The interest in tailoring light in all its degrees of freedom is steadily gaining traction,driven by the tremendous developments in the toolkit for the creation,control and detection of what is now called structured l...The interest in tailoring light in all its degrees of freedom is steadily gaining traction,driven by the tremendous developments in the toolkit for the creation,control and detection of what is now called structured light.Because the complexity of these optical fields is generally understood in terms of interference,the tools have historically been linear optical elements that create the desired superpositions.For this reason,despite the long and impressive history of nonlinear optics,only recently has the spatial structure of light in nonlinear processes come to the fore.In this review we provide a concise theoretical framework for understanding nonlinear optics in the context of structured light,offering an overview and perspective on the progress made,and the challenges that remain.展开更多
The methacrylate monomers bearing mesogenic group and heterocyclicazo dye have been synthesized. The monomeric dye was copolymerized with the mesogenicmonomer using a free radical initiator to produce polymers useful ...The methacrylate monomers bearing mesogenic group and heterocyclicazo dye have been synthesized. The monomeric dye was copolymerized with the mesogenicmonomer using a free radical initiator to produce polymers useful for nonlinear optics. Themonomers and polymers were characterized by IR,;H-NMR, and UV-Vis spectra. Theaverage molecular weight （M;and M;） of the polymers were determined by gel permeationchromatography. The thermal properties of the polymers such as thermal stability andphase transition behavior were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermalanalysis, polarizing optical microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The results demonstratethat the synthesized polymers are crystalline polymers at room temperature and no liquidcrystalline phases were observed for all of them.展开更多
In this paper, considering the Hirota and the Maxwell–Bloch （H-MB） equations which are governed by femtosecond pulse propagation through a two-level doped fiber system, we construct the Darboux transformation of th...In this paper, considering the Hirota and the Maxwell–Bloch （H-MB） equations which are governed by femtosecond pulse propagation through a two-level doped fiber system, we construct the Darboux transformation of this system through a linear eigenvalue problem. Using this Daurboux transformation, we generate multi-soliton, positon, and breather solutions （both bright and dark breathers） of the H-MB equations. Finally, we also construct the rogue wave solutions of the above system.展开更多
We propose a scheme of quantum computation with nonlinear quantum optics. Polarization states of photons are used for qubits. Photons with different frequencies represent different qubits. Single qubit rotation operat...We propose a scheme of quantum computation with nonlinear quantum optics. Polarization states of photons are used for qubits. Photons with different frequencies represent different qubits. Single qubit rotation operation is implemented through optical elements like the Faraday polarization rotator. Photons are separated into different optical paths, or merged into a single optical path using dichromatic mirrors. The controlled-NOT gate between two qubits is implemented by the proper combination of parametric up and down conversions. This scheme has the following features： （1） No auxiliary qubits are required in the controlled-NOT gate operation; （2） No measurement is required in the course of the computation; （3） It is resource efficient and conceptually simple.展开更多
Nonlinear optical materials are one of the key research objects in the field of optics, which mainly research the nonlinear effects of the interaction between luminesce and matter. Compared with inorganic nonlinear op...Nonlinear optical materials are one of the key research objects in the field of optics, which mainly research the nonlinear effects of the interaction between luminesce and matter. Compared with inorganic nonlinear optical materials, organic nonlinear materials have outstanding advantages: strong adaptability, high flexibility, low cost, easy modification and damage resistance. In this review, the electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) experimental technology is used to measure and research the nonlinearity of iridium metal complexes. And because of its structural diversity, people can design molecules according to their needs to get the best nonlinear optical response. Organic molecules with large nonlinear coefficients should have the following characteristics: asymmetric charge distribution, the delocalized nature of π electrons, and easy polarization by external electric fields, and a large π conjugated system. In recent years, metal organic compounds have become a leader in the field of optics, mainly because of their very good nonlinear optical properties. In the future, people will do more investigation on the nonlinearity of metal organic complexes. Researchers have shown great interest in iridium metal organic complexes due in particular to their attractive stability and nonlinear activity. This review mainly studies the nonlinear principle, performance test and Measurement of nonlinearity of iridium metal complexes. The nonlinear properties of other metal-metal organic complexes will not be discussed.展开更多
The design and the synthesis of two conjugated donor acceptor imidazole derivatives(1, 2) were carried out for second order nonlinear optics. The thermal properties, the transparency and second order nonlinear opti...The design and the synthesis of two conjugated donor acceptor imidazole derivatives(1, 2) were carried out for second order nonlinear optics. The thermal properties, the transparency and second order nonlinear optical properties of the molecules were investigated. The experimental results indicate that a good nonlinearity transparency thermal stability trade off is achieved for them.展开更多
An interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) consisting of an epoxy-based polymer network and a polymethyl methacrylate network were synthesized and characterized. The IPN showed only one T-g, and hence a homogeneous-ph...An interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) consisting of an epoxy-based polymer network and a polymethyl methacrylate network were synthesized and characterized. The IPN showed only one T-g, and hence a homogeneous-phase morphology was suggested. The second-order nonlinear optical coefficient (d(33)) of the IPN was measured to be 1.72 X 10(-7) esu. The study of NLO temporal stability at room temperature and elevated temperature (100 degrees C) indicated that the IPN exhibits a high stability in the dipole orientation due to the permanent entanglements of two component networks in the IPN system. Long-term stability of second harmonic coefficients was observed at room temperature for more than 1000 h.展开更多
Automatic mode-locking techniques,the integration of intelligent technologies with nonlinear optics offers the promise of on-demand intelligent control,potentially overcoming the inherent limitations of traditional ul...Automatic mode-locking techniques,the integration of intelligent technologies with nonlinear optics offers the promise of on-demand intelligent control,potentially overcoming the inherent limitations of traditional ultrafast pulse generation that have predominantly suffered from the instability and suboptimality of open-loop manual tuning.The advancements in intelligent algorithm-driven automatic mode-locking techniques primarily are explored in this review,which also revisits the fundamental principles of nonlinear optical absorption,and examines the evolution and categorization of conventional mode-locking techniques.The convergence of ultrafast pulse nonlinear interactions with intelligent technologies has intricately expanded the scope of ultrafast photonics,unveiling considerable potential for innovation and catalyzing new waves of research breakthroughs in ultrafast photonics and nonlinear optics characters.展开更多
It is commonly assumed that nonlinear frequency conversion requires lasers with high coherence;however,this assumption has constrained our broader understanding of coherence and overlooked the potential role of incohe...It is commonly assumed that nonlinear frequency conversion requires lasers with high coherence;however,this assumption has constrained our broader understanding of coherence and overlooked the potential role of incoherence in nonlinear interactions.In this work,we study the synthesis of optical spatial coherence in second harmonic generation using quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals.We demonstrate a method where the second harmonic coherence is customized by employing quantitative phase retrieval and a complex square-root filter sequentially on fundamental frequency speckles.As a proof-of-concept,we experimentally show incoherent imaging of a smiley face transitioning from infrared to visible light.Moreover,we apply this method to produce two representative types of structured light beams in second harmonic generation:incoherent vortex and Airy beams.During the nonlinear synthesis of incoherent vortex beams,we have,for the first time,experimentally verified the conservation of orbital angular momentum in the nonlinear frequency conversion process of a low-coherence source.Furthermore,the generated second-harmonic incoherent Airy beam preserves the self-acceleration characteristics of its fundamental frequency counterpart,remaining unaffected by reductions in coherence.Our results not only deepen the fundamental understanding of optical coherence but also unlock exciting possibilities for applications in infrared imaging and fluorescence microscopy where optical nonlinear interactions play an important role.展开更多
Nonlinear Cherenkov radiation is a phenomenon of light first observed in 1970 that can be manipulated by phase matching conditions.However,under a rotatory symmetry,the nonlinear Cherenkov radiation was still untouche...Nonlinear Cherenkov radiation is a phenomenon of light first observed in 1970 that can be manipulated by phase matching conditions.However,under a rotatory symmetry,the nonlinear Cherenkov radiation was still untouched,where the rotation parameters in optics would introduce an additional phase to the beam,change the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave,and lead to novel optical phenomena.Here,we introduce rotation as a new freedom and study the nonlinear Cherenkov radiation in optically rotatory crystals in theory.With a quartz crystal as the representative,we derive theoretical variations,which show that the phase velocity of the crystal-coupled wave is found to be accelerated or decelerated by the rotational angular velocity,corresponding to the change of the Cherenkov radiation angle.In addition,the variation on the effective nonlinear coefficient of quartz crystals with rotational polarization direction is analyzed theoretically and used to simulate the Cherenkov ring distribution in rotatory nonlinear optics.This work introduces the rotation parameter into the non-collinear phase matching process and may inspire the development of modern photonics and physics in rotatory frames.展开更多
The ability to generate complex optical photon states involving entanglement between multiple optical modes is not only critical to advancing our understanding of quantum mechanics but will play a key role in generati...The ability to generate complex optical photon states involving entanglement between multiple optical modes is not only critical to advancing our understanding of quantum mechanics but will play a key role in generating many applications in quantum technologies.These include quantum communications,computation,imaging,microscopy and many other novel technologies that are constantly being proposed.However,approaches to generating parallel multiple,customisable bi-and multi-entangled quantum bits(qubits)on a chip are still in the early stages of development.Here,we review recent advances in the realisation of integrated sources of photonic quantum states,focusing on approaches based on nonlinear optics that are compatible with contemporary optical fibre telecommunications and quantum memory platforms as well as with chip-scale semiconductor technology.These new and exciting platforms hold the promise of compact,low-cost,scalable and practical implementations of sources for the generation and manipulation of complex quantum optical states on a chip,which will play a major role in bringing quantum technologies out of the laboratory and into the real world.展开更多
