Effective lattice oxygen(Olatt)activation at low temperatures has long been a challenge in catalytic oxidation reactions.Traditional thermal catalytic soot combustion,even with Pt/Pd catalysts,is inefficient at exhaus...Effective lattice oxygen(Olatt)activation at low temperatures has long been a challenge in catalytic oxidation reactions.Traditional thermal catalytic soot combustion,even with Pt/Pd catalysts,is inefficient at exhaust temperatures below 200℃,particularly under conditions of frequent idling.Herein,we report an effective strategy utilizing non-thermal plasma(NTP)to activate Olatt in Ce_(1–x)Co_(x)O_(2–δ)catalysts,achieving dramatic enhancement of the soot combustion rate at low temperatures.At 200℃ and 4.3 W(discharge power,P_(dis)),NTP-Ce_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(2–δ)achieved 96.9%soot conversion(X_(C)),99.0%CO_(2) selectivity(S(CO_(2)))and a maximum energy conversion efficiency(Emax)of 14.7 g kWh^(–1).Compared with previously reported results,NTP-Ce_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(2–δ)exhibits the highest S(CO_(2))and Emax values.Remarkably,even without heating,X_(C),Emax,and S(CO_(2))reached 92.1%,6.1 g kWh–1,and 97.5%,respectively,at 6.3 W(P_(dis)).The results of characterization and theoretical calculation demonstrated that Co dopes into the CeO_(2) crystal lattice and forms an asymmetric Ce–O–Co structure,making oxygen“easy come,easy go”,thereby enabling the rapid combustion of soot over NTP-Ce_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(2–δ).This study highlights the great potential of NTP for activating Olatt and provides valuable insights into the design of efficient NTP-adapted catalysts for oxidation reactions.展开更多
In this work, non-thermal plasma has been applied to treat polyacrylamide（PAM） wastewater.We have investigated the influence of the rule of PAM wastewater initial pH, solution concentration and discharge time, disch...In this work, non-thermal plasma has been applied to treat polyacrylamide（PAM） wastewater.We have investigated the influence of the rule of PAM wastewater initial pH, solution concentration and discharge time, discharge voltage on chemical oxygen demand（COD）degradation rate. At the same time, the effect of pH and discharge time on the viscosity removal rate of PAM solution was also studied. Then, the effect of pH on the viscosity removal rate of1.0 gl-1 PAM solution was studied separately. Through orthogonal test, the factors affecting the COD degradation rate of PAM wastewater were determined as follows: discharge time > discharge voltage > solution concentration > wastewater initial pH. The COD highest removal rate of PAM wastewater reached 85.74%, when the optimal conditions are as follows:discharge voltage 40 k V, discharge time 5 h, solution concentration 1.0 gl-1, pH 1.5. This research provides some basic data and new theoretical basis for PAM wastewater purification.展开更多
In order to investigate the feasibility of sequential removal NO and SO2 using non-thermal plasma and adsorbent simultaneously, the removal of NO and SO2 from dry gas stream （NO/SO2/N2/O2） with very little O2 using ...In order to investigate the feasibility of sequential removal NO and SO2 using non-thermal plasma and adsorbent simultaneously, the removal of NO and SO2 from dry gas stream （NO/SO2/N2/O2） with very little O2 using non-thermal plasma was investigated using a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge. Comparative experiments were carried out in the dry gas stream with and without Ar respectively at O2 concentration of 0.1%. The results showed that NO could be removed remarkably and it would be enhanced in the presence of Ar in the dry gas stream. It seems that SO2 could not be removed unless there is Ar in the dry gas stream. The mechanism of removal of NO and SO2 in the dry gas stream was discussed.展开更多
This paper compares the flame acceleration in single-trial dual-detonation tubes triggered by a spark plug and non-thermal plasma igniter. The low-temperature plasma was generated by an in-house novel AC-driven dielec...This paper compares the flame acceleration in single-trial dual-detonation tubes triggered by a spark plug and non-thermal plasma igniter. The low-temperature plasma was generated by an in-house novel AC-driven dielectric barrier discharge igniter, which reduces the power supply requirements and was applied in the quiescent ignition of a single-trial detonation tube. Three different types of detonation mixtures were tested with flame propagation tracked by ion probes and pressure waves recorded by high-frequency pressure transducers. The flame propagation speeds were calculated and compared based on signals from the ion probes. The detonation combustion succeeded in the dual tubes, but the deflagration-to-detonation transition could be significantly accelerated by the plasma for all mixtures, as it was shortened by more than 50% compared to that of the spark plug. The present study provides a suitable technological approach for igniters of PDEs.展开更多
