The microstructure of Al-Fe-V-Si-Nd alloy prepared by rapid solidification (RS) processing was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM)....The microstructure of Al-Fe-V-Si-Nd alloy prepared by rapid solidification (RS) processing was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The phase selection of the alloy during solidification and the nucleation behavior of Al8Fe4Nd phase were analyzed within the framework of time-dependent nucleation theory. The incubation time for Al8Fe4Nd phase was found shorter and the nucleation rate higher than those of α-Al. The results indicate the nucleation of Al8Fe4Nd phase is heterogeneous and the dispersoids of Al8Fe4Nd form as primary particles from the liquid, which is consistent with experimental observation.展开更多
The heterogeneous nucleation behaviors of NHaCI crystal on a rough chilling surface of aluminum immerged in NHaCI-H20 solution were experimentally analyzed and the relationship between the surface roughness and the nu...The heterogeneous nucleation behaviors of NHaCI crystal on a rough chilling surface of aluminum immerged in NHaCI-H20 solution were experimentally analyzed and the relationship between the surface roughness and the nucleation site selection behaviors on polished aluminum substrate was investigated, and it was discovered that the number of nucleation sites decreases significantly with decreasing the roughness of the polished substrate. Further nucleation experiments were carried out on chemically etched aluminum substrate with regular micro- morphology on its surface. It has been shown that both the micro-morphology and the wettability vary with the substrate surface prepared by different etching process. The prepared surface with step-like structures has a strong wettability with NH4CI-70 wt% H20 solution and the nucleation density of NH4CI on the its surfaces is significantly higher than that of the reference surfaces, which shows that the geometrical morphology features have important effects on both the wettability and the nucleation behaviors.展开更多
The site order parameter (SOP) has been adopted to analyze various orders of structure formation and distribution during the crystallization of a polyethylene globule simulated by molecular dynamics. The SOP not only ...The site order parameter (SOP) has been adopted to analyze various orders of structure formation and distribution during the crystallization of a polyethylene globule simulated by molecular dynamics. The SOP not only identifies different orders among the structures but also different phases. The results showed that intermediate structures with medium order exist unevenly in the early stage of nucleation, which differs from traditional models. We found that the nucleation relies on crystallinity fluctuations with increasing amplitude, and a baby nucleus with different shape and increasing size suddenly appears in the fluctuations. Once its size is large enough, the baby nucleus becomes the nucleus. In the growth stage, a number of lamellar mergences were observed and their selective behaviors were related to the orientation differences between the lamellae to be merged. The SOP distribution of all atoms in the system during crystallization had two peaks: one for the amorphous phase and the other for the crystalline phase. The intermediate structures with medium orders are located between the two peaks as an order promotion pathway. The data show that the medium order structure fluctuates at the growth front and is not always available, and that the medium order structure existing at the front is not always good for development. It is possibly caused by chain entanglement. Structure fluctuation at the growth front enables the system showing thousands of the most probable configurations to approach the precursor. The growth front is thus active for a while and inactive at other times.展开更多
The coverage and temperature-dependent nucleation behaviors of the Gd@C82 metallofullerenes on Cu（111） have been studied by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy （LT-STM） in detail. Upon molecular depositi...The coverage and temperature-dependent nucleation behaviors of the Gd@C82 metallofullerenes on Cu（111） have been studied by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy （LT-STM） in detail. Upon molecular deposition at low temperature, Gd@C82 molecules preferentially decorate the steps and nucleate into single layer islands with increasing coverage. Further annealing treatment leads some of the Gd@C82 molecules to assemble into bright and dim patches, which are correlated to the adsorption induced substrate reconstruction. Upon sufficient thermal activation, Gd@C82 molecules sink into the Cu（111） surface one-copper-layer-deep, forming hexagonal close-packed molecular islands with intra-molecular details observed as striped patterns. By considering the commensurability between the Gd@C82 nearest-neighbor distance and the lattice of the underlying Cu（111）, we clearly identified two kinds of in-plane molecular arrangements as （19（1/2）×19（1/2））R23.4°and （19（1/2）×19（1/2））R36.6°with respect to Cu（111）. Within the assembled Gd@C82 molecular, island molecules with dim–bright contrast are spatially distributed, which may be modulated by the preexisted species on Cu（111）.展开更多
Poly（L-lactide）（PLLA）/pristine vermiculite nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending in a twin-screw extruder, and the detailed information of vermiculite dispersion state and effect of vermiculite on thermal ...Poly（L-lactide）（PLLA）/pristine vermiculite nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending in a twin-screw extruder, and the detailed information of vermiculite dispersion state and effect of vermiculite on thermal and mechanical properties were systematically studied. The results show that the dispersion of vermiculite in the matrix is quite well when the loading content does not exceed 3 wt%. Pristine vermiculite can obviously improve the melt-crystallization temperature during the nonisothermal crystallization. Both crystallization time span and spherulitic size of PLLA decrease with the increasing amount of vermiculite under isothermal crystallization condition by enhancing the primary nucleation of PLLA. And the adding vermiculite can also improve the tensile modulus and Izod impact strength of PLLA. The intrinsic mechanism for the nucleating effect of vermiculite on PLLA is proposed to be the epitaxial crystallization and specific interaction between vermiculite and PLLA.展开更多
基金The financial supports from the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No 59771020) Post-doctoral Foundation of China.