Free from phase-matching constraints,plasmonic metasurfaces have contributed significantly to the control of optical nonlinearity and enhancement of nonlinear generation efficiency by engineering subwavelength meta-at...Free from phase-matching constraints,plasmonic metasurfaces have contributed significantly to the control of optical nonlinearity and enhancement of nonlinear generation efficiency by engineering subwavelength meta-atoms.However,high dissipative losses and inevitable thermal heating limit their applicability in nonlinear nanophotonics.All-dielectric metasurfaces,supporting both electric and magnetic Mie-type resonances in their nanostructures,have appeared as a promising alternative to nonlinear plasmonics.High-index dielectric nanostructures,allowing additional magnetic resonances,can induce magnetic nonlinear effects,which,along with electric nonlinearities,increase the nonlinear conversion efficiency.In addition,low dissipative losses and high damage thresholds provide an extra degree of freedom for operating at high pump intensities,resulting in a considerable enhancement of the nonlinear processes.We discuss the current state of the art in the intensely developing area of all-dielectric nonlinear nanostructures and metasurfaces,including the role of Mie modes,Fano resonances,and anapole moments for harmonic generation,wave mixing,and ultrafast optical switching.Furthermore,we review the recent progress in the nonlinear phase and wavefront control using all-dielectric metasurfaces.We discuss techniques to realize alldielectric metasurfaces for multifunctional applications and generation of second-order nonlinear processes from complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible materials.展开更多
Nonlinear optics(NLO)of transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)is promising for the on-chip photonic and optoelectronic applications.In this review,we will survey the current progress of NLO in TMDs.First,we will brief...Nonlinear optics(NLO)of transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)is promising for the on-chip photonic and optoelectronic applications.In this review,we will survey the current progress of NLO in TMDs.First,we will brief the basic theory of the NLO in TMDs.Second,several important nonlinear processes in TMDs such as harmonic generation,four-wave mixing,saturable absorption,and two-photon absorption will be presented and their potential applications are also discussed.Third,the main strategies to tune,modulate,and enhance the NLO in TMDs are reviewed,including the excitonic effect,symmetry modulation,optical cavity enhancement,valley selection,edge state,and material phase.Finally,we give an outlook regarding some important issues and directions of NLO in TMDs.展开更多
CMOS platforms with a high nonlinear figure of merit are highly sought after for high photonic quantum efficiencies, enabling functionalities not possible from purely linear effects and ease of integration with CMOS e...CMOS platforms with a high nonlinear figure of merit are highly sought after for high photonic quantum efficiencies, enabling functionalities not possible from purely linear effects and ease of integration with CMOS electronics. Silicon-based platforms have been prolific amongst the suite of advanced nonlinear optical signal processes demonstrated to date. These include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, Hydex glass, and stoichio- metric silicon nitride. Residing between stoichiometric silicon nitride and amorphous silicon in composition, silicon-rich nitride films of various formulations have emerged recently as promising nonlinear platforms for high nonlinear figure of merit nonlinear optics. Silicon-rich nitride films are compositionally engineered to create bandgaps that are sufficiently large to eliminate two-photon absorption at telecommunications wavelengths while enabling much larger nonlinear waveguide parameters （5x-500x） than those in stoichiometric silicon uitride. This paper reviews recent developments in the field of nonlinear optics using silicon-rich nitride platforms, as well as the outlook and future opportunities in this burgeoning field.展开更多
Featured with high thermal decomposition temperature and layered structure,violet phosphorus(VP)offers an unparalleled stable allotrope of phosphorus to demonstrate the optoelectronic device and photonics elements wit...Featured with high thermal decomposition temperature and layered structure,violet phosphorus(VP)offers an unparalleled stable allotrope of phosphorus to demonstrate the optoelectronic device and photonics elements with high performance at the nanoscale.Here,we report few-layer and hundreds of nanometer-sized VP with robust stability in different solvents and ambient conditions by ultrasound-assisted liquid phase exfoliation approach.For the first time,the ultrafast carrier dynamics and thirdorder nonlinear optical response of VP were investigated.Sub-picosecond timescale ultrafast carrier dynamic and ultrafast nonlinear saturable absorption of VP were demonstrated.Our findings demonstrated that VP possessed a promising potential for use in ultrafast nonlinear photonic applications such as saturable absorbers and optical switches.展开更多
Structured light,where complex optical fields are tailored in all their degrees of freedom,has become highly topical of late,advanced by a sophisticated toolkit comprising both linear and nonlinear optics.Removing und...Structured light,where complex optical fields are tailored in all their degrees of freedom,has become highly topical of late,advanced by a sophisticated toolkit comprising both linear and nonlinear optics.Removing undesired structure from light is far less developed,leveraging mostly on inverting the distortion,e.g.,with adaptive optics or the inverse transmission matrix of a complex channel,both requiring that the distortion be fully characterized through appropriate measurement.We show that distortions in spatially structured light can be corrected through difference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal without any need for the distortion to be known.We demonstrate the versatility of our approach using a wide range of aberrations and structured light modes,including higher-order orbital angular momentum(OAM)beams,showing excellent recovery of the original undistorted field.To highlight the efficacy of this process,we deploy the system in a prepare-and-measure communications link with OAM,showing minimal cross talk even when the transmission channel is highly aberrated,and outline how the approach could be extended to alternative experimental modalities and nonlinear processes.Our demonstration of light-correcting light without the need for measurement opens an approach to measurement-free error correction for classical and quantum structured light,with direct applications in imaging,sensing,and communication.展开更多
