Precisely estimating the state of health(SOH)of lithium-ion batteries is essential for battery management systems(BMS),as it plays a key role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery systems.However,curr...Precisely estimating the state of health(SOH)of lithium-ion batteries is essential for battery management systems(BMS),as it plays a key role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery systems.However,current SOH estimation methods often overlook the valuable temperature information that can effectively characterize battery aging during capacity degradation.Additionally,the Elman neural network,which is commonly employed for SOH estimation,exhibits several drawbacks,including slow training speed,a tendency to become trapped in local minima,and the initialization of weights and thresholds using pseudo-random numbers,leading to unstable model performance.To address these issues,this study addresses the challenge of precise and effective SOH detection by proposing a method for estimating the SOH of lithium-ion batteries based on differential thermal voltammetry(DTV)and an SSA-Elman neural network.Firstly,two health features(HFs)considering temperature factors and battery voltage are extracted fromthe differential thermal voltammetry curves and incremental capacity curves.Next,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is employed to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the Elman neural network,forming the SSA-Elman neural network model.To validate the performance,various neural networks,including the proposed SSA-Elman network,are tested using the Oxford battery aging dataset.The experimental results demonstrate that the method developed in this study achieves superior accuracy and robustness,with a mean absolute error(MAE)of less than 0.9%and a rootmean square error(RMSE)below 1.4%.展开更多
Implementing quantum wireless multi-hop network communication is essential to improve the global quantum network system. In this paper, we employ eight-level GHZ states as quantum channels to realize multi-hop quantum...Implementing quantum wireless multi-hop network communication is essential to improve the global quantum network system. In this paper, we employ eight-level GHZ states as quantum channels to realize multi-hop quantum communication, and utilize the logical relationship between the measurements of each node to derive the unitary operation performed by the end node. The hierarchical simultaneous entanglement switching(HSES) method is adopted, resulting in a significant reduction in the consumption of classical information compared to multi-hop quantum teleportation(QT)based on general simultaneous entanglement switching(SES). In addition, the proposed protocol is simulated on the IBM Quantum Experiment platform(IBM QE). Then, the data obtained from the experiment are analyzed using quantum state tomography, which verifies the protocol's good fidelity and accuracy. Finally, by calculating fidelity, we analyze the impact of four different types of noise(phase-damping, amplitude-damping, phase-flip and bit-flip) in this protocol.展开更多
In both Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and modern medicine,they agree that the integrity and healthy structure of the vascular endothelium are essential for normal hemodynamics.Damage to the vascular endothelium can...In both Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and modern medicine,they agree that the integrity and healthy structure of the vascular endothelium are essential for normal hemodynamics.Damage to the vascular endothelium can quickly activate the extrinsic coagulation pathway by triggering the tissue factor(TF)and lead to coagulation.This damage,along with a loss of anticoagulant properties through antithrombinⅢ(ATⅢ),TF pathway inhibitors,and the protein C system,can result in a hypercoagulable state and even thrombosis.Hypercoagulability is not only a common feature of many cancers but also an important factor promoting tumor development and metastasis,which corresponds to the TCM theory of“blood stasis leading to tumors.”The pharmacological effects of heparin and aspirin have similarities with TCM's“activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis”theory in improving blood circulation,treating related diseases,and their anti-inflammatory effects.展开更多
To maintain the reliability of power systems,routine inspections using drones equipped with advanced object detection algorithms are essential for preempting power-related issues.The increasing resolution of drone-cap...To maintain the reliability of power systems,routine inspections using drones equipped with advanced object detection algorithms are essential for preempting power-related issues.The increasing resolution of drone-captured images has posed a challenge for traditional target detection methods,especially in identifying small objects in high-resolution images.This study presents an enhanced object detection algorithm based on the Faster Regionbased Convolutional Neural Network(Faster R-CNN)framework,specifically tailored for detecting small-scale electrical components like insulators,shock hammers,and screws in transmission line.The algorithm features an improved backbone network for Faster R-CNN,which significantly boosts the feature extraction network’s ability to detect fine details.The Region Proposal Network is optimized using a method of guided feature refinement(GFR),which achieves a balance between accuracy and speed.The incorporation of Generalized Intersection over Union(GIOU)and Region of Interest(ROI)Align further refines themodel’s accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate a notable improvement in mean Average Precision,reaching 89.3%,an 11.1%increase compared to the standard Faster R-CNN.This highlights the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in identifying electrical components in high-resolution aerial images.展开更多
