Incorporation of explainability features in the decision-making web-based systems is considered a primary concern to enhance accountability,transparency,and trust in the community.Multi-domain Sentiment Analysis is a ...Incorporation of explainability features in the decision-making web-based systems is considered a primary concern to enhance accountability,transparency,and trust in the community.Multi-domain Sentiment Analysis is a significant web-based system where the explainability feature is essential for achieving user satisfaction.Conventional design methodologies such as object-oriented design methodology(OODM)have been proposed for web-based application development,which facilitates code reuse,quantification,and security at the design level.However,OODM did not provide the feature of explainability in web-based decision-making systems.X-OODM modifies the OODM with added explainable models to introduce the explainability feature for such systems.This research introduces an explainable model leveraging X-OODM for designing transparent applications for multidomain sentiment analysis.The proposed design is evaluated using the design quality metrics defined for the evaluation of the X-OODM explainable model under user context.The design quality metrics,transferability,simulatability,informativeness,and decomposability were introduced one after another over time to the evaluation of the X-OODM user context.Auxiliary metrics of accessibility and algorithmic transparency were added to increase the degree of explainability for the design.The study results reveal that introducing such explainability parameters with X-OODM appropriately increases system transparency,trustworthiness,and user understanding.The experimental results validate the enhancement of decision-making for multi-domain sentiment analysis with integration at the design level of explainability.Future work can be built in this direction by extending this work to apply the proposed X-OODM framework over different datasets and sentiment analysis applications to further scrutinize its effectiveness in real-world scenarios.展开更多
Gold-platinum(Au-Pt)alloy has aroused considerable attention due to its ultra-low magnetic susceptibility(MS)in testing mass(TM)on spacecraft.However,the effect of Au content on the properties of the alloy has not yet...Gold-platinum(Au-Pt)alloy has aroused considerable attention due to its ultra-low magnetic susceptibility(MS)in testing mass(TM)on spacecraft.However,the effect of Au content on the properties of the alloy has not yet been understood.In this study,the composition design of Au-Pt alloy with ultra-low MS was achieved through density functional theory(DFT)and experimental methods.The elastic,thermal properties and electronic structure were systematically investigated,the composition range was further optimized and Au75Pt25 was determined to be the most suitable alloy for TM material.The phase composition of this alloy after cold rolling and solid solution was characterized,indicating a single-phase FCC structure.In addition,there is a good validation between the experimental Vickers hardness and the DFT results.This work provides new insights into the compositional optimization of Au-Pt alloys and lays the foundation for alloy development.展开更多
The all-vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB)plays an important role in the energy transition toward renewable technologies by providing grid-scale energy storage.Their deployment,however,is limited by the lack of membran...The all-vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB)plays an important role in the energy transition toward renewable technologies by providing grid-scale energy storage.Their deployment,however,is limited by the lack of membranes that provide both a high energy efficiency and capacity retention.Typically,the improvement of the battery’s energy efficiency comes at the cost of its capacity retention.Herein,novel N-alkylated and N-benzylated meta-polybenzimidazole(m-PBI)membranes are used to understand the molecular requirements of the polymer electrolyte in a vanadium redox flow battery,providing an important toolbox for future research toward next-generation membrane materials in energy storage devices.The addition of an ethyl side chain to the m-PBI backbone increases its affinity toward the acidic electrolyte,thereby increasing its ionic conductivity and the corresponding energy efficiency of the VRFB cell from 70%to 78%at a current density of 200 mA cm^(-2).In addition,cells equipped with ethylated m-PBI showed better capacity retention than their pristine counterpart,respectively 91%versus 87%,over 200 cycles at 200 mA cm^(-2).The outstanding VRFB cycling performance,together with the low-cost and fluorine-free chemistry of the N-alkylated m-PBI polymer,makes this material a promising membrane to be used in next-generation VRFB systems.展开更多
Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are promising energy storage systems because of high theoretical energy density,safety,low cost,and abundance of zinc.However,the slow multi-step reaction of oxygen and heavy reliance on noble-...Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are promising energy storage systems because of high theoretical energy density,safety,low cost,and abundance of zinc.However,the slow multi-step reaction of oxygen and heavy reliance on noble-metal catalysts hinder the practical applications of ZABs.Therefore,feasible and advanced non-noble-metal elec-trocatalysts for air cathodes need to be identified to promote the oxygen catalytic reaction.In this review,we initially introduced the advancement of ZABs in the past two decades and provided an overview of key developments in this field.Then,we discussed the work-ing mechanism and the design of bifunctional electrocatalysts from the perspective of morphology design,crystal structure tuning,interface strategy,and atomic engineering.We also included theoretical studies,machine learning,and advanced characterization technologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure-performance relationship of electrocatalysts and the reaction pathways of the oxygen redox reactions.Finally,we discussed the challenges and prospects related to designing advanced non-noble-metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for ZABs.展开更多