An experimental system of De-NO with plasma-catalyst（Cu zeolite） was established to investigate the differences between De- NO with plasma-catalyst and De-NO only with plasma, to provide the instruction for selectin...An experimental system of De-NO with plasma-catalyst（Cu zeolite） was established to investigate the differences between De- NO with plasma-catalyst and De-NO only with plasma, to provide the instruction for selecting appropriate catalyst and operating condition, The characteristics of De-NO with plasma and De-NO with plasma-catalyst were investigated comparatively by experiments. The experimental results show that De-NO with plasma-catalyst has high NO removal rate; Cu zeolite is an effective catalyst which can promote NO removal rate in plasma remarkably; De-NO with plasma-catalyst should be operated at low temperature and the temperature has opposite effects on the function of catalvst and plasma; water vapor and O2 can increase the NO removal rate.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the pathological characteristics of non-thermal damage induced by pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound （PHIFU） combined with ultrasound contrast agent （UCA）, SonoVue （Bracco SpA, Milan, I...AIM： To investigate the pathological characteristics of non-thermal damage induced by pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound （PHIFU） combined with ultrasound contrast agent （UCA）, SonoVue （Bracco SpA, Milan, Italy） in rabbit liver VX2 tumor. METHODS： Liver VX2 tumor models were established in 20 rabbits, which were divided randomly into PHIFU combined with ultrasound contrast agent group （PHIFU ＋ UCA group） and sham group. In the PHIFU ＋ UCA group, 0.2 mL of SonoVue was injected intravenously into the tumor, followed by ultrasound exposure of Isp 5900 W/cm^2. The rabbits were sacrificed one day after ultrasound exposure. Specimens of the exposed tumor tissues were obtained and observed pathologically under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The remaining tumor tissues were sent for 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. RESULTS： Before Trc staining, tumor tissues in both the sham and the PHIFU ＋ UCA groups resembled gray fish meat, After TIC staining, the tumor tissues were uniformly stained red, with a clear boundary between tumor tissue and normal tissue, Histological examination showed signs of tumor cell injury in PHIFU ＋ UCA group, with cytoplasmic vacuoles of various sizes, chromatin margination and karyopyknosis. Electron microscopic examination revealed tumor cell volume reduction, karyopyknosis, chromatin margination, intercellular space widening, the presence of high electro＇n-density apoptotic bodies and vacuoles in cytoplasm. CONCLUSION： The non-thermal effects of PHIFU combined with UCA can be used to ablate rabbit liver VX2 tumors.展开更多
C1 chemistrymainly involves the catalytic transformation of C1molecules(i.e.,CO,CO2,CH4 and CH3OH),which usually encounters thermodynamic and/or kinetic limitations.To address these limitations,non-thermal plasma(NTP)...C1 chemistrymainly involves the catalytic transformation of C1molecules(i.e.,CO,CO2,CH4 and CH3OH),which usually encounters thermodynamic and/or kinetic limitations.To address these limitations,non-thermal plasma(NTP)activated heterogeneous catalysis offers a number of advantages,such as relatively mild reaction conditions and energy efficiency,in comparison to the conventional thermal catalysis.This review presents the state-of-the-art for the application of NTP-catalysis towards C1 chemistry,including the CO2 hydrogenation,reforming of CH4 and CH3OH,and water-gas shift(WGS)reaction.In the hybrid NTP-catalyst system,the plasma-catalyst interactions aremultifaceted.Accordingly,this reviewalso includes a brief discussion on the fundamental research into themechanisms of NTP activated catalytic C1 chemistry,such as the advanced characterisation methods(e.g.,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy,DRIFTS),temperatureprogrammed plasma surface reaction(TPPSR),kinetic studies.Finally,prospects for the future research on the development of tailor-made catalysts for NTP-catalysis systems(which will enable the further understanding of its mechanism)and the translation of the hybrid technique to practical applications of catalytic C1 chemistry are discussed.展开更多
The present study evaluated the effect of non-thermal plasma on skin wound healing in BalB/c mice.Two 6-mm wounds along the both sides of the spine were created on the back of each mouse（n=80） by using a punch biops...The present study evaluated the effect of non-thermal plasma on skin wound healing in BalB/c mice.Two 6-mm wounds along the both sides of the spine were created on the back of each mouse（n=80） by using a punch biopsy.The mice were assigned randomly into two groups,with 40 animals in each group：a non-thermal plasma group in which the mice were treated with the non-thermal plasma;a control group in which the mice were left to heal naturally.Wound healing was evaluated on postoperative days（POD） 4,7,10 and 14（n=5 per group in each POD） by percentage of wound closure.The mice was euthanized on POD 1,4,7,10,14,21,28 and 35（n=1 in each POD）.The wounds were removed,routinely fixed,paraffin-embedded,sectioned and HE-stained.A modified