In the present study, the nutritional compositions of maca which was grown in a mountain area at an elevation of 2 200-2 800 m of Ebian County,Sichuan Province were measured, and then HPLC analysis on two representati...In the present study, the nutritional compositions of maca which was grown in a mountain area at an elevation of 2 200-2 800 m of Ebian County,Sichuan Province were measured, and then HPLC analysis on two representative active compounds（macaene and macamide） in the maca sample was performed.The results revealed that there were 24.20% total protein, 18.40% total amino acids（including 3.84% arginine）, 42.80% total sugars, 1.36% fat and kinds of minerals（including 1.14% potassium） in Ebian maca. HPLC fingerprints of macaene and macamide of Ebian maca were similar to those of Peru maca. The results suggested that maca could be cultivated with good quality in some mountain areas with an altitude1 000 m lower than the origin place in Peru.展开更多
We studied species of plants foraged by red deer in the Muling forest region of northeastern China during January 2014 and 2015. We focused on nutritional composition, energy content, and the digestibility of these pl...We studied species of plants foraged by red deer in the Muling forest region of northeastern China during January 2014 and 2015. We focused on nutritional composition, energy content, and the digestibility of these plants. Crude protein content varied by plant species.Average crude protein content was 7.5 ± 1.7% of dry matter, ranging from 4.5 to 10.3%. Crude lipid content did not vary by species and averaged 7 ± 1.5%(range5.4–9.8%). Non-fiber carbohydrate(NFC) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content varied broadly with average values being 20.1 ± 4.8%(range 13.5–28.8%) and64.7 ± 5.9%(range 53.5–71.8%), respectively. Energy content ranged from 16.7 to 19.7 k J/g. Average dry matter digestibility(DMD) was 46.1 ± 4.8%, with a range from38.7 to 54.6%. Only three plants, Saussurea manshurica,Aralia elata and Equisetum hyemale exhibited DMD [ 50%. NFC content explained most of the variation in energy content(r = 0.451). In contrast, energy content was inversely related to NDF(r =-0.443). There was no correlation between crude protein, crude lipid, and energy content(r= 0.004, r=-0.190). S. manshurica,A. elata and E. hyemale had higher NFC and lower NDF content. Thus, these species offered the greatest nutritional value for wintering red deer in the study area. Along with high CP and NFC content, Taxus cuspidate also had high lignin content, and was thus, considered a good forage species for red deer.展开更多
Abstract A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids （n-3 LC-PUFA） on growth, nutritional composition and immune function of marin...Abstract A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids （n-3 LC-PUFA） on growth, nutritional composition and immune function of marine fish Sebastiscus marmoratus. Five diets containing 3.6, 10.2, 18.2, 26.5, or 37.0 g/kg n-3 LC-PUFA were prepared. The results reveal significant influences of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA on the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and condition factor. As dietary n-3 LC- PUFA increased, weight gain and specific growth rate increased and were significantly higher in groups fed 18.2, 26.5 and 37.0 g/kgthan in groups fed 3.6 and 10.2 g/kg （P〈0.05）; there was no significant difference between groups fed 18.2, 26.5, or 37.0 g/kg （P〉0.05）. With increasing dietary n-3 LC-PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexenoic acid content in muscle and liver increased significantly, immunoglobulin class M content gradually increased from 9.1 to 14.8 Ixg/L, and lysozyme activity content increased from 1 355 to 2 268 U/mL. Broken line model analysis according to weight gain indicated that a dietary n-3 LC-PUFA level of 18.2 g/kg is essential for normal growth at a fat level of 125 g/kg. Therefore, appropriate dietary n-3 LC-PUFA not only promote growth and improve the n-3 LC-PUFA content, but also enhance immune function in S. marmoratus.展开更多
Glutinous rice(Oryza sativa var.glutinosa)stands out as one of the most popular rice varieties globally,amidst thousands of rice cultivars.Its increasing popularity is attributed to its rich nutritional compositions a...Glutinous rice(Oryza sativa var.glutinosa)stands out as one of the most popular rice varieties globally,amidst thousands of rice cultivars.Its increasing popularity is attributed to its rich nutritional compositions and health benefits.This review aims to summarize the nutritional compositions,volatile compounds,and health benefits of glutinous rice.Further,in-depth studies are necessary to explore the utilization of glutinous rice in enhancing processing technologies and developing new food products.Glutinous rice has been shown to possess numerous health benefits,including antioxidant activity,bioactive compounds,anti-cancer properties,anti-inflammatory effects,anti-diabetic potential,and cholesterol-lowering effects.Besides its nutritional compositions,the major volatile compounds identified in glutinous rice could serve as a functional food for human consumption.Emerging processing technologies related to glutinous rice are elaborated to improve the latest developments for incorporating them into various food products.展开更多
The present study evaluated the sensory, composition, and quality of eggs from Cosmopolitan (C), Improved Horro (H), ♂ Improved Horro * Cosmopolitan ♀ (HC), ♂ Cosmopolitan * Improved Horro ♀ (CH), Indigenous(L), a...The present study evaluated the sensory, composition, and quality of eggs from Cosmopolitan (C), Improved Horro (H), ♂ Improved Horro * Cosmopolitan ♀ (HC), ♂ Cosmopolitan * Improved Horro ♀ (CH), Indigenous(L), and Koekoek (KK) genotypes. A completely randomized design was used in the study. A total of 108 (18/genotype), 180 (30/genotype), and 90 (15/genotype) eggs were used for the sensory, composition, and egg quality tests, respectively. All data were analyzed following the GLM model using SAS software. The boiled and scrambled eggs from L, H, and C were (P ≤ 0.001) preferred followed by CH, HC, and KK. Results showed that KK, HC, CH, and C eggs were higher in moisture, crude fat, crude ash, and crude fiber, but these traits were found lower in H and L genotypes. A significantly highest crude protein was observed in L (21.19 ± 0.19) genotype, with higher in H (20.62 ± 0.26), intermediate in HC (19.96 ± 0.29), C (19.85 ± 0.10), and CH (19.40 ± 0.37), whereas the eggs from KK genotype had the lowest crude protein content (18.69 ± 0.20). The egg quality was (P = 0.001 - 0.01) affected across traits except for eggshell indices (P > 0.05). The genotypes with a negative significant correlation with crude protein had a positive significant correlation with almost all composition and egg external quality traits. The genotypes with positive significant correlations of egg weight had positive significant correlations with most internal egg quality traits except that of yolk weight ratio, yolk albumen ratio, and yolk color. Conclusively: the eggs of L, H, and C genotypes were best favored followed by CH and C, but the KK genotype was the least favored, and these differences were deemed due to genetic variations, and interventions. Furthermore, the eggs laid from genotypes with deep yellow yolk color might be the most nutritious. It could also necessitate future breeding and dietary studies.展开更多
