This paper develops analytical electromechanical formulas to predict the mechanical deformation of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) cantilever actuators under DC excitation voltages. In this research, IPMC samples...This paper develops analytical electromechanical formulas to predict the mechanical deformation of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) cantilever actuators under DC excitation voltages. In this research, IPMC samples with Pt and Ag electrodes were manufactured, and the large nonlinear deformation and the effect of curvature on surface electrode resistance of the IPMC samples were investigated experimentally and theoretically. A distributed electrical model was modified for calculating the distribution of voltage along the bending actuator. Then an irreversible thermodynamic model that could predict the curvature of a unit part of an IPMC actuator is combined with the electrical model so that an analytical electromechanical model is developed. The electromechanical model is then validated against the experimental results obtained from Pt- and Ag-IPMC actuators under various excitation voltages. The good agreement between the electromechanical model and the actuators shows that the analytical electromechanical model can accurately describe the large nonlinear quasi-static deflection behavior of IPMC actuators.展开更多
The exact relation between strain and displacement is given for nonlinear deformation of thin shell. The! fundamental formula of large deformation when the deflection is on the same class with the thickness of the she...The exact relation between strain and displacement is given for nonlinear deformation of thin shell. The! fundamental formula of large deformation when the deflection is on the same class with the thickness of the shell is derived after simplified rationally. The fundamental formula of large deformation when the deflection is art the same class with the length of the shell is derived exactly for cylinder shell deformed cylindrical shaped.展开更多
A classic hysteretic model, Preisach-Mayergoyz model （P-M model）, was used to calculate the nonlinear elastic deformation of magnesium （Mg） and cobalt （Co）. Mg and Co samples in cylinder shape were compressively...A classic hysteretic model, Preisach-Mayergoyz model （P-M model）, was used to calculate the nonlinear elastic deformation of magnesium （Mg） and cobalt （Co）. Mg and Co samples in cylinder shape were compressively tested by uniaxial test machine to obtain their stress—strain curves with hysteretic loops. The hysteretic loops do have two properties of P-M hysteretic systems： wiping out and congruency. It is proved that P-M model is applicable for the analysis of these two metals’ hysteresis. This model was applied on Mg at room temperature and Co at 300 ℃. By the P-M model, Co and Mg nonlinear elastic deformation can be calculated based on the stress history. The simulated stress—strain curves agree well with the experimental results. Therefore, the mechanical hysteresis of these two metals can be easily predicted by the classic P-M hysteretic model.展开更多
In the present article, the linear and the nonlinear deformation behaviour of functionally graded （FG） spherical shell panel are examined under thermomechanical load. The temperature- dependent effective material pr...In the present article, the linear and the nonlinear deformation behaviour of functionally graded （FG） spherical shell panel are examined under thermomechanical load. The temperature- dependent effective material properties of FG shell panel are evaluated using Voigt＇s micro-mechanical rule in conjunction with power-law distribution. The nonlinear mathematical model of the FG shell panel is developed based on higher-order shear deformation theory and Green-Lagrange type geometrical nonlinearity. The desired nonlinear governing equation of the FG shell panel is computed using the variational principle. The model is discretised through suitable nonlinear finite element steps and solved using direct iterative method. The convergence and the val- idation behaviour of the present numerical model are performed to show the efficacy of the model. The effect of different parameters on the nonlinear deformation behaviour of FG spherical shell panel is highlighted by solving numerous examples.展开更多
In this paper, the general solution on nonlinear axial symmetrical deformation of nonhomogeneous cylindrical shells is obtained by step reduction method[1]. The general formula of displacements and stress resultants, ...In this paper, the general solution on nonlinear axial symmetrical deformation of nonhomogeneous cylindrical shells is obtained by step reduction method[1]. The general formula of displacements and stress resultants, which is used to solve the bending problems of nonhomogeneous cylindrical shells under arbitrary axial symmetric loads, is derived. Its uniform convergence is proved. Finally, it is only necessary to solve one set of binary linear algebraic equations. A numerical example is given at the end of the paper which indicates satisfactory results of displacement and stress resultants can be obtained and converge to the exact solution.展开更多
