A method for the rapid reduction of acyl chlorides to aldehydes was developed using pinacolborane(HBpin)as the reducing agent.The method exhibits excellent generality for both aromatic and aliphatic substrates,affordi...A method for the rapid reduction of acyl chlorides to aldehydes was developed using pinacolborane(HBpin)as the reducing agent.The method exhibits excellent generality for both aromatic and aliphatic substrates,affording aldehydes in isolated yields of up to 88%with broad functional group tolerance,including cyano,halogen,alkenyl,ketone,and ester groups.Moreover,the method enables gram-scale aldehyde synthesis and shows high efficiency in reducing in situ generated acyl chlorides,thereby enhancing its synthetic practicality.展开更多
Non-naturalα-amino acids(α-AAs)are pivotal in drug and catalysis,yet their synthesis remains challenges.A photocatalytic strategy for the direct construction of N-heteroaryl-containingα-AAs from heteroaryl aldehyde...Non-naturalα-amino acids(α-AAs)are pivotal in drug and catalysis,yet their synthesis remains challenges.A photocatalytic strategy for the direct construction of N-heteroaryl-containingα-AAs from heteroaryl aldehydes via acyl radical intermediates is reported.This method exhibits exceptional functional group tolerance and enables late-stage diversification of peptides and carbonyl-group derivatization.Mechanistic studies confirm a radical-based pathway,while applications in peptide modification highlight its utility in bioorganic chemistry.展开更多
Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) serves as the ultimate mediator of fever induced by infiammatory factors. In contrast to cyclooxygenase inhibitors that suppress arachidonic acid metabolism, antipyretic herbs possess a well-est...Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) serves as the ultimate mediator of fever induced by infiammatory factors. In contrast to cyclooxygenase inhibitors that suppress arachidonic acid metabolism, antipyretic herbs possess a well-established clinical history in effectively managing fever. However, the specific mechanisms underlying their efficacy remain unclear. Following the screening for lead compounds that inhibit PGE2from antipyretic herbs, alkynylated active molecule probes were designed and synthesized to track and identify potential targets. The target investigation revealed that three antipyretic compounds, namely cinnamaldehyde, 2,4-decadienal, and perillaldehyde, containing α,β-unsaturated aldehyde groups irreversibly targeted the microsomal PGES1-TM4 helix(m PGES1-TM4) at Ser139. This specific interaction effectually inhibited PGE2 production in the cerebral vasculature, leading to exert potent antipyretic effects.α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes targeting m PGES1-TM4 offer a new approach for antipyretic effects with significant potential for various applications.展开更多
Volatile aromatic aldehydes,including benzaldehyde(BzH),4-fluorobenzaldehyde(4-F-BzH),4-isobutylbenzaldehyde(4-iBu-BzH),3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(3-CF_(3)-BzH),p-methoxybenzaldehyde(4-MeO-BzH),and o-trifluoromethy...Volatile aromatic aldehydes,including benzaldehyde(BzH),4-fluorobenzaldehyde(4-F-BzH),4-isobutylbenzaldehyde(4-iBu-BzH),3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(3-CF_(3)-BzH),p-methoxybenzaldehyde(4-MeO-BzH),and o-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(2-CF_(3)-BzH),are crucial raw materials for the synthesis of various pesticides and pharmaceuticals[1].展开更多
The selective hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones enables precise control over product structures and properties by regulating hydrogen transport pathways and bond cleavage sequences to selectively red...The selective hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones enables precise control over product structures and properties by regulating hydrogen transport pathways and bond cleavage sequences to selectively reduce C=C or C=O bonds while preserving other functional groups within the molecule.This approach serves as a critical strategy for the directional synthesis of high-value molecules.However,achieving such selectivity remains challenging due to the thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetic competition between C=O and C=C bonds inα,β-unsaturated systems.Consequently,constructing precisely targeted catalytic systems is essential to overcome these limitations,offering both fundamental scientific significance and industrial application potential.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives have emerged as innovative platforms for designing such systems,owing to their programmable topology,tunable pore microenvironments,spatially controllable active sites,and modifiable electronic structures.This review systematically summarizes the research progress of MOF-based catalysts for selec-tive hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones in the last decade,with emphasis on the design strategy,conformational relationship,and catalytic mechanism,aiming to provide new ideas for the design of targeted catalyt-ic systems for the selective hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones.展开更多