scoring system was used to evaluate the wounds.The results showed that acute inflammation peaked on POD 4 in non-thermal plasma group,earlier than in control group in which acute inflammation reached a peak on POD 7,and the acute inflammation scores were much lower in non-thermal group than in control group on POD 7（P0.05）.The amount of granular tissue was greater on POD 4 and 7 in non-thermal group than in control group（P0.05）.The re-epithelialization score and the neovasularization score were increased significantly in non-thermal group when compared with control group on POD 7 and 10（P0.05 for all）.The count of bacterial colonies was 103 CFU/mL on POD 4 and 20 CFU/mL on POD 7,significantly lower than that in control group（109 CFU/mL on POD 4 and 1012 CFU/mL on the POD 7）（P0.05）.It was suggested that the non-thermal plasma facilitates the wound healing by suppressing bacterial colo-nization.展开更多
An atmospheric non-thermal plasma jet was developed for sterilizing the Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus）. The plasma jet was generated by dielectric barrier discharge （DBD）, which was characterized by electrical ...An atmospheric non-thermal plasma jet was developed for sterilizing the Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus）. The plasma jet was generated by dielectric barrier discharge （DBD）, which was characterized by electrical and optical diagnostics. The survival curves of the bacteria showed that the plasma jet could effectively inactivate 10 6 cells of S. aureus within 120 seconds and the sterilizing efficiency depended critically on the discharge parameter of the applied voltage. It was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） that the cell morphology was seriously damaged by the plasma treatment. The plasma sterilization mechanism of S. aureus was attributed to the active species of OH, N 2 ＋ and O, which were generated abundantly in the plasma jet and characterized by OES. Our findings suggest a convenient and low-cost way for sterilization and inactivation of bacteria.展开更多
Non-thermal plasma(NTP)surface modification technology is a new method to control the surface properties of materials,which has been widely used in the field of environmental protection because of its short action tim...Non-thermal plasma(NTP)surface modification technology is a new method to control the surface properties of materials,which has been widely used in the field of environmental protection because of its short action time,simple process and no pollution.In this study,Cu/ACF(activated carbon fiber loaded with copper)adsorbent was modified with NTP to remove H_(2)S and PH_(3) simultaneously under low temperature and micro-oxygen condition.Meanwhile,the effects of different modified atmosphere(air,N_(2) and NH_(3)),specific energy input(0–13 J/mL)and modification time(0–30 min)on the removal of H_(2)S and PH_(3) were investigated.Performance test results indicated that under the same reaction conditions,the adsorbent modified by NH_(3) plasma with 5 J/mL for 10 min had the best removal effect on H_(2)S and PH_(3).CO_(2) temperature-programmed desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyzes showed that NH_(3) plasma modification could introduce amino functional groups on the surface of the adsorbent,and increase the types and number of alkaline sites on the surface.Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and scanning electron microscopy showed that NH_(3) plasma modification did not significantly change the pore size structure of the adsorbent,but more active components were evenly exposed to the surface,thus improving the adsorption performance.In addition,X-ray diffraction and XPS analysis indicated that the consumption of active components(Cu and Cu_(2)O)and the accumulation of sulfate and phosphate on the surface and inner pores of the adsorbent are the main reasons for the deactivation of the adsorbent.展开更多
This review describes the application of non-thermal plasma（NTP） technology for high barrier layer fabrication in packaging area.NTP technology is considered to be the most prospective approaches for the barrier lay...This review describes the application of non-thermal plasma（NTP） technology for high barrier layer fabrication in packaging area.NTP technology is considered to be the most prospective approaches for the barrier layer fabrication over the past decades due to unpollution,high speed,low-costing.The applications of NTP technology have achieved numerous exciting results in high barrier packaging area.Now it seemly demands a detailed review to summarize the past works and direct the future developments.This review focuses on the different NTP resources applied in the high barrier area,the role of plasma surface modification on packaging film surface properties,and the deposition of different barrier coatings based on NTP technology.In particular,this review emphasizes the cutting-edge technologies of NTP on interlayer deposition with organic,inorganic for multilayer barriers fabrication.The future prospects of NTP technology in high barrier film areas are also described.展开更多
Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) plays an integral role in the metabolism of liver and development of the skeleton in humans. To date, the interactions between different-duration terahertz(THz) radiation and ALP activities, ...Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) plays an integral role in the metabolism of liver and development of the skeleton in humans. To date, the interactions between different-duration terahertz(THz) radiation and ALP activities, as well as the influence mechanism are still unclear. In this study, using the para-nitro-phenyl-phosphate(p NPP) method, we detect changes in ALP activities during 40-minute THz radiation(0.1 THz, 13 m W/cm^2). It is found that the activity of ALP decreases in the first 25 min, and subsequently increases in the later 15 min. Compared with the activity of ALP being heated, the results suggest that short-term terahertz radiation induces a decrease in enzyme activity through the non-thermal mechanism. In order to explore the non-thermal effects of THz radiation on ALP, we focus on the impacts of 0.1 THz radiation for 20 min on the activity of ALP in different concentrations. The results reveal that the activity of ALP decreases significantly after exposure to THz radiation. In addition, it could be deduced from fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis), and THz spectra results that THz radiation has induced changes in ALP structures. Our study unlocks non-thermal interactions between THz radiation and ALP, as well as suggests that THz spectroscopy is a promising technique to distinguish ALP structures.展开更多
Increasing concern with regard to food safety in the presence of pesticide residues(PRs) on the surface of agricultural products has resulted in the rapid development of practical degrading technologies for correspond...Increasing concern with regard to food safety in the presence of pesticide residues(PRs) on the surface of agricultural products has resulted in the rapid development of practical degrading technologies for corresponding PRs. In this paper, an unconventional method of degrading pesticides, non-thermal atmospheric plasma(NTAP), was proposed to degrade the avermectin(AVM) in aqueous solution. Optical emission spectroscopy shows that NTAP, consisting of filamentary streamers, contains a variety of reactive oxygen species(ROS) that may interact with AVM. The high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-MS/MS results indicate that the efficiency of AVM degradation seriously depends on multiple operation parameters of the NTAP,including the applied voltage, treatment time and gas flow rate. The maximum degradation rate of AVM was observed to be 97.47% after 240 s exposure under NTAP with an applied voltage of 18 kV and gas flow rate of 1 l min-1. Molecular dynamics simulation based on a reactive force field for the interaction between O(ground state atomic oxygen) and AVM was performed to analyze the underpinning mechanisms. The simulation result shows the possible pathways of the NTAPgenerated O degrading AVM by destroying the glycosyl group or fracturing the ester group.展开更多
To obtain large-volume non-thermal arc plasma(NTAP), a multiple NTAP generator with three pairs of electrodes has been developed. The arc plasma characteristics, including dynamic process, spatial distribution, and ro...To obtain large-volume non-thermal arc plasma(NTAP), a multiple NTAP generator with three pairs of electrodes has been developed. The arc plasma characteristics, including dynamic process, spatial distribution, and rotation velocity in the discharge zone, were investigated by high speed photograph and image processing methods. The results showed that the dynamic behaviors and spatial distribution of the arc plasma were strongly related to the electrode configuration.A swirl flow of multi-arc plasma was formed by adjusting the electrode configuration, and a steady luminance area was clearly observed in the center of the discharge zone. Moreover, the size of the luminance area increased by decreasing the gas flow rate. The electrical connection in series could be formed between/among these arc columns with their respective driving power supplies in the multi-arc dynamic evolution process. An approximately periodical process of acceleration and deceleration of the arc rotation velocity was observed in the multi-arc generator with swirl flow configuration. In general, the mean velocity of arc rotation was higher in the multi-arc generator with swirl flow configuration when a pair of electrodes driven by a power supply were opposite to each other rather than adjacent.展开更多