In this paper. we obtain the rate-tvpe constitutive expressions of the nonlinearisotropic elastieity by using the Jaumann, Truesdell and Green-Naghdi stress rgterespectively,Through analysing the simple shear deformat...In this paper. we obtain the rate-tvpe constitutive expressions of the nonlinearisotropic elastieity by using the Jaumann, Truesdell and Green-Naghdi stress rgterespectively,Through analysing the simple shear deformation for Mooney-Rivlin material.three kinds of rate-type constitutive equations are verified to be equivalent to the original equation.Rate-type variational prineiples are also presented, and the Ritzmethod is used to obtain the numerical solution of a reetangular rubber membraneunder uniaxial streteh.展开更多
Multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry(MT-InSAR)is a standard technique for mapping clustering and wide-scale deformation.A linear model is often used in phase unwrapping to overcome the underdetermina...Multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry(MT-InSAR)is a standard technique for mapping clustering and wide-scale deformation.A linear model is often used in phase unwrapping to overcome the underdetermination.It’s difficult to identify different types of nonlinear deformation.However,the interpretation of nonlinear deformation is very important in monitoring potential risk.This paper introduces a comprehensive approach for identifying and interpreting different types of deformation within InSAR datasets,integrating initial clustering and classification simplification.Initial classification is performed using the K-means clustering method to cluster the collected InSAR deformation time-series data.Then we use F test and Anderson-Darling test(AD test)to simplify the clusters after initial classification.This technique distinctly discerns the changing trends of deformation signals,thereby providing robust support for interpreting potential deformation scenarios within observed InSAR regions.展开更多
This paper studies the static deformation behavior of a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer （PMUT） actuated by a strong external electric field. The transducer membrane consists of a piezoelectric laye...This paper studies the static deformation behavior of a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer （PMUT） actuated by a strong external electric field. The transducer membrane consists of a piezoelectric layer, a passive layer and two electrode layers. The nonlinearities of the piezoelectric layer caused by electrostriction under a strong electric field are analyzed. Because the thickness of the transducer membrane is on the microscale, the size dependence of the deformation behavior is evaluated using the couple stress theory. The results show that the optimal ratio of the top electrode diameter and the membrane diameter is around 0.674. It is also found that this optimal value does not depend on any other parameters if the thicknesses of the two electrodes are negligible compared with those of the piezo- electric and passive layers. In addition, the nonlinearities of the piezoelectric layer will become stronger along with the increase of the electric field, which means that softening of the membrane stiffness occurs when a strong external electric field is applied. Meanwhile, the optimal thickness ratio for the passive layer and the piezoelectric layer is not equal to 1.0 which is usually adopted by previous researchers. Because there exists size dependence of membrane deforma-tion, the optimal value of this thickness ratio needs to be greater than 1.0 on the microscale.展开更多
Shapai Roller Compacted Concrete(RCC) Arch Dam is the highest RCC arch dam of the 20th century in the world with a maximum height of 132m,and it is the only concrete arch dam near the epicentre of Wenchuan earthquake ...Shapai Roller Compacted Concrete(RCC) Arch Dam is the highest RCC arch dam of the 20th century in the world with a maximum height of 132m,and it is the only concrete arch dam near the epicentre of Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th,2008.The seismic damage to the dam and the resistance of the dam has drawn great attention.This paper analyzed the response and resistance of the dam to the seismic wave using numerical simulations with comparison to the monitored data.The field investigation after the earthquake and analysis of insitu data record showed that there was only little variation in the opening size at the dam and foundation interface,transverse joints and inducing joints before and after the earthquake.The overall stability of the dam abutment resistance body was quite good except a little relaxation was observed.The results of the dynamic finite element method(FEM) showed that the sizes of the openings obtained from the numerical modeling are comparable with the monitored values,and the change of the opening size is in millimeter range.This study revealed that Shapai arch dam exhibited high seismic resistance and overload capacity in the Wenchuan earthquake event.The comparison of the monitored and simulated results showed that the numerical method applied in this paper well simulated the seismic response of the dam.The method could be useful in the future application on the safety evaluation of RCC dams.展开更多