An internal state variable(ISV)model was established according to the experimental results of hot plane strain compression(PSC)to predict the microstructure evolution during hot spinning of ZK61 alloy.The effects of t...An internal state variable(ISV)model was established according to the experimental results of hot plane strain compression(PSC)to predict the microstructure evolution during hot spinning of ZK61 alloy.The effects of the internal variables were considered in this ISV model,and the parameters were optimized by genetic algorithm.After validation,the ISV model was used to simulate the evolution of grain size(GS)and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)fraction during hot spinning via Abaqus and its subroutine Vumat.By comparing the simulated results with the experimental results,the application of the ISV model was proven to be reliable.Meanwhile,the strength of the thin-walled spun ZK61 tube increased from 303 to 334 MPa due to grain refinement by DRX and texture strengthening.Besides,some ultrafine grains(0.5μm)that played an important role in mechanical properties were formed due to the proliferation,movement,and entanglement of dislocations during the spinning process.展开更多
The gears of new energy vehicles are required to withstand higher rotational speeds and greater loads,which puts forward higher precision essentials for gear manufacturing.However,machining process parameters can caus...The gears of new energy vehicles are required to withstand higher rotational speeds and greater loads,which puts forward higher precision essentials for gear manufacturing.However,machining process parameters can cause changes in cutting force/heat,resulting in affecting gear machining precision.Therefore,this paper studies the effect of different process parameters on gear machining precision.A multi-objective optimization model is established for the relationship between process parameters and tooth surface deviations,tooth profile deviations,and tooth lead deviations through the cutting speed,feed rate,and cutting depth of the worm wheel gear grinding machine.The response surface method(RSM)is used for experimental design,and the corresponding experimental results and optimal process parameters are obtained.Subsequently,gray relational analysis-principal component analysis(GRA-PCA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization(GA-PSO)methods are used to analyze the experimental results and obtain different optimal process parameters.The results show that optimal process parameters obtained by the GRA-PCA,PSO,and GA-PSO methods improve the gear machining precision.Moreover,the gear machining precision obtained by GA-PSO is superior to other methods.展开更多
Augmented reality(AR)is an emerging dynamic technology that effectively supports education across different levels.The increased use of mobile devices has an even greater impact.As the demand for AR applications in ed...Augmented reality(AR)is an emerging dynamic technology that effectively supports education across different levels.The increased use of mobile devices has an even greater impact.As the demand for AR applications in education continues to increase,educators actively seek innovative and immersive methods to engage students in learning.However,exploring these possibilities also entails identifying and overcoming existing barriers to optimal educational integration.Concurrently,this surge in demand has prompted the identification of specific barriers,one of which is three-dimensional(3D)modeling.Creating 3D objects for augmented reality education applications can be challenging and time-consuming for the educators.To address this,we have developed a pipeline that creates realistic 3D objects from the two-dimensional(2D)photograph.Applications for augmented and virtual reality can then utilize these created 3D objects.We evaluated the proposed pipeline based on the usability of the 3D object and performance metrics.Quantitatively,with 117 respondents,the co-creation team was surveyed with openended questions to evaluate the precision of the 3D object created by the proposed photogrammetry pipeline.We analyzed the survey data using descriptive-analytical methods and found that the proposed pipeline produces 3D models that are positively accurate when compared to real-world objects,with an average mean score above 8.This study adds new knowledge in creating 3D objects for augmented reality applications by using the photogrammetry technique;finally,it discusses potential problems and future research directions for 3D objects in the education sector.展开更多
1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-...1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-sized particles(5-50μm)to fabricate coatings[1-3].CS has been extensively used in a variety of coating applications,such as aerospace,automotive,energy,medical,marine,and others,to provide protection against high temperatures,corrosion,erosion,oxidation,and chemicals[4,5].Nowadays,the technical interest in CS is twofold:(i)as a repair process for damaged components,and(ii)as a solid-state additive manufacturing process.Compared to other fusion-based additive manufacturing(AM)technologies,Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing(CSAM)is a new member of the AM family that can enable the fabrication of deposits without undergoing melting.The chemical composition has been largely preserved from the powder to the deposit due to the minimal oxidation.The significant advantages of CSAM over other additive manufacturing processes include a high production rate,unlimited deposition size,high flexibility,and suitability for repairing damaged parts.展开更多
The effects of plasma screening on the ^(1)P^(o) resonance states of H-and He below the n=3 and n=4 thresholds of the respective subsystemsare investigated using the stabilization method and correlated exponential wav...The effects of plasma screening on the ^(1)P^(o) resonance states of H-and He below the n=3 and n=4 thresholds of the respective subsystemsare investigated using the stabilization method and correlated exponential wave functions.Two plasma mediums,namely,the Debye plasma and quantum plasma environments are considered.The screened Coulomb potential(SCP)obtained from Debye-Hückel model is used to represent Debye plasma environments and the exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential(ECSCP)obtained from a modified Debye-Hückel model is used to represent quantum plasma environments.The resonance parameters(resonance positions and widths)are presented in terms of the screening parameters.展开更多
