A novel three-ring-core few-mode fiber with large effective area and low nonlinear coefficient is proposed in this paper. The fiber characteristics based on the full-vector finite element method(FEM) with perfect matc...A novel three-ring-core few-mode fiber with large effective area and low nonlinear coefficient is proposed in this paper. The fiber characteristics based on the full-vector finite element method(FEM) with perfect matched layer boundary conditions show that four supermodes with large effective area, low nonlinear coefficient and low differential mode group delay(DMGD) are achieved. With the increase of input wavelength, the effective areas of three-ring-core few-mode fiber are increased, and the nonlinear coefficients are decreased. The bending losses are increased with the increase of input wavelength, and are decreased with the increase of bending radius. Moreover, the proposed fiber performs a nonlinear coefficient and DMGD flattened profile at a large wavelength range.展开更多
Multiple sclerosis（MS）is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system（CNS）characterized by coexisting processes of inflammation,demyelination,axonal neurodegeneration,and gliosis.It is the most commo...Multiple sclerosis（MS）is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system（CNS）characterized by coexisting processes of inflammation,demyelination,axonal neurodegeneration,and gliosis.It is the most common disabling neurological disease in young adulthood.展开更多
The diversified development of British novels in the Renaissance mainly displays in several aspects,that is,lateral reflection of the social development background,specific expression of forming complex psychology of ...The diversified development of British novels in the Renaissance mainly displays in several aspects,that is,lateral reflection of the social development background,specific expression of forming complex psychology of developing social mission,and macro manifestation of the basic needs of the public.This is the important factor of contemporary cultural school to find the innovative development road,and also the crucial effect to explore and excavate the development characteristics of contemporary cultural school,expressing the time promoting effect of the development of the diversified development of British novels in the Renaissance.Seen from the development characteristics of the C ultural School,the development direction between the social characteristics of times and the basic demand of social groups on social culture agrees with the diversified development of British novels in the Renaissance,and fully demonstrates the effect and value of the latter on the overall development of social cultural school.展开更多
苦杏仁苷是存在于苦杏仁等蔷薇科植物中的一种含氰基糖苷化合物。近年研究显示苦杏仁苷具有较好的抗纤维化作用,主要与调控相关细胞凋亡、控制有关胶原蛋白表达等密切相关。此外,苦杏仁苷抗肿瘤、抗炎等药理作用也取得明显进展,其通过...苦杏仁苷是存在于苦杏仁等蔷薇科植物中的一种含氰基糖苷化合物。近年研究显示苦杏仁苷具有较好的抗纤维化作用,主要与调控相关细胞凋亡、控制有关胶原蛋白表达等密切相关。此外,苦杏仁苷抗肿瘤、抗炎等药理作用也取得明显进展,其通过抑制细胞周期、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、调节免疫反应等抑制肿瘤生长,通过抑制炎症介质[白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]表达,调节MAPK/NF-κB等信号通路,减轻炎症反应。但苦杏仁苷被β-葡萄糖苷代谢分解后形成有害物质氢氰酸,导致其临床应用受到限制。为解决苦杏仁苷生物利用度低、稳定性差限制其应用的问题,有研究将其开发成新型制剂,如自微乳化药物递送系统、纳米制剂、凝胶等,实现靶向递送并调控代谢路径,有效提高其稳定性和安全性,对提升苦杏仁苷的临床用药疗效具有重要的应用价值。该文基于国内外对苦杏仁苷的研究现状,通过检索中国知网、维普、PUBMED、Web of Science等国内外数据库,综述苦杏仁苷的药理作用及其制剂的研发进展,为苦杏仁苷的研究开发和临床应用提供科学依据。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61671227 and 61431009)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2011FM015)the Taishan Scholar Research Fund of Shandong Province
文摘A novel three-ring-core few-mode fiber with large effective area and low nonlinear coefficient is proposed in this paper. The fiber characteristics based on the full-vector finite element method(FEM) with perfect matched layer boundary conditions show that four supermodes with large effective area, low nonlinear coefficient and low differential mode group delay(DMGD) are achieved. With the increase of input wavelength, the effective areas of three-ring-core few-mode fiber are increased, and the nonlinear coefficients are decreased. The bending losses are increased with the increase of input wavelength, and are decreased with the increase of bending radius. Moreover, the proposed fiber performs a nonlinear coefficient and DMGD flattened profile at a large wavelength range.
基金Dr.Mao-Draayer has served as a consultant and/or received grant support from:Acorda,Bayer Pharmaceutical,Biogen Idec,EMD Serono,Genzyme,Novartis,Questor,Teva Neuroscience and Chugai PharmaDr.Mao-Draayeris currently supported by grants from NIH NIAID Autoimmune Center of Excellence:UM1-AI110557+1 种基金NIH NINDS R01-NS080821the University of Michigan Neurology Department
文摘Multiple sclerosis（MS）is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system（CNS）characterized by coexisting processes of inflammation,demyelination,axonal neurodegeneration,and gliosis.It is the most common disabling neurological disease in young adulthood.
文摘The diversified development of British novels in the Renaissance mainly displays in several aspects,that is,lateral reflection of the social development background,specific expression of forming complex psychology of developing social mission,and macro manifestation of the basic needs of the public.This is the important factor of contemporary cultural school to find the innovative development road,and also the crucial effect to explore and excavate the development characteristics of contemporary cultural school,expressing the time promoting effect of the development of the diversified development of British novels in the Renaissance.Seen from the development characteristics of the C ultural School,the development direction between the social characteristics of times and the basic demand of social groups on social culture agrees with the diversified development of British novels in the Renaissance,and fully demonstrates the effect and value of the latter on the overall development of social cultural school.
文摘苦杏仁苷是存在于苦杏仁等蔷薇科植物中的一种含氰基糖苷化合物。近年研究显示苦杏仁苷具有较好的抗纤维化作用,主要与调控相关细胞凋亡、控制有关胶原蛋白表达等密切相关。此外,苦杏仁苷抗肿瘤、抗炎等药理作用也取得明显进展,其通过抑制细胞周期、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、调节免疫反应等抑制肿瘤生长,通过抑制炎症介质[白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]表达,调节MAPK/NF-κB等信号通路,减轻炎症反应。但苦杏仁苷被β-葡萄糖苷代谢分解后形成有害物质氢氰酸,导致其临床应用受到限制。为解决苦杏仁苷生物利用度低、稳定性差限制其应用的问题,有研究将其开发成新型制剂,如自微乳化药物递送系统、纳米制剂、凝胶等,实现靶向递送并调控代谢路径,有效提高其稳定性和安全性,对提升苦杏仁苷的临床用药疗效具有重要的应用价值。该文基于国内外对苦杏仁苷的研究现状,通过检索中国知网、维普、PUBMED、Web of Science等国内外数据库,综述苦杏仁苷的药理作用及其制剂的研发进展,为苦杏仁苷的研究开发和临床应用提供科学依据。