The unbreakable doll performance at Tang Dynasty Night City has become extremely popular,sparking a wave of enthusiasm online.In the performance,actors dressed in elegant Tang Dynasty attire appear as if they have ste...The unbreakable doll performance at Tang Dynasty Night City has become extremely popular,sparking a wave of enthusiasm online.In the performance,actors dressed in elegant Tang Dynasty attire appear as if they have stepped out of a historical painting,gracefully dancing on the unbreakable doll apparatus.Every gesture and expression exudes the unparalleled elegance of the Tang Dynasty.This paper primarily analyzes the mechanical principles behind the Tang Dynasty Night City’s Unbreakable Doll Performance,starting with structural design to examine its mechanical principles and summarize its dynamic mechanical control mechanisms.展开更多
Nowadays,education and teaching have become a hot topic,and teaching in colleges and universities is facing a brand-new development direction.Principles of Concrete Structure Design,as one of the main courses,transmit...Nowadays,education and teaching have become a hot topic,and teaching in colleges and universities is facing a brand-new development direction.Principles of Concrete Structure Design,as one of the main courses,transmits professional knowledge for students,enhances the students’professional ability,and further carries out in-depth research on the course to bring a better teaching effect for students.The article mainly focuses on the research of the principles of concrete structure design course,conducts an analysis of the teaching characteristics of the principles of concrete structure design course,and reasonably sets the teaching content from the optimization of the course teaching objectives;innovative course teaching methods can deepen the effect of knowledge understanding;reform of experimental practice teaching can lay down the effect of the internalization of knowledge,etc.The in-depth description and discussion of the relevant aspects of the research aim to provide guidelines for related research.展开更多
In order to make a business English training course cost effective, the course is to be designed based on certain language teaching theories and principles involving needs analysis to identify learners' needs and ...In order to make a business English training course cost effective, the course is to be designed based on certain language teaching theories and principles involving needs analysis to identify learners' needs and wants, appropriate teaching approaches and during-and-after evaluation of the training effects.展开更多
The diverse non-smooth body surfaces to reduce soil adhesion are the evolutional results for the soil animals to fit the adhesive and wet environment and can be used as a biological basis for the design of bionic plow...The diverse non-smooth body surfaces to reduce soil adhesion are the evolutional results for the soil animals to fit the adhesive and wet environment and can be used as a biological basis for the design of bionic plow moldboard. The model surfaces for bionic simulation should be taken from soil animal digging organs, on which the soil motion is similar to what is on the surface of moldboard. By analyzing the distribution of non-smooth units on the body surface of the ground beetle jaw and the soil moving stresses, the design principles of the bionic moldboard for the local and the whole moldboard were presented respectively. As well, the effect of soil moving speed on reducing adhesion, the dimensions relationship between soil particles and non-smooth convexes, the relationship between the enveloping surface of non-smooth convexes and the initial smooth surface of the plow body, and the convex types of the sphere coronal and the pangolin scales,etc.were discussed.展开更多
Principles of Course Design for Language Teaching by Janice Yalden is a linguistics book for the ESL/EFL teachers and researchers. By briefing and analyzing the contents , some guidelines and methods are found practic...Principles of Course Design for Language Teaching by Janice Yalden is a linguistics book for the ESL/EFL teachers and researchers. By briefing and analyzing the contents , some guidelines and methods are found practical and enlightening for the teachers in higher vocational college to develop EFL courses.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are an appealing battery system due to their low cost,intrinsic safety,and environmental-friendliness,while their application is plagued by the obstacles from the cathode,electrolyte,a...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are an appealing battery system due to their low cost,intrinsic safety,and environmental-friendliness,while their application is plagued by the obstacles from the cathode,electrolyte,and zinc anode.Summarizing the design principles and strategies toward the optimization of cathode,electrolyte,and zinc anode is crucial for the development of AZIBs.Herein,we present a comprehensive analysis of the design principles and promising strategies toward the improvement of AZIBs.Firstly,the various reaction mechanisms are summarized and the existing issues associated with the cathode,electrolyte,and zinc anode are discussed to guide the rational design of AZIBs.Subsequently,we provide an in-depth and comprehensive discussion on the design principles and strategies for the electrodes/electrolyte/separator optimization,and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various strategies.Importantly,the design principles and strategies of the newly appeared conversion-type AZIBs,such as Zn-S battery and Zn-Se battery,are also discussed and analyzed.The effect of design strategies on the electrochemical performance and the relationship between the current issues and strategies are also unveiled in detail.Finally,some research trends and perspectives are provided for designing better AZIBs.展开更多