Chlorobenzene removal was investigated in a non-thermal plasma reactor using CeO2/HZSM-5catalysts.The performance of catalysts was evaluated in terms of removal and energy efficiency.The decomposition products of chlo...Chlorobenzene removal was investigated in a non-thermal plasma reactor using CeO2/HZSM-5catalysts.The performance of catalysts was evaluated in terms of removal and energy efficiency.The decomposition products of chlorobenzene were analyzed.The results show that CeO2/HZSM-5 exhibited a good catalytic activity,which resulted in enhancements of chlorobenzene removal,energy efficiency,and the formation of lower amounts of by-products.With regards to CO2 selectivity,the presence of catalysts favors the oxidation of by-products,leading to a higher CO2 selectivity.With respect to ozone,which is considered as an unavoidable by-product in air plasma reactors,a noticeable decrease in its concentration was observed in the presence of catalysts.Furthermore,the stability of the catalyst was investigated by analyzing the evolution of conversion in time.The experiment results indicated that CeO2/HZSM-5 catalysts have excellent stability：chlorobenzene conversion only decreased from 78%to 60%after 75 hr,which means that the CeO2/HZSM-5 suffered a slight deactivation.Some organic compounds and chlorinated intermediates were adsorbed or deposited on the catalysts surface as shown by the results of Fourier Transform Infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy,scanning electron microscope（SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDS） analyses of the catalyst before and after the reaction,revealing the cause of catalyst deactivation.展开更多
A non-thermal plasma brush is employed to deposit stain-resistant SiO2-like coatings on resin composite fillings and bovine teeth.With post-treating by plasma,the hardness of the coating increases from H to 8H and the...A non-thermal plasma brush is employed to deposit stain-resistant SiO2-like coatings on resin composite fillings and bovine teeth.With post-treating by plasma,the hardness of the coating increases from H to 8H and the water contact angle decreases from 98.8° to 61.7°.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show that,after plasma post-treating,the Si-O-Si and Si-OH bonds of the coating increase.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show the coatings to be uniform,without cracks.The coatings present outstanding performance in a stain resistance test both on resin composite and bovine teeth.Being easy to handle and less time consuming than traditional methods,with a body-friendly temperature and material,this plasma brush provides a promising in-situ coating method on patient teeth in dental clinics.展开更多
Non-thermal plasma(NTP)is considered to be a promising technology for the removal of volatile organic compounds;however,its application is limited by low CO_(2) selectivity and undesirable by-products.To overcome thes...Non-thermal plasma(NTP)is considered to be a promising technology for the removal of volatile organic compounds;however,its application is limited by low CO_(2) selectivity and undesirable by-products.To overcome these issues,this paper discusses the degradation of chlorobenzene(CB)in systems of NTP coupled with catalysts,and the influence of catalyst locations in the NTP was investigated.In addition,the interaction between plasma and catalyst was also explored.The results indicated that the degradability of CB was remarkably improved through the combination of NTP with catalysts,and the formation of ozone was effectively inhibited.The degradation efficiency increased from 33.9%to 79.6%at 14 kV in the NTPcatalytic system,while the ozone concentration decreased from 437 to 237 mg m^(-3),and the degradation efficiency of in plasma catalysis(IPC)systems was superior to that of the post plasma catalysis system,while the inhibition ability of ozone exhibited an opposing trend.In the IPC system,the degradation efficiency was 87.7%at 14 k V,while the ozone concentration was151 mg m^(-3).Besides,the plasma did not destroy the pore structure and crystal structure of the catalyst,but affected the surface morphology and redox performance of the catalyst.Thus,NTP coupled catalytic system could improve the degradation performance of CB.Furthermore,the plasma discharge characteristics played a major role in the NTP synergistic catalytic degradation of CB.Finally,based on the experiment analysis results,the general reaction mechanism of CB degradation in an IPC reaction system was proposed.展开更多
Mung bean(Vigna radiata)sprouts are widely consumed worldwide due to their high nutritional value.However,the low yield and microbial contamination of mung bean sprouts seriously reduces their economic value.This stud...Mung bean(Vigna radiata)sprouts are widely consumed worldwide due to their high nutritional value.However,the low yield and microbial contamination of mung bean sprouts seriously reduces their economic value.This study investigates the effects of non-thermal plasma on the quality and microbial reduction of mung bean sprouts by pretreatment of seeds in water for different times(0,1,3 and 6 min).The quality results showed that short-time plasma treatment(1 and 3 min)promoted seed germination and seedling growth,whereas long-time plasma treatment(6 min)had inhibitory effects.Plasma also had a similar dose effects on the total flavonoid and phenolic contents of mung bean sprouts.The microbiological results showed that plasma treatment achieved a reduction of native microorganisms ranging from 0.54 to 7.09 log for fungi and 0.29 to 6.80 log for bacteria at 96 h incubation.Meanwhile,plasma treatment could also efficiently inactivate artificially inoculated Salmonella typhimurium(1.83–6.22 log)and