The escalating demand for sustainable and environmentally benign chemical processes has driven the exploration of biomass as an alternative to non-renewable resources.Electrocatalytic upgrading of biomass-derived alde...The escalating demand for sustainable and environmentally benign chemical processes has driven the exploration of biomass as an alternative to non-renewable resources.Electrocatalytic upgrading of biomass-derived aldehydes plays a crucial role in biomass refining,and has become a frontier of mainstream research.This paper reviews the recent advances on the electrocatalytic oxidation of typical biomass-derived aldehydes(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,furfural,glucose,xylose,vanillin and benzaldehyde,etc.).The research presented in this review covers a wide range of oxidation mechanisms for each aldehyde.It is evident from the current literature that challenges related to the comprehensiveness of mechanistic studies,catalyst stability,and reaction scalability remain,but the rapid progress offers hope for future advancements.Finally,we elucidate the challenges in this domain and provide the perspectives on future developments.This review corroborates the significance of investigating the electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived aldehydes and emphasizes the need for continued research to refine these processes for industrial applications.展开更多
Aldehydes have attracted increasing attention owing to their odor and potential carcinogenicity.Because aldehydes are formed during oxidation processes(e.g.,ozonation and chlorination)and easily penetrate reverse osmo...Aldehydes have attracted increasing attention owing to their odor and potential carcinogenicity.Because aldehydes are formed during oxidation processes(e.g.,ozonation and chlorination)and easily penetrate reverse osmosis(RO)membranes,they are the main organic substances in RO permeates designated for potable reuse.In this study,peroxydisulfate(PDS)was combined with VUV/UV(185/254 nm)irradiation(VUV/UV/PDS)to generate multiple reactive species,including·OH and SO_(4)^(·−),for the elimination of acetaldehyde(CH_(3)CHO)and mineralization of organic matters.With VUV/UV/PDS at 0.05 and 0.5 mmol/L PDS,99%of CH_(3)CHOwas eliminated within 6 and 1.5min,respectively,whichwere approximately 2-fold and 7-foldmore efficient with VUV/UV.Additionally,with VUV/UV/PDS at 0.05 and 0.5 mmol/L PDS,the proportions of total organic carbon mineralized were 90.7%and 93.7%,respectively.In contrast to VUV/UV,VUV/UV/PDS rapidlymineralized CH_(3)CHO without the obvious accumulation of acetate or oxalate.The computational toxicity assessment indicated that the organic substances generated during VUV/UV/PDS posed lower potential risks to various organisms than those generated during VUV/UV.Moreover,the energy efficiency of VUV/UV/PDS was greater than that of VUV/UV.This study demonstrated that VUV/UV/PDS is a promising alternative treatment for the elimination of aldehydes in RO permeates designated for potable reuse.展开更多
Utilizing small molecules as markers for specific cells or organs within biosystems is a crucial approach for studying and regulating physiological processes. However, current tagging strategies, due to the presence o...Utilizing small molecules as markers for specific cells or organs within biosystems is a crucial approach for studying and regulating physiological processes. However, current tagging strategies, due to the presence of exposed highly reactive groups, suffer from drawbacks such as low tagging efficiency or insufficient spatial specificity, thereby diminishing their expected effectiveness. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop a strategy capable of in situ labeling of active groups in response to cellular or in vivo stimuli, ensuring both high tagging efficiency and spatial specificity. In this work, we devised a strategy for releasing aldehyde groups activated by hypochlorous acid(HOCl). Compounds synthesized through this strategy can release the fiuorophore methylene blue(MB) and aldehyde-based compounds upon HOCl activation. Given high reactivity of the released aldehyde group, it can effectively interact with macromolecules in biological systems, facilitating tagging and enabling prolonged imaging. To validate this concept, we further incorporated a naphthalimide structure with stable light emission to create SW-110. SW-110 can specifically respond to in vitro and endogenous HOCl, when release MB, it also releases naphthalimide fiuorophore with highly reactive aldehyde group for tagging within cells. This strategy provides a simple but efficient strategy for proximity tagging in situ.展开更多
Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the...Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the SD2(seed dormancy 2)region at the telomeric end of chromosome 5H.A doubledhaploid population(AC Metcalfe/Baudin)was used to characterize HvAO1 and validated its association with seed germination and malting quality.Aldehyde oxidase is predicted to catalyse the oxidation of various aldehydes,such as indoleacetaldehyde and abscisic aldehyde,into IAA and ABA,which is the final step of IAA/ABA biogenesis.This process influences the final IAA/ABA concentration in the seed,affecting the seed dormancy.Sequence analysis revealed substantial variations in the HvAO1 promoter regions between AC Metcalfe and Baudin.The combining seed germination tests,genetic variation analysis,gene expression,and phytohormone measurements showed that Baudin,which displays strong seed dormancy,has a specific sequence variation in the promoter region of the HvAO1 gene.This variation is associated with a higher expression level of the HvAO1 gene and an increased level of ABA than those in AC Metcalfe,which shows weak dormancy and lacks this sequence variation.In addition to its strong effect on the SD2 gene,HvAO1 shows excellent potential to fine-tune malting quality and seed dormancy,as evidenced by genotyping with HvAO1-specific markers,dormancy phenotypes,and malting quality.Our findings provide a new strategy for introducing favourable HvAO1 alleles to achieve the desired level of seed dormancy and high malting quality in barley.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)usually exist in the state of powder or crystal.When they are exposed to hydrophilic solvents,their structure will change and become unstable.Therefore,it is a challenge to construct MOF ...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)usually exist in the state of powder or crystal.When they are exposed to hydrophilic solvents,their structure will change and become unstable.Therefore,it is a challenge to construct MOF materials with tunable mechanical properties.Herein,we report in-situ growth lanthanide metal-organic framework(LnMOF)in sodium alginate(SA)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel matrix.The prepared composite hydrogel not only displays characteristic lanthanide narrow-band emission under ultraviolet light,but also demonstrates excellent mechanical properties.The addition of LnMOF significantly enhances the compressive strength of the hydrogel(from 0.75 to 7.32 MPa).Furthermore,the composite hydrogel shows highly selective recognition of glutaraldehyde and gaseous formaldehyde at room temperature.The detection limits(LOD)of SP-EuMOF for glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde are 0.27 and 0.22 ppm,respectively.Based on these results,the LnMOF composite hydrogel is deemed to have significant potential as a fluorescent sensor for both glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde detection.展开更多
The technique for preparing phenol formaldehyde resin from phenolated wood (PWF) and its characters were studied and analyzed. Poplar (Populus spp.) wood meal was liquefied by phenol in the presence of sulfuric acid a...The technique for preparing phenol formaldehyde resin from phenolated wood (PWF) and its characters were studied and analyzed. Poplar (Populus spp.) wood meal was liquefied by phenol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. After the liquefied products were cooled, alkaline catalyst and formaldehyde were added. The mixture was kept at (60?) C for 1h and then was heated to (85?) C for 1h. The influence of molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol (F/P) was investigated. The results showed when the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol was over 1.8, the PWF adhesives had high bond quality, bond durability and extremely low aldehydes emissions.展开更多
