Ideological and political education in courses is an important task of higher education in the new era.As a crucial part of higher education,foreign language teaching needs to actively explore effective integration wi...Ideological and political education in courses is an important task of higher education in the new era.As a crucial part of higher education,foreign language teaching needs to actively explore effective integration with ideological and political education in courses.The AVIVA teaching model,a student-centered teaching model,provides new ideas for foreign language teaching.Based on an analysis of the current situation of foreign language courses in application-oriented universities,this article discusses the application strategies of the AVIVA teaching model from the perspective of ideological and political education in courses.Through specific teaching practice cases,it demonstrates the effectiveness of this model in improving students’foreign language proficiency and ideological and political literacy,providing a reference for the reform of foreign language teaching in application-oriented universities.展开更多
To improve the reusable and configurable ability of computer numerical control ( CNC ) software, a new method to construct reusable model of CNC software with object-oriented (OO) technology is proposed. Based on anal...To improve the reusable and configurable ability of computer numerical control ( CNC ) software, a new method to construct reusable model of CNC software with object-oriented (OO) technology is proposed. Based on analyzing function of CNC software, the article presents how to construct a general class library of CNC software with OO technology. Most function modules of CNC software can he reused because of inheritable capability of classes. Besides, the article analyzes the object relational model in request/report mode, and multitask concurrent management model, which can he applied on double-CPU hardware platform and Windows 95/NT environment. Finally, the method has been successfully applied on a turning CNC system and a milling CNC system, and some function modules have been reused.展开更多
Recently automotive nets are adopted to solve increasing problems in automotive electronic systems.Technologies of automotive local area network from CAN and LIN can solve the problems of the increasing of wire bunch ...Recently automotive nets are adopted to solve increasing problems in automotive electronic systems.Technologies of automotive local area network from CAN and LIN can solve the problems of the increasing of wire bunch weight and lack in module installation space.However,the multilayer automotive nets software becomes more and more complex,and the development expense is difficult to predict and to keep in check.In this paper,the modeling method of hierarchical automotive nets and the substitution operation based on object-oriented colored Petri net(OOCPN) are proposed.The OOCPN model which analyzes the software structure and validates the collision mechanism of CAN/LIN bus can speed the automobile system development.First,the subsystems are divided and modeled by object-oriented Petri net(OOPN).According to the sets of message sharing relations,the message ports among them are set and the communication gate transitions are defined.Second,the OOPN model is substituted step by step until the inner objects in the automotive body control modules(BCM) are indivisible and colored by colored Petri net(CPN).And the color subsets mark the node messages for the collision mechanism.Third,the OOCPN model of the automotive body CAN/LIN nets is assembled,which keeps the message sets and the system can be expanded.The proposed model is used to analyze features of information sharing among the objects,and it is also used to describe each subsystem real-time behavior of processing messages and implemental device controllers operating,and puts forward a reasonable software framework for the automotive body control subsystem.The research can help to design the communication model in the automotive body system effectively and provide a convenient and rapid way for developing the logical hierarchy software.展开更多
Object-oriented Petri nets (OPNs) is extended into stochastic object-oriented Petri nets (SOPNs) by associating the OPN of an object with stochastic transitions and introducing stochastic places. The stochastic transi...Object-oriented Petri nets (OPNs) is extended into stochastic object-oriented Petri nets (SOPNs) by associating the OPN of an object with stochastic transitions and introducing stochastic places. The stochastic transition of the SOPNs of a production resources can be used to model its reliability, while the SOPN of a production resource can describe its performance with reliability considered. The SOPN model of a case production system is built to illustrate the relationship between the system's performances and the failures of individual production resources.展开更多
Automated operation and artificial intelligence technology have become essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and punctuality of railways, with applications such as ATO (Automatic Train Operation). In this stu...Automated operation and artificial intelligence technology have become essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and punctuality of railways, with applications such as ATO (Automatic Train Operation). In this study, the authors propose a method to efficiently simulate the kinematic characteristics of railroad vehicles depending on their speed zone. They utilized the function overloading function supported by a programming language and applied the fourth-order Lunge-Kutta method for dynamic simulation. By constructing an object model, the authors calculated vehicle characteristics and TPS and compared them with actual values, verifying that the developed model represents the real-life vehicle characteristics accurately. The study highlights potential improvements in automated driving and energy consumption optimization in the railway industry.展开更多