yeast(0.53–3.19 log)on mung bean seeds.The results of seed coat permeability tests and scanning electron microscopy showed that plasma could damage the seed coat structure,consequently increasing the electrical conductivity of mung bean seeds.The physicochemical analysis of plasma-treated water showed that plasma generated various long-and short-lived active species[nitric oxide radicals(NO·),hydroxyl radicals(·OH),singlet oxygen(1O2),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and nitrite(NO_(2)^(-))]in water,thus the oxidizability,acidity and conductivity of plasma-treated water were all increased in a treatment timedependent manner.The result for mimicked chemical mixtures confirmed the synergistic effect of activity of H_(2)O_(2),NO_(3)^(-)and NO_(2)^(-)on bacterial inactivation and plant growth promotion.Taken together,these results imply that plasma pretreatment of mung bean seeds in water with moderate oxidizability and acidity is an effective method to improve the yield of mung bean sprouts and reduce microbial contamination.展开更多
The use of radio frequency energy is an established technology for certain oncology therapies. Direct inputs of radio frequency (RF) energy as thermal energy are applied to ablate tumors or catalyze secondary reaction...The use of radio frequency energy is an established technology for certain oncology therapies. Direct inputs of radio frequency (RF) energy as thermal energy are applied to ablate tumors or catalyze secondary reactions in adjunct treatments against certain tumor types. Yet, other applications are being developed which take advantage of properties of RFs that impinge on biological proteins and cells without thermal effects. Here we report a proof-of-concept application of specific, digitally encoded, low power (non-thermal) radio frequency energy in an in vitro preparation of a tubulin polymerization assay. The radio frequency energy signal, designated M2(3), was applied to the tubulin polymerization assay samples during spectrophotometric measurements to assess the effectiveness for enhancing tubulin polymerization. A commercially available taxane (paclitaxel) that promotes tubulin polymerization was used as a control to assess the effectiveness of the M2(3) radio frequency energy signal on tubulin polymerization rates. A low power, specific, digital radio frequency energy signal is capable of promoting tubulin polymerization as effectively as a commercially available taxane.展开更多
Non-thermal C/H/Ar plasmas are widely applied to carbonaceous material production and processing.In this work,plasma parameters and gaseous species of the atmospheric non-thermal C/H/Ar plasmas produced by an atmosphe...Non-thermal C/H/Ar plasmas are widely applied to carbonaceous material production and processing.In this work,plasma parameters and gaseous species of the atmospheric non-thermal C/H/Ar plasmas produced by an atmospheric-pressure DC arc discharge generator in CH_4/Ar were investigated.The voltage-current characteristics were measured for different CH_4/Ar ratios.Optical emission spectroscopy was employed to analyze the electron excitation temperature,gas temperature and electron density under various discharge conditions.The hydrocarbon molecules produced in the CH4/Ar plasmas were detected with photoionization mass spectrometry.The optical spectral results demonstrated that the electron excitation temperature was 0.4-1 eV,the gas temperature was 2800-4200 K and the electron density was in the range of（5-20）×10^15 cm^-3.The mass spectrum indicated that a variety of unsaturated hydrocarbons（C2H4,C3H6,C6H6,etc.） and several highly unsaturated hydrocarbons（C4H2,C5H6,etc.） were produced in the non-thermal arc plasmas.展开更多
文摘Effective lattice oxygen(Olatt)activation at low temperatures has long been a challenge in catalytic oxidation reactions.Traditional thermal catalytic soot combustion,even with Pt/Pd catalysts,is inefficient at exhaust temperatures below 200℃,particularly under conditions of frequent idling.Herein,we report an effective strategy utilizing non-thermal plasma(NTP)to activate Olatt in Ce_(1–x)Co_(x)O_(2–δ)catalysts,achieving dramatic enhancement of the soot combustion rate at low temperatures.At 200℃ and 4.3 W(discharge power,P_(dis)),NTP-Ce_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(2–δ)achieved 96.9%soot conversion(X_(C)),99.0%CO_(2) selectivity(S(CO_(2)))and a maximum energy conversion efficiency(Emax)of 14.7 g kWh^(–1).Compared with previously reported results,NTP-Ce_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(2–δ)exhibits the highest S(CO_(2))and Emax values.Remarkably,even without heating,X_(C),Emax,and S(CO_(2))reached 92.1%,6.1 g kWh–1,and 97.5%,respectively,at 6.3 W(P_(dis)).The results of characterization and theoretical calculation demonstrated that Co dopes into the CeO_(2) crystal lattice and forms an asymmetric Ce–O–Co structure,making oxygen“easy come,easy go”,thereby enabling the rapid combustion of soot over NTP-Ce_(0.8)Co_(0.2)O_(2–δ).This study highlights the great potential of NTP for activating Olatt and provides valuable insights into the design of efficient NTP-adapted catalysts for oxidation reactions.