Aim To synthesize the tripepide Weinreb amide Boc Asp(OBzl) β Ala Asp(OBzl) N(OMe)Me (7) as a useful precursor of aspartyl peptide aldehyde derivatives; Methods DCC, IBCF method was used for preparation of ...Aim To synthesize the tripepide Weinreb amide Boc Asp(OBzl) β Ala Asp(OBzl) N(OMe)Me (7) as a useful precursor of aspartyl peptide aldehyde derivatives; Methods DCC, IBCF method was used for preparation of Weinreb amide; N hydroxysuccinimide activated ester was used in peptide synthesis; and Boc as N protecting group of amino acid. Results Boc Asp(OBzl) N(OMe)Me (3), Boc β Ala Asp(OBzl) N(OMe)Me (5), and Boc Asp(OBzl) β Ala Asp(OBzl) N(OMe)Me (7) were synthesized successfully. Conclusion An useful precursor of tripeptide aspartyl aldehydes was synthesized.展开更多
A rapid and eco-friendly one-pot protocol for the synthesis of nitriles has been developed by treating various araldehydes bearing electron withdrawing as well as electron donating groups with hydroxylamine hydrochlor...A rapid and eco-friendly one-pot protocol for the synthesis of nitriles has been developed by treating various araldehydes bearing electron withdrawing as well as electron donating groups with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of non-toxic,non-corrosive and reusable zinc oxide（ZnO） as the catalyst under solvent-free microwave irradiation.The present approach offers the advantages of a clean reaction,simple methodology,employing readily available catalyst,short reaction duration（〈1 min）,high selectivity;and high yield（90-98%）.展开更多
Ferrous methanesulfonate catalysing the conversion of aromatic, heteroaromatic, unsaturated, and aliphatic aldehydes to 1,1- diacetates at room temperature under solvent-free condition has been developed. The catalyti...Ferrous methanesulfonate catalysing the conversion of aromatic, heteroaromatic, unsaturated, and aliphatic aldehydes to 1,1- diacetates at room temperature under solvent-free condition has been developed. The catalytic activity of seventeen metal methanesulfonates was compared under the same condition, ferrous methanesufonate proved to be the best. It can be easily recovered and reused for several times without distinct deterioration in catalytic activity. During the competitive protection between a ketone and an aldehyde group with Ac20, 1,1-diacetate formed exclusively with the aldehyde group. 2009 Min Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
A facile, efficient and substrate-selective oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with NaClO catalyzed by β-cyclodextrin in water has been developed. A series of aldehydes which could form inclusion complex with...A facile, efficient and substrate-selective oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with NaClO catalyzed by β-cyclodextrin in water has been developed. A series of aldehydes which could form inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） were oxidized selectively with excellent yields.展开更多
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2) is best known for its critical detoxifying role in liver alcohol metabolism. However, ALDH2 dysfunction is also involved in a wide range of human pathophysiological situations and is as...Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2) is best known for its critical detoxifying role in liver alcohol metabolism. However, ALDH2 dysfunction is also involved in a wide range of human pathophysiological situations and is associated with complications such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. A growing body of research has shown that ALDH2 provides important protection against oxidative stress and the subsequent loading of toxic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and adducts that occur in human diseases, including ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI). There is increasing evidence of its role in IRI pathophysiology in organs such as heart, brain, small intestine and kidney; however, surprisingly few studies have been carried out in the liver, where ALDH2 is found in abundance. This study reviews the role of ALDH2 in modulating the pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IRI associated with oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Special emphasis is placed on the role of ALDH2 in different organs, on therapeutic "preconditioning" strategies, and on the use of ALDH2 agonists such as Alda-1, which may become a useful therapeutic tool for preventing the deleterious effects of IRI in organ transplantation.展开更多
文摘A method for the rapid reduction of acyl chlorides to aldehydes was developed using pinacolborane(HBpin)as the reducing agent.The method exhibits excellent generality for both aromatic and aliphatic substrates,affording aldehydes in isolated yields of up to 88%with broad functional group tolerance,including cyano,halogen,alkenyl,ketone,and ester groups.Moreover,the method enables gram-scale aldehyde synthesis and shows high efficiency in reducing in situ generated acyl chlorides,thereby enhancing its synthetic practicality.