DNA topoisomerases （topo） I and II are molecular targets of several potent anticancer agents. Thus, inhibitors of these enzymes are potential candidates for anticancer development. Traditionally, Nerita albicilla ha...DNA topoisomerases （topo） I and II are molecular targets of several potent anticancer agents. Thus, inhibitors of these enzymes are potential candidates for anticancer development. Traditionally, Nerita albicilla had been used in Kei Island, Southern Maluku, Indonesia to treat liver disease including cancer. The paper reports on the chemical composition ofNerita albicilla and its topo I inhibitor ofhexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Topoisomerase-I inhibitor activity was determined using the method reported by TopoGEN. The proximate analysis described that Nerita albicilla dried powder contained 12.45% ± 0.05% moisture; 9.17% ± 0.03% ash; 62.05% ± 0.10% protein; 5.58% ± 0.08% fat; 6.60% ± 0.02% crude fiber and 4.15% ± 0.24% carbohydrate （by difference）. Furthermore, the protein consisted of 11 essential amino acids and six non-essential amino acids. It contained significant amount of branched-chain amino acids （BCAA） valine, leucine, isoleucine （a total of 187.8 mg g-1 protein） and lower content of aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and histidine （a total of 111.26 mg .g-1 protein）. The protein score was 92.2. The yield of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts ofNerita albicilla were 2.05% ± 0.05%, 1.56% ± 0.06% and 6.99% ± 0.14%, respectively. All extracts showed topoisomerase-I inhibitor activities. Minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of methanol extract was 2.50 ug mL-1. Chemical screening of the extracts showed that they contained steroidal and alkaloid compounds. The investigation revealed that Nerita albicilla contains active compounds that could be potential for nutraceutical or pharmaceutical development.展开更多
This study analyzed the bioactive compound content and nutritional composition of Hassawi Popper(Cucurbita moschata),a local landrace of pumpkin cultivated in Saudi Arabia,and compared it with other pumpkin cultivars ...This study analyzed the bioactive compound content and nutritional composition of Hassawi Popper(Cucurbita moschata),a local landrace of pumpkin cultivated in Saudi Arabia,and compared it with other pumpkin cultivars from different regions imported to Saudi Arabia.The chemical composition,pH,color parameters,amino acid profile,mineral composition,carotenoid profile,vitamin content,phenolic acid and flavonoid content,and antioxidant activity of Hassawi Popper and two other pumpkin varieties(Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita pepo)were determined using various analytical methods.The results showed that Hassawi Popper had higher levels of protein,ash,total dietary fiber,calcium,magnesium,phosphorus,manganese,iron,zinc,copper,lysine,isoleucine,phenylalanine,aspartic acid,serine,glutamic acid,alanine,proline,β-carotene,α-carotene,vitamin B_(1),vitamin B_(2),vitamin B_(5),vitamin B_(6),total phenolic content,total flavonoid content,condensed tannin content,and antioxidant activity than the other two varieties.These findings suggest that Hassawi Popper is a valuable source of bioactive compounds and nutrients that can provide health benefits for consumers.The study also provides valuable insights for further research on the genetic diversity and phytochemical properties of Cucurbita moschata cultivars from different regions.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of different cooking methods on the nutritional composition and eating quality of peanut sprouts(PS).Five cooking methods including boiling,steaming,microwave heating,roasting,and d...This study investigated the effects of different cooking methods on the nutritional composition and eating quality of peanut sprouts(PS).Five cooking methods including boiling,steaming,microwave heating,roasting,and deep-frying were tested.Microwave heating resulted in the highest retention of crude protein(98.0%)and carbohydrate content(92.9%),while fatty acid content did not significantly differ from levels detected in untreated PS.Compared to uncooked sprouts,cooked PS exhibited increased levels of ash,fat,protein,carbohydrate,fiber,and fatty acid with a decreased moisture content.Steamed PS retained better structural integrity with higher viscosity.Microwaved and roasted PS received higher sensory scores and similar textural properties.Regarding color,microwaved and roasted PS received the highest brightness value(L^(*)),with moderate redness(a^(*))and yellowness(b^(*))values.The sensory evaluation results aligned with the textural and color data,suggesting that microwaved PS would be generally accepted by the public.展开更多
In this study,three kinds of noodles,wheat,Shepody potato and Atlantic potato noodles,were produced with blended powder consisting of wheat flour and certain amounts of various potato flours.In order to investigate th...In this study,three kinds of noodles,wheat,Shepody potato and Atlantic potato noodles,were produced with blended powder consisting of wheat flour and certain amounts of various potato flours.In order to investigate the effects of potato flour on the nutritional characteristics of noodles,the nutrient compositions of four types of noodles were analyzed:fresh noodle,dried noodle,fresh noodle after boiling,and dried noodle after boiling.Results showed that the contents of protein,crude fiber,total ash,reducing sugar,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,vitamin B3,vitamin C,most mineral elements,dietary fiber,and amino acids in potato noodles were higher than those in wheat noodles.Furthermore,drying and boiling could decrease the contents of vitamin B1,vitamin B3,and mineral elements in noodles,but the nutrient contents in potato noodles remained higher than those in wheat noodles.The comprehensive nutritional values of noodles were evaluated using the index of nutritional quality,the results showed that the nutritional value of Shepody potato noodles was the highest,followed by that of Atlantic potato noodles and then wheat noodles.展开更多
The nutritional composition and bioactive properties of roots and rhizomes of Asparagus stipularis were evaluated.Antioxidant activity of extracts obtained by infusion was evaluated using free radicals scavenging and ...The nutritional composition and bioactive properties of roots and rhizomes of Asparagus stipularis were evaluated.Antioxidant activity of extracts obtained by infusion was evaluated using free radicals scavenging and reducing power methods.Porcine liver primary cell was used to check the hepatotoxicity of infusions.Results revealed that Asparagus samples are likely a source of nutrients,such as dietary fibre and essential fatty acids.HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS characterization of infusions allowed the identification and quantitation of 7 phenolic compounds,all hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives,with caffeic acid as the most abundant.Roots infusion contained the highest amounts of these compounds.It also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in all assays,with EC_(50) values of 0.44±0.01,0.98±0.03 and 0.64±0.01 mg/mL for DPPH,ABTS and FRAP assays,respectively,with no toxicity towards PLP2 primary cell cultures(GI_(50)>400μg/mL).PLGA nanoparticles loaded with root extract were prepared using solvent-evaporation double emulsion method.Nanoparticles size was about 260 nm and a polydispersity index around 0.1,with a zeta potential of about-36 mV,as well as a good encapsulation efficiency of approximately 83%.Their morphology was analysed by SEM and spherical polymeric nanoparticles with a smooth surface were observed.FTIR and DSC were also performed,which allowed corroborating the efficacy of the encapsulation and to confirm the production of a stable and robust system to load Asparagus extracts.The developed nanoparticles are expected to be used as delivery systems for bioactive compounds of A.stipularis and they could be used as an innovative dietary supplement.展开更多