基金supported by Anhui University of Science and Technology Youth Fund(No.QN201415)Anhui Province Science and Technology Key Project(No.1301042130)College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.201810361079)
文摘In this work, non-thermal plasma has been applied to treat polyacrylamide（PAM） wastewater.We have investigated the influence of the rule of PAM wastewater initial pH, solution concentration and discharge time, discharge voltage on chemical oxygen demand（COD）degradation rate. At the same time, the effect of pH and discharge time on the viscosity removal rate of PAM solution was also studied. Then, the effect of pH on the viscosity removal rate of1.0 gl-1 PAM solution was studied separately. Through orthogonal test, the factors affecting the COD degradation rate of PAM wastewater were determined as follows: discharge time > discharge voltage > solution concentration > wastewater initial pH. The COD highest removal rate of PAM wastewater reached 85.74%, when the optimal conditions are as follows:discharge voltage 40 k V, discharge time 5 h, solution concentration 1.0 gl-1, pH 1.5. This research provides some basic data and new theoretical basis for PAM wastewater purification.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.50576037)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2006198)
文摘In order to investigate the feasibility of sequential removal NO and SO2 using non-thermal plasma and adsorbent simultaneously, the removal of NO and SO2 from dry gas stream （NO/SO2/N2/O2） with very little O2 using non-thermal plasma was investigated using a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge. Comparative experiments were carried out in the dry gas stream with and without Ar respectively at O2 concentration of 0.1%. The results showed that NO could be removed remarkably and it would be enhanced in the presence of Ar in the dry gas stream. It seems that SO2 could not be removed unless there is Ar in the dry gas stream. The mechanism of removal of NO and SO2 in the dry gas stream was discussed.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51176001 and 51676111)the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(No.2014Z05091)the Importation and Development of High-Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions
文摘This paper compares the flame acceleration in single-trial dual-detonation tubes triggered by a spark plug and non-thermal plasma igniter. The low-temperature plasma was generated by an in-house novel AC-driven dielectric barrier discharge igniter, which reduces the power supply requirements and was applied in the quiescent ignition of a single-trial detonation tube. Three different types of detonation mixtures were tested with flame propagation tracked by ion probes and pressure waves recorded by high-frequency pressure transducers. The flame propagation speeds were calculated and compared based on signals from the ion probes. The detonation combustion succeeded in the dual tubes, but the deflagration-to-detonation transition could be significantly accelerated by the plasma for all mixtures, as it was shortened by more than 50% compared to that of the spark plug. The present study provides a suitable technological approach for igniters of PDEs.
基金The National Basic Research Program(973) of China(G1999022209)
文摘An experimental system of De-NO with plasma-catalyst（Cu zeolite） was established to investigate the differences between De- NO with plasma-catalyst and De-NO only with plasma, to provide the instruction for selecting appropriate catalyst and operating condition, The characteristics of De-NO with plasma and De-NO with plasma-catalyst were investigated comparatively by experiments. The experimental results show that De-NO with plasma-catalyst has high NO removal rate; Cu zeolite is an effective catalyst which can promote NO removal rate in plasma remarkably; De-NO with plasma-catalyst should be operated at low temperature and the temperature has opposite effects on the function of catalvst and plasma; water vapor and O2 can increase the NO removal rate.
基金Supported by Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30830040Outstanding Youth Funding Project of China,No.30325027Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of CQ CSTS,No.CSTC2006BA5020
文摘AIM： To investigate the pathological characteristics of non-thermal damage induced by pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound （PHIFU） combined with ultrasound contrast agent （UCA）, SonoVue （Bracco SpA, Milan, Italy） in rabbit liver VX2 tumor. METHODS： Liver VX2 tumor models were established in 20 rabbits, which were divided randomly into PHIFU combined with ultrasound contrast agent group （PHIFU ＋ UCA group） and sham group. In the PHIFU ＋ UCA group, 0.2 mL of SonoVue was injected intravenously into the tumor, followed by ultrasound exposure of Isp 5900 W/cm^2. The rabbits were sacrificed one day after ultrasound exposure. Specimens of the exposed tumor tissues were obtained and observed pathologically under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The remaining tumor tissues were sent for 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. RESULTS： Before Trc staining, tumor tissues in both the sham and the PHIFU ＋ UCA groups resembled gray fish meat, After TIC staining, the tumor tissues were uniformly stained red, with a clear boundary between tumor tissue and normal tissue, Histological examination showed signs of tumor cell injury in PHIFU ＋ UCA group, with cytoplasmic vacuoles of various sizes, chromatin margination and karyopyknosis. Electron microscopic examination revealed tumor cell volume reduction, karyopyknosis, chromatin margination, intercellular space widening, the presence of high electro＇n-density apoptotic bodies and vacuoles in cytoplasm. CONCLUSION： The non-thermal effects of PHIFU combined with UCA can be used to ablate rabbit liver VX2 tumors.