文摘Non-naturalα-amino acids(α-AAs)are pivotal in drug and catalysis,yet their synthesis remains challenges.A photocatalytic strategy for the direct construction of N-heteroaryl-containingα-AAs from heteroaryl aldehydes via acyl radical intermediates is reported.This method exhibits exceptional functional group tolerance and enables late-stage diversification of peptides and carbonyl-group derivatization.Mechanistic studies confirm a radical-based pathway,while applications in peptide modification highlight its utility in bioorganic chemistry.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2022YFC3500800 and 2022YFC3500805)。
文摘Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) serves as the ultimate mediator of fever induced by infiammatory factors. In contrast to cyclooxygenase inhibitors that suppress arachidonic acid metabolism, antipyretic herbs possess a well-established clinical history in effectively managing fever. However, the specific mechanisms underlying their efficacy remain unclear. Following the screening for lead compounds that inhibit PGE2from antipyretic herbs, alkynylated active molecule probes were designed and synthesized to track and identify potential targets. The target investigation revealed that three antipyretic compounds, namely cinnamaldehyde, 2,4-decadienal, and perillaldehyde, containing α,β-unsaturated aldehyde groups irreversibly targeted the microsomal PGES1-TM4 helix(m PGES1-TM4) at Ser139. This specific interaction effectually inhibited PGE2 production in the cerebral vasculature, leading to exert potent antipyretic effects.α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes targeting m PGES1-TM4 offer a new approach for antipyretic effects with significant potential for various applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22361031,22308260).
文摘Volatile aromatic aldehydes,including benzaldehyde(BzH),4-fluorobenzaldehyde(4-F-BzH),4-isobutylbenzaldehyde(4-iBu-BzH),3-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(3-CF_(3)-BzH),p-methoxybenzaldehyde(4-MeO-BzH),and o-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde(2-CF_(3)-BzH),are crucial raw materials for the synthesis of various pesticides and pharmaceuticals[1].
文摘The selective hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones enables precise control over product structures and properties by regulating hydrogen transport pathways and bond cleavage sequences to selectively reduce C=C or C=O bonds while preserving other functional groups within the molecule.This approach serves as a critical strategy for the directional synthesis of high-value molecules.However,achieving such selectivity remains challenging due to the thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetic competition between C=O and C=C bonds inα,β-unsaturated systems.Consequently,constructing precisely targeted catalytic systems is essential to overcome these limitations,offering both fundamental scientific significance and industrial application potential.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derivatives have emerged as innovative platforms for designing such systems,owing to their programmable topology,tunable pore microenvironments,spatially controllable active sites,and modifiable electronic structures.This review systematically summarizes the research progress of MOF-based catalysts for selec-tive hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones in the last decade,with emphasis on the design strategy,conformational relationship,and catalytic mechanism,aiming to provide new ideas for the design of targeted catalyt-ic systems for the selective hydrogenation ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes/ketones.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3905804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078374,22378434,41920104003)the Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Guangzhou(202206010145)。
文摘The escalating demand for sustainable and environmentally benign chemical processes has driven the exploration of biomass as an alternative to non-renewable resources.Electrocatalytic upgrading of biomass-derived aldehydes plays a crucial role in biomass refining,and has become a frontier of mainstream research.This paper reviews the recent advances on the electrocatalytic oxidation of typical biomass-derived aldehydes(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,furfural,glucose,xylose,vanillin and benzaldehyde,etc.).The research presented in this review covers a wide range of oxidation mechanisms for each aldehyde.It is evident from the current literature that challenges related to the comprehensiveness of mechanistic studies,catalyst stability,and reaction scalability remain,but the rapid progress offers hope for future advancements.Finally,we elucidate the challenges in this domain and provide the perspectives on future developments.This review corroborates the significance of investigating the electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived aldehydes and emphasizes the need for continued research to refine these processes for industrial applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52270045)the Science,Technology and Innovation Commol/Lission of Shenzhen(Nos.JCYJ20220818101010022 and JCYJ20220530143003007)+1 种基金Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School-Shenzhen Pengrui Young Faculty Program of Shenzhen Pengrui Foundation(No.SZPR2023004)Guangdong Higher Education Institutions Innovative Research Team of UrbanWater Cycle and Ecological Safety(No.2023KCXTD053).