Optical technologies have been widely used in information security owing to its parallel and high-speed processing capability.However,the most critical problem with current optical encryption techniques is that the cy...Optical technologies have been widely used in information security owing to its parallel and high-speed processing capability.However,the most critical problem with current optical encryption techniques is that the cyphertext is linearly related with the plaintext,leading to the possibility that one can crack the system by solving a set of linear equations with only two cyphertext from the same encryption machine.Many efforts have been taken in the last decade to resolve the linearity issue,but none of these offers a true nonlinear solution.Inspired by the recent advance in spatial nonlinear optics,here we demonstrate a true nonlinear optical encryption technique.We show that,owing to the self-phase modulation effect of the photorefractive crystal,the proposed nonlinear optical image encryption technique is robust against the known plaintext attack based on phase retrieval.This opens up a new avenue for optical encryption in the spatial nonlinear domain.展开更多
Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a vital photophysical phenomenon that the luminogens in the concentrated or aggregated cases will engender the dramatically boosted emission in comparison with the dispersive states...Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a vital photophysical phenomenon that the luminogens in the concentrated or aggregated cases will engender the dramatically boosted emission in comparison with the dispersive states.Given this extraordinary emitting capacity exactly resolves the aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)situations residing in the traditional luminophores,the booming AIE luminogens have drawn tremendous interest owing to their advanced performances and colossal potential applications in various areas.Further exploitations of AIE molecules also drive the research interests in the midst of these AIE materials toward the nonlinear optical(NLO)regime.The combination of AIE and NLO effects have nurtured some unforeseen properties of AIE materials and extended their application spheres.Therefore,some NLO-active AIE materials have been wielded in many crucial applications,for example,optical limiting,laser,bioimaging,and photodynamic therapy.Meanwhile,the impacts of aggregate on the NLO effect also deserve deep considerations and pursuits,and the modifications of aggregates promise an easy,efficient,and prompt avenue to tune the NLO properties of materials.The recent achievements and progress in the NLO properties of AIE materials have been summarized in this review.The second-order and third-order NLOs of the AIE materials have been introduced and their correlative applications have been discussed.展开更多
Owing to its thickness-modulated direct energy band gap, relatively strong light–matter interaction, and unique nonlinear optical response at a long wavelength, few-layer black phosphorus, or phosphorene, becomes ver...Owing to its thickness-modulated direct energy band gap, relatively strong light–matter interaction, and unique nonlinear optical response at a long wavelength, few-layer black phosphorus, or phosphorene, becomes very attractive in ultrafast photonics applications. Herein, we synthesized a graphene/phosphorene nano-heterojunction using a liquid phase-stripping method. Tiny lattice distortions in graphene and phosphorene suggest the formation of a nano-heterojunction between graphene and phosphorene nanosheets. In addition, we systematically investigate their nonlinear optical responses at different wavelength regimes. Our experiments indicate that the combined advantages of ultrafast relaxation, broadband response in graphene, and the strong light–matter interaction in phosphorene can be combined together by nano-heterojunction. We have further fabricated two-dimensional(2D) nano-heterojunction based optical saturable absorbers and integrated them into an erbium-doped fiber laser to demonstrate the generation of a stable ultrashort pulse down to 148 fs. Our results indicate that a graphene/phosphorene nano-heterojunction can operate as a promising saturable absorber for ultrafast laser systems with ultrahigh pulse energy and ultranarrow pulse duration. We believe this work opens up a new approach to designing 2D heterointerfaces for applications in ultrafast photonics and other research.The fabrication of a 2D nano-heterojunction assembled from stacking different 2D materials, via this facile and scalable growth approach, paves the way for the formation and tuning of new 2D materials with desirable photonic properties and applications.展开更多
Recent progresses about optical pumped tunable terahertz （THz） sources are interviewed, including THz parametric oscillation （TPO） and difference frequency generation （DFG）. We develop high efficiency and high p...Recent progresses about optical pumped tunable terahertz （THz） sources are interviewed, including THz parametric oscillation （TPO） and difference frequency generation （DFG）. We develop high efficiency and high power surface-emitted TPO, as well as DFG with nonlinear crystals. A novel scheme for the high efficiency DFG source based on the Cherenkov phase-matching technology is comprehensively investigated in both bulk crystals. The widely tunable optical THz radiation is also researched based on the organic nonlinear 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4＇-N＇- methylstilbazolium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate （DSTMS） crystal.展开更多
文摘The interest in tailoring light in all its degrees of freedom is steadily gaining traction,driven by the tremendous developments in the toolkit for the creation,control and detection of what is now called structured light.Because the complexity of these optical fields is generally understood in terms of interference,the tools have historically been linear optical elements that create the desired superpositions.For this reason,despite the long and impressive history of nonlinear optics,only recently has the spatial structure of light in nonlinear processes come to the fore.In this review we provide a concise theoretical framework for understanding nonlinear optics in the context of structured light,offering an overview and perspective on the progress made,and the challenges that remain.