Background:Calopogonium mucunoides(C.mucunoides)is traditionally used in southeastern Nigeria for managing pain and inflammation.The quest for safer options compared to traditional anti-inflammatory medications like i...Background:Calopogonium mucunoides(C.mucunoides)is traditionally used in southeastern Nigeria for managing pain and inflammation.The quest for safer options compared to traditional anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen,aspirin,diclofenac,indomethacin,and others has increasingly drawn interest.This research assessed the nutritional makeup and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanol extract from C.mucunoides leaves(EECML)through in-vitro and in-vivo models.Methods:In vitro tests assessed EECML for its effects on platelet aggregation inhibition,phospholipase-A2 activity,albumin denaturation,hemolysis induced by hypotonicity,antioxidant capabilities,and nutrient makeup employing established biochemical techniques.The paw edema model was employed to assess in-vivo anti-inflammatory effects.Twenty-five male albino rats weighing 120–160 g each were split into five groups(n=5).Group 1 was administered normal saline;Group 2 was given 10 mg/kg body weight(b.w)of Indomethacin,whereas Groups 3,4,and 5 were administered 100,200,and 400 mg/kg b.w of EECML,respectively.Results:The extract of 1,500 g of plant material yielded 28.24 g,accounting for 1.88%of the sample used.The phytochemical analysis of EECML showed higher concentration of steroids(1.295±0.090 mg/100 g)and flavonoids(1.118±0.121 mg/100 g)compared to other secondary metabolites found.The EECML exhibited an LD50>5,000 mg/kg b.w,and contained significant antioxidant vitamins and minerals,plus appreciable amounts of carbohydrate(34.14±0.02%),moisture(32.05±0.02%)and protein(12.74±0.02%)contents.The paw sizes of rats administered escalating doses of the EECML and the standard medication,indomethacin,significantly(P<0.05)reduced markedly over time.At the 5-hour mark,the oedema inhibition percentage in the indomethacin group surpassed that of the 400 mg/kg EECML groups;nonetheless,this difference wasn’t statistically significant(P>0.05).The EECML demonstrated a strong inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl at 160µg/mL,showing a markedly(P<0.05)elevated IC50 value in comparison to the standard ascorbic acid.The EECML considerably(P<0.05)reduced platelet aggregation,phospholipase-A2 activity,albumin denaturation,and hypotonicity-induced hemolysis in a concentration-dependent manner,similar to the standard anti-inflammatory medication.Conclusion:The results indicate that EECML has substantial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects,as well as nutritional advantages,reinforcing its traditional application.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to evaluate the fermentation quality of mixed silage of Lablab purpureus and sweet sorghum, and to find out the appropriate mixing ratio. [ Method] L. purpureus were mixed with sweet sorghu...[ Objective ] The paper was to evaluate the fermentation quality of mixed silage of Lablab purpureus and sweet sorghum, and to find out the appropriate mixing ratio. [ Method] L. purpureus were mixed with sweet sorghum at different proportions, to identify the sensory character and quality of silage. [ Result] The nutrient content of mixed silage of L. purpureus and sweet sorghum at different proportions decreased significantly at 30 - 60 d, while no significant changes were observed after 60 d. Mixed silage of L. purpureu.s and sweet sorghum had the best effort at the proportion of 3：7 ; followed by the proportion of 5： 5. These two proportions significantly improved dry matter （DM） content and effectively alleviated the crude protein （CP） loss of raw materials; significantly improved the contents of crude fiber and crude ash; and significantly reduce ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen （AT/TN）. [ Conclusion ] From the perspective of silage quality, the appropriate mixing ratio ofL. purpureus and sweet sorghum is 3：7 or 5：5.展开更多
Portulaca oleracea L.,commonly known as purslane,is a worldwide weed species belonging to the family Portulacaceae and has been known as“Global Panacea”.As one of the most widely consumed green vegetables and medici...Portulaca oleracea L.,commonly known as purslane,is a worldwide weed species belonging to the family Portulacaceae and has been known as“Global Panacea”.As one of the most widely consumed green vegetables and medicinal plants around the world,it has recently been re-evaluated as a potential“new crop”due to the properties that differentiate it as one of the best vegetable sources of omega-3 fatty acid(α-linolenic acid),as well as a variety of nutrients and phytochemicals.Accordingly,emerging research has found that purslane exhibits health-promoting properties like anti-inflammatory,anti-hyperglycemic,antioxidant,neuroprotective,and immunomodulatory.These findings suggest that this species possesses a potential using as a dietary supplement beyond potherb and traditional medicine.This review systematically summarizes the up-to-date research carried out on purslane,including the nutritional compositions,bioactive compounds,and health benefits it exerts as well as limitations,challenges,and future directions of research.Finally,we hope that this review would provide purslane with a comprehensive reference and future scope as functional and health-promoting food for disease prevention and treatment.展开更多
The nutritional composition of Pneumatophorus japonicus sauce was analyzed and compared with other fish sauces. The sodium chloride content of the sample Pneumatophorus japonicus sauce was greater than 25%. The total ...The nutritional composition of Pneumatophorus japonicus sauce was analyzed and compared with other fish sauces. The sodium chloride content of the sample Pneumatophorus japonicus sauce was greater than 25%. The total soluble nitrogen content was greater than 2.1 g/100mL, and the amino nitrogen content was greater than 1.2 g/100mL. The mineral content was abundant in the Pneumatophorus japonicus sauce, the calcium content and the magnesium content were 391.50±0.03 and 375.00±0.02 mg/L respectively, much higher than those in other samples. The iron content and the zinc content were 22.30±0.04 and 2.80±0.03 mg/L, respectively. The content of free amino acids was 5 552.17 mg/100mL, the content of essential amino acids was 2 666.00 mg/100mL,The taurine content was 113.05 mg/100mL. The antioxidant activity of the fermentation broth was 90.48%, while the TCA soluble peptide content was 29.04 mg/mL. Pneumatophorus japonicus sauce is nutritionally rich and has special physiological activity.展开更多
Forage soybean is an important source of high protein forage.Variety screening and breeding not only can solve the adjustment of agricultural planting structure,but also can provide a large amount of high-protein fora...Forage soybean is an important source of high protein forage.Variety screening and breeding not only can solve the adjustment of agricultural planting structure,but also can provide a large amount of high-protein forage material,and effectively solve the problem of a serious shortage of high-protein forage in herbivorous animal husbandry in China.In this study,the feeding-type soybean strain HN389 was selected as experimental material,with three planting densities of 270000,405000 and 540000 plants•hm^(-2) and three cutting periods of the initial pod stage(R1),the initial grain stage(R2)and the early mature stage(R3)were set to determine the yield and feeding quality,in order to obtain the best planting density and harvest time of the variety.The results showed that in forage soybean strain HN389 at the R1 and R2 stages,plant height increased with increasing planting densities,while fresh and dry weight per plant decreased with increasing planting densities,and there was no significant difference at the R3 stage.The yield of hay at the R1,R2 and R3 stages increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of planting densities,and the yield per hectare was R3>R2>R1.The order of contents of crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fibers(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)in feeding quality of HN389 were R2>R1>R3,and ether extract(EE)content order was R3>R1>R2,and there was no significant difference among different groups.Two principal components were extracted from five forage indexes including CP,NDF,ADF,EE and fresh grass yield by principal component analysis.The cumulative contribution rate of principal components 1 and 2 was 90.053%,and their characteristic values were 3.617 and 0.885,respectively.After a comprehensive evaluation,harvested at the R3 stage and the density was 405000 plants•hm^(-2),HN389 had the highest comprehensive score of 0.344,yield of 38035.53 kg•hm^(-2),CP,NDF,ADF and EE contents of 17.61%,17.61%,21.54%and 3.81%,respectively.展开更多