文摘Aldehydes have attracted increasing attention owing to their odor and potential carcinogenicity.Because aldehydes are formed during oxidation processes(e.g.,ozonation and chlorination)and easily penetrate reverse osmosis(RO)membranes,they are the main organic substances in RO permeates designated for potable reuse.In this study,peroxydisulfate(PDS)was combined with VUV/UV(185/254 nm)irradiation(VUV/UV/PDS)to generate multiple reactive species,including·OH and SO_(4)^(·−),for the elimination of acetaldehyde(CH_(3)CHO)and mineralization of organic matters.With VUV/UV/PDS at 0.05 and 0.5 mmol/L PDS,99%of CH_(3)CHOwas eliminated within 6 and 1.5min,respectively,whichwere approximately 2-fold and 7-foldmore efficient with VUV/UV.Additionally,with VUV/UV/PDS at 0.05 and 0.5 mmol/L PDS,the proportions of total organic carbon mineralized were 90.7%and 93.7%,respectively.In contrast to VUV/UV,VUV/UV/PDS rapidlymineralized CH_(3)CHO without the obvious accumulation of acetate or oxalate.The computational toxicity assessment indicated that the organic substances generated during VUV/UV/PDS posed lower potential risks to various organisms than those generated during VUV/UV.Moreover,the energy efficiency of VUV/UV/PDS was greater than that of VUV/UV.This study demonstrated that VUV/UV/PDS is a promising alternative treatment for the elimination of aldehydes in RO permeates designated for potable reuse.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22177019, 22377010, 22371038)State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials (No. KF2206)。
文摘Utilizing small molecules as markers for specific cells or organs within biosystems is a crucial approach for studying and regulating physiological processes. However, current tagging strategies, due to the presence of exposed highly reactive groups, suffer from drawbacks such as low tagging efficiency or insufficient spatial specificity, thereby diminishing their expected effectiveness. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop a strategy capable of in situ labeling of active groups in response to cellular or in vivo stimuli, ensuring both high tagging efficiency and spatial specificity. In this work, we devised a strategy for releasing aldehyde groups activated by hypochlorous acid(HOCl). Compounds synthesized through this strategy can release the fiuorophore methylene blue(MB) and aldehyde-based compounds upon HOCl activation. Given high reactivity of the released aldehyde group, it can effectively interact with macromolecules in biological systems, facilitating tagging and enabling prolonged imaging. To validate this concept, we further incorporated a naphthalimide structure with stable light emission to create SW-110. SW-110 can specifically respond to in vitro and endogenous HOCl, when release MB, it also releases naphthalimide fiuorophore with highly reactive aldehyde group for tagging within cells. This strategy provides a simple but efficient strategy for proximity tagging in situ.
基金supported by the Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education(KFT202302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372052).
文摘Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the SD2(seed dormancy 2)region at the telomeric end of chromosome 5H.A doubledhaploid population(AC Metcalfe/Baudin)was used to characterize HvAO1 and validated its association with seed germination and malting quality.Aldehyde oxidase is predicted to catalyse the oxidation of various aldehydes,such as indoleacetaldehyde and abscisic aldehyde,into IAA and ABA,which is the final step of IAA/ABA biogenesis.This process influences the final IAA/ABA concentration in the seed,affecting the seed dormancy.Sequence analysis revealed substantial variations in the HvAO1 promoter regions between AC Metcalfe and Baudin.The combining seed germination tests,genetic variation analysis,gene expression,and phytohormone measurements showed that Baudin,which displays strong seed dormancy,has a specific sequence variation in the promoter region of the HvAO1 gene.This variation is associated with a higher expression level of the HvAO1 gene and an increased level of ABA than those in AC Metcalfe,which shows weak dormancy and lacks this sequence variation.In addition to its strong effect on the SD2 gene,HvAO1 shows excellent potential to fine-tune malting quality and seed dormancy,as evidenced by genotyping with HvAO1-specific markers,dormancy phenotypes,and malting quality.Our findings provide a new strategy for introducing favourable HvAO1 alleles to achieve the desired level of seed dormancy and high malting quality in barley.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21661034)Reserve Talents Project for Youth and Middle-Aged Academic and Technical Leaders of Yunnan Province(202205AC160032)。
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)usually exist in the state of powder or crystal.When they are exposed to hydrophilic solvents,their structure will change and become unstable.Therefore,it is a challenge to construct MOF materials with tunable mechanical properties.Herein,we report in-situ growth lanthanide metal-organic framework(LnMOF)in sodium alginate(SA)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel matrix.The prepared composite hydrogel not only displays characteristic lanthanide narrow-band emission under ultraviolet light,but also demonstrates excellent mechanical properties.The addition of LnMOF significantly enhances the compressive strength of the hydrogel(from 0.75 to 7.32 MPa).Furthermore,the composite hydrogel shows highly selective recognition of glutaraldehyde and gaseous formaldehyde at room temperature.The detection limits(LOD)of SP-EuMOF for glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde are 0.27 and 0.22 ppm,respectively.Based on these results,the LnMOF composite hydrogel is deemed to have significant potential as a fluorescent sensor for both glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde detection.