This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and stru...This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and structural response of the platform are studied,considering the actual platform motion and free surface rise under extreme sea states.First,the effects of the wave frequency and direction on the wave-induced loads and dynamic responses were examined.The motion at a wave direction angle of 0°is relatively low.On this basis,the angle constrained by the two sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters should be aligned with the main wave direction to avoid significant platform motion under extreme sea states.Additionally,the structural response of the platform,including the wave-absorbing floaters,is investigated.The results highlighted that the conditions or locations where yielding,buckling,and fatigue failures occur were different.In this context,the connection area of the Sharp Eagle floaters and platform is prone to yielding failure under oblique wave action,whereas the pontoon and side of the Sharp Eagle floaters are prone to buckling failure during significant vertical motion.Additionally,fatigue damage is most likely to occur at the connection between the middle column on both sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters and the pontoons.The findings of this paper revealed an intrinsic connection between wave-induced loads and the dynamic and structural responses of the platform,which provides a useful reference for the improved design of WECs.展开更多
The subcortical visual pathway is generally thought to be involved in dangerous information processing,such as fear processing and defensive behavior.A recent study,published in Human Brain Mapping,shows a new functio...The subcortical visual pathway is generally thought to be involved in dangerous information processing,such as fear processing and defensive behavior.A recent study,published in Human Brain Mapping,shows a new function of the subcortical pathway involved in the fast processing of non-emotional object perception.Rapid object processing is a critical function of visual system.Topological perception theory proposes that the initial perception of objects begins with the extraction of topological property(TP).However,the mechanism of rapid TP processing remains unclear.The researchers investigated the subcortical mechanism of TP processing with transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).They find that a subcortical magnocellular pathway is responsible for the early processing of TP,and this subcortical processing of TP accelerates object recognition.Based on their findings,we propose a novel training approach called subcortical magnocellular pathway training(SMPT),aimed at improving the efficiency of the subcortical M pathway to restore visual and attentional functions in disorders associated with subcortical pathway dysfunction.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter focuses on the fact that small objects with few pixels disappear in feature maps with large receptive fields, as the network deepens, in object detection tasks. Therefore, the detection of dens...Dear Editor,This letter focuses on the fact that small objects with few pixels disappear in feature maps with large receptive fields, as the network deepens, in object detection tasks. Therefore, the detection of dense small objects is challenging.展开更多
Background: Undergoing ultrasound scanning (USS) during the first trimester of pregnancy is highly imperative for expecting mothers, as it supports the early detection of any malformations, identifying the fetal numbe...Background: Undergoing ultrasound scanning (USS) during the first trimester of pregnancy is highly imperative for expecting mothers, as it supports the early detection of any malformations, identifying the fetal number, fetal growth, fetal sex, and calculation of delivery. Previous studies have shown that undergoing such prenatal screening procedures could reduce the antenatal anxiety levels of expectant mothers. The present study aimed to explore the impact of first-trimester ultrasound scanning towards the antenatal anxiety and identify the predictors of antenatal anxiety among expectant mothers in the first trimester. Methods: A repeated measure design study was conducted in Maternity Clinics of University Hospital KDU, Ninewells Care Hospital and Navy General Hospital over 4 months with one hundred and fifteen (n = 115) expectant mothers. Participants completed a general information sheet first and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Spielberger et al., 1970) was administered before and after undergoing the USS. Results: Mean age of the participants was 28.84 ± 3.68. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test showed that there is a significant reduction of participants’ antenatal anxiety levels following the USS z = −5.658, p Conclusions: Findings suggest that undergoing the first trimester USS significantly reduces the antenatal state anxiety and partner’s support is an important factor in reducing the antenatal anxiety experienced by expectant mothers in the first trimester. Future studies can focus on how USS can contribute to alleviating antenatal anxiety in second and third trimesters.展开更多
Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enh...Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enhance their advantages and maximize their performance.This study presents a design for a dielectric metasurface that achieves dual-band BICs in the terahertz(THz)range.By adjusting two asym-metry parameters of the structure,independent control of the two symmetry-protected BICs is achieved.Fur-thermore,by varying the shape of the silicon holes,the design's robustness to geometric variations is demon-strated.Finally,the test results show that the figures of merit(FOMs)for both BICs reach 109.This work provides a new approach for realizing and tuning dual-frequency BICs,offering expanded possibilities for applications in multimode lasers,nonlinear optics,multi-channel filtering,and optical sensing.展开更多
To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,a...To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.展开更多
Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three...Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three important states(the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state,the maximal spin squeezed state,and the spin coherent state)of a spin-S under both individual dephasing and collective dephasing by general Gaussian noise,ranging from the Markovian limit to the extreme non-Markovian limit.Whether or not the noise is Markovian,the spin coherent state is always worse than the classical scheme under collective dephasing although it is equivalent to the classical scheme under individual dephasing.Moreover,the maximal spin squeezed state always give the best sensing precision(and outperforms the widely studied GHZ state)in all cases.This establishes the general advantage of the spin squeezed state for noisy frequency estimation in many quantum sensing platforms.展开更多