Spices are generally consumed because of their medicinal properties, taste, and add flavor to food. Objectives: To determine the nutrient contents and heavy metals of five commonly consumed spices, namely turmeric (Cu...Spices are generally consumed because of their medicinal properties, taste, and add flavor to food. Objectives: To determine the nutrient contents and heavy metals of five commonly consumed spices, namely turmeric (Curcuma longa), bay leaf (Laurus nobilis), red chili (Capsicum annuum), coriander (Coriander sativum), and black cumin (Nigella sativa) were collected from the local market of Northern zone, Bangladesh and were analyzed. Methods: Nutrient composition was assessed by proximate analysis, trace and heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry while the indophenol method was used to determine vitamin C. Result: The results revealed that spices are good sources of carbohydrate, fiber, and fat. The highest levels of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, protein, and fat were observed in turmeric (71.1%), black cumin (40.0%), red chili (16.77%), and coriander (17.8%) respectively. Vitamin C was present in trace amounts ranging from 0.04 to 0.1 mg/100g, except black cumin (35.0 mg/100g). Essential trace minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron were significantly present in black cumin and bay leaf. Most of the heavy metal levels in the spices were appreciable amounts i.e. much lesser than the statutory safe limit approved by WHO and FAO for some of the samples. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the investigated spices are nutritionally rich, and heavy metal levels in the examined samples are safe for human consumption.展开更多
Mushroom growth of street fast food is a boon for changing lifestyle of urban people. However, its nutritional aspect is also a matter of concern. The objective of the present study was hence to assess the nutrient co...Mushroom growth of street fast food is a boon for changing lifestyle of urban people. However, its nutritional aspect is also a matter of concern. The objective of the present study was hence to assess the nutrient components of fast food sold in streets of Patna town. A total of 30 fast food samples from streets were collected from different locations of Patna town in aseptic containers and immediately transferred to the laboratory for proximate analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the collected data. In terms of nutrient contribution, the highest energy content was found in Hot potato chips （536 ~ 85.2 kcal /I00 g） followed by Chicken chawmin （527 ~ 253.08 kcal/plat）, Chilli chicken （464 ~ 91.8 kcal/plat） and Pav bhaji （425 -4- 164 kcal/plat）. Highest level of protein was detected in Chilli chicken at 27.3 ~ 5.01 g per serving. Protein of Chilli chicken supplied approximately 29% of the total energy content per serving. Maximum amount of fat was also found in Chilli ckicken （35.5 ~ 31.89 g/plat）. Total fat contribution of Chilli ckicken to the total energy per serving found to be approximately 67%. Highest level of carbohydrate was detected in Idli at 15.0 ~ 9.18 g per serving of sample which contributed approximately 91% of the total energy content per serving. From this study it was concluded that street fast foods provide an appreciable amount of recommended nutrient composition. It could be observed in this study that street fast foods supply appreciable amount of nutrients and calories to the people of Patna.展开更多
This work evaluates some physical parameters (the weight, length, diameter of fruits and seeds, number of seeds per fruit) and the effect of boiling and fermentation on the nutritional value of <em>Telfairia occ...This work evaluates some physical parameters (the weight, length, diameter of fruits and seeds, number of seeds per fruit) and the effect of boiling and fermentation on the nutritional value of <em>Telfairia occidentalis </em>(fluted pumpkin) seeds. Firstly, a survey was done in the city of Yaounde on the different treatments applied to the seeds before cooking. From the results of the survey, the seeds were divided into three groups: raw, boiled and fermented. The moisture, lipid, protein, fibre, carbohydrate and ash contents were analysed using AOAC methods and minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that <em>T. occidentalis</em> fruit averagely weighed 6.35 kg and contained about 90 seeds. The decorticated seeds had an ovoid shape, 3.70 cm long and weighed 8.91 g. Boiling led to an increase in lipid (16.29% - 31.44%) and carbohydrate (19.20% - 21.8%) but a decrease in protein (54.06% - 34.17%) contents. Fermentation increased the crude fibre (0.70% - 1.1%) but decreased the ash content (4.07% - 3.14% DM). Boiled seeds had higher calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, while fermented seeds had higher zinc levels. Boiling proved better in preserving most of the seed nutrients. These seeds could be used to prevent some mineral deficiencies and their high proteins suggest their potential for the formulation of infant foods.展开更多
Sclerocarya birrea fruits and almonds are used in human nutrition and are a source of income for the rural population of Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical and nutritional charact...Sclerocarya birrea fruits and almonds are used in human nutrition and are a source of income for the rural population of Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of Sclerocarya birrea A. rich (Anacardiaceae) almonds from Burkina Faso. Fresh ripe fruits of Sclerocarya birrea were collected in three regions of Burkina Faso: the North, the Mouhoun loop and the Hauts-Bassins. The physicochemical parameters of almonds and oil extracted from almonds were determined using AOAC methods. Amino acids were measured by HPLC and minerals by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that Sclerocarya birrea almonds have a moisture of 4.16% ± 0.40% with 4.47% ± 0.20% total ash;28.89% ± 2.08% protein;56.46% ± 2.36% total fat and 10.18% ± 2.14% carbohydrates. Amino acid profile showed that almonds contain all the essential amino acids, with high levels of histidine and phenylalanine. Total ash analyzed consists mainly of calcium (192.85 ± 169.17 mg/100g), potassium (806.71 ± 324.48 mg/100g), magnesium (386.57 ± 176.03 mg/100g) and sodium (28.68 ± 20.55 mg/100g), with a Na/K ratio of 0.03 ± 0.01. Almonds also contain iron (3.33 ± 1.50 mg/100g) and zinc (6.46 ± 3.06 mg/100g). Sclerocarya birrea oil has a refractive index at 20˚C of 1.46 ± 0.00, an iodine value of 25.40 ± 3.18 g I2/100g and a saponification value of 190.29 ± 10.25 mg KOH/g. S. birrea almonds of Burkina Faso are a source of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and essential amino acids for the diet and deserve to be developed.展开更多
Daucus carota(D.carota)is rich phytochemical content and has potential pharmacological properties.The root of the carrot serves as a nutritious source of vitamins,particularly notable for its highβ-carotene content,w...Daucus carota(D.carota)is rich phytochemical content and has potential pharmacological properties.The root of the carrot serves as a nutritious source of vitamins,particularly notable for its highβ-carotene content,which is a precursor to vitamin A.Additionally,it is an excellent source of flavonoids,polyacetylenes,phenolic acids,and carotenoids.These phytochemicals are associated with numerous health benefits,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,anticancer,and hepatoprotective effects.Recent research has expanded our knowledge of these bioactive compounds,providing insights into theirmolecular mechanisms of action.This information underscores the relevance of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of carrot phytochemicals in the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as anti-inflammatory activity,antioxidant activity,hepatoprotective activity,antifungal activity,antimicrobial activity,antibacterial activity,anticancer activity,antidiabetic activity,antiulcer activity,cardioprotective activity,antidepressant activity,antidementia effect,and analgesic effect.Moreover,the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of carrot extracts suggest their potential applications in traditional medicine and as complementary treatments in contemporary therapeutic practices.展开更多