文摘The methacrylate monomers bearing mesogenic group and heterocyclicazo dye have been synthesized. The monomeric dye was copolymerized with the mesogenicmonomer using a free radical initiator to produce polymers useful for nonlinear optics. Themonomers and polymers were characterized by IR,;H-NMR, and UV-Vis spectra. Theaverage molecular weight （M;and M;） of the polymers were determined by gel permeationchromatography. The thermal properties of the polymers such as thermal stability andphase transition behavior were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermalanalysis, polarizing optical microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The results demonstratethat the synthesized polymers are crystalline polymers at room temperature and no liquidcrystalline phases were observed for all of them.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (Grant No. LY12A01007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11201251, 10971109, and 11271210)+1 种基金K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo Universitythe DST,DAE-BRNS, UGC, and CSIR, Government of India, for the financial support through major projects
文摘In this paper, considering the Hirota and the Maxwell–Bloch （H-MB） equations which are governed by femtosecond pulse propagation through a two-level doped fiber system, we construct the Darboux transformation of this system through a linear eigenvalue problem. Using this Daurboux transformation, we generate multi-soliton, positon, and breather solutions （both bright and dark breathers） of the H-MB equations. Finally, we also construct the rogue wave solutions of the above system.
基金The project supported by the National Fundamental Research Program under Grant No.2006CB921106National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10325521 and 10390160
文摘We propose a scheme of quantum computation with nonlinear quantum optics. Polarization states of photons are used for qubits. Photons with different frequencies represent different qubits. Single qubit rotation operation is implemented through optical elements like the Faraday polarization rotator. Photons are separated into different optical paths, or merged into a single optical path using dichromatic mirrors. The controlled-NOT gate between two qubits is implemented by the proper combination of parametric up and down conversions. This scheme has the following features： （1） No auxiliary qubits are required in the controlled-NOT gate operation; （2） No measurement is required in the course of the computation; （3） It is resource efficient and conceptually simple.
文摘Nonlinear optical materials are one of the key research objects in the field of optics, which mainly research the nonlinear effects of the interaction between luminesce and matter. Compared with inorganic nonlinear optical materials, organic nonlinear materials have outstanding advantages: strong adaptability, high flexibility, low cost, easy modification and damage resistance. In this review, the electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) experimental technology is used to measure and research the nonlinearity of iridium metal complexes. And because of its structural diversity, people can design molecules according to their needs to get the best nonlinear optical response. Organic molecules with large nonlinear coefficients should have the following characteristics: asymmetric charge distribution, the delocalized nature of π electrons, and easy polarization by external electric fields, and a large π conjugated system. In recent years, metal organic compounds have become a leader in the field of optics, mainly because of their very good nonlinear optical properties. In the future, people will do more investigation on the nonlinearity of metal organic complexes. Researchers have shown great interest in iridium metal organic complexes due in particular to their attractive stability and nonlinear activity. This review mainly studies the nonlinear principle, performance test and Measurement of nonlinearity of iridium metal complexes. The nonlinear properties of other metal-metal organic complexes will not be discussed.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei ProvinceChina(No.2 0 0 0 J15 6 )
文摘The design and the synthesis of two conjugated donor acceptor imidazole derivatives(1, 2) were carried out for second order nonlinear optics. The thermal properties, the transparency and second order nonlinear optical properties of the molecules were investigated. The experimental results indicate that a good nonlinearity transparency thermal stability trade off is achieved for them.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (980279, 980346)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19604015).
文摘An interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) consisting of an epoxy-based polymer network and a polymethyl methacrylate network were synthesized and characterized. The IPN showed only one T-g, and hence a homogeneous-phase morphology was suggested. The second-order nonlinear optical coefficient (d(33)) of the IPN was measured to be 1.72 X 10(-7) esu. The study of NLO temporal stability at room temperature and elevated temperature (100 degrees C) indicated that the IPN exhibits a high stability in the dipole orientation due to the permanent entanglements of two component networks in the IPN system. Long-term stability of second harmonic coefficients was observed at room temperature for more than 1000 h.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42406182)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(GZC20232979)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62205091)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2022M710983)HeiLongJiang Postdoctoral Foundation(LBH-Z22201)Supported by the Fundamental Research Foundation for Universities of Heilongjiang Province:2022-KYYWF-0121the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2023TQ0369).