Cracking and low thickness are major obstacles to the high corrosion performance of conversion coating on magnesium alloy.In this work,the ratio of total acidity to p H(TA/p H)was applied as an indicator,and new princ...Cracking and low thickness are major obstacles to the high corrosion performance of conversion coating on magnesium alloy.In this work,the ratio of total acidity to p H(TA/p H)was applied as an indicator,and new principles regarding the design of conversion bath were proposed.The treatment bath should be composed of species that can be categorized into two groups:the first group of species that react with Mg substrate to increase the local p H at the interface;the second group that precipitate and contributes to the growth of coating.The species belong to second group exists in a supersaturated state and its precipitation process is almost independent on the reactions of the species in first group.By this way,a thick and crack-free two-layered conversion coating is obtained.Moreover,the nature of the adjustment of TA/p H and the roles of the oxidizing agent and catalyst were discussed.展开更多
Detecting well-known design patterns in object-oriented program source code can help maintainers understand the design of a program. Through the detection, the understandability, maintainability, and reusability of ob...Detecting well-known design patterns in object-oriented program source code can help maintainers understand the design of a program. Through the detection, the understandability, maintainability, and reusability of object-oriented programs can be improved. There are automated detection techniques;however, many existing techniques are based on static analysis and use strict conditions composed on class structure data. Hence, it is difficult for them to detect and distinguish design patterns in which the class structures are similar. Moreover, it is difficult for them to deal with diversity in design pattern applications. To solve these problems in existing techniques, we propose a design pattern detection technique using source code metrics and machine learning. Our technique judges candidates for the roles that compose design patterns by using machine learning and measurements of several metrics, and it detects design patterns by analyzing the relations between candidates. It suppresses false negatives and distinguishes patterns in which the class structures are similar. As a result of experimental evaluations with a set of programs, we confirmed that our technique is more accurate than two conventional techniques.展开更多
How to benefit the learners learning English as a foreign language(EFL)from the aspect of instructional design aroused the concerns of many teachers and researchers.The main purpose of this study is to address the que...How to benefit the learners learning English as a foreign language(EFL)from the aspect of instructional design aroused the concerns of many teachers and researchers.The main purpose of this study is to address the question of how teachers can design and implement EFL classroom that benefit the learners.Specifically,the“First Principles of Instruction,”advocated by Merrill(2002),was applied by the English teachers to conduct their day-to-day pedagogical practices.The corresponding effects of this theory in designing EFL classroom activities were reported in this study.Two research questions are formulated as follows:(1)Does the“First Principles of Instruction”benefit the EFL classroom designing in the aspect of student achievement?If yes,what is the effect?(2)How do the English teachers perceive the“First Principles of Instruction”to design EFL classroom?While observing the EFL classroom activities and interviewing the college English teachers,an empirical study was done to perceive how college English teachers could best apply these principles to design EFL classroom activities.展开更多
Most current object-oriented programming courses offered by domestic colleges and universities generally focus on the object-oriented programming language itself,i.e.,the programming grammar of the language,but ignore...Most current object-oriented programming courses offered by domestic colleges and universities generally focus on the object-oriented programming language itself,i.e.,the programming grammar of the language,but ignore the design pattern.However,design patterns are essential to software engineering because they can solve common problems in software design and improve code reuse,readability,extensibility,and reliability.Our Object-oriented Software Construction Course is creative since it aims at cultivating students’object-oriented thinking as well as basic abilities required to construct high-quality,object-oriented software.Specifically,we exploit the 5E teaching principle during the education of this course,and present the whole pipeline in the paper.We also provide one case of the factory pattern to further demonstrate the implementation of the 5E teaching principle in the course.The effect of the 5E teaching principle has also been demonstrated.展开更多