The subsidence of the mining area was monitored by analyzing the phase of permanent scatters （PS） which maintained high coherence in magnitude of SAR images.A hew method of spatial unwrapping was presented which use...The subsidence of the mining area was monitored by analyzing the phase of permanent scatters （PS） which maintained high coherence in magnitude of SAR images.A hew method of spatial unwrapping was presented which used the subsidence rates calculated on comer reflector （CR） points as constraints for PS network to perform the spatial unwrapping using the parametric adjustment method.The algorithm achieved the integration of CR data and PSInSAR algorithm.The colliery dense distributed area around Baisha reservoir was chosen as the study area in the experiment.The time series of subsidence from February in 2007 to February in 2010 is successfully inversed by using the periodic function to simulate the linear and nonlinear components of the deformation.The simulation results show that the accuracy can be ± 2.1 mm with the leveling data being used as the external validation data.展开更多
We study the dynamic behavior of a quartz crystal resonator （QCR） in thickness-shear vibrations with the upper surface covered by an array of micro-beams （MBs） under large deflection. Through taking into account t...We study the dynamic behavior of a quartz crystal resonator （QCR） in thickness-shear vibrations with the upper surface covered by an array of micro-beams （MBs） under large deflection. Through taking into account the continuous conditions of shear force and bending moment at the interface of MBs/resonator, dependences of frequency shift of the compound QCR system versus material parameter and geometrical parameter are illustrated in detail for nonlinear and linear vibrations. It is found that the frequency shift produces a little right （left） translation for increasing elastic modulus （length/radius ratio） of MBs. Moreover, the frequency right （left） translation distance caused by nonlinear deformation becomes more serious in the second-order mode than in the first-order one,展开更多
In the Southeastern Sichuan Basin,the deep shale reservoirs(with vertical depth over 2800 m)are complicated and diverse in reservoir mineral compositions and pore structural characteristics,with the obvious rock plast...In the Southeastern Sichuan Basin,the deep shale reservoirs(with vertical depth over 2800 m)are complicated and diverse in reservoir mineral compositions and pore structural characteristics,with the obvious rock plasticity and nonlinear fracturing features and the high absolute difference between maximum and minimum principal stresses,due to the effect of geological setting and diagenesis.Consequently,staged fracturing operations often suffer from high fracturing pressure and propagating pressure,small fracture width,low sandefluid ratio and fracture conductivity and difficult formation of volume fractures,which seriously influence the post-fracturing shale gas productivity.In this paper,a new combined fracturing mode(pretreatment acid+gelled fluid+slickwater+gelled fluid)and its supporting technologies were developed after a series of analysis and studies on deep rocks in terms of mechanical property,earth stress characteristics,fracturing characteristics and fracture morphology characteristics.Field application shows that geologic breakthrough was realized in Longmaxi Fm of Lower Silurian in Well Dingye 2HF,with absolute open flow(AOF)of 10.5×10^(4)m^(3)/d after fracturing.And it was expected to reach commercial breakthrough in Qiongzhusi Fm of Lower Cambrian in Well Jinye 1HF,with AOF of 10.5×10^(4)m^(3)/d after fracturing.Finally,the following conclusions are reached.First,it is hard to form complex fractures in deep shale and the fracturing technologies applicable for it should be different from those used in midedeep zones.Second,the established fracturing pressure model can provide an effective way for deep-zone fracturing pressure prediction.Third,reducing operation pressure is one of the key measures to ensure successful deep-zone fracturing.Fourth,besides good material basis,it is crucial to increase the complexity of induced fractures and generate high-conductivity fractures in order to guarantee successful fracturing in deep shale.展开更多
Based on the nonlinear geometric relation between strain and displacement for flexible cable, the equilibrium equation under self-weight and influence of temperature was established and an analytical solution of displ...Based on the nonlinear geometric relation between strain and displacement for flexible cable, the equilibrium equation under self-weight and influence of temperature was established and an analytical solution of displacement and tension distribution defined in Eulerian coordinate system was accurately obtained. The nonlinear algebraic equations caused by cable structure were solved directly using the modified Powell hybrid algorithm with high precision routine DNEQNE of Fortran. For example, a cable structure consisting of three cables jointly supported by a vertical spring and all the other ends fixed was calculated and compared with various methods by other scholars.展开更多
The principle and method of flexible multibody system dynamics is presented. The dynamic equation have been developed by means of Huston's method based on Kane's equation. In which the flexible members with g...The principle and method of flexible multibody system dynamics is presented. The dynamic equation have been developed by means of Huston's method based on Kane's equation. In which the flexible members with general cross-section characters were divided into finite segment models under the assumption of small strain. In order to decrease the degrees of freedom of the system and increase the efficiency of numerical calculation. the mode transformation has been introduced. A typical example is presented. and the foregoing method has been perfectly verified.展开更多