文摘Automatic mode-locking techniques,the integration of intelligent technologies with nonlinear optics offers the promise of on-demand intelligent control,potentially overcoming the inherent limitations of traditional ultrafast pulse generation that have predominantly suffered from the instability and suboptimality of open-loop manual tuning.The advancements in intelligent algorithm-driven automatic mode-locking techniques primarily are explored in this review,which also revisits the fundamental principles of nonlinear optical absorption,and examines the evolution and categorization of conventional mode-locking techniques.The convergence of ultrafast pulse nonlinear interactions with intelligent technologies has intricately expanded the scope of ultrafast photonics,unveiling considerable potential for innovation and catalyzing new waves of research breakthroughs in ultrafast photonics and nonlinear optics characters.
基金support provided by Israel Science Foundation,grants 969/22 and 3117/23.
文摘It is commonly assumed that nonlinear frequency conversion requires lasers with high coherence;however,this assumption has constrained our broader understanding of coherence and overlooked the potential role of incoherence in nonlinear interactions.In this work,we study the synthesis of optical spatial coherence in second harmonic generation using quadratic nonlinear photonic crystals.We demonstrate a method where the second harmonic coherence is customized by employing quantitative phase retrieval and a complex square-root filter sequentially on fundamental frequency speckles.As a proof-of-concept,we experimentally show incoherent imaging of a smiley face transitioning from infrared to visible light.Moreover,we apply this method to produce two representative types of structured light beams in second harmonic generation:incoherent vortex and Airy beams.During the nonlinear synthesis of incoherent vortex beams,we have,for the first time,experimentally verified the conservation of orbital angular momentum in the nonlinear frequency conversion process of a low-coherence source.Furthermore,the generated second-harmonic incoherent Airy beam preserves the self-acceleration characteristics of its fundamental frequency counterpart,remaining unaffected by reductions in coherence.Our results not only deepen the fundamental understanding of optical coherence but also unlock exciting possibilities for applications in infrared imaging and fluorescence microscopy where optical nonlinear interactions play an important role.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52025021 and 92163207)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFF0718900 and 2021YFA0717800)。
文摘Nonlinear Cherenkov radiation is a phenomenon of light first observed in 1970 that can be manipulated by phase matching conditions.However,under a rotatory symmetry,the nonlinear Cherenkov radiation was still untouched,where the rotation parameters in optics would introduce an additional phase to the beam,change the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave,and lead to novel optical phenomena.Here,we introduce rotation as a new freedom and study the nonlinear Cherenkov radiation in optically rotatory crystals in theory.With a quartz crystal as the representative,we derive theoretical variations,which show that the phase velocity of the crystal-coupled wave is found to be accelerated or decelerated by the rotational angular velocity,corresponding to the change of the Cherenkov radiation angle.In addition,the variation on the effective nonlinear coefficient of quartz crystals with rotational polarization direction is analyzed theoretically and used to simulate the Cherenkov ring distribution in rotatory nonlinear optics.This work introduces the rotation parameter into the non-collinear phase matching process and may inspire the development of modern photonics and physics in rotatory frames.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)through the Steacie Memorial Fellowship as well as through the Canada Research Chair Program and the MEIE in Quebecsupported through the Australian Research Council Discovery Projects programme(DP150104327)+4 种基金the support of the People Programme(Marie Curie Actions)of the European Union’s FP7 Programme under REA Grant Agreements No.627478(THREEPLE)the Australian Research Council(ARC)Centre of Excellence(CUDOS,CE110001018)Laureate Fellowship(FL120100029)the Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DE120100226)programmessupport from the ITMO and Professorship Program(grant 074-U 01)and the 1000 Talents Sichuan Program.
文摘The ability to generate complex optical photon states involving entanglement between multiple optical modes is not only critical to advancing our understanding of quantum mechanics but will play a key role in generating many applications in quantum technologies.These include quantum communications,computation,imaging,microscopy and many other novel technologies that are constantly being proposed.However,approaches to generating parallel multiple,customisable bi-and multi-entangled quantum bits(qubits)on a chip are still in the early stages of development.Here,we review recent advances in the realisation of integrated sources of photonic quantum states,focusing on approaches based on nonlinear optics that are compatible with contemporary optical fibre telecommunications and quantum memory platforms as well as with chip-scale semiconductor technology.These new and exciting platforms hold the promise of compact,low-cost,scalable and practical implementations of sources for the generation and manipulation of complex quantum optical states on a chip,which will play a major role in bringing quantum technologies out of the laboratory and into the real world.
基金This project received funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(Grant Agreement No.724306)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)(No.231447078-TRR142).