Interactive learning tools can facilitate the learning process and increase student engagement,especially tools such as computer programs that are designed for human-computer interaction.Thus,this paper aims to help s...Interactive learning tools can facilitate the learning process and increase student engagement,especially tools such as computer programs that are designed for human-computer interaction.Thus,this paper aims to help students learn five different methods for solving nonlinear equations using an interactive learning tool designed with common principles such as feedback,visibility,affordance,consistency,and constraints.It also compares these methods by the number of iterations and time required to display the result.This study helps students learn these methods using interactive learning tools instead of relying on traditional teaching methods.The tool is implemented using the MATLAB app and is evaluated through usability testing with two groups of users that are categorized by their level of experience with root-finding.Users with no knowledge in root-finding confirmed that they understood the root-finding concept when interacting with the designed tool.The positive results of the user evaluation showed that the tool can be recommended to other users.展开更多
The growing complexity of System on Chip （SOC） requres a system level specicanon and design approach. High-level languages such as C＋＋/SystemC can play multiple roles in system design as target languages. There ar...The growing complexity of System on Chip （SOC） requres a system level specicanon and design approach. High-level languages such as C＋＋/SystemC can play multiple roles in system design as target languages. There are many practical problems in the application of object-oriented methods for this goal. Based on the analysis of traditional and system-level design methodology, a new object-oriented SOC design methodology with object-oriented design patterns is proposed, which emphasizes high-level design and verification. Aiming at the final goal of developing design patterns specific to SOC design, the reuse of design patterns in SOC systems and the capability of new SOC design patterns are discussed. With the illustration of some concrete examples of SOC design patterns, the application of object-oriented design methodology in the SOC design process is presented.展开更多
Nowadays, lighting design is the modern attractive field of professional activity. Although its theoretical and methodological bases are in the initial stage of formulation. Though there are standards for regulating i...Nowadays, lighting design is the modern attractive field of professional activity. Although its theoretical and methodological bases are in the initial stage of formulation. Though there are standards for regulating illumination quantitatively, the science has never created a bridge to transfer illumination quantity into illumination quality. How to keep a day image of architectural object without imitating natural lighting？ How unrecognizably to change the image, to make it extraordinary and catchy？ This paper offers a solution in the form of external illumination designing principles. This paper proposes two conceptual ways of creating artificial lighting of buildings and constructions that pursue different goals： the principle of ＂tectonic＂ illumination and the principle of ＂decorative＂ illumination. These principles were developed based on the analysis of the state of the art experience of lighting architectural objects and author＇s empirical study. The latter contained measuring luminosity with luminance meter, processing the data, statistical survey （180 respondents） and lighting modeling in the laboratory of Moscow Architectural Institute.展开更多
基金support of the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at Ajman University under Projects 2024-IRG-ENiT-36 and 2024-IRG-ENIT-29.
文摘Incorporation of explainability features in the decision-making web-based systems is considered a primary concern to enhance accountability,transparency,and trust in the community.Multi-domain Sentiment Analysis is a significant web-based system where the explainability feature is essential for achieving user satisfaction.Conventional design methodologies such as object-oriented design methodology(OODM)have been proposed for web-based application development,which facilitates code reuse,quantification,and security at the design level.However,OODM did not provide the feature of explainability in web-based decision-making systems.X-OODM modifies the OODM with added explainable models to introduce the explainability feature for such systems.This research introduces an explainable model leveraging X-OODM for designing transparent applications for multidomain sentiment analysis.The proposed design is evaluated using the design quality metrics defined for the evaluation of the X-OODM explainable model under user context.The design quality metrics,transferability,simulatability,informativeness,and decomposability were introduced one after another over time to the evaluation of the X-OODM user context.Auxiliary metrics of accessibility and algorithmic transparency were added to increase the degree of explainability for the design.The study results reveal that introducing such explainability parameters with X-OODM appropriately increases system transparency,trustworthiness,and user understanding.The experimental results validate the enhancement of decision-making for multi-domain sentiment analysis with integration at the design level of explainability.Future work can be built in this direction by extending this work to apply the proposed X-OODM framework over different datasets and sentiment analysis applications to further scrutinize its effectiveness in real-world scenarios.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2202300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.51974258)the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.S202210699134).