Virtual assembly is a Virtual Reality (VR) based engineering application which allows engineers to evaluate, analyze, and plan the assembly of mechanical systems. To model the virtual assembly process, new methodology...Virtual assembly is a Virtual Reality (VR) based engineering application which allows engineers to evaluate, analyze, and plan the assembly of mechanical systems. To model the virtual assembly process, new methodology must be applied. Based on the idea that the virtual assembly system is an event driven system, the interactive behavior and information model is proposed to describe the dynamic process of virtual assembly. Definition of the object-oriented model of virtual assembly is put forward.展开更多
Object-oriented programming divides the crop production into subsystems and simulates their behaviors. Many classes were designed to simulate the behaviors of different parts or different physiological processes in cr...Object-oriented programming divides the crop production into subsystems and simulates their behaviors. Many classes were designed to simulate the behaviors of different parts or different physiological processes in crop production system. At the same time, many classes have to be employed for bettering user's interface. But how to manage these classes on a higher level to cooperate them into a perfect system is another problem to study. The Rice Growth Models (RGM) system represents an effort to define and implement a framework to manage these classes. In RGM system, the classes were organized into the model-document-view architecture to separate the domain models, data management and user interface. A single document with multiple views interface frame window was adopted in RGM. In the architectures, the simulation models only exchange data with documents while documents act as intermediacies between simulation models and interfaces. Views get data from documents and show the results to users. The classes for the different functions can be grouped into different architectures. Different architectures communicate with each other through documents. The classes for the different functions can be grouped into different architectures. By using the architecture, communication between classes is more efficient. Modeler can add classes in architectures or other architectures to extend the system without having to change system structure, which is useful for construction and maintenance of agricultural system models.展开更多
Modelica-based object-orient method is proved to be rapid, accurate and easy to modify, which is suitable for prototype modeling and simulation of rotor system, whose parameters need to be modified frequently. Classic...Modelica-based object-orient method is proved to be rapid, accurate and easy to modify, which is suitable for prototype modeling and simulation of rotor system, whose parameters need to be modified frequently. Classical non-object-orient method appears to be inefficient because the code is difficult to modify and reuse. An adequate library for object-orient modeling of rotor system with multi-faults is established, a comparison with non-object-orient method on Jeffcott rotor system and a case study on turbo expander with multi-faults are implemented. The relative tolerance between object-orient method and non-object-orient is less than 0.03%, which proves that these two methods are as accurate as each other. Object-orient modeling and simulation is implemented on turbo expander with crack, rub-impact, pedestal looseness and multi-faults simultaneously. It can be conclude from the case study that when acting on compress side of turbo expander separately, expand wheel is not influenced greatly by crack fault, the existence of rub-impact fault forces expand wheel into quasi-periodic motion and the orbit of expand wheel is deformed and enhanced almost 1.5 times due to pedestal looseness. When acting simultaneously, multi-faults cannot be totally decomposed but can be diagnosed from the feature of vibration. Object-orient method can enhance the efficiency of modeling and simulation of rotor system with multi-faults, which provides an efficient method on prototype modeling and simulation.展开更多
Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detecti...Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detection approaches, ranging from traditional heuristic algorithms to machine learning methods, are used to identify these defects. Ensemble learning methods have strengthened the detection of these defects. However, existing approaches do not simultaneously exploit the capabilities of extracting relevant features from pre-trained models and the performance of neural networks for the classification task. Therefore, our goal has been to design a model that combines a pre-trained model to extract relevant features from code excerpts through transfer learning and a bagging method with a base estimator, a dense neural network, for defect classification. To achieve this, we composed multiple samples of the same size with replacements from the imbalanced dataset MLCQ1. For all the samples, we used the CodeT5-small variant to extract features and trained a bagging method with the neural network Roberta Classification Head to classify defects based on these features. We then compared this model to RandomForest, one of the ensemble methods that yields good results. Our experiments showed that the number of base estimators to use for bagging depends on the defect to be detected. Next, we observed that it was not necessary to use a data balancing technique with our model when the imbalance rate was 23%. Finally, for blob detection, RandomForest had a median MCC value of 0.36 compared to 0.12 for our method. However, our method was predominant in Long Method detection with a median MCC value of 0.53 compared to 0.42 for RandomForest. These results suggest that the performance of ensemble methods in detecting structural development defects is dependent on specific defects.展开更多