文摘Free from phase-matching constraints,plasmonic metasurfaces have contributed significantly to the control of optical nonlinearity and enhancement of nonlinear generation efficiency by engineering subwavelength meta-atoms.However,high dissipative losses and inevitable thermal heating limit their applicability in nonlinear nanophotonics.All-dielectric metasurfaces,supporting both electric and magnetic Mie-type resonances in their nanostructures,have appeared as a promising alternative to nonlinear plasmonics.High-index dielectric nanostructures,allowing additional magnetic resonances,can induce magnetic nonlinear effects,which,along with electric nonlinearities,increase the nonlinear conversion efficiency.In addition,low dissipative losses and high damage thresholds provide an extra degree of freedom for operating at high pump intensities,resulting in a considerable enhancement of the nonlinear processes.We discuss the current state of the art in the intensely developing area of all-dielectric nonlinear nanostructures and metasurfaces,including the role of Mie modes,Fano resonances,and anapole moments for harmonic generation,wave mixing,and ultrafast optical switching.Furthermore,we review the recent progress in the nonlinear phase and wavefront control using all-dielectric metasurfaces.We discuss techniques to realize alldielectric metasurfaces for multifunctional applications and generation of second-order nonlinear processes from complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible materials.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.61674060)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Grant no.2019kfyXJJS046,2017KFYXJJ030,2017KFXKJ003,2017KFXKJC002).
文摘Nonlinear optics(NLO)of transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)is promising for the on-chip photonic and optoelectronic applications.In this review,we will survey the current progress of NLO in TMDs.First,we will brief the basic theory of the NLO in TMDs.Second,several important nonlinear processes in TMDs such as harmonic generation,four-wave mixing,saturable absorption,and two-photon absorption will be presented and their potential applications are also discussed.Third,the main strategies to tune,modulate,and enhance the NLO in TMDs are reviewed,including the excitonic effect,symmetry modulation,optical cavity enhancement,valley selection,edge state,and material phase.Finally,we give an outlook regarding some important issues and directions of NLO in TMDs.
基金MOE Academic Research Fund Tier 2 GrantNational Research Foundation Competitive Research Grant+3 种基金National Research Foundation Land and Liveability National Innovation Challenge GrantSUTD-MIT International Design CenterTemasek Laboratories grantNational Research Foundation,Prime Minister’s Office,Singapore,under its Medium Sized Centre Program
文摘CMOS platforms with a high nonlinear figure of merit are highly sought after for high photonic quantum efficiencies, enabling functionalities not possible from purely linear effects and ease of integration with CMOS electronics. Silicon-based platforms have been prolific amongst the suite of advanced nonlinear optical signal processes demonstrated to date. These include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, Hydex glass, and stoichio- metric silicon nitride. Residing between stoichiometric silicon nitride and amorphous silicon in composition, silicon-rich nitride films of various formulations have emerged recently as promising nonlinear platforms for high nonlinear figure of merit nonlinear optics. Silicon-rich nitride films are compositionally engineered to create bandgaps that are sufficiently large to eliminate two-photon absorption at telecommunications wavelengths while enabling much larger nonlinear waveguide parameters （5x-500x） than those in stoichiometric silicon uitride. This paper reviews recent developments in the field of nonlinear optics using silicon-rich nitride platforms, as well as the outlook and future opportunities in this burgeoning field.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61874141,62275275,and 11904239)the Nature Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2021JJ40709 and 2022JJ20080)the High Performance Computing Center of Central South University,and the Open Sharing Found for the Large-scale Instruments and Equipment of Central South University.
文摘Featured with high thermal decomposition temperature and layered structure,violet phosphorus(VP)offers an unparalleled stable allotrope of phosphorus to demonstrate the optoelectronic device and photonics elements with high performance at the nanoscale.Here,we report few-layer and hundreds of nanometer-sized VP with robust stability in different solvents and ambient conditions by ultrasound-assisted liquid phase exfoliation approach.For the first time,the ultrafast carrier dynamics and thirdorder nonlinear optical response of VP were investigated.Sub-picosecond timescale ultrafast carrier dynamic and ultrafast nonlinear saturable absorption of VP were demonstrated.Our findings demonstrated that VP possessed a promising potential for use in ultrafast nonlinear photonic applications such as saturable absorbers and optical switches.
基金the funding from the Department of Science and Innovation as well as the National Research Foundation in South AfricaSupport from the Italian Ministry of Research(MUR)through the PRIN 2017 project“Interacting photons in polariton circuits”(INPho POL)and the PNRR MUR project PE0000023-NQSTI is acknowledgedsupport from the Italian Space Agency through the“Highdimensional quantum information”project
文摘Structured light,where complex optical fields are tailored in all their degrees of freedom,has become highly topical of late,advanced by a sophisticated toolkit comprising both linear and nonlinear optics.Removing undesired structure from light is far less developed,leveraging mostly on inverting the distortion,e.g.,with adaptive optics or the inverse transmission matrix of a complex channel,both requiring that the distortion be fully characterized through appropriate measurement.We show that distortions in spatially structured light can be corrected through difference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal without any need for the distortion to be known.We demonstrate the versatility of our approach using a wide range of aberrations and structured light modes,including higher-order orbital angular momentum(OAM)beams,showing excellent recovery of the original undistorted field.To highlight the efficacy of this process,we deploy the system in a prepare-and-measure communications link with OAM,showing minimal cross talk even when the transmission channel is highly aberrated,and outline how the approach could be extended to alternative experimental modalities and nonlinear processes.Our demonstration of light-correcting light without the need for measurement opens an approach to measurement-free error correction for classical and quantum structured light,with direct applications in imaging,sensing,and communication.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61991452,62061136005)Sino-German Center(GZ1391).