文摘Gold-platinum(Au-Pt)alloy has aroused considerable attention due to its ultra-low magnetic susceptibility(MS)in testing mass(TM)on spacecraft.However,the effect of Au content on the properties of the alloy has not yet been understood.In this study,the composition design of Au-Pt alloy with ultra-low MS was achieved through density functional theory(DFT)and experimental methods.The elastic,thermal properties and electronic structure were systematically investigated,the composition range was further optimized and Au75Pt25 was determined to be the most suitable alloy for TM material.The phase composition of this alloy after cold rolling and solid solution was characterized,indicating a single-phase FCC structure.In addition,there is a good validation between the experimental Vickers hardness and the DFT results.This work provides new insights into the compositional optimization of Au-Pt alloys and lays the foundation for alloy development.
基金supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation(grant number 188631).
文摘The all-vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB)plays an important role in the energy transition toward renewable technologies by providing grid-scale energy storage.Their deployment,however,is limited by the lack of membranes that provide both a high energy efficiency and capacity retention.Typically,the improvement of the battery’s energy efficiency comes at the cost of its capacity retention.Herein,novel N-alkylated and N-benzylated meta-polybenzimidazole(m-PBI)membranes are used to understand the molecular requirements of the polymer electrolyte in a vanadium redox flow battery,providing an important toolbox for future research toward next-generation membrane materials in energy storage devices.The addition of an ethyl side chain to the m-PBI backbone increases its affinity toward the acidic electrolyte,thereby increasing its ionic conductivity and the corresponding energy efficiency of the VRFB cell from 70%to 78%at a current density of 200 mA cm^(-2).In addition,cells equipped with ethylated m-PBI showed better capacity retention than their pristine counterpart,respectively 91%versus 87%,over 200 cycles at 200 mA cm^(-2).The outstanding VRFB cycling performance,together with the low-cost and fluorine-free chemistry of the N-alkylated m-PBI polymer,makes this material a promising membrane to be used in next-generation VRFB systems.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:22309180)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No:XDB0600000,XDB0600400)+3 种基金Liaoning Binhai Laboratory,(Grant No:LILBLB-2023-04)Dalian Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No:2022RG01)Youth Science and Technology Foundation of Dalian(Grant No:2023RQ015)the University of Waterloo.
文摘Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are promising energy storage systems because of high theoretical energy density,safety,low cost,and abundance of zinc.However,the slow multi-step reaction of oxygen and heavy reliance on noble-metal catalysts hinder the practical applications of ZABs.Therefore,feasible and advanced non-noble-metal elec-trocatalysts for air cathodes need to be identified to promote the oxygen catalytic reaction.In this review,we initially introduced the advancement of ZABs in the past two decades and provided an overview of key developments in this field.Then,we discussed the work-ing mechanism and the design of bifunctional electrocatalysts from the perspective of morphology design,crystal structure tuning,interface strategy,and atomic engineering.We also included theoretical studies,machine learning,and advanced characterization technologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the structure-performance relationship of electrocatalysts and the reaction pathways of the oxygen redox reactions.Finally,we discussed the challenges and prospects related to designing advanced non-noble-metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for ZABs.
文摘The unbreakable doll performance at Tang Dynasty Night City has become extremely popular,sparking a wave of enthusiasm online.In the performance,actors dressed in elegant Tang Dynasty attire appear as if they have stepped out of a historical painting,gracefully dancing on the unbreakable doll apparatus.Every gesture and expression exudes the unparalleled elegance of the Tang Dynasty.This paper primarily analyzes the mechanical principles behind the Tang Dynasty Night City’s Unbreakable Doll Performance,starting with structural design to examine its mechanical principles and summarize its dynamic mechanical control mechanisms.
文摘Nowadays,education and teaching have become a hot topic,and teaching in colleges and universities is facing a brand-new development direction.Principles of Concrete Structure Design,as one of the main courses,transmits professional knowledge for students,enhances the students’professional ability,and further carries out in-depth research on the course to bring a better teaching effect for students.The article mainly focuses on the research of the principles of concrete structure design course,conducts an analysis of the teaching characteristics of the principles of concrete structure design course,and reasonably sets the teaching content from the optimization of the course teaching objectives;innovative course teaching methods can deepen the effect of knowledge understanding;reform of experimental practice teaching can lay down the effect of the internalization of knowledge,etc.The in-depth description and discussion of the relevant aspects of the research aim to provide guidelines for related research.