The cavitation problem of a composite ball under a uniform temperature is investigated, and the ball is composed of two elastic solid materials. The nonlinear mathematical model of the problem is established with the ...The cavitation problem of a composite ball under a uniform temperature is investigated, and the ball is composed of two elastic solid materials. The nonlinear mathematical model of the problem is established with the finite logarithmic strain measure for a large geometric deformation and by the Hooke law for elastic materials. The analytic solutions in a parametric form are derived for the thermal dilatation of the composite ball with a large elastic deformation. Solution curves are given to describe the variations of the critical temperature in the cavitation with the geometric and material parameters. The bifurcation curve is also given to reveal the cavity growth after void nucleation. The numerical results for a computational example indicate that the radius of the cavity will rapidly grow above the critical temperature, and the loop stress will become infinite when void nucleation. ＂This means that the materials near the cavity will produce a plastic deformation leading to local failure and fracture if the material of the internal ball is elastoplastic. In addition, the cavitation of the composite ball appears at a low temperature if the elastic property of the material of the internal ball is nearly uncompressible.展开更多
Hexagonal boron nitride （h-BN） is an important structural material with layered microstructure.Because of the plastic anisotropy,this material shows obvious mechanical hysteresis （nonlinear elastic deformation）.Th...Hexagonal boron nitride （h-BN） is an important structural material with layered microstructure.Because of the plastic anisotropy,this material shows obvious mechanical hysteresis （nonlinear elastic deformation）.There are hysteretic loops at the cyclical load-unload stress-strain curves of h-BN.Consequently,two hot-pressed h-BN cylinders with different textures were studied.The mechanical hysteresis is heavily texture-dependent.The area of hysteretic loop is linearly related with the square of loading stress-level.Two minor loops attached on the hysteretic loops with the same extreme stresses have congruent shapes.It can be concluded that the mechanical hysteresis of h-BN can be explained by a Kink Nonlinear Elastic model developed from the study of a ternary carbide Ti3SiC2.展开更多
The anisotropic continuum stored energy density (ACSED) functional is applied for accurate constitutive modeling of biological tissues and finite element implementation without the isochoric—volumetric split, the ani...The anisotropic continuum stored energy density (ACSED) functional is applied for accurate constitutive modeling of biological tissues and finite element implementation without the isochoric—volumetric split, the anisotropic—isotropic split, or the anisotropic invariant split. Related stress and elasticity tensors in the reference and current configurations are worked out. A new kinematic model is derived based on the tangent Poisson’s ratio as a cubic polynomial function of stretch. The ACSED model, along with the kinematic model, accurately fits uniaxial extension test data for compressible human skin, bovine articular cartilage, and human aorta samples.展开更多
Understanding rock behavior is crucial in mine geotechnical engineering to ensure construction efficiency,mitigate rock-related hazards,and promote environmental sustainability.Coda Wave Interferometry(CWI),a non-dest...Understanding rock behavior is crucial in mine geotechnical engineering to ensure construction efficiency,mitigate rock-related hazards,and promote environmental sustainability.Coda Wave Interferometry(CWI),a non-destructive ultrasonic testing method,has been widely employed to assess micro-damage evolution in rocks induced by perturbations in scatterer position,velocity,or source location due to its exceptional sensitivity.However,challenges persist in evaluating cross-scale rock behavior influenced by nonlinear deformation and multi-field interactions under multiple coupled perturbations.A comprehensive review of the perturbation factors affecting rock damage evolution and potential failure mechanisms is essential for presenting available knowledge in a more systematic and structured manner.This review provides an in-depth analysis of the CWI technique,encompassing its origins,theoretical framework,and classical data processing methodologies.Additionally,it explores the diverse applications of CWI in assessing rock behavior under various perturbation factors,including temperature variations,fluid infiltration,and stress conditions,with a particular emphasis on nonlinear deformation and multi-field coupling effects.Furthermore,a novel method for calculating relative velocity changes in coda waves is introduced,enabling a more precise characterization of the entire rock failure process.The study also proposes a cutting-edge concept of ultra-early and refined monitoring and warning technology for mine rock disasters,leveraging the advancements in CWI.Finally,the review highlights the potential future developments of CWI in high-level intelligent mining scenarios,particularly its integration with ambient noise interferometry and microseismic coda wave analysis.This work serves as a valuable reference,contributing to the refinement of CWI applications for assessing complex rock behavior and enhancing the accuracy of rock disaster prediction and early warning systems.展开更多