Drone-based small object detection is of great significance in practical applications such as military actions, disaster rescue, transportation, etc. However, the severe scale differences in objects captured by drones...Drone-based small object detection is of great significance in practical applications such as military actions, disaster rescue, transportation, etc. However, the severe scale differences in objects captured by drones and lack of detail information for small-scale objects make drone-based small object detection a formidable challenge. To address these issues, we first develop a mathematical model to explore how changing receptive fields impacts the polynomial fitting results. Subsequently, based on the obtained conclusions, we propose a simple but effective Hybrid Receptive Field Network (HRFNet), whose modules include Hybrid Feature Augmentation (HFA), Hybrid Feature Pyramid (HFP) and Dual Scale Head (DSH). Specifically, HFA employs parallel dilated convolution kernels of different sizes to extend shallow features with different receptive fields, committed to improving the multi-scale adaptability of the network;HFP enhances the perception of small objects by capturing contextual information across layers, while DSH reconstructs the original prediction head utilizing a set of high-resolution features and ultrahigh-resolution features. In addition, in order to train HRFNet, the corresponding dual-scale loss function is designed. Finally, comprehensive evaluation results on public benchmarks such as VisDrone-DET and TinyPerson demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. Most impressively, the proposed HRFNet achieves a mAP of 51.0 on VisDrone-DET with 29.3 M parameters, which outperforms the extant state-of-the-art detectors. HRFNet also performs excellently in complex scenarios captured by drones, achieving the best performance on the CS-Drone dataset we built.展开更多
Top-view fisheye cameras are widely used in personnel surveillance for their broad field of view,but their unique imaging characteristics pose challenges like distortion,complex scenes,scale variations,and small objec...Top-view fisheye cameras are widely used in personnel surveillance for their broad field of view,but their unique imaging characteristics pose challenges like distortion,complex scenes,scale variations,and small objects near image edges.To tackle these,we proposed peripheral focus you only look once(PF-YOLO),an enhanced YOLOv8n-based method.Firstly,we introduced a cutting-patch data augmentation strategy to mitigate the problem of insufficient small-object samples in various scenes.Secondly,to enhance the model's focus on small objects near the edges,we designed the peripheral focus loss,which uses dynamic focus coefficients to provide greater gradient gains for these objects,improving their regression accuracy.Finally,we designed the three dimensional(3D)spatial-channel coordinate attention C2f module,enhancing spatial and channel perception,suppressing noise,and improving personnel detection.Experimental results demonstrate that PF-YOLO achieves strong performance on the challenging events for person detection from overhead fisheye images(CEPDTOF)and in-the-wild events for people detection and tracking from overhead fisheye cameras(WEPDTOF)datasets.Compared to the original YOLOv8n model,PFYOLO achieves improvements on CEPDTOF with increases of 2.1%,1.7%and 2.9%in mean average precision 50(mAP 50),mAP 50-95,and tively.On WEPDTOF,PF-YOLO achieves substantial improvements with increases of 31.4%,14.9%,61.1%and 21.0%in 91.2%and 57.2%,respectively.展开更多
The intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulators in the Mn-Bi-Te family,composed of superlattice-like MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/(Bi_(2)Te_(3))_(n)(n=0,1,2,3,...)layered structure,present intriguing states of matter such as...The intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulators in the Mn-Bi-Te family,composed of superlattice-like MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/(Bi_(2)Te_(3))_(n)(n=0,1,2,3,...)layered structure,present intriguing states of matter such as quantum anomalous Hall effect and the axion insulator.However,the surface state gap,which is the prerequisite for the observation of these states,remains elusive.Here by molecular beam epitaxy,we obtain two types of MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films with the exclusive Bi_(2)Te_(3)(BT)or MnBi_(2)Te_(4)(MBT)terminations.By scanning tunneling spectroscopy,the mass terms in the surface states are identified on both surface terminations.Experimental results reveal the existence of a hybridization gap of approximately 23 meV in surface states on the BT termination.This gap comes from the hybridization between the surface states and the spin-split states in the adjacent MBT layer.On the MBT termination,an exchange mass term of about 28±2 meV in surface states is identified by taking magnetic-field-dependent Landau level spectra as well as theoretical simulations.In addition,the mass term varies with the field in the film with a heavy BiMn doping level in the Mn layers.These findings demonstrate the existence of mass terms in surface states on both types of terminations in our epitaxial MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films investigated by local probes.展开更多
This article studies a class of nonlinear Kirchhoff equations with exponential critical growth,trapping potential,and perturbation.Under appropriate assumptions about f and h,the article obtained the existence of norm...This article studies a class of nonlinear Kirchhoff equations with exponential critical growth,trapping potential,and perturbation.Under appropriate assumptions about f and h,the article obtained the existence of normalized positive solutions for this equation via the Trudinger-Moser inequality and variational methods.Moreover,these solutions are also ground state solutions.Additionally,the article also characterized the asymptotic behavior of solutions.The results of this article expand the research of relevant literature.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant(No.51677058).