文摘In order to make a business English training course cost effective, the course is to be designed based on certain language teaching theories and principles involving needs analysis to identify learners' needs and wants, appropriate teaching approaches and during-and-after evaluation of the training effects.
文摘The diverse non-smooth body surfaces to reduce soil adhesion are the evolutional results for the soil animals to fit the adhesive and wet environment and can be used as a biological basis for the design of bionic plow moldboard. The model surfaces for bionic simulation should be taken from soil animal digging organs, on which the soil motion is similar to what is on the surface of moldboard. By analyzing the distribution of non-smooth units on the body surface of the ground beetle jaw and the soil moving stresses, the design principles of the bionic moldboard for the local and the whole moldboard were presented respectively. As well, the effect of soil moving speed on reducing adhesion, the dimensions relationship between soil particles and non-smooth convexes, the relationship between the enveloping surface of non-smooth convexes and the initial smooth surface of the plow body, and the convex types of the sphere coronal and the pangolin scales,etc.were discussed.
文摘Principles of Course Design for Language Teaching by Janice Yalden is a linguistics book for the ESL/EFL teachers and researchers. By briefing and analyzing the contents , some guidelines and methods are found practical and enlightening for the teachers in higher vocational college to develop EFL courses.
基金supported by the research funds from South-Central University for Nationalities(Grant No.YZZ19001)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51873233)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2018CFA023)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are an appealing battery system due to their low cost,intrinsic safety,and environmental-friendliness,while their application is plagued by the obstacles from the cathode,electrolyte,and zinc anode.Summarizing the design principles and strategies toward the optimization of cathode,electrolyte,and zinc anode is crucial for the development of AZIBs.Herein,we present a comprehensive analysis of the design principles and promising strategies toward the improvement of AZIBs.Firstly,the various reaction mechanisms are summarized and the existing issues associated with the cathode,electrolyte,and zinc anode are discussed to guide the rational design of AZIBs.Subsequently,we provide an in-depth and comprehensive discussion on the design principles and strategies for the electrodes/electrolyte/separator optimization,and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various strategies.Importantly,the design principles and strategies of the newly appeared conversion-type AZIBs,such as Zn-S battery and Zn-Se battery,are also discussed and analyzed.The effect of design strategies on the electrochemical performance and the relationship between the current issues and strategies are also unveiled in detail.Finally,some research trends and perspectives are provided for designing better AZIBs.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51531007 and 51771050)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M651128)+1 种基金the National Program for Young Top-notch Professionalsthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N170205002)
文摘Cracking and low thickness are major obstacles to the high corrosion performance of conversion coating on magnesium alloy.In this work,the ratio of total acidity to p H(TA/p H)was applied as an indicator,and new principles regarding the design of conversion bath were proposed.The treatment bath should be composed of species that can be categorized into two groups:the first group of species that react with Mg substrate to increase the local p H at the interface;the second group that precipitate and contributes to the growth of coating.The species belong to second group exists in a supersaturated state and its precipitation process is almost independent on the reactions of the species in first group.By this way,a thick and crack-free two-layered conversion coating is obtained.Moreover,the nature of the adjustment of TA/p H and the roles of the oxidizing agent and catalyst were discussed.
文摘Detecting well-known design patterns in object-oriented program source code can help maintainers understand the design of a program. Through the detection, the understandability, maintainability, and reusability of object-oriented programs can be improved. There are automated detection techniques;however, many existing techniques are based on static analysis and use strict conditions composed on class structure data. Hence, it is difficult for them to detect and distinguish design patterns in which the class structures are similar. Moreover, it is difficult for them to deal with diversity in design pattern applications. To solve these problems in existing techniques, we propose a design pattern detection technique using source code metrics and machine learning. Our technique judges candidates for the roles that compose design patterns by using machine learning and measurements of several metrics, and it detects design patterns by analyzing the relations between candidates. It suppresses false negatives and distinguishes patterns in which the class structures are similar. As a result of experimental evaluations with a set of programs, we confirmed that our technique is more accurate than two conventional techniques.