Dielectric elastomers(DE),renowned for their lightweight,rapid response,high energy density,and efficient conversion,have garnered significant attention in the realm of avian flight bionics.However,a lack of understan...Dielectric elastomers(DE),renowned for their lightweight,rapid response,high energy density,and efficient conversion,have garnered significant attention in the realm of avian flight bionics.However,a lack of understanding of the mechanical principles underlying flapping wing biomimetics has hindered accurate simulations of actual bird flight postures.To address this,a stiffness-variable DE-based wing(DEW)has been designed,inspired by the characteristics of seagulls,to mimic the wing deformations across different bird flight phases.The evolution of the DEW’s deformation is modeled based on the differential equation describing the bending curve of a DE cantilever beam.By applying different voltage cycles,three continuous avian flight postures have been replicated:takeoff,cruising,and hovering.The simulation results demonstrate that the stiffness-variable DEW effectively mimics the wing deformations observed in birds during different flight postures,closely resembling real-world flight conditions.This study has the potential to serve as an important reference for exploring changes in bird flight behavior,thereby advancing the application of DE materials in the field of soft robotics.展开更多
基金project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11372132, 11502109)
文摘This paper develops analytical electromechanical formulas to predict the mechanical deformation of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) cantilever actuators under DC excitation voltages. In this research, IPMC samples with Pt and Ag electrodes were manufactured, and the large nonlinear deformation and the effect of curvature on surface electrode resistance of the IPMC samples were investigated experimentally and theoretically. A distributed electrical model was modified for calculating the distribution of voltage along the bending actuator. Then an irreversible thermodynamic model that could predict the curvature of a unit part of an IPMC actuator is combined with the electrical model so that an analytical electromechanical model is developed. The electromechanical model is then validated against the experimental results obtained from Pt- and Ag-IPMC actuators under various excitation voltages. The good agreement between the electromechanical model and the actuators shows that the analytical electromechanical model can accurately describe the large nonlinear quasi-static deflection behavior of IPMC actuators.
文摘The exact relation between strain and displacement is given for nonlinear deformation of thin shell. The! fundamental formula of large deformation when the deflection is on the same class with the thickness of the shell is derived after simplified rationally. The fundamental formula of large deformation when the deflection is art the same class with the length of the shell is derived exactly for cylinder shell deformed cylindrical shaped.
基金Projects (51002045, 10947105) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2010B430016) supported by the Nature Science Research Project of Education Department of Henan Province, ChinaProject (2012IRTSTHN007) supported by Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in the University of Henan Province, China
文摘A classic hysteretic model, Preisach-Mayergoyz model （P-M model）, was used to calculate the nonlinear elastic deformation of magnesium （Mg） and cobalt （Co）. Mg and Co samples in cylinder shape were compressively tested by uniaxial test machine to obtain their stress—strain curves with hysteretic loops. The hysteretic loops do have two properties of P-M hysteretic systems： wiping out and congruency. It is proved that P-M model is applicable for the analysis of these two metals’ hysteresis. This model was applied on Mg at room temperature and Co at 300 ℃. By the P-M model, Co and Mg nonlinear elastic deformation can be calculated based on the stress history. The simulated stress—strain curves agree well with the experimental results. Therefore, the mechanical hysteresis of these two metals can be easily predicted by the classic P-M hysteretic model.
文摘In the present article, the linear and the nonlinear deformation behaviour of functionally graded （FG） spherical shell panel are examined under thermomechanical load. The temperature- dependent effective material properties of FG shell panel are evaluated using Voigt＇s micro-mechanical rule in conjunction with power-law distribution. The nonlinear mathematical model of the FG shell panel is developed based on higher-order shear deformation theory and Green-Lagrange type geometrical nonlinearity. The desired nonlinear governing equation of the FG shell panel is computed using the variational principle. The model is discretised through suitable nonlinear finite element steps and solved using direct iterative method. The convergence and the val- idation behaviour of the present numerical model are performed to show the efficacy of the model. The effect of different parameters on the nonlinear deformation behaviour of FG spherical shell panel is highlighted by solving numerous examples.