文摘Precisely estimating the state of health(SOH)of lithium-ion batteries is essential for battery management systems(BMS),as it plays a key role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of battery systems.However,current SOH estimation methods often overlook the valuable temperature information that can effectively characterize battery aging during capacity degradation.Additionally,the Elman neural network,which is commonly employed for SOH estimation,exhibits several drawbacks,including slow training speed,a tendency to become trapped in local minima,and the initialization of weights and thresholds using pseudo-random numbers,leading to unstable model performance.To address these issues,this study addresses the challenge of precise and effective SOH detection by proposing a method for estimating the SOH of lithium-ion batteries based on differential thermal voltammetry(DTV)and an SSA-Elman neural network.Firstly,two health features(HFs)considering temperature factors and battery voltage are extracted fromthe differential thermal voltammetry curves and incremental capacity curves.Next,the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)is employed to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the Elman neural network,forming the SSA-Elman neural network model.To validate the performance,various neural networks,including the proposed SSA-Elman network,are tested using the Oxford battery aging dataset.The experimental results demonstrate that the method developed in this study achieves superior accuracy and robustness,with a mean absolute error(MAE)of less than 0.9%and a rootmean square error(RMSE)below 1.4%.
基金Project supported by the Open Fund of Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology (Grant No. ZKSYS202204)the Talent Introduction Fund of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2021yjrc34)the Scientific Research Fund of Anhui Provincial Education Department (Grant No. KJ2020A0301)。
文摘Implementing quantum wireless multi-hop network communication is essential to improve the global quantum network system. In this paper, we employ eight-level GHZ states as quantum channels to realize multi-hop quantum communication, and utilize the logical relationship between the measurements of each node to derive the unitary operation performed by the end node. The hierarchical simultaneous entanglement switching(HSES) method is adopted, resulting in a significant reduction in the consumption of classical information compared to multi-hop quantum teleportation(QT)based on general simultaneous entanglement switching(SES). In addition, the proposed protocol is simulated on the IBM Quantum Experiment platform(IBM QE). Then, the data obtained from the experiment are analyzed using quantum state tomography, which verifies the protocol's good fidelity and accuracy. Finally, by calculating fidelity, we analyze the impact of four different types of noise(phase-damping, amplitude-damping, phase-flip and bit-flip) in this protocol.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)Youth Guidance Project{Qian Kehe Foundation-[2024]Youth 307}。
文摘In both Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)and modern medicine,they agree that the integrity and healthy structure of the vascular endothelium are essential for normal hemodynamics.Damage to the vascular endothelium can quickly activate the extrinsic coagulation pathway by triggering the tissue factor(TF)and lead to coagulation.This damage,along with a loss of anticoagulant properties through antithrombinⅢ(ATⅢ),TF pathway inhibitors,and the protein C system,can result in a hypercoagulable state and even thrombosis.Hypercoagulability is not only a common feature of many cancers but also an important factor promoting tumor development and metastasis,which corresponds to the TCM theory of“blood stasis leading to tumors.”The pharmacological effects of heparin and aspirin have similarities with TCM's“activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis”theory in improving blood circulation,treating related diseases,and their anti-inflammatory effects.
基金supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan High-Tech Field Project(Grant No.22511100601)for the year 2022 and Technology Development Fund for People’s Livelihood Research(Research on Transmission Line Deep Foundation Pit Environmental Situation Awareness System Based on Multi-Source Data).
文摘To maintain the reliability of power systems,routine inspections using drones equipped with advanced object detection algorithms are essential for preempting power-related issues.The increasing resolution of drone-captured images has posed a challenge for traditional target detection methods,especially in identifying small objects in high-resolution images.This study presents an enhanced object detection algorithm based on the Faster Regionbased Convolutional Neural Network(Faster R-CNN)framework,specifically tailored for detecting small-scale electrical components like insulators,shock hammers,and screws in transmission line.The algorithm features an improved backbone network for Faster R-CNN,which significantly boosts the feature extraction network’s ability to detect fine details.The Region Proposal Network is optimized using a method of guided feature refinement(GFR),which achieves a balance between accuracy and speed.The incorporation of Generalized Intersection over Union(GIOU)and Region of Interest(ROI)Align further refines themodel’s accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate a notable improvement in mean Average Precision,reaching 89.3%,an 11.1%increase compared to the standard Faster R-CNN.This highlights the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in identifying electrical components in high-resolution aerial images.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51905123)Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Shandong Province,China(Nos.2020CXGC010303,2022ZLGX04)Key R&D Programme of Shandong Province,China(No.2022JMRH0308).
文摘An internal state variable(ISV)model was established according to the experimental results of hot plane strain compression(PSC)to predict the microstructure evolution during hot spinning of ZK61 alloy.The effects of the internal variables were considered in this ISV model,and the parameters were optimized by genetic algorithm.After validation,the ISV model was used to simulate the evolution of grain size(GS)and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)fraction during hot spinning via Abaqus and its subroutine Vumat.By comparing the simulated results with the experimental results,the application of the ISV model was proven to be reliable.Meanwhile,the strength of the thin-walled spun ZK61 tube increased from 303 to 334 MPa due to grain refinement by DRX and texture strengthening.Besides,some ultrafine grains(0.5μm)that played an important role in mechanical properties were formed due to the proliferation,movement,and entanglement of dislocations during the spinning process.