文摘The microstructure of Al-Fe-V-Si-Nd alloy prepared by rapid solidification (RS) processing was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The phase selection of the alloy during solidification and the nucleation behavior of Al8Fe4Nd phase were analyzed within the framework of time-dependent nucleation theory. The incubation time for Al8Fe4Nd phase was found shorter and the nucleation rate higher than those of α-Al. The results indicate the nucleation of Al8Fe4Nd phase is heterogeneous and the dispersoids of Al8Fe4Nd form as primary particles from the liquid, which is consistent with experimental observation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50901061 and 50971102)the National Key Basic Research Project of China (No. 2011CB610402)the research fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing (NWPU), China(Grant No. 02-TZ-2008, 36-TP-2009)
文摘The heterogeneous nucleation behaviors of NHaCI crystal on a rough chilling surface of aluminum immerged in NHaCI-H20 solution were experimentally analyzed and the relationship between the surface roughness and the nucleation site selection behaviors on polished aluminum substrate was investigated, and it was discovered that the number of nucleation sites decreases significantly with decreasing the roughness of the polished substrate. Further nucleation experiments were carried out on chemically etched aluminum substrate with regular micro- morphology on its surface. It has been shown that both the micro-morphology and the wettability vary with the substrate surface prepared by different etching process. The prepared surface with step-like structures has a strong wettability with NH4CI-70 wt% H20 solution and the nucleation density of NH4CI on the its surfaces is significantly higher than that of the reference surfaces, which shows that the geometrical morphology features have important effects on both the wettability and the nucleation behaviors.
文摘The site order parameter (SOP) has been adopted to analyze various orders of structure formation and distribution during the crystallization of a polyethylene globule simulated by molecular dynamics. The SOP not only identifies different orders among the structures but also different phases. The results showed that intermediate structures with medium order exist unevenly in the early stage of nucleation, which differs from traditional models. We found that the nucleation relies on crystallinity fluctuations with increasing amplitude, and a baby nucleus with different shape and increasing size suddenly appears in the fluctuations. Once its size is large enough, the baby nucleus becomes the nucleus. In the growth stage, a number of lamellar mergences were observed and their selective behaviors were related to the orientation differences between the lamellae to be merged. The SOP distribution of all atoms in the system during crystallization had two peaks: one for the amorphous phase and the other for the crystalline phase. The intermediate structures with medium orders are located between the two peaks as an order promotion pathway. The data show that the medium order structure fluctuates at the growth front and is not always available, and that the medium order structure existing at the front is not always good for development. It is possibly caused by chain entanglement. Structure fluctuation at the growth front enables the system showing thousands of the most probable configurations to approach the precursor. The growth front is thus active for a while and inactive at other times.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11004219)MOST of China(Grant No.2013CBA01600)
文摘The coverage and temperature-dependent nucleation behaviors of the Gd@C82 metallofullerenes on Cu（111） have been studied by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy （LT-STM） in detail. Upon molecular deposition at low temperature, Gd@C82 molecules preferentially decorate the steps and nucleate into single layer islands with increasing coverage. Further annealing treatment leads some of the Gd@C82 molecules to assemble into bright and dim patches, which are correlated to the adsorption induced substrate reconstruction. Upon sufficient thermal activation, Gd@C82 molecules sink into the Cu（111） surface one-copper-layer-deep, forming hexagonal close-packed molecular islands with intra-molecular details observed as striped patterns. By considering the commensurability between the Gd@C82 nearest-neighbor distance and the lattice of the underlying Cu（111）, we clearly identified two kinds of in-plane molecular arrangements as （19（1/2）×19（1/2））R23.4°and （19（1/2）×19（1/2））R36.6°with respect to Cu（111）. Within the assembled Gd@C82 molecular, island molecules with dim–bright contrast are spatially distributed, which may be modulated by the preexisted species on Cu（111）.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21304108)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum-Beijing(No.YJRC-2013-142462013BJRC001)
文摘Poly（L-lactide）（PLLA）/pristine vermiculite nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending in a twin-screw extruder, and the detailed information of vermiculite dispersion state and effect of vermiculite on thermal and mechanical properties were systematically studied. The results show that the dispersion of vermiculite in the matrix is quite well when the loading content does not exceed 3 wt%. Pristine vermiculite can obviously improve the melt-crystallization temperature during the nonisothermal crystallization. Both crystallization time span and spherulitic size of PLLA decrease with the increasing amount of vermiculite under isothermal crystallization condition by enhancing the primary nucleation of PLLA. And the adding vermiculite can also improve the tensile modulus and Izod impact strength of PLLA. The intrinsic mechanism for the nucleating effect of vermiculite on PLLA is proposed to be the epitaxial crystallization and specific interaction between vermiculite and PLLA.