基金Supported by the Fund for Talented Scholars of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesSpecial Fund for New Subjects from the Innovation Capability Promotion Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Finance(2013xxxk-020)~~
文摘In the present study, the nutritional compositions of maca which was grown in a mountain area at an elevation of 2 200-2 800 m of Ebian County,Sichuan Province were measured, and then HPLC analysis on two representative active compounds（macaene and macamide） in the maca sample was performed.The results revealed that there were 24.20% total protein, 18.40% total amino acids（including 3.84% arginine）, 42.80% total sugars, 1.36% fat and kinds of minerals（including 1.14% potassium） in Ebian maca. HPLC fingerprints of macaene and macamide of Ebian maca were similar to those of Peru maca. The results suggested that maca could be cultivated with good quality in some mountain areas with an altitude1 000 m lower than the origin place in Peru.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31500328)part of a larger research program on the winter nutritional ecology of red deer in the Muling forest region
文摘We studied species of plants foraged by red deer in the Muling forest region of northeastern China during January 2014 and 2015. We focused on nutritional composition, energy content, and the digestibility of these plants. Crude protein content varied by plant species.Average crude protein content was 7.5 ± 1.7% of dry matter, ranging from 4.5 to 10.3%. Crude lipid content did not vary by species and averaged 7 ± 1.5%(range5.4–9.8%). Non-fiber carbohydrate(NFC) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content varied broadly with average values being 20.1 ± 4.8%(range 13.5–28.8%) and64.7 ± 5.9%(range 53.5–71.8%), respectively. Energy content ranged from 16.7 to 19.7 k J/g. Average dry matter digestibility(DMD) was 46.1 ± 4.8%, with a range from38.7 to 54.6%. Only three plants, Saussurea manshurica,Aralia elata and Equisetum hyemale exhibited DMD [ 50%. NFC content explained most of the variation in energy content(r = 0.451). In contrast, energy content was inversely related to NDF(r =-0.443). There was no correlation between crude protein, crude lipid, and energy content(r= 0.004, r=-0.190). S. manshurica,A. elata and E. hyemale had higher NFC and lower NDF content. Thus, these species offered the greatest nutritional value for wintering red deer in the study area. Along with high CP and NFC content, Taxus cuspidate also had high lignin content, and was thus, considered a good forage species for red deer.
基金Supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2011BAD13B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31202009)the Central Nonprofit Basic Scientific Research Project for the Scientific Research Institutes of China(No.East-2011M09)
文摘Abstract A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids （n-3 LC-PUFA） on growth, nutritional composition and immune function of marine fish Sebastiscus marmoratus. Five diets containing 3.6, 10.2, 18.2, 26.5, or 37.0 g/kg n-3 LC-PUFA were prepared. The results reveal significant influences of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA on the final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and condition factor. As dietary n-3 LC- PUFA increased, weight gain and specific growth rate increased and were significantly higher in groups fed 18.2, 26.5 and 37.0 g/kgthan in groups fed 3.6 and 10.2 g/kg （P〈0.05）; there was no significant difference between groups fed 18.2, 26.5, or 37.0 g/kg （P〉0.05）. With increasing dietary n-3 LC-PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexenoic acid content in muscle and liver increased significantly, immunoglobulin class M content gradually increased from 9.1 to 14.8 Ixg/L, and lysozyme activity content increased from 1 355 to 2 268 U/mL. Broken line model analysis according to weight gain indicated that a dietary n-3 LC-PUFA level of 18.2 g/kg is essential for normal growth at a fat level of 125 g/kg. Therefore, appropriate dietary n-3 LC-PUFA not only promote growth and improve the n-3 LC-PUFA content, but also enhance immune function in S. marmoratus.
基金the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia for financial support via the Transdisciplinary Research Grant Scheme Project(Grant No.TRGS/1/2020/UPM/02/7)。
文摘Glutinous rice(Oryza sativa var.glutinosa)stands out as one of the most popular rice varieties globally,amidst thousands of rice cultivars.Its increasing popularity is attributed to its rich nutritional compositions and health benefits.This review aims to summarize the nutritional compositions,volatile compounds,and health benefits of glutinous rice.Further,in-depth studies are necessary to explore the utilization of glutinous rice in enhancing processing technologies and developing new food products.Glutinous rice has been shown to possess numerous health benefits,including antioxidant activity,bioactive compounds,anti-cancer properties,anti-inflammatory effects,anti-diabetic potential,and cholesterol-lowering effects.Besides its nutritional compositions,the major volatile compounds identified in glutinous rice could serve as a functional food for human consumption.Emerging processing technologies related to glutinous rice are elaborated to improve the latest developments for incorporating them into various food products.
文摘The present study evaluated the sensory, composition, and quality of eggs from Cosmopolitan (C), Improved Horro (H), ♂ Improved Horro * Cosmopolitan ♀ (HC), ♂ Cosmopolitan * Improved Horro ♀ (CH), Indigenous(L), and Koekoek (KK) genotypes. A completely randomized design was used in the study. A total of 108 (18/genotype), 180 (30/genotype), and 90 (15/genotype) eggs were used for the sensory, composition, and egg quality tests, respectively. All data were analyzed following the GLM model using SAS software. The boiled and scrambled eggs from L, H, and C were (P ≤ 0.001) preferred followed by CH, HC, and KK. Results showed that KK, HC, CH, and C eggs were higher in moisture, crude fat, crude ash, and crude fiber, but these traits were found lower in H and L genotypes. A significantly highest crude protein was observed in L (21.19 ± 0.19) genotype, with higher in H (20.62 ± 0.26), intermediate in HC (19.96 ± 0.29), C (19.85 ± 0.10), and CH (19.40 ± 0.37), whereas the eggs from KK genotype had the lowest crude protein content (18.69 ± 0.20). The egg quality was (P = 0.001 - 0.01) affected across traits except for eggshell indices (P > 0.05). The genotypes with a negative significant correlation with crude protein had a positive significant correlation with almost all composition and egg external quality traits. The genotypes with positive significant correlations of egg weight had positive significant correlations with most internal egg quality traits except that of yolk weight ratio, yolk albumen ratio, and yolk color. Conclusively: the eggs of L, H, and C genotypes were best favored followed by CH and C, but the KK genotype was the least favored, and these differences were deemed due to genetic variations, and interventions. Furthermore, the eggs laid from genotypes with deep yellow yolk color might be the most nutritious. It could also necessitate future breeding and dietary studies.