基金Projects(U22B2084,52275483,52075142)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023ZY01050)supported by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology High Quality Development,China。
文摘The gears of new energy vehicles are required to withstand higher rotational speeds and greater loads,which puts forward higher precision essentials for gear manufacturing.However,machining process parameters can cause changes in cutting force/heat,resulting in affecting gear machining precision.Therefore,this paper studies the effect of different process parameters on gear machining precision.A multi-objective optimization model is established for the relationship between process parameters and tooth surface deviations,tooth profile deviations,and tooth lead deviations through the cutting speed,feed rate,and cutting depth of the worm wheel gear grinding machine.The response surface method(RSM)is used for experimental design,and the corresponding experimental results and optimal process parameters are obtained.Subsequently,gray relational analysis-principal component analysis(GRA-PCA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization(GA-PSO)methods are used to analyze the experimental results and obtain different optimal process parameters.The results show that optimal process parameters obtained by the GRA-PCA,PSO,and GA-PSO methods improve the gear machining precision.Moreover,the gear machining precision obtained by GA-PSO is superior to other methods.
文摘Augmented reality(AR)is an emerging dynamic technology that effectively supports education across different levels.The increased use of mobile devices has an even greater impact.As the demand for AR applications in education continues to increase,educators actively seek innovative and immersive methods to engage students in learning.However,exploring these possibilities also entails identifying and overcoming existing barriers to optimal educational integration.Concurrently,this surge in demand has prompted the identification of specific barriers,one of which is three-dimensional(3D)modeling.Creating 3D objects for augmented reality education applications can be challenging and time-consuming for the educators.To address this,we have developed a pipeline that creates realistic 3D objects from the two-dimensional(2D)photograph.Applications for augmented and virtual reality can then utilize these created 3D objects.We evaluated the proposed pipeline based on the usability of the 3D object and performance metrics.Quantitatively,with 117 respondents,the co-creation team was surveyed with openended questions to evaluate the precision of the 3D object created by the proposed photogrammetry pipeline.We analyzed the survey data using descriptive-analytical methods and found that the proposed pipeline produces 3D models that are positively accurate when compared to real-world objects,with an average mean score above 8.This study adds new knowledge in creating 3D objects for augmented reality applications by using the photogrammetry technique;finally,it discusses potential problems and future research directions for 3D objects in the education sector.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52061135101 and 52001078)the German Research Foundation(DFG,No.448318292)+3 种基金the Technology Innovation Guidance Special Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023GXLH-085)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.D5000240161)the Project of Key areas of innovation team in Shaanxi Province(No.2024RS-CXTD-20)The author Yingchun Xie thanks the support from the National Key R&D Program(No.2023YFE0108000).
文摘1.Introduction.Cold Spray(CS)is a highly advanced solid-state metal depo-sition process that was first developed in the 1980s.This innovative technique involves the high-speed(300-1200 m/s)impact deposition of micron-sized particles(5-50μm)to fabricate coatings[1-3].CS has been extensively used in a variety of coating applications,such as aerospace,automotive,energy,medical,marine,and others,to provide protection against high temperatures,corrosion,erosion,oxidation,and chemicals[4,5].Nowadays,the technical interest in CS is twofold:(i)as a repair process for damaged components,and(ii)as a solid-state additive manufacturing process.Compared to other fusion-based additive manufacturing(AM)technologies,Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing(CSAM)is a new member of the AM family that can enable the fabrication of deposits without undergoing melting.The chemical composition has been largely preserved from the powder to the deposit due to the minimal oxidation.The significant advantages of CSAM over other additive manufacturing processes include a high production rate,unlimited deposition size,high flexibility,and suitability for repairing damaged parts.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2024A025)。
文摘The effects of plasma screening on the ^(1)P^(o) resonance states of H-and He below the n=3 and n=4 thresholds of the respective subsystemsare investigated using the stabilization method and correlated exponential wave functions.Two plasma mediums,namely,the Debye plasma and quantum plasma environments are considered.The screened Coulomb potential(SCP)obtained from Debye-Hückel model is used to represent Debye plasma environments and the exponential cosine screened Coulomb potential(ECSCP)obtained from a modified Debye-Hückel model is used to represent quantum plasma environments.The resonance parameters(resonance positions and widths)are presented in terms of the screening parameters.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3003805)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2022356)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project(Grant No.2023A04J0955).