This article contains a system conversion from object oriented design into Software Product Line (SPL) using delta modeling of Abstract Behavioral Specification (ABS). ABS is a modeling language which targets system w...This article contains a system conversion from object oriented design into Software Product Line (SPL) using delta modeling of Abstract Behavioral Specification (ABS). ABS is a modeling language which targets system with high level of variety and supports SPL development with delta modeling. The case study of this thesis is a digital library system called Library Automation and Digital Archive (LONTAR). Originally, LONTAR only uses SOAP-based web service. With ABS, LONTAR will be converted into SPL and implement another web service called REST. The motivation of this conversion of LONTAR from object oriented into SPL is because it is easier to develop system with ABS than using regular object oriented. Product definition in ABS is relatively easier than creating a new subclass and do customization to make it works well.展开更多
The Object-Attribute-Relationship(OAR)model provides a single model tocapture data structure,behavior properties and knowledge rules in the CAPP application.This paper focuses on how to integrate a variety of differen...The Object-Attribute-Relationship(OAR)model provides a single model tocapture data structure,behavior properties and knowledge rules in the CAPP application.This paper focuses on how to integrate a variety of different knowledge rules into the OARmodel and how to form transactions against the data structure with these rules in order toimplement intelligent process planning for designed components.The mapping from theOAR to Smalltalk can be directly carried out.It makes the implementation an entirely Ob-ject-Oriented approach.展开更多
The Service ORiented Computing EnviRonment (SORCER) targets service abstractions for transdisciplinary complexity with support for heterogeneous service-oriented (SO) computing. SORCER's models are expressed in a ...The Service ORiented Computing EnviRonment (SORCER) targets service abstractions for transdisciplinary complexity with support for heterogeneous service-oriented (SO) computing. SORCER's models are expressed in a top-down Var-oriented Modeling Language (VML) unified with programs in a bottoms-up Exertion-Oriented Language (EOL). In this paper the introduction to mogramming (modeling and programing), which uses both languages, is described. First, the emphasis is on modeling with service variables that allow for computational fidelity within VML. Then, seven types of service providers, both local and distributed, are described to form collaborative federations described in EOL. Finally, the unified hybrid of SO modeling and SO programming is presented. Fourteen simple mogramming examples illustrate the syntax and usage of both VML and EOL.展开更多
A Model, called 'Entity-Roles' is proposed in this paper in which the world of Interest is viewed as some mathematical structure. With respect to this structure, a First order (three-valued) Logic Language is ...A Model, called 'Entity-Roles' is proposed in this paper in which the world of Interest is viewed as some mathematical structure. With respect to this structure, a First order (three-valued) Logic Language is constructured.Any world to be modelled can be logically specified in this Language. The integrity constraints on the database and the deducing rules within the Database world are derived from the proper axioms of the world being modelled.展开更多
Modern satellite propulsion systems are generally designed to fulfill multiphase-missions.Traditional reliability modelling methods have problems of inadequate depict capacity considering complex systems such as satel...Modern satellite propulsion systems are generally designed to fulfill multiphase-missions.Traditional reliability modelling methods have problems of inadequate depict capacity considering complex systems such as satellite propulsion system.An extended object-oriented Petri net(EOOPN)method was proposed to facilitate the reliability modelling of satellite propulsion system in the paper.The proposed method was specified for modelling of phased mission system,and it could be implemented by generating combination of Petri net(PN)principles and object-oriented(OO)programming.The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated through the reliability modelling of a satellite propulsion system with EOOPN.The major advantage of the proposed method is that the dimension of net model can be reduced significantly,and phased mission system at system,phase,or component levels can be respectively depicted.Furthermore,the state-space explosion problem is solved by the proposed EOOPN model efficiently.展开更多
In recent years, mobile devices have become widespread and refined, and they have offered increased convenience in human life. For these reasons, a variety of embedded systems have been designed. Therefore, improving ...In recent years, mobile devices have become widespread and refined, and they have offered increased convenience in human life. For these reasons, a variety of embedded systems have been designed. Therefore, improving methods for developing of embedded software systematically has become an important issue. Platform-based design is one example of an embedded-system design method that can reduce the design cost via improving a design’s abstraction level. However, platform-based design lacks precise definitions for platforms and design processes. This paper provides an approach that combines the aspects and platform-based design methods for developing embedded software. The approach is built on platform-based design methodology and uses the separating of concerns (SoC) concept to define the aspects and to reduce the crosscutting concerns in embedded system modeling. For aspect issues, we use the extended UML notation with aspects to describe both the static structure and the dynamic structure of the embedded system. We used an example of a digital photo frame system to demonstrate our approach.展开更多