文摘DNA topoisomerases （topo） I and II are molecular targets of several potent anticancer agents. Thus, inhibitors of these enzymes are potential candidates for anticancer development. Traditionally, Nerita albicilla had been used in Kei Island, Southern Maluku, Indonesia to treat liver disease including cancer. The paper reports on the chemical composition ofNerita albicilla and its topo I inhibitor ofhexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Topoisomerase-I inhibitor activity was determined using the method reported by TopoGEN. The proximate analysis described that Nerita albicilla dried powder contained 12.45% ± 0.05% moisture; 9.17% ± 0.03% ash; 62.05% ± 0.10% protein; 5.58% ± 0.08% fat; 6.60% ± 0.02% crude fiber and 4.15% ± 0.24% carbohydrate （by difference）. Furthermore, the protein consisted of 11 essential amino acids and six non-essential amino acids. It contained significant amount of branched-chain amino acids （BCAA） valine, leucine, isoleucine （a total of 187.8 mg g-1 protein） and lower content of aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and histidine （a total of 111.26 mg .g-1 protein）. The protein score was 92.2. The yield of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts ofNerita albicilla were 2.05% ± 0.05%, 1.56% ± 0.06% and 6.99% ± 0.14%, respectively. All extracts showed topoisomerase-I inhibitor activities. Minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of methanol extract was 2.50 ug mL-1. Chemical screening of the extracts showed that they contained steroidal and alkaloid compounds. The investigation revealed that Nerita albicilla contains active compounds that could be potential for nutraceutical or pharmaceutical development.
文摘This study analyzed the bioactive compound content and nutritional composition of Hassawi Popper(Cucurbita moschata),a local landrace of pumpkin cultivated in Saudi Arabia,and compared it with other pumpkin cultivars from different regions imported to Saudi Arabia.The chemical composition,pH,color parameters,amino acid profile,mineral composition,carotenoid profile,vitamin content,phenolic acid and flavonoid content,and antioxidant activity of Hassawi Popper and two other pumpkin varieties(Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita pepo)were determined using various analytical methods.The results showed that Hassawi Popper had higher levels of protein,ash,total dietary fiber,calcium,magnesium,phosphorus,manganese,iron,zinc,copper,lysine,isoleucine,phenylalanine,aspartic acid,serine,glutamic acid,alanine,proline,β-carotene,α-carotene,vitamin B_(1),vitamin B_(2),vitamin B_(5),vitamin B_(6),total phenolic content,total flavonoid content,condensed tannin content,and antioxidant activity than the other two varieties.These findings suggest that Hassawi Popper is a valuable source of bioactive compounds and nutrients that can provide health benefits for consumers.The study also provides valuable insights for further research on the genetic diversity and phytochemical properties of Cucurbita moschata cultivars from different regions.
基金funded by the 2024 Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2024-MS-232)。
文摘This study investigated the effects of different cooking methods on the nutritional composition and eating quality of peanut sprouts(PS).Five cooking methods including boiling,steaming,microwave heating,roasting,and deep-frying were tested.Microwave heating resulted in the highest retention of crude protein(98.0%)and carbohydrate content(92.9%),while fatty acid content did not significantly differ from levels detected in untreated PS.Compared to uncooked sprouts,cooked PS exhibited increased levels of ash,fat,protein,carbohydrate,fiber,and fatty acid with a decreased moisture content.Steamed PS retained better structural integrity with higher viscosity.Microwaved and roasted PS received higher sensory scores and similar textural properties.Regarding color,microwaved and roasted PS received the highest brightness value(L^(*)),with moderate redness(a^(*))and yellowness(b^(*))values.The sensory evaluation results aligned with the textural and color data,suggesting that microwaved PS would be generally accepted by the public.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:31601507)the Public Welfare Industry(Agriculture)Scientific Research Projects of China(Grant No:201503001-2).
文摘In this study,three kinds of noodles,wheat,Shepody potato and Atlantic potato noodles,were produced with blended powder consisting of wheat flour and certain amounts of various potato flours.In order to investigate the effects of potato flour on the nutritional characteristics of noodles,the nutrient compositions of four types of noodles were analyzed:fresh noodle,dried noodle,fresh noodle after boiling,and dried noodle after boiling.Results showed that the contents of protein,crude fiber,total ash,reducing sugar,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,vitamin B3,vitamin C,most mineral elements,dietary fiber,and amino acids in potato noodles were higher than those in wheat noodles.Furthermore,drying and boiling could decrease the contents of vitamin B1,vitamin B3,and mineral elements in noodles,but the nutrient contents in potato noodles remained higher than those in wheat noodles.The comprehensive nutritional values of noodles were evaluated using the index of nutritional quality,the results showed that the nutritional value of Shepody potato noodles was the highest,followed by that of Atlantic potato noodles and then wheat noodles.
基金ALIMNOVA Research Group(UCM GR105/18)Spanish Government through the project PID2019-109365RA-I00+7 种基金Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT,Portugal)for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO(UIDB/00690/2020)LAQV(UIDB/50006/2020)CCMar(UIDB/04326/2020)CBIOS(UIDB/04567/2020)iBB-IST(UIDB/04565/2020)National funding by FCT,P.I.,through the institutional scientific employment program-contractFEDER-Interreg Espana-Portugal programme for financial support through the project 0377_Iberphenol_6_Efinancially supported by the Spanish Government through the project AGL2015-64522-C2-2-R.
文摘The nutritional composition and bioactive properties of roots and rhizomes of Asparagus stipularis were evaluated.Antioxidant activity of extracts obtained by infusion was evaluated using free radicals scavenging and reducing power methods.Porcine liver primary cell was used to check the hepatotoxicity of infusions.Results revealed that Asparagus samples are likely a source of nutrients,such as dietary fibre and essential fatty acids.HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS characterization of infusions allowed the identification and quantitation of 7 phenolic compounds,all hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives,with caffeic acid as the most abundant.Roots infusion contained the highest amounts of these compounds.It also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in all assays,with EC_(50) values of 0.44±0.01,0.98±0.03 and 0.64±0.01 mg/mL for DPPH,ABTS and FRAP assays,respectively,with no toxicity towards PLP2 primary cell cultures(GI_(50)>400μg/mL).PLGA nanoparticles loaded with root extract were prepared using solvent-evaporation double emulsion method.Nanoparticles size was about 260 nm and a polydispersity index around 0.1,with a zeta potential of about-36 mV,as well as a good encapsulation efficiency of approximately 83%.Their morphology was analysed by SEM and spherical polymeric nanoparticles with a smooth surface were observed.FTIR and DSC were also performed,which allowed corroborating the efficacy of the encapsulation and to confirm the production of a stable and robust system to load Asparagus extracts.The developed nanoparticles are expected to be used as delivery systems for bioactive compounds of A.stipularis and they could be used as an innovative dietary supplement.