文摘This paper presents a new type of triangular Sharp Eagle wave energy converter(WEC)platform.On the basis of the linear potential flow theory and the finite element analysis method,the hydrodynamic performance and structural response of the platform are studied,considering the actual platform motion and free surface rise under extreme sea states.First,the effects of the wave frequency and direction on the wave-induced loads and dynamic responses were examined.The motion at a wave direction angle of 0°is relatively low.On this basis,the angle constrained by the two sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters should be aligned with the main wave direction to avoid significant platform motion under extreme sea states.Additionally,the structural response of the platform,including the wave-absorbing floaters,is investigated.The results highlighted that the conditions or locations where yielding,buckling,and fatigue failures occur were different.In this context,the connection area of the Sharp Eagle floaters and platform is prone to yielding failure under oblique wave action,whereas the pontoon and side of the Sharp Eagle floaters are prone to buckling failure during significant vertical motion.Additionally,fatigue damage is most likely to occur at the connection between the middle column on both sides of the Sharp Eagle floaters and the pontoons.The findings of this paper revealed an intrinsic connection between wave-induced loads and the dynamic and structural responses of the platform,which provides a useful reference for the improved design of WECs.
文摘The subcortical visual pathway is generally thought to be involved in dangerous information processing,such as fear processing and defensive behavior.A recent study,published in Human Brain Mapping,shows a new function of the subcortical pathway involved in the fast processing of non-emotional object perception.Rapid object processing is a critical function of visual system.Topological perception theory proposes that the initial perception of objects begins with the extraction of topological property(TP).However,the mechanism of rapid TP processing remains unclear.The researchers investigated the subcortical mechanism of TP processing with transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).They find that a subcortical magnocellular pathway is responsible for the early processing of TP,and this subcortical processing of TP accelerates object recognition.Based on their findings,we propose a novel training approach called subcortical magnocellular pathway training(SMPT),aimed at improving the efficiency of the subcortical M pathway to restore visual and attentional functions in disorders associated with subcortical pathway dysfunction.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(52371372)the Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(22JC1401400,21190780300)the 111 Project,China(D18003)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter focuses on the fact that small objects with few pixels disappear in feature maps with large receptive fields, as the network deepens, in object detection tasks. Therefore, the detection of dense small objects is challenging.
文摘Background: Undergoing ultrasound scanning (USS) during the first trimester of pregnancy is highly imperative for expecting mothers, as it supports the early detection of any malformations, identifying the fetal number, fetal growth, fetal sex, and calculation of delivery. Previous studies have shown that undergoing such prenatal screening procedures could reduce the antenatal anxiety levels of expectant mothers. The present study aimed to explore the impact of first-trimester ultrasound scanning towards the antenatal anxiety and identify the predictors of antenatal anxiety among expectant mothers in the first trimester. Methods: A repeated measure design study was conducted in Maternity Clinics of University Hospital KDU, Ninewells Care Hospital and Navy General Hospital over 4 months with one hundred and fifteen (n = 115) expectant mothers. Participants completed a general information sheet first and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Spielberger et al., 1970) was administered before and after undergoing the USS. Results: Mean age of the participants was 28.84 ± 3.68. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank test showed that there is a significant reduction of participants’ antenatal anxiety levels following the USS z = −5.658, p Conclusions: Findings suggest that undergoing the first trimester USS significantly reduces the antenatal state anxiety and partner’s support is an important factor in reducing the antenatal anxiety experienced by expectant mothers in the first trimester. Future studies can focus on how USS can contribute to alleviating antenatal anxiety in second and third trimesters.
文摘Compared to traditional single-frequency bound states in the continuum(BIC),dual-band BIC of-fers higher degrees of freedom and functionality.Moveover,implementing independent control of dual-band BICs can further enhance their advantages and maximize their performance.This study presents a design for a dielectric metasurface that achieves dual-band BICs in the terahertz(THz)range.By adjusting two asym-metry parameters of the structure,independent control of the two symmetry-protected BICs is achieved.Fur-thermore,by varying the shape of the silicon holes,the design's robustness to geometric variations is demon-strated.Finally,the test results show that the figures of merit(FOMs)for both BICs reach 109.This work provides a new approach for realizing and tuning dual-frequency BICs,offering expanded possibilities for applications in multimode lasers,nonlinear optics,multi-channel filtering,and optical sensing.
文摘To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Grant No.12274019the NSAF grant in NSFC with Grant No.U2230402。
文摘Exploring the quantum advantages of various non-classical quantum states in noisy environments is a central subject in quantum sensing.Here we provide a complete picture for the frequency estimation precision of three important states(the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state,the maximal spin squeezed state,and the spin coherent state)of a spin-S under both individual dephasing and collective dephasing by general Gaussian noise,ranging from the Markovian limit to the extreme non-Markovian limit.Whether or not the noise is Markovian,the spin coherent state is always worse than the classical scheme under collective dephasing although it is equivalent to the classical scheme under individual dephasing.Moreover,the maximal spin squeezed state always give the best sensing precision(and outperforms the widely studied GHZ state)in all cases.This establishes the general advantage of the spin squeezed state for noisy frequency estimation in many quantum sensing platforms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62276204 and 62203343)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YJSJ24011)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shanxi,China(Nos.2022JM-340 and 2023-JC-QN-0710)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020T130494 and 2018M633470).