An object oriented data modelling in computer aided design (CAD) databases is focused. Starting with the discussion of data modelling requirements for CAD applications, appropriate data modelling features are introdu...An object oriented data modelling in computer aided design (CAD) databases is focused. Starting with the discussion of data modelling requirements for CAD applications, appropriate data modelling features are introduced herewith. A feasible approach to select the “best” data model for an application is to analyze the data which has to be stored in the database. A data model is appropriate for modelling a given task if the information of the application environment can be easily mapped to the data model. Thus, the involved data are analyzed and then object oriented data model appropriate for CAD applications are derived. Based on the reviewed object oriented techniques applied in CAD, object oriented data modelling in CAD is addressed in details. At last 3D geometrical data models and implementation of their data model using the object oriented method are presented.展开更多
Height–diameter relationships are essential elements of forest assessment and modeling efforts.In this work,two linear and eighteen nonlinear height–diameter equations were evaluated to find a local model for Orient...Height–diameter relationships are essential elements of forest assessment and modeling efforts.In this work,two linear and eighteen nonlinear height–diameter equations were evaluated to find a local model for Oriental beech（Fagus orientalis Lipsky） in the Hyrcanian Forest in Iran.The predictive performance of these models was first assessed by different evaluation criteria： adjusted R^2（R^2_（adj））,root mean square error（RMSE）,relative RMSE（%RMSE）,bias,and relative bias（%bias） criteria.The best model was selected for use as the base mixed-effects model.Random parameters for test plots were estimated with different tree selection options.Results show that the Chapman–Richards model had better predictive ability in terms of adj R^2（0.81）,RMSE（3.7 m）,%RMSE（12.9）,bias（0.8）,%Bias（2.79） than the other models.Furthermore,the calibration response,based on a selection of four trees from the sample plots,resulted in a reduction percentage for bias and RMSE of about 1.6–2.7%.Our results indicate that the calibrated model produced the most accurate results.展开更多
Model transformation is one of the prominent features and the rising research area of Model Driven Engineering (MDE). MDE promotes models to primary artifacts that drive the whole development process. This paper prese...Model transformation is one of the prominent features and the rising research area of Model Driven Engineering (MDE). MDE promotes models to primary artifacts that drive the whole development process. This paper presents the model transformation approach for textual model oriented programs Umple (UML Programming Language) to generate android applications (apps). The proposed approach improved the generation of android source code by using Drools transformation rules and introducing new concern in model driven mobile engineering. The major objective of proposed transformation approach intends to address consistency between source and target model and also intends to handle productivity issues in model driven software development. The main results of model transformation approach are Java class for model layer, XML file for view layer and android activity class for controller layer. Results show that proposed approach achieves high consistency between source and target model and also improves model transformation productivity.展开更多
The serious competition environment of global marke t requests the enterprise to change traditional product development strategy and a dopt new theory in order to meet diverse customer needs while maintaining near m a...The serious competition environment of global marke t requests the enterprise to change traditional product development strategy and a dopt new theory in order to meet diverse customer needs while maintaining near m ass production efficiency, which is the main philosophy of mass customization. P roduct family design is research focus at present and also is the core technolog y of DFMC (design for mass customization). Firstly, this paper explores the fund amental issues of product family, such as concepts of modularity, commonality/di versity, product platform and product family architecture etc. We compare the te rminology between product family and object-oriented approach in the next step. Thirdly, this paper puts forwards one product family design methodology based o n product platform and under different phase of product life cycle constrains, f or example, functional, assembly and service etc. At the end section of this pap er, we applied, the object-oriented approach in above mentioned product family design methodology to realize the design process. In one word, this paper propos ed one product family design methodology based on object oriented approach and p roduct life cycle consideration, especially the conjointness of characteristic o f OOA and concepts of product family. The main property of OOA are encapsulation , inherence and polymorphism. Encapsulation can represent the module or building blocks of product family. Inherence can be extended to describe the modularity and commonality, and also be used to construct variant space. Alternative specif ic of product family architecture can be embodied with polymorphism. And fin aly, we give the future work contents. In order to derive the product platform a nd achieve modularity and commonality/diversity, interface management between bu ilding block is necessary. The question is how the OOA can be applied in interfa ce management to get our aim OOA is the basis of many information management sy stem, then the question is how to build one system to manage the information of product family and support mass customization The third question is how to deve lop one computer aided tool to facilitate the application of OOA for product fam ily design, even be used to category of design for mass customization.展开更多