文摘The technique for preparing phenol formaldehyde resin from phenolated wood (PWF) and its characters were studied and analyzed. Poplar (Populus spp.) wood meal was liquefied by phenol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. After the liquefied products were cooled, alkaline catalyst and formaldehyde were added. The mixture was kept at (60?) C for 1h and then was heated to (85?) C for 1h. The influence of molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol (F/P) was investigated. The results showed when the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol was over 1.8, the PWF adhesives had high bond quality, bond durability and extremely low aldehydes emissions.
文摘Aim To synthesize the tripepide Weinreb amide Boc Asp(OBzl) β Ala Asp(OBzl) N(OMe)Me (7) as a useful precursor of aspartyl peptide aldehyde derivatives; Methods DCC, IBCF method was used for preparation of Weinreb amide; N hydroxysuccinimide activated ester was used in peptide synthesis; and Boc as N protecting group of amino acid. Results Boc Asp(OBzl) N(OMe)Me (3), Boc β Ala Asp(OBzl) N(OMe)Me (5), and Boc Asp(OBzl) β Ala Asp(OBzl) N(OMe)Me (7) were synthesized successfully. Conclusion An useful precursor of tripeptide aspartyl aldehydes was synthesized.
文摘A rapid and eco-friendly one-pot protocol for the synthesis of nitriles has been developed by treating various araldehydes bearing electron withdrawing as well as electron donating groups with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of non-toxic,non-corrosive and reusable zinc oxide（ZnO） as the catalyst under solvent-free microwave irradiation.The present approach offers the advantages of a clean reaction,simple methodology,employing readily available catalyst,short reaction duration（〈1 min）,high selectivity;and high yield（90-98%）.
文摘Ferrous methanesulfonate catalysing the conversion of aromatic, heteroaromatic, unsaturated, and aliphatic aldehydes to 1,1- diacetates at room temperature under solvent-free condition has been developed. The catalytic activity of seventeen metal methanesulfonates was compared under the same condition, ferrous methanesufonate proved to be the best. It can be easily recovered and reused for several times without distinct deterioration in catalytic activity. During the competitive protection between a ketone and an aldehyde group with Ac20, 1,1-diacetate formed exclusively with the aldehyde group. 2009 Min Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20776053)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-06-740)for providing financial support for this project.
文摘A facile, efficient and substrate-selective oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids with NaClO catalyzed by β-cyclodextrin in water has been developed. A series of aldehydes which could form inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） were oxidized selectively with excellent yields.
基金supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ through FIS project PI 15/00110 co-funded by FEDER from Regional Development European Funds (European Union)the FOIE GRAS project,which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant (Agreement No. 722619)
文摘Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2) is best known for its critical detoxifying role in liver alcohol metabolism. However, ALDH2 dysfunction is also involved in a wide range of human pathophysiological situations and is associated with complications such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. A growing body of research has shown that ALDH2 provides important protection against oxidative stress and the subsequent loading of toxic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and adducts that occur in human diseases, including ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI). There is increasing evidence of its role in IRI pathophysiology in organs such as heart, brain, small intestine and kidney; however, surprisingly few studies have been carried out in the liver, where ALDH2 is found in abundance. This study reviews the role of ALDH2 in modulating the pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IRI associated with oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Special emphasis is placed on the role of ALDH2 in different organs, on therapeutic "preconditioning" strategies, and on the use of ALDH2 agonists such as Alda-1, which may become a useful therapeutic tool for preventing the deleterious effects of IRI in organ transplantation.