文摘Optical technologies have been widely used in information security owing to its parallel and high-speed processing capability.However,the most critical problem with current optical encryption techniques is that the cyphertext is linearly related with the plaintext,leading to the possibility that one can crack the system by solving a set of linear equations with only two cyphertext from the same encryption machine.Many efforts have been taken in the last decade to resolve the linearity issue,but none of these offers a true nonlinear solution.Inspired by the recent advance in spatial nonlinear optics,here we demonstrate a true nonlinear optical encryption technique.We show that,owing to the self-phase modulation effect of the photorefractive crystal,the proposed nonlinear optical image encryption technique is robust against the known plaintext attack based on phase retrieval.This opens up a new avenue for optical encryption in the spatial nonlinear domain.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:21773168,21531005,91622111。
文摘Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)is a vital photophysical phenomenon that the luminogens in the concentrated or aggregated cases will engender the dramatically boosted emission in comparison with the dispersive states.Given this extraordinary emitting capacity exactly resolves the aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)situations residing in the traditional luminophores,the booming AIE luminogens have drawn tremendous interest owing to their advanced performances and colossal potential applications in various areas.Further exploitations of AIE molecules also drive the research interests in the midst of these AIE materials toward the nonlinear optical(NLO)regime.The combination of AIE and NLO effects have nurtured some unforeseen properties of AIE materials and extended their application spheres.Therefore,some NLO-active AIE materials have been wielded in many crucial applications,for example,optical limiting,laser,bioimaging,and photodynamic therapy.Meanwhile,the impacts of aggregate on the NLO effect also deserve deep considerations and pursuits,and the modifications of aggregates promise an easy,efficient,and prompt avenue to tune the NLO properties of materials.The recent achievements and progress in the NLO properties of AIE materials have been summarized in this review.The second-order and third-order NLOs of the AIE materials have been introduced and their correlative applications have been discussed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61435010,61575089)Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Cooperation Project(SGLH20150205162842428)+3 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen JCYJ20150625103619275,JCYJ20170302153540973,JCYJ20170412111625378,KQTD2015032416270385)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(2016B050501005)Educational Commission ofGuangdong Province 2016KCXTD006)Student Innovation Development Fund of Shenzhen University(PIDFPZR2017002)
文摘Owing to its thickness-modulated direct energy band gap, relatively strong light–matter interaction, and unique nonlinear optical response at a long wavelength, few-layer black phosphorus, or phosphorene, becomes very attractive in ultrafast photonics applications. Herein, we synthesized a graphene/phosphorene nano-heterojunction using a liquid phase-stripping method. Tiny lattice distortions in graphene and phosphorene suggest the formation of a nano-heterojunction between graphene and phosphorene nanosheets. In addition, we systematically investigate their nonlinear optical responses at different wavelength regimes. Our experiments indicate that the combined advantages of ultrafast relaxation, broadband response in graphene, and the strong light–matter interaction in phosphorene can be combined together by nano-heterojunction. We have further fabricated two-dimensional(2D) nano-heterojunction based optical saturable absorbers and integrated them into an erbium-doped fiber laser to demonstrate the generation of a stable ultrashort pulse down to 148 fs. Our results indicate that a graphene/phosphorene nano-heterojunction can operate as a promising saturable absorber for ultrafast laser systems with ultrahigh pulse energy and ultranarrow pulse duration. We believe this work opens up a new approach to designing 2D heterointerfaces for applications in ultrafast photonics and other research.The fabrication of a 2D nano-heterojunction assembled from stacking different 2D materials, via this facile and scalable growth approach, paves the way for the formation and tuning of new 2D materials with desirable photonic properties and applications.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863)under Grant No.2011AA010205National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.6117201061101058,61107086,and 61275120+2 种基金the CAEP THz Science and Technology Foundation under Grant No.CAEPTHZ201201 and CAEPTHZ201304the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin under Grant No.11JCYBJC01100 and 13ZCZDSF02300the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No.20120032110053
文摘Recent progresses about optical pumped tunable terahertz （THz） sources are interviewed, including THz parametric oscillation （TPO） and difference frequency generation （DFG）. We develop high efficiency and high power surface-emitted TPO, as well as DFG with nonlinear crystals. A novel scheme for the high efficiency DFG source based on the Cherenkov phase-matching technology is comprehensively investigated in both bulk crystals. The widely tunable optical THz radiation is also researched based on the organic nonlinear 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4＇-N＇- methylstilbazolium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate （DSTMS） crystal.