文摘Background:Calopogonium mucunoides(C.mucunoides)is traditionally used in southeastern Nigeria for managing pain and inflammation.The quest for safer options compared to traditional anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen,aspirin,diclofenac,indomethacin,and others has increasingly drawn interest.This research assessed the nutritional makeup and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanol extract from C.mucunoides leaves(EECML)through in-vitro and in-vivo models.Methods:In vitro tests assessed EECML for its effects on platelet aggregation inhibition,phospholipase-A2 activity,albumin denaturation,hemolysis induced by hypotonicity,antioxidant capabilities,and nutrient makeup employing established biochemical techniques.The paw edema model was employed to assess in-vivo anti-inflammatory effects.Twenty-five male albino rats weighing 120–160 g each were split into five groups(n=5).Group 1 was administered normal saline;Group 2 was given 10 mg/kg body weight(b.w)of Indomethacin,whereas Groups 3,4,and 5 were administered 100,200,and 400 mg/kg b.w of EECML,respectively.Results:The extract of 1,500 g of plant material yielded 28.24 g,accounting for 1.88%of the sample used.The phytochemical analysis of EECML showed higher concentration of steroids(1.295±0.090 mg/100 g)and flavonoids(1.118±0.121 mg/100 g)compared to other secondary metabolites found.The EECML exhibited an LD50>5,000 mg/kg b.w,and contained significant antioxidant vitamins and minerals,plus appreciable amounts of carbohydrate(34.14±0.02%),moisture(32.05±0.02%)and protein(12.74±0.02%)contents.The paw sizes of rats administered escalating doses of the EECML and the standard medication,indomethacin,significantly(P<0.05)reduced markedly over time.At the 5-hour mark,the oedema inhibition percentage in the indomethacin group surpassed that of the 400 mg/kg EECML groups;nonetheless,this difference wasn’t statistically significant(P>0.05).The EECML demonstrated a strong inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl at 160µg/mL,showing a markedly(P<0.05)elevated IC50 value in comparison to the standard ascorbic acid.The EECML considerably(P<0.05)reduced platelet aggregation,phospholipase-A2 activity,albumin denaturation,and hypotonicity-induced hemolysis in a concentration-dependent manner,similar to the standard anti-inflammatory medication.Conclusion:The results indicate that EECML has substantial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects,as well as nutritional advantages,reinforcing its traditional application.
基金Supported by Major Project of Science and Technology Plan in Hunan Province(2017NK1020)
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to evaluate the fermentation quality of mixed silage of Lablab purpureus and sweet sorghum, and to find out the appropriate mixing ratio. [ Method] L. purpureus were mixed with sweet sorghum at different proportions, to identify the sensory character and quality of silage. [ Result] The nutrient content of mixed silage of L. purpureus and sweet sorghum at different proportions decreased significantly at 30 - 60 d, while no significant changes were observed after 60 d. Mixed silage of L. purpureu.s and sweet sorghum had the best effort at the proportion of 3：7 ; followed by the proportion of 5： 5. These two proportions significantly improved dry matter （DM） content and effectively alleviated the crude protein （CP） loss of raw materials; significantly improved the contents of crude fiber and crude ash; and significantly reduce ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen （AT/TN）. [ Conclusion ] From the perspective of silage quality, the appropriate mixing ratio ofL. purpureus and sweet sorghum is 3：7 or 5：5.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170408,32000280,and U1802287)the Ten Thousand Talents Plan of Yunnan Province for Industrial Technology Leading Talents(YNWR-CYJS-2019-011)+2 种基金Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program“Top Team”Project(202305AT350001)the Training of Technological Innovation Talents of Yunnan Province(202305AD160009 for Huan Yan)the Project of Yunnan Characteristic Plant Screening and R&D Service CXO Platform(2022YKZY001).
文摘Portulaca oleracea L.,commonly known as purslane,is a worldwide weed species belonging to the family Portulacaceae and has been known as“Global Panacea”.As one of the most widely consumed green vegetables and medicinal plants around the world,it has recently been re-evaluated as a potential“new crop”due to the properties that differentiate it as one of the best vegetable sources of omega-3 fatty acid(α-linolenic acid),as well as a variety of nutrients and phytochemicals.Accordingly,emerging research has found that purslane exhibits health-promoting properties like anti-inflammatory,anti-hyperglycemic,antioxidant,neuroprotective,and immunomodulatory.These findings suggest that this species possesses a potential using as a dietary supplement beyond potherb and traditional medicine.This review systematically summarizes the up-to-date research carried out on purslane,including the nutritional compositions,bioactive compounds,and health benefits it exerts as well as limitations,challenges,and future directions of research.Finally,we hope that this review would provide purslane with a comprehensive reference and future scope as functional and health-promoting food for disease prevention and treatment.
文摘The nutritional composition of Pneumatophorus japonicus sauce was analyzed and compared with other fish sauces. The sodium chloride content of the sample Pneumatophorus japonicus sauce was greater than 25%. The total soluble nitrogen content was greater than 2.1 g/100mL, and the amino nitrogen content was greater than 1.2 g/100mL. The mineral content was abundant in the Pneumatophorus japonicus sauce, the calcium content and the magnesium content were 391.50±0.03 and 375.00±0.02 mg/L respectively, much higher than those in other samples. The iron content and the zinc content were 22.30±0.04 and 2.80±0.03 mg/L, respectively. The content of free amino acids was 5 552.17 mg/100mL, the content of essential amino acids was 2 666.00 mg/100mL,The taurine content was 113.05 mg/100mL. The antioxidant activity of the fermentation broth was 90.48%, while the TCA soluble peptide content was 29.04 mg/mL. Pneumatophorus japonicus sauce is nutritionally rich and has special physiological activity.
基金Supported by Fund of Popularization and Demonstration of Mixed Sowing of Forage Beans and Silage Corn to Improve Green Feeding Quality of Dairy Cows(2015RQXXJ013)。
文摘Forage soybean is an important source of high protein forage.Variety screening and breeding not only can solve the adjustment of agricultural planting structure,but also can provide a large amount of high-protein forage material,and effectively solve the problem of a serious shortage of high-protein forage in herbivorous animal husbandry in China.In this study,the feeding-type soybean strain HN389 was selected as experimental material,with three planting densities of 270000,405000 and 540000 plants•hm^(-2) and three cutting periods of the initial pod stage(R1),the initial grain stage(R2)and the early mature stage(R3)were set to determine the yield and feeding quality,in order to obtain the best planting density and harvest time of the variety.The results showed that in forage soybean strain HN389 at the R1 and R2 stages,plant height increased with increasing planting densities,while fresh and dry weight per plant decreased with increasing planting densities,and there was no significant difference at the R3 stage.The yield of hay at the R1,R2 and R3 stages increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of planting densities,and the yield per hectare was R3>R2>R1.The order of contents of crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fibers(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)in feeding quality of HN389 were R2>R1>R3,and ether extract(EE)content order was R3>R1>R2,and there was no significant difference among different groups.Two principal components were extracted from five forage indexes including CP,NDF,ADF,EE and fresh grass yield by principal component analysis.The cumulative contribution rate of principal components 1 and 2 was 90.053%,and their characteristic values were 3.617 and 0.885,respectively.After a comprehensive evaluation,harvested at the R3 stage and the density was 405000 plants•hm^(-2),HN389 had the highest comprehensive score of 0.344,yield of 38035.53 kg•hm^(-2),CP,NDF,ADF and EE contents of 17.61%,17.61%,21.54%and 3.81%,respectively.