Product information model for welding structure plays an important role for the integration of welding CAD/CAPP/CAM. However, existing CAD modeling systems are not capable of providing enough information for subsequen...Product information model for welding structure plays an important role for the integration of welding CAD/CAPP/CAM. However, existing CAD modeling systems are not capable of providing enough information for subsequent manufacturing activities such as CAPP and CAM. A new design approach using feature technique and object oriented programming method is put forward in this paper in order to create the product information model of welding structure. With this approach, the product information model is able to effectively support computer aided welding process planning, fixturing, assembling, path planning of welding robot and other manufacturing activities. The feature classification and representing scheme of welding structure are discussed. A prototype system is developed based on feature and object oriented programming. Its structure and functions are given in detail.展开更多
基金Research on the Path of Digital Empowerment for the Construction of Ideological and Political Education in Foreign Language Courses in Application-Oriented Undergraduate Universities(Project No.:cqgj23173C)Key University-Level Teaching Reform Project of 2024 of Chongqing Yitong University,“Exploration and Practice of the AVIVA Teaching Model in German Courses of Application-Oriented Universities from the Perspective of Ideological and Political Education in Courses”(Project No.:24JG209)。
文摘Ideological and political education in courses is an important task of higher education in the new era.As a crucial part of higher education,foreign language teaching needs to actively explore effective integration with ideological and political education in courses.The AVIVA teaching model,a student-centered teaching model,provides new ideas for foreign language teaching.Based on an analysis of the current situation of foreign language courses in application-oriented universities,this article discusses the application strategies of the AVIVA teaching model from the perspective of ideological and political education in courses.Through specific teaching practice cases,it demonstrates the effectiveness of this model in improving students’foreign language proficiency and ideological and political literacy,providing a reference for the reform of foreign language teaching in application-oriented universities.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(995107017)
文摘To improve the reusable and configurable ability of computer numerical control ( CNC ) software, a new method to construct reusable model of CNC software with object-oriented (OO) technology is proposed. Based on analyzing function of CNC software, the article presents how to construct a general class library of CNC software with OO technology. Most function modules of CNC software can he reused because of inheritable capability of classes. Besides, the article analyzes the object relational model in request/report mode, and multitask concurrent management model, which can he applied on double-CPU hardware platform and Windows 95/NT environment. Finally, the method has been successfully applied on a turning CNC system and a milling CNC system, and some function modules have been reused.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60873003)
文摘Recently automotive nets are adopted to solve increasing problems in automotive electronic systems.Technologies of automotive local area network from CAN and LIN can solve the problems of the increasing of wire bunch weight and lack in module installation space.However,the multilayer automotive nets software becomes more and more complex,and the development expense is difficult to predict and to keep in check.In this paper,the modeling method of hierarchical automotive nets and the substitution operation based on object-oriented colored Petri net(OOCPN) are proposed.The OOCPN model which analyzes the software structure and validates the collision mechanism of CAN/LIN bus can speed the automobile system development.First,the subsystems are divided and modeled by object-oriented Petri net(OOPN).According to the sets of message sharing relations,the message ports among them are set and the communication gate transitions are defined.Second,the OOPN model is substituted step by step until the inner objects in the automotive body control modules(BCM) are indivisible and colored by colored Petri net(CPN).And the color subsets mark the node messages for the collision mechanism.Third,the OOCPN model of the automotive body CAN/LIN nets is assembled,which keeps the message sets and the system can be expanded.The proposed model is used to analyze features of information sharing among the objects,and it is also used to describe each subsystem real-time behavior of processing messages and implemental device controllers operating,and puts forward a reasonable software framework for the automotive body control subsystem.The research can help to design the communication model in the automotive body system effectively and provide a convenient and rapid way for developing the logical hierarchy software.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50085003).