文摘Drone-based small object detection is of great significance in practical applications such as military actions, disaster rescue, transportation, etc. However, the severe scale differences in objects captured by drones and lack of detail information for small-scale objects make drone-based small object detection a formidable challenge. To address these issues, we first develop a mathematical model to explore how changing receptive fields impacts the polynomial fitting results. Subsequently, based on the obtained conclusions, we propose a simple but effective Hybrid Receptive Field Network (HRFNet), whose modules include Hybrid Feature Augmentation (HFA), Hybrid Feature Pyramid (HFP) and Dual Scale Head (DSH). Specifically, HFA employs parallel dilated convolution kernels of different sizes to extend shallow features with different receptive fields, committed to improving the multi-scale adaptability of the network;HFP enhances the perception of small objects by capturing contextual information across layers, while DSH reconstructs the original prediction head utilizing a set of high-resolution features and ultrahigh-resolution features. In addition, in order to train HRFNet, the corresponding dual-scale loss function is designed. Finally, comprehensive evaluation results on public benchmarks such as VisDrone-DET and TinyPerson demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. Most impressively, the proposed HRFNet achieves a mAP of 51.0 on VisDrone-DET with 29.3 M parameters, which outperforms the extant state-of-the-art detectors. HRFNet also performs excellently in complex scenarios captured by drones, achieving the best performance on the CS-Drone dataset we built.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62171042,62102033,U24A20331)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(No.KZ202211417048)+2 种基金the Project of Construction and Support for High-Level Innovative Teams of Beijing Municipal Institutions(No.BPHR20220121)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.4232026,4242020)the Academic Research Projects of Beijing Union University(Nos.ZKZD202302,ZK20202403)。
文摘Top-view fisheye cameras are widely used in personnel surveillance for their broad field of view,but their unique imaging characteristics pose challenges like distortion,complex scenes,scale variations,and small objects near image edges.To tackle these,we proposed peripheral focus you only look once(PF-YOLO),an enhanced YOLOv8n-based method.Firstly,we introduced a cutting-patch data augmentation strategy to mitigate the problem of insufficient small-object samples in various scenes.Secondly,to enhance the model's focus on small objects near the edges,we designed the peripheral focus loss,which uses dynamic focus coefficients to provide greater gradient gains for these objects,improving their regression accuracy.Finally,we designed the three dimensional(3D)spatial-channel coordinate attention C2f module,enhancing spatial and channel perception,suppressing noise,and improving personnel detection.Experimental results demonstrate that PF-YOLO achieves strong performance on the challenging events for person detection from overhead fisheye images(CEPDTOF)and in-the-wild events for people detection and tracking from overhead fisheye cameras(WEPDTOF)datasets.Compared to the original YOLOv8n model,PFYOLO achieves improvements on CEPDTOF with increases of 2.1%,1.7%and 2.9%in mean average precision 50(mAP 50),mAP 50-95,and tively.On WEPDTOF,PF-YOLO achieves substantial improvements with increases of 31.4%,14.9%,61.1%and 21.0%in 91.2%and 57.2%,respectively.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1403102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474478,92065102,and 61804056).
文摘The intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulators in the Mn-Bi-Te family,composed of superlattice-like MnBi_(2)Te_(4)/(Bi_(2)Te_(3))_(n)(n=0,1,2,3,...)layered structure,present intriguing states of matter such as quantum anomalous Hall effect and the axion insulator.However,the surface state gap,which is the prerequisite for the observation of these states,remains elusive.Here by molecular beam epitaxy,we obtain two types of MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films with the exclusive Bi_(2)Te_(3)(BT)or MnBi_(2)Te_(4)(MBT)terminations.By scanning tunneling spectroscopy,the mass terms in the surface states are identified on both surface terminations.Experimental results reveal the existence of a hybridization gap of approximately 23 meV in surface states on the BT termination.This gap comes from the hybridization between the surface states and the spin-split states in the adjacent MBT layer.On the MBT termination,an exchange mass term of about 28±2 meV in surface states is identified by taking magnetic-field-dependent Landau level spectra as well as theoretical simulations.In addition,the mass term varies with the field in the film with a heavy BiMn doping level in the Mn layers.These findings demonstrate the existence of mass terms in surface states on both types of terminations in our epitaxial MnBi_(4)Te_(7)films investigated by local probes.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671403,11671236)Henan Provincial General Natural Science Foundation Project(232300420113)。
文摘This article studies a class of nonlinear Kirchhoff equations with exponential critical growth,trapping potential,and perturbation.Under appropriate assumptions about f and h,the article obtained the existence of normalized positive solutions for this equation via the Trudinger-Moser inequality and variational methods.Moreover,these solutions are also ground state solutions.Additionally,the article also characterized the asymptotic behavior of solutions.The results of this article expand the research of relevant literature.
