Wind erosion is a major contributor to land degradation and desertification. Ac- cording to the Global Assessment of Human Induced Soil Degradation, the dryland territories of Mongolia are significantly affected by wi...Wind erosion is a major contributor to land degradation and desertification. Ac- cording to the Global Assessment of Human Induced Soil Degradation, the dryland territories of Mongolia are significantly affected by wind erosion. We used the wind erosion equation model in an ArcGIS environment to evaluate wind erosion across Mongolia. The individual factors of the wind erosion equation were parameterized using the following datasets： （a） monthly climatic data from 45 meteorological stations; （b） 16-day composites of MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data; （c） a SRTM DEM with a 90 m spatial resolution; and （d） the soil map of Mongolia. The results revealed the significant influence of aridity on wind erosion. The desert and semi-desert ecosystems were more vulnerable to wind erosion, hence more affected. The map of wind erosion revealed three major wind erosion regions where the maximum soil loss of 15-27 t/（hm2.a） was observed. In general, the wind erosion potentials for the entire country of Mongolia are 15-27 t/（hm2.a） in the deserts and semi-deserts, 10-15 t/（hm2.a） in the dry steppes and 5-10 t/（hm2.a） in the steppe regions.展开更多
黄河上游宁夏-内蒙古段穿越河东沙地、乌兰布和沙漠和库布奇沙漠,大量风沙被吹入黄河,因此,迫切需要揭示宁夏-内蒙古河段沙粒起动风速的空间分布规律,从而为该区域的风沙防治工作提供理论依据。首先,应用归一化植被指数(normalized diff...黄河上游宁夏-内蒙古段穿越河东沙地、乌兰布和沙漠和库布奇沙漠,大量风沙被吹入黄河,因此,迫切需要揭示宁夏-内蒙古河段沙粒起动风速的空间分布规律,从而为该区域的风沙防治工作提供理论依据。首先,应用归一化植被指数(normalized different vegetation index,NDVI)数据集计算该河段地表植被盖度、植被迎风面积指数与粗糙度。而后,通过植被迎风面积指数计算摩阻起动风速的影响函数,研究河段摩阻起动风速的空间分布。利用实测数据检验摩阻起动风速的计算方法,表明摩阻起动风速的计算方法误差较小。研究表明,研究区内风速廓线均呈对数函数的分布规律,并利用风速廓线方程计算了研究区不同下垫面(10m高度)处的起动风速,进而得到跃移沙粒起动风速的空间分布。结果显示研究区风蚀风险最大的几个区域大多临近黄河。最后,根据当年最大NDVI值与下一年风季(3月至5月)NDVI平均值之间的关系,提出利用当年最大NDVI值对下一年风季起动风速的预测方法,该研究为黄河宁夏-内蒙古段的风蚀预报提供理论支撑。展开更多
基金Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation(SDC),No.81013651
文摘Wind erosion is a major contributor to land degradation and desertification. Ac- cording to the Global Assessment of Human Induced Soil Degradation, the dryland territories of Mongolia are significantly affected by wind erosion. We used the wind erosion equation model in an ArcGIS environment to evaluate wind erosion across Mongolia. The individual factors of the wind erosion equation were parameterized using the following datasets： （a） monthly climatic data from 45 meteorological stations; （b） 16-day composites of MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data; （c） a SRTM DEM with a 90 m spatial resolution; and （d） the soil map of Mongolia. The results revealed the significant influence of aridity on wind erosion. The desert and semi-desert ecosystems were more vulnerable to wind erosion, hence more affected. The map of wind erosion revealed three major wind erosion regions where the maximum soil loss of 15-27 t/（hm2.a） was observed. In general, the wind erosion potentials for the entire country of Mongolia are 15-27 t/（hm2.a） in the deserts and semi-deserts, 10-15 t/（hm2.a） in the dry steppes and 5-10 t/（hm2.a） in the steppe regions.
文摘黄河上游宁夏-内蒙古段穿越河东沙地、乌兰布和沙漠和库布奇沙漠,大量风沙被吹入黄河,因此,迫切需要揭示宁夏-内蒙古河段沙粒起动风速的空间分布规律,从而为该区域的风沙防治工作提供理论依据。首先,应用归一化植被指数(normalized different vegetation index,NDVI)数据集计算该河段地表植被盖度、植被迎风面积指数与粗糙度。而后,通过植被迎风面积指数计算摩阻起动风速的影响函数,研究河段摩阻起动风速的空间分布。利用实测数据检验摩阻起动风速的计算方法,表明摩阻起动风速的计算方法误差较小。研究表明,研究区内风速廓线均呈对数函数的分布规律,并利用风速廓线方程计算了研究区不同下垫面(10m高度)处的起动风速,进而得到跃移沙粒起动风速的空间分布。结果显示研究区风蚀风险最大的几个区域大多临近黄河。最后,根据当年最大NDVI值与下一年风季(3月至5月)NDVI平均值之间的关系,提出利用当年最大NDVI值对下一年风季起动风速的预测方法,该研究为黄河宁夏-内蒙古段的风蚀预报提供理论支撑。