文摘Object-oriented Petri nets (OPNs) is extended into stochastic object-oriented Petri nets (SOPNs) by associating the OPN of an object with stochastic transitions and introducing stochastic places. The stochastic transition of the SOPNs of a production resources can be used to model its reliability, while the SOPN of a production resource can describe its performance with reliability considered. The SOPN model of a case production system is built to illustrate the relationship between the system's performances and the failures of individual production resources.
文摘Automated operation and artificial intelligence technology have become essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and punctuality of railways, with applications such as ATO (Automatic Train Operation). In this study, the authors propose a method to efficiently simulate the kinematic characteristics of railroad vehicles depending on their speed zone. They utilized the function overloading function supported by a programming language and applied the fourth-order Lunge-Kutta method for dynamic simulation. By constructing an object model, the authors calculated vehicle characteristics and TPS and compared them with actual values, verifying that the developed model represents the real-life vehicle characteristics accurately. The study highlights potential improvements in automated driving and energy consumption optimization in the railway industry.
文摘Virtual assembly is a Virtual Reality (VR) based engineering application which allows engineers to evaluate, analyze, and plan the assembly of mechanical systems. To model the virtual assembly process, new methodology must be applied. Based on the idea that the virtual assembly system is an event driven system, the interactive behavior and information model is proposed to describe the dynamic process of virtual assembly. Definition of the object-oriented model of virtual assembly is put forward.
文摘Object-oriented programming divides the crop production into subsystems and simulates their behaviors. Many classes were designed to simulate the behaviors of different parts or different physiological processes in crop production system. At the same time, many classes have to be employed for bettering user's interface. But how to manage these classes on a higher level to cooperate them into a perfect system is another problem to study. The Rice Growth Models (RGM) system represents an effort to define and implement a framework to manage these classes. In RGM system, the classes were organized into the model-document-view architecture to separate the domain models, data management and user interface. A single document with multiple views interface frame window was adopted in RGM. In the architectures, the simulation models only exchange data with documents while documents act as intermediacies between simulation models and interfaces. Views get data from documents and show the results to users. The classes for the different functions can be grouped into different architectures. Different architectures communicate with each other through documents. The classes for the different functions can be grouped into different architectures. By using the architecture, communication between classes is more efficient. Modeler can add classes in architectures or other architectures to extend the system without having to change system structure, which is useful for construction and maintenance of agricultural system models.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2011CB706502)
文摘Modelica-based object-orient method is proved to be rapid, accurate and easy to modify, which is suitable for prototype modeling and simulation of rotor system, whose parameters need to be modified frequently. Classical non-object-orient method appears to be inefficient because the code is difficult to modify and reuse. An adequate library for object-orient modeling of rotor system with multi-faults is established, a comparison with non-object-orient method on Jeffcott rotor system and a case study on turbo expander with multi-faults are implemented. The relative tolerance between object-orient method and non-object-orient is less than 0.03%, which proves that these two methods are as accurate as each other. Object-orient modeling and simulation is implemented on turbo expander with crack, rub-impact, pedestal looseness and multi-faults simultaneously. It can be conclude from the case study that when acting on compress side of turbo expander separately, expand wheel is not influenced greatly by crack fault, the existence of rub-impact fault forces expand wheel into quasi-periodic motion and the orbit of expand wheel is deformed and enhanced almost 1.5 times due to pedestal looseness. When acting simultaneously, multi-faults cannot be totally decomposed but can be diagnosed from the feature of vibration. Object-orient method can enhance the efficiency of modeling and simulation of rotor system with multi-faults, which provides an efficient method on prototype modeling and simulation.
文摘Structural development defects essentially refer to code structure that violates object-oriented design principles. They make program maintenance challenging and deteriorate software quality over time. Various detection approaches, ranging from traditional heuristic algorithms to machine learning methods, are used to identify these defects. Ensemble learning methods have strengthened the detection of these defects. However, existing approaches do not simultaneously exploit the capabilities of extracting relevant features from pre-trained models and the performance of neural networks for the classification task. Therefore, our goal has been to design a model that combines a pre-trained model to extract relevant features from code excerpts through transfer learning and a bagging method with a base estimator, a dense neural network, for defect classification. To achieve this, we composed multiple samples of the same size with replacements from the imbalanced dataset MLCQ1. For all the samples, we used the CodeT5-small variant to extract features and trained a bagging method with the neural network Roberta Classification Head to classify defects based on these features. We then compared this model to RandomForest, one of the ensemble methods that yields good results. Our experiments showed that the number of base estimators to use for bagging depends on the defect to be detected. Next, we observed that it was not necessary to use a data balancing technique with our model when the imbalance rate was 23%. Finally, for blob detection, RandomForest had a median MCC value of 0.36 compared to 0.12 for our method. However, our method was predominant in Long Method detection with a median MCC value of 0.53 compared to 0.42 for RandomForest. These results suggest that the performance of ensemble methods in detecting structural development defects is dependent on specific defects.