文摘In this paper, the general solution on nonlinear axial symmetrical deformation of nonhomogeneous cylindrical shells is obtained by step reduction method[1]. The general formula of displacements and stress resultants, which is used to solve the bending problems of nonhomogeneous cylindrical shells under arbitrary axial symmetric loads, is derived. Its uniform convergence is proved. Finally, it is only necessary to solve one set of binary linear algebraic equations. A numerical example is given at the end of the paper which indicates satisfactory results of displacement and stress resultants can be obtained and converge to the exact solution.
文摘In this paper. we obtain the rate-tvpe constitutive expressions of the nonlinearisotropic elastieity by using the Jaumann, Truesdell and Green-Naghdi stress rgterespectively,Through analysing the simple shear deformation for Mooney-Rivlin material.three kinds of rate-type constitutive equations are verified to be equivalent to the original equation.Rate-type variational prineiples are also presented, and the Ritzmethod is used to obtain the numerical solution of a reetangular rubber membraneunder uniaxial streteh.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Foundation of China(No.62201158).
文摘Multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry(MT-InSAR)is a standard technique for mapping clustering and wide-scale deformation.A linear model is often used in phase unwrapping to overcome the underdetermination.It’s difficult to identify different types of nonlinear deformation.However,the interpretation of nonlinear deformation is very important in monitoring potential risk.This paper introduces a comprehensive approach for identifying and interpreting different types of deformation within InSAR datasets,integrating initial clustering and classification simplification.Initial classification is performed using the K-means clustering method to cluster the collected InSAR deformation time-series data.Then we use F test and Anderson-Darling test(AD test)to simplify the clusters after initial classification.This technique distinctly discerns the changing trends of deformation signals,thereby providing robust support for interpreting potential deformation scenarios within observed InSAR regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11172138, 10727201)
文摘This paper studies the static deformation behavior of a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer （PMUT） actuated by a strong external electric field. The transducer membrane consists of a piezoelectric layer, a passive layer and two electrode layers. The nonlinearities of the piezoelectric layer caused by electrostriction under a strong electric field are analyzed. Because the thickness of the transducer membrane is on the microscale, the size dependence of the deformation behavior is evaluated using the couple stress theory. The results show that the optimal ratio of the top electrode diameter and the membrane diameter is around 0.674. It is also found that this optimal value does not depend on any other parameters if the thicknesses of the two electrodes are negligible compared with those of the piezo- electric and passive layers. In addition, the nonlinearities of the piezoelectric layer will become stronger along with the increase of the electric field, which means that softening of the membrane stiffness occurs when a strong external electric field is applied. Meanwhile, the optimal thickness ratio for the passive layer and the piezoelectric layer is not equal to 1.0 which is usually adopted by previous researchers. Because there exists size dependence of membrane deforma-tion, the optimal value of this thickness ratio needs to be greater than 1.0 on the microscale.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 51079092)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant no.20090181120088)Science and Technology Support Plan Project of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2008SZ0163)
文摘Shapai Roller Compacted Concrete(RCC) Arch Dam is the highest RCC arch dam of the 20th century in the world with a maximum height of 132m,and it is the only concrete arch dam near the epicentre of Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th,2008.The seismic damage to the dam and the resistance of the dam has drawn great attention.This paper analyzed the response and resistance of the dam to the seismic wave using numerical simulations with comparison to the monitored data.The field investigation after the earthquake and analysis of insitu data record showed that there was only little variation in the opening size at the dam and foundation interface,transverse joints and inducing joints before and after the earthquake.The overall stability of the dam abutment resistance body was quite good except a little relaxation was observed.The results of the dynamic finite element method(FEM) showed that the sizes of the openings obtained from the numerical modeling are comparable with the monitored values,and the change of the opening size is in millimeter range.This study revealed that Shapai arch dam exhibited high seismic resistance and overload capacity in the Wenchuan earthquake event.The comparison of the monitored and simulated results showed that the numerical method applied in this paper well simulated the seismic response of the dam.The method could be useful in the future application on the safety evaluation of RCC dams.