基金supported by two grants from Nanning University Teaching Research Foundation:The learner autonomy towards college English learning based on the flipped class teaching philosophy(2019XJJG05)Task-based college English teaching mode based on the flipped class teaching philosophy(2020XJJG06).
文摘How to benefit the learners learning English as a foreign language(EFL)from the aspect of instructional design aroused the concerns of many teachers and researchers.The main purpose of this study is to address the question of how teachers can design and implement EFL classroom that benefit the learners.Specifically,the“First Principles of Instruction,”advocated by Merrill(2002),was applied by the English teachers to conduct their day-to-day pedagogical practices.The corresponding effects of this theory in designing EFL classroom activities were reported in this study.Two research questions are formulated as follows:(1)Does the“First Principles of Instruction”benefit the EFL classroom designing in the aspect of student achievement?If yes,what is the effect?(2)How do the English teachers perceive the“First Principles of Instruction”to design EFL classroom?While observing the EFL classroom activities and interviewing the college English teachers,an empirical study was done to perceive how college English teachers could best apply these principles to design EFL classroom activities.
基金supported by Guangdong Hardware and System Teaching and Research Office(Quality Engineeringproject No.HITSZERP22002)+2 种基金Guangdong Province Education Science Planning Project(Higher Education Project,Project No.2022GXJK431)Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Course Ideological and Political Project(Project No.HITSZIP21003)Construction Project of Teachers College of Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)(Project No.HITSZSFXY202201)。
文摘Most current object-oriented programming courses offered by domestic colleges and universities generally focus on the object-oriented programming language itself,i.e.,the programming grammar of the language,but ignore the design pattern.However,design patterns are essential to software engineering because they can solve common problems in software design and improve code reuse,readability,extensibility,and reliability.Our Object-oriented Software Construction Course is creative since it aims at cultivating students’object-oriented thinking as well as basic abilities required to construct high-quality,object-oriented software.Specifically,we exploit the 5E teaching principle during the education of this course,and present the whole pipeline in the paper.We also provide one case of the factory pattern to further demonstrate the implementation of the 5E teaching principle in the course.The effect of the 5E teaching principle has also been demonstrated.
文摘Interactive learning tools can facilitate the learning process and increase student engagement,especially tools such as computer programs that are designed for human-computer interaction.Thus,this paper aims to help students learn five different methods for solving nonlinear equations using an interactive learning tool designed with common principles such as feedback,visibility,affordance,consistency,and constraints.It also compares these methods by the number of iterations and time required to display the result.This study helps students learn these methods using interactive learning tools instead of relying on traditional teaching methods.The tool is implemented using the MATLAB app and is evaluated through usability testing with two groups of users that are categorized by their level of experience with root-finding.Users with no knowledge in root-finding confirmed that they understood the root-finding concept when interacting with the designed tool.The positive results of the user evaluation showed that the tool can be recommended to other users.
文摘The growing complexity of System on Chip （SOC） requres a system level specicanon and design approach. High-level languages such as C＋＋/SystemC can play multiple roles in system design as target languages. There are many practical problems in the application of object-oriented methods for this goal. Based on the analysis of traditional and system-level design methodology, a new object-oriented SOC design methodology with object-oriented design patterns is proposed, which emphasizes high-level design and verification. Aiming at the final goal of developing design patterns specific to SOC design, the reuse of design patterns in SOC systems and the capability of new SOC design patterns are discussed. With the illustration of some concrete examples of SOC design patterns, the application of object-oriented design methodology in the SOC design process is presented.
文摘Nowadays, lighting design is the modern attractive field of professional activity. Although its theoretical and methodological bases are in the initial stage of formulation. Though there are standards for regulating illumination quantitatively, the science has never created a bridge to transfer illumination quantity into illumination quality. How to keep a day image of architectural object without imitating natural lighting？ How unrecognizably to change the image, to make it extraordinary and catchy？ This paper offers a solution in the form of external illumination designing principles. This paper proposes two conceptual ways of creating artificial lighting of buildings and constructions that pursue different goals： the principle of ＂tectonic＂ illumination and the principle of ＂decorative＂ illumination. These principles were developed based on the analysis of the state of the art experience of lighting architectural objects and author＇s empirical study. The latter contained measuring luminosity with luminance meter, processing the data, statistical survey （180 respondents） and lighting modeling in the laboratory of Moscow Architectural Institute.