文摘This article contains a system conversion from object oriented design into Software Product Line (SPL) using delta modeling of Abstract Behavioral Specification (ABS). ABS is a modeling language which targets system with high level of variety and supports SPL development with delta modeling. The case study of this thesis is a digital library system called Library Automation and Digital Archive (LONTAR). Originally, LONTAR only uses SOAP-based web service. With ABS, LONTAR will be converted into SPL and implement another web service called REST. The motivation of this conversion of LONTAR from object oriented into SPL is because it is easier to develop system with ABS than using regular object oriented. Product definition in ABS is relatively easier than creating a new subclass and do customization to make it works well.
文摘The Object-Attribute-Relationship(OAR)model provides a single model tocapture data structure,behavior properties and knowledge rules in the CAPP application.This paper focuses on how to integrate a variety of different knowledge rules into the OARmodel and how to form transactions against the data structure with these rules in order toimplement intelligent process planning for designed components.The mapping from theOAR to Smalltalk can be directly carried out.It makes the implementation an entirely Ob-ject-Oriented approach.
文摘The Service ORiented Computing EnviRonment (SORCER) targets service abstractions for transdisciplinary complexity with support for heterogeneous service-oriented (SO) computing. SORCER's models are expressed in a top-down Var-oriented Modeling Language (VML) unified with programs in a bottoms-up Exertion-Oriented Language (EOL). In this paper the introduction to mogramming (modeling and programing), which uses both languages, is described. First, the emphasis is on modeling with service variables that allow for computational fidelity within VML. Then, seven types of service providers, both local and distributed, are described to form collaborative federations described in EOL. Finally, the unified hybrid of SO modeling and SO programming is presented. Fourteen simple mogramming examples illustrate the syntax and usage of both VML and EOL.
文摘A Model, called 'Entity-Roles' is proposed in this paper in which the world of Interest is viewed as some mathematical structure. With respect to this structure, a First order (three-valued) Logic Language is constructured.Any world to be modelled can be logically specified in this Language. The integrity constraints on the database and the deducing rules within the Database world are derived from the proper axioms of the world being modelled.
文摘Modern satellite propulsion systems are generally designed to fulfill multiphase-missions.Traditional reliability modelling methods have problems of inadequate depict capacity considering complex systems such as satellite propulsion system.An extended object-oriented Petri net(EOOPN)method was proposed to facilitate the reliability modelling of satellite propulsion system in the paper.The proposed method was specified for modelling of phased mission system,and it could be implemented by generating combination of Petri net(PN)principles and object-oriented(OO)programming.The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated through the reliability modelling of a satellite propulsion system with EOOPN.The major advantage of the proposed method is that the dimension of net model can be reduced significantly,and phased mission system at system,phase,or component levels can be respectively depicted.Furthermore,the state-space explosion problem is solved by the proposed EOOPN model efficiently.
文摘In recent years, mobile devices have become widespread and refined, and they have offered increased convenience in human life. For these reasons, a variety of embedded systems have been designed. Therefore, improving methods for developing of embedded software systematically has become an important issue. Platform-based design is one example of an embedded-system design method that can reduce the design cost via improving a design’s abstraction level. However, platform-based design lacks precise definitions for platforms and design processes. This paper provides an approach that combines the aspects and platform-based design methods for developing embedded software. The approach is built on platform-based design methodology and uses the separating of concerns (SoC) concept to define the aspects and to reduce the crosscutting concerns in embedded system modeling. For aspect issues, we use the extended UML notation with aspects to describe both the static structure and the dynamic structure of the embedded system. We used an example of a digital photo frame system to demonstrate our approach.