基金Project(2006AA12Z156)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(40974006,40774003)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project supported by Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province,ChinaProjects(2011GK3106,2011SK3077)supported by Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province,China
文摘The subsidence of the mining area was monitored by analyzing the phase of permanent scatters （PS） which maintained high coherence in magnitude of SAR images.A hew method of spatial unwrapping was presented which used the subsidence rates calculated on comer reflector （CR） points as constraints for PS network to perform the spatial unwrapping using the parametric adjustment method.The algorithm achieved the integration of CR data and PSInSAR algorithm.The colliery dense distributed area around Baisha reservoir was chosen as the study area in the experiment.The time series of subsidence from February in 2007 to February in 2010 is successfully inversed by using the periodic function to simulate the linear and nonlinear components of the deformation.The simulation results show that the accuracy can be ± 2.1 mm with the leveling data being used as the external validation data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11272127 and 51435006)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20130142110022)
文摘We study the dynamic behavior of a quartz crystal resonator （QCR） in thickness-shear vibrations with the upper surface covered by an array of micro-beams （MBs） under large deflection. Through taking into account the continuous conditions of shear force and bending moment at the interface of MBs/resonator, dependences of frequency shift of the compound QCR system versus material parameter and geometrical parameter are illustrated in detail for nonlinear and linear vibrations. It is found that the frequency shift produces a little right （left） translation for increasing elastic modulus （length/radius ratio） of MBs. Moreover, the frequency right （left） translation distance caused by nonlinear deformation becomes more serious in the second-order mode than in the first-order one,
基金Project supported by Sinopec Science and Technology Project“Optimized stimulation of shale gas zones in Fuling block”(Grant No.P14091).
文摘In the Southeastern Sichuan Basin,the deep shale reservoirs(with vertical depth over 2800 m)are complicated and diverse in reservoir mineral compositions and pore structural characteristics,with the obvious rock plasticity and nonlinear fracturing features and the high absolute difference between maximum and minimum principal stresses,due to the effect of geological setting and diagenesis.Consequently,staged fracturing operations often suffer from high fracturing pressure and propagating pressure,small fracture width,low sandefluid ratio and fracture conductivity and difficult formation of volume fractures,which seriously influence the post-fracturing shale gas productivity.In this paper,a new combined fracturing mode(pretreatment acid+gelled fluid+slickwater+gelled fluid)and its supporting technologies were developed after a series of analysis and studies on deep rocks in terms of mechanical property,earth stress characteristics,fracturing characteristics and fracture morphology characteristics.Field application shows that geologic breakthrough was realized in Longmaxi Fm of Lower Silurian in Well Dingye 2HF,with absolute open flow(AOF)of 10.5×10^(4)m^(3)/d after fracturing.And it was expected to reach commercial breakthrough in Qiongzhusi Fm of Lower Cambrian in Well Jinye 1HF,with AOF of 10.5×10^(4)m^(3)/d after fracturing.Finally,the following conclusions are reached.First,it is hard to form complex fractures in deep shale and the fracturing technologies applicable for it should be different from those used in midedeep zones.Second,the established fracturing pressure model can provide an effective way for deep-zone fracturing pressure prediction.Third,reducing operation pressure is one of the key measures to ensure successful deep-zone fracturing.Fourth,besides good material basis,it is crucial to increase the complexity of induced fractures and generate high-conductivity fractures in order to guarantee successful fracturing in deep shale.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19872076)
文摘Based on the nonlinear geometric relation between strain and displacement for flexible cable, the equilibrium equation under self-weight and influence of temperature was established and an analytical solution of displacement and tension distribution defined in Eulerian coordinate system was accurately obtained. The nonlinear algebraic equations caused by cable structure were solved directly using the modified Powell hybrid algorithm with high precision routine DNEQNE of Fortran. For example, a cable structure consisting of three cables jointly supported by a vertical spring and all the other ends fixed was calculated and compared with various methods by other scholars.