基金the financial support from the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professors Program and the European Commission under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship(H2020-MSCA-IFNTPleasure-748196).
文摘C1 chemistrymainly involves the catalytic transformation of C1molecules(i.e.,CO,CO2,CH4 and CH3OH),which usually encounters thermodynamic and/or kinetic limitations.To address these limitations,non-thermal plasma(NTP)activated heterogeneous catalysis offers a number of advantages,such as relatively mild reaction conditions and energy efficiency,in comparison to the conventional thermal catalysis.This review presents the state-of-the-art for the application of NTP-catalysis towards C1 chemistry,including the CO2 hydrogenation,reforming of CH4 and CH3OH,and water-gas shift(WGS)reaction.In the hybrid NTP-catalyst system,the plasma-catalyst interactions aremultifaceted.Accordingly,this reviewalso includes a brief discussion on the fundamental research into themechanisms of NTP activated catalytic C1 chemistry,such as the advanced characterisation methods(e.g.,in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy,DRIFTS),temperatureprogrammed plasma surface reaction(TPPSR),kinetic studies.Finally,prospects for the future research on the development of tailor-made catalysts for NTP-catalysis systems(which will enable the further understanding of its mechanism)and the translation of the hybrid technique to practical applications of catalytic C1 chemistry are discussed.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Nos.10875048,30700717)
文摘The present study evaluated the effect of non-thermal plasma on skin wound healing in BalB/c mice.Two 6-mm wounds along the both sides of the spine were created on the back of each mouse（n=80） by using a punch biopsy.The mice were assigned randomly into two groups,with 40 animals in each group：a non-thermal plasma group in which the mice were treated with the non-thermal plasma;a control group in which the mice were left to heal naturally.Wound healing was evaluated on postoperative days（POD） 4,7,10 and 14（n=5 per group in each POD） by percentage of wound closure.The mice was euthanized on POD 1,4,7,10,14,21,28 and 35（n=1 in each POD）.The wounds were removed,routinely fixed,paraffin-embedded,sectioned and HE-stained.A modified scoring system was used to evaluate the wounds.The results showed that acute inflammation peaked on POD 4 in non-thermal plasma group,earlier than in control group in which acute inflammation reached a peak on POD 7,and the acute inflammation scores were much lower in non-thermal group than in control group on POD 7（P0.05）.The amount of granular tissue was greater on POD 4 and 7 in non-thermal group than in control group（P0.05）.The re-epithelialization score and the neovasularization score were increased significantly in non-thermal group when compared with control group on POD 7 and 10（P0.05 for all）.The count of bacterial colonies was 103 CFU/mL on POD 4 and 20 CFU/mL on POD 7,significantly lower than that in control group（109 CFU/mL on POD 4 and 1012 CFU/mL on the POD 7）（P0.05）.It was suggested that the non-thermal plasma facilitates the wound healing by suppressing bacterial colo-nization.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.10835004 and 10905010)the New Century Excellent Talents in University of China (No.NCET-08-0760)
文摘An atmospheric non-thermal plasma jet was developed for sterilizing the Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus）. The plasma jet was generated by dielectric barrier discharge （DBD）, which was characterized by electrical and optical diagnostics. The survival curves of the bacteria showed that the plasma jet could effectively inactivate 10 6 cells of S. aureus within 120 seconds and the sterilizing efficiency depended critically on the discharge parameter of the applied voltage. It was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） that the cell morphology was seriously damaged by the plasma treatment. The plasma sterilization mechanism of S. aureus was attributed to the active species of OH, N 2 ＋ and O, which were generated abundantly in the plasma jet and characterized by OES. Our findings suggest a convenient and low-cost way for sterilization and inactivation of bacteria.
基金funding for this study received from the Fundamental Research Funds for the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21876071,51968034,41807373 and 21667015)Science and Technology Program of Yunnan province(No.2019FB069).
文摘Non-thermal plasma(NTP)surface modification technology is a new method to control the surface properties of materials,which has been widely used in the field of environmental protection because of its short action time,simple process and no pollution.In this study,Cu/ACF(activated carbon fiber loaded with copper)adsorbent was modified with NTP to remove H_(2)S and PH_(3) simultaneously under low temperature and micro-oxygen condition.Meanwhile,the effects of different modified atmosphere(air,N_(2) and NH_(3)),specific energy input(0–13 J/mL)and modification time(0–30 min)on the removal of H_(2)S and PH_(3) were investigated