文摘An object oriented data modelling in computer aided design (CAD) databases is focused. Starting with the discussion of data modelling requirements for CAD applications, appropriate data modelling features are introduced herewith. A feasible approach to select the “best” data model for an application is to analyze the data which has to be stored in the database. A data model is appropriate for modelling a given task if the information of the application environment can be easily mapped to the data model. Thus, the involved data are analyzed and then object oriented data model appropriate for CAD applications are derived. Based on the reviewed object oriented techniques applied in CAD, object oriented data modelling in CAD is addressed in details. At last 3D geometrical data models and implementation of their data model using the object oriented method are presented.
基金This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors
文摘Height–diameter relationships are essential elements of forest assessment and modeling efforts.In this work,two linear and eighteen nonlinear height–diameter equations were evaluated to find a local model for Oriental beech（Fagus orientalis Lipsky） in the Hyrcanian Forest in Iran.The predictive performance of these models was first assessed by different evaluation criteria： adjusted R^2（R^2_（adj））,root mean square error（RMSE）,relative RMSE（%RMSE）,bias,and relative bias（%bias） criteria.The best model was selected for use as the base mixed-effects model.Random parameters for test plots were estimated with different tree selection options.Results show that the Chapman–Richards model had better predictive ability in terms of adj R^2（0.81）,RMSE（3.7 m）,%RMSE（12.9）,bias（0.8）,%Bias（2.79） than the other models.Furthermore,the calibration response,based on a selection of four trees from the sample plots,resulted in a reduction percentage for bias and RMSE of about 1.6–2.7%.Our results indicate that the calibrated model produced the most accurate results.
文摘Model transformation is one of the prominent features and the rising research area of Model Driven Engineering (MDE). MDE promotes models to primary artifacts that drive the whole development process. This paper presents the model transformation approach for textual model oriented programs Umple (UML Programming Language) to generate android applications (apps). The proposed approach improved the generation of android source code by using Drools transformation rules and introducing new concern in model driven mobile engineering. The major objective of proposed transformation approach intends to address consistency between source and target model and also intends to handle productivity issues in model driven software development. The main results of model transformation approach are Java class for model layer, XML file for view layer and android activity class for controller layer. Results show that proposed approach achieves high consistency between source and target model and also improves model transformation productivity.
文摘The serious competition environment of global marke t requests the enterprise to change traditional product development strategy and a dopt new theory in order to meet diverse customer needs while maintaining near m ass production efficiency, which is the main philosophy of mass customization. P roduct family design is research focus at present and also is the core technolog y of DFMC (design for mass customization). Firstly, this paper explores the fund amental issues of product family, such as concepts of modularity, commonality/di versity, product platform and product family architecture etc. We compare the te rminology between product family and object-oriented approach in the next step. Thirdly, this paper puts forwards one product family design methodology based o n product platform and under different phase of product life cycle constrains, f or example, functional, assembly and service etc. At the end section of this pap er, we applied, the object-oriented approach in above mentioned product family design methodology to realize the design process. In one word, this paper propos ed one product family design methodology based on object oriented approach and p roduct life cycle consideration, especially the conjointness of characteristic o f OOA and concepts of product family. The main property of OOA are encapsulation , inherence and polymorphism. Encapsulation can represent the module or building blocks of product family. Inherence can be extended to describe the modularity and commonality, and also be used to construct variant space. Alternative specif ic of product family architecture can be embodied with polymorphism. And fin aly, we give the future work contents. In order to derive the product platform a nd achieve modularity and commonality/diversity, interface management between bu ilding block is necessary. The question is how the OOA can be applied in interfa ce management to get our aim OOA is the basis of many information management sy stem, then the question is how to build one system to manage the information of product family and support mass customization The third question is how to deve lop one computer aided tool to facilitate the application of OOA for product fam ily design, even be used to category of design for mass customization.
文摘Product information model for welding structure plays an important role for the integration of welding CAD/CAPP/CAM. However, existing CAD modeling systems are not capable of providing enough information for subsequent manufacturing activities such as CAPP and CAM. A new design approach using feature technique and object oriented programming method is put forward in this paper in order to create the product information model of welding structure. With this approach, the product information model is able to effectively support computer aided welding process planning, fixturing, assembling, path planning of welding robot and other manufacturing activities. The feature classification and representing scheme of welding structure are discussed. A prototype system is developed based on feature and object oriented programming. Its structure and functions are given in detail.
