Fertilization is essential for oilseed rape because it is sensitivity to nutrient deficiency, especially for winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.). To investigate regional nutrient efficiency and nutrient uptake-yiel...Fertilization is essential for oilseed rape because it is sensitivity to nutrient deficiency, especially for winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.). To investigate regional nutrient efficiency and nutrient uptake-yield relationship of winter oilseed rape in an intensive cropping system, this study used data from 619 site-year on-farm experiments carried out in the winter oilseed rape planting area of the Yangtze River Basin, China from 2005 to 2010, with large yield in the range of 179–4 470 kg ha^(-1). Currently recommended application rates of N, P and K fertilizers increased rapeseed yield at different levels of soil indigenous nutrient supply(INS) in this region. Boundary values of plant nutrient uptake were established to analyze the nutrient uptake-yield relationship of winter oilseed rape(internal nutrient efficiency), i.e., 128 kg N ha^(-1), 24 kg P ha^(-1), and 122 kg K ha^(-1). The internal nutrient efficiency declined by 48.2%–64.1% when nutrient uptake exceeded the boundary value, resulting in excessive nutrient uptake(i.e., low yield response with high nutrient uptake), especially for K. In the intensive cropping system, agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K were 5.9, 3.4, and3.6 kg kg^(-1), and recovery efficiencies of N, P, and K were 35.6%, 24.1%, and 36.8%, respectively. These findings showed that the fertilization rate should be optimized by considering INS, nutrient status, and nutrient efficiency of winter oilseed rape. In this study,considering the lower yield improvement to high K uptake levels and low K fertilizer efficiency, application rate of K fertilizer should be reduced since soil K deficiency has already been mitigated.展开更多
Nutrient balance is essential for attaining high yield and improving profits in agricultural farming systems,and crop nutrient uptake ratio and stoichiometry can indicate crop nutrient limitations in the field.We coll...Nutrient balance is essential for attaining high yield and improving profits in agricultural farming systems,and crop nutrient uptake ratio and stoichiometry can indicate crop nutrient limitations in the field.We collected a large amount of field data to study the variations in yield,nutrient uptake and nutrient stoichiometry of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)in Southeast China(SEC),North-central China(NCC),and Northeast China(NEC),during 1993 to 2018.Peanut pod yield gradually increased from 1993 to 2018,with average yields of 4148,5138,and 4635 kg ha–1 in SEC,NCC,and NEC,respectively.The nitrogen(N)internal efficiency(NIE,yield to N uptake ratio)was similar among the three regions,but phosphorus(P)IE(PIE,yield to P uptake ratio)changed from low to high among regions:NCC<SEC<NEC,while potassium(K)IE(KIE,yield to K uptake ratio)portrayed a different pattern of SEC<NCC<NEC.Based on the nutrient IE,to produce 1 Mg of pod yield,the average N,P,and K requirements of the above-ground parts of peanut were roughly 47.2,5.1,and 25.5 kg in SEC,44.8,5.7,and 20.6 kg in NCC,and 44.6,4.4,and 14.7 kg in NEC,respectively.The N/P ratio changed in the sequence NCC<SEC<NEC,and the N/K ratio was similar in NEC and NCC,but lower in SEC.The N harvest index(HI)and KHI declined with increasing nutrient uptake across all regions under high nutrient uptake.The low PIE and N/P ratios in NCC could be explained by the high P accumulation in stover,and high KIE and N/K ratios in NEC may be attributed to the low soil K supply.The frontier analysis approach provides a practical framework and allows documentation of a decline in nutrient HI as nutrient uptake increases.Lastly,this study reveals the limitation and surplus of nutrients of peanut in different regions of China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFD0200102)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (No. 2662016PY117)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (No. CARS-13)the Chinese National Project of Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation
文摘Fertilization is essential for oilseed rape because it is sensitivity to nutrient deficiency, especially for winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.). To investigate regional nutrient efficiency and nutrient uptake-yield relationship of winter oilseed rape in an intensive cropping system, this study used data from 619 site-year on-farm experiments carried out in the winter oilseed rape planting area of the Yangtze River Basin, China from 2005 to 2010, with large yield in the range of 179–4 470 kg ha^(-1). Currently recommended application rates of N, P and K fertilizers increased rapeseed yield at different levels of soil indigenous nutrient supply(INS) in this region. Boundary values of plant nutrient uptake were established to analyze the nutrient uptake-yield relationship of winter oilseed rape(internal nutrient efficiency), i.e., 128 kg N ha^(-1), 24 kg P ha^(-1), and 122 kg K ha^(-1). The internal nutrient efficiency declined by 48.2%–64.1% when nutrient uptake exceeded the boundary value, resulting in excessive nutrient uptake(i.e., low yield response with high nutrient uptake), especially for K. In the intensive cropping system, agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K were 5.9, 3.4, and3.6 kg kg^(-1), and recovery efficiencies of N, P, and K were 35.6%, 24.1%, and 36.8%, respectively. These findings showed that the fertilization rate should be optimized by considering INS, nutrient status, and nutrient efficiency of winter oilseed rape. In this study,considering the lower yield improvement to high K uptake levels and low K fertilizer efficiency, application rate of K fertilizer should be reduced since soil K deficiency has already been mitigated.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0201001 and 2016YFD0200102)the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station,USA(21-079-J)。
文摘Nutrient balance is essential for attaining high yield and improving profits in agricultural farming systems,and crop nutrient uptake ratio and stoichiometry can indicate crop nutrient limitations in the field.We collected a large amount of field data to study the variations in yield,nutrient uptake and nutrient stoichiometry of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)in Southeast China(SEC),North-central China(NCC),and Northeast China(NEC),during 1993 to 2018.Peanut pod yield gradually increased from 1993 to 2018,with average yields of 4148,5138,and 4635 kg ha–1 in SEC,NCC,and NEC,respectively.The nitrogen(N)internal efficiency(NIE,yield to N uptake ratio)was similar among the three regions,but phosphorus(P)IE(PIE,yield to P uptake ratio)changed from low to high among regions:NCC<SEC<NEC,while potassium(K)IE(KIE,yield to K uptake ratio)portrayed a different pattern of SEC<NCC<NEC.Based on the nutrient IE,to produce 1 Mg of pod yield,the average N,P,and K requirements of the above-ground parts of peanut were roughly 47.2,5.1,and 25.5 kg in SEC,44.8,5.7,and 20.6 kg in NCC,and 44.6,4.4,and 14.7 kg in NEC,respectively.The N/P ratio changed in the sequence NCC<SEC<NEC,and the N/K ratio was similar in NEC and NCC,but lower in SEC.The N harvest index(HI)and KHI declined with increasing nutrient uptake across all regions under high nutrient uptake.The low PIE and N/P ratios in NCC could be explained by the high P accumulation in stover,and high KIE and N/K ratios in NEC may be attributed to the low soil K supply.The frontier analysis approach provides a practical framework and allows documentation of a decline in nutrient HI as nutrient uptake increases.Lastly,this study reveals the limitation and surplus of nutrients of peanut in different regions of China.