文摘Spices are generally consumed because of their medicinal properties, taste, and add flavor to food. Objectives: To determine the nutrient contents and heavy metals of five commonly consumed spices, namely turmeric (Curcuma longa), bay leaf (Laurus nobilis), red chili (Capsicum annuum), coriander (Coriander sativum), and black cumin (Nigella sativa) were collected from the local market of Northern zone, Bangladesh and were analyzed. Methods: Nutrient composition was assessed by proximate analysis, trace and heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry while the indophenol method was used to determine vitamin C. Result: The results revealed that spices are good sources of carbohydrate, fiber, and fat. The highest levels of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, protein, and fat were observed in turmeric (71.1%), black cumin (40.0%), red chili (16.77%), and coriander (17.8%) respectively. Vitamin C was present in trace amounts ranging from 0.04 to 0.1 mg/100g, except black cumin (35.0 mg/100g). Essential trace minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron were significantly present in black cumin and bay leaf. Most of the heavy metal levels in the spices were appreciable amounts i.e. much lesser than the statutory safe limit approved by WHO and FAO for some of the samples. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the investigated spices are nutritionally rich, and heavy metal levels in the examined samples are safe for human consumption.
文摘Mushroom growth of street fast food is a boon for changing lifestyle of urban people. However, its nutritional aspect is also a matter of concern. The objective of the present study was hence to assess the nutrient components of fast food sold in streets of Patna town. A total of 30 fast food samples from streets were collected from different locations of Patna town in aseptic containers and immediately transferred to the laboratory for proximate analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the collected data. In terms of nutrient contribution, the highest energy content was found in Hot potato chips （536 ~ 85.2 kcal /I00 g） followed by Chicken chawmin （527 ~ 253.08 kcal/plat）, Chilli chicken （464 ~ 91.8 kcal/plat） and Pav bhaji （425 -4- 164 kcal/plat）. Highest level of protein was detected in Chilli chicken at 27.3 ~ 5.01 g per serving. Protein of Chilli chicken supplied approximately 29% of the total energy content per serving. Maximum amount of fat was also found in Chilli ckicken （35.5 ~ 31.89 g/plat）. Total fat contribution of Chilli ckicken to the total energy per serving found to be approximately 67%. Highest level of carbohydrate was detected in Idli at 15.0 ~ 9.18 g per serving of sample which contributed approximately 91% of the total energy content per serving. From this study it was concluded that street fast foods provide an appreciable amount of recommended nutrient composition. It could be observed in this study that street fast foods supply appreciable amount of nutrients and calories to the people of Patna.
文摘This work evaluates some physical parameters (the weight, length, diameter of fruits and seeds, number of seeds per fruit) and the effect of boiling and fermentation on the nutritional value of <em>Telfairia occidentalis </em>(fluted pumpkin) seeds. Firstly, a survey was done in the city of Yaounde on the different treatments applied to the seeds before cooking. From the results of the survey, the seeds were divided into three groups: raw, boiled and fermented. The moisture, lipid, protein, fibre, carbohydrate and ash contents were analysed using AOAC methods and minerals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that <em>T. occidentalis</em> fruit averagely weighed 6.35 kg and contained about 90 seeds. The decorticated seeds had an ovoid shape, 3.70 cm long and weighed 8.91 g. Boiling led to an increase in lipid (16.29% - 31.44%) and carbohydrate (19.20% - 21.8%) but a decrease in protein (54.06% - 34.17%) contents. Fermentation increased the crude fibre (0.70% - 1.1%) but decreased the ash content (4.07% - 3.14% DM). Boiled seeds had higher calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, while fermented seeds had higher zinc levels. Boiling proved better in preserving most of the seed nutrients. These seeds could be used to prevent some mineral deficiencies and their high proteins suggest their potential for the formulation of infant foods.
文摘Sclerocarya birrea fruits and almonds are used in human nutrition and are a source of income for the rural population of Burkina Faso. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of Sclerocarya birrea A. rich (Anacardiaceae) almonds from Burkina Faso. Fresh ripe fruits of Sclerocarya birrea were collected in three regions of Burkina Faso: the North, the Mouhoun loop and the Hauts-Bassins. The physicochemical parameters of almonds and oil extracted from almonds were determined using AOAC methods. Amino acids were measured by HPLC and minerals by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that Sclerocarya birrea almonds have a moisture of 4.16% ± 0.40% with 4.47% ± 0.20% total ash;28.89% ± 2.08% protein;56.46% ± 2.36% total fat and 10.18% ± 2.14% carbohydrates. Amino acid profile showed that almonds contain all the essential amino acids, with high levels of histidine and phenylalanine. Total ash analyzed consists mainly of calcium (192.85 ± 169.17 mg/100g), potassium (806.71 ± 324.48 mg/100g), magnesium (386.57 ± 176.03 mg/100g) and sodium (28.68 ± 20.55 mg/100g), with a Na/K ratio of 0.03 ± 0.01. Almonds also contain iron (3.33 ± 1.50 mg/100g) and zinc (6.46 ± 3.06 mg/100g). Sclerocarya birrea oil has a refractive index at 20˚C of 1.46 ± 0.00, an iodine value of 25.40 ± 3.18 g I2/100g and a saponification value of 190.29 ± 10.25 mg KOH/g. S. birrea almonds of Burkina Faso are a source of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and essential amino acids for the diet and deserve to be developed.
文摘Daucus carota(D.carota)is rich phytochemical content and has potential pharmacological properties.The root of the carrot serves as a nutritious source of vitamins,particularly notable for its highβ-carotene content,which is a precursor to vitamin A.Additionally,it is an excellent source of flavonoids,polyacetylenes,phenolic acids,and carotenoids.These phytochemicals are associated with numerous health benefits,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,anticancer,and hepatoprotective effects.Recent research has expanded our knowledge of these bioactive compounds,providing insights into theirmolecular mechanisms of action.This information underscores the relevance of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of carrot phytochemicals in the prevention and management of chronic diseases such as anti-inflammatory activity,antioxidant activity,hepatoprotective activity,antifungal activity,antimicrobial activity,antibacterial activity,anticancer activity,antidiabetic activity,antiulcer activity,cardioprotective activity,antidepressant activity,antidementia effect,and analgesic effect.Moreover,the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of carrot extracts suggest their potential applications in traditional medicine and as complementary treatments in contemporary therapeutic practices.