文摘The principle and method of flexible multibody system dynamics is presented. The dynamic equation have been developed by means of Huston's method based on Kane's equation. In which the flexible members with general cross-section characters were divided into finite segment models under the assumption of small strain. In order to decrease the degrees of freedom of the system and increase the efficiency of numerical calculation. the mode transformation has been introduced. A typical example is presented. and the foregoing method has been perfectly verified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10772024)
文摘The cavitation problem of a composite ball under a uniform temperature is investigated, and the ball is composed of two elastic solid materials. The nonlinear mathematical model of the problem is established with the finite logarithmic strain measure for a large geometric deformation and by the Hooke law for elastic materials. The analytic solutions in a parametric form are derived for the thermal dilatation of the composite ball with a large elastic deformation. Solution curves are given to describe the variations of the critical temperature in the cavitation with the geometric and material parameters. The bifurcation curve is also given to reveal the cavity growth after void nucleation. The numerical results for a computational example indicate that the radius of the cavity will rapidly grow above the critical temperature, and the loop stress will become infinite when void nucleation. ＂This means that the materials near the cavity will produce a plastic deformation leading to local failure and fracture if the material of the internal ball is elastoplastic. In addition, the cavitation of the composite ball appears at a low temperature if the elastic property of the material of the internal ball is nearly uncompressible.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10947105)Natural Science Research Project of Education Department of Henan Province (No.2010B430016)
文摘Hexagonal boron nitride （h-BN） is an important structural material with layered microstructure.Because of the plastic anisotropy,this material shows obvious mechanical hysteresis （nonlinear elastic deformation）.There are hysteretic loops at the cyclical load-unload stress-strain curves of h-BN.Consequently,two hot-pressed h-BN cylinders with different textures were studied.The mechanical hysteresis is heavily texture-dependent.The area of hysteretic loop is linearly related with the square of loading stress-level.Two minor loops attached on the hysteretic loops with the same extreme stresses have congruent shapes.It can be concluded that the mechanical hysteresis of h-BN can be explained by a Kink Nonlinear Elastic model developed from the study of a ternary carbide Ti3SiC2.
文摘The anisotropic continuum stored energy density (ACSED) functional is applied for accurate constitutive modeling of biological tissues and finite element implementation without the isochoric—volumetric split, the anisotropic—isotropic split, or the anisotropic invariant split. Related stress and elasticity tensors in the reference and current configurations are worked out. A new kinematic model is derived based on the tangent Poisson’s ratio as a cubic polynomial function of stretch. The ACSED model, along with the kinematic model, accurately fits uniaxial extension test data for compressible human skin, bovine articular cartilage, and human aorta samples.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Fund for Young Scientists 2021YFC2900400)Chongqing Outstanding Youth Science Fund project(CSTB2023NSCQ-JQX0027).
文摘Understanding rock behavior is crucial in mine geotechnical engineering to ensure construction efficiency,mitigate rock-related hazards,and promote environmental sustainability.Coda Wave Interferometry(CWI),a non-destructive ultrasonic testing method,has been widely employed to assess micro-damage evolution in rocks induced by perturbations in scatterer position,velocity,or source location due to its exceptional sensitivity.However,challenges persist in evaluating cross-scale rock behavior influenced by nonlinear deformation and multi-field interactions under multiple coupled perturbations.A comprehensive review of the perturbation factors affecting rock damage evolution and potential failure mechanisms is essential for presenting available knowledge in a more systematic and structured manner.This review provides an in-depth analysis of the CWI technique,encompassing its origins,theoretical framework,and classical data processing methodologies.Additionally,it explores the diverse applications of CWI in assessing rock behavior under various perturbation factors,including temperature variations,fluid infiltration,and stress conditions,with a particular emphasis on nonlinear deformation and multi-field coupling effects.Furthermore,a novel method for calculating relative velocity changes in coda waves is introduced,enabling a more precise characterization of the entire rock failure process.The study also proposes a cutting-edge concept of ultra-early and refined monitoring and warning technology for mine rock disasters,leveraging the advancements in CWI.Finally,the review highlights the potential future developments of CWI in high-level intelligent mining scenarios,particularly its integration with ambient noise interferometry and microseismic coda wave analysis.This work serves as a valuable reference,contributing to the refinement of CWI applications for assessing complex rock behavior and enhancing the accuracy of rock disaster prediction and early warning systems.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12172206 and 11972218).
文摘Dielectric elastomers(DE),renowned for their lightweight,rapid response,high energy density,and efficient conversion,have garnered significant attention in the realm of avian flight bionics.However,a lack of understanding of the mechanical principles underlying flapping wing biomimetics has hindered accurate simulations of actual bird flight postures.To address this,a stiffness-variable DE-based wing(DEW)has been designed,inspired by the characteristics of seagulls,to mimic the wing deformations across different bird flight phases.The evolution of the DEW’s deformation is modeled based on the differential equation describing the bending curve of a DE cantilever beam.By applying different voltage cycles,three continuous avian flight postures have been replicated:takeoff,cruising,and hovering.The simulation results demonstrate that the stiffness-variable DEW effectively mimics the wing deformations observed in birds during different flight postures,closely resembling real-world flight conditions.This study has the potential to serve as an important reference for exploring changes in bird flight behavior,thereby advancing the application of DE materials in the field of soft robotics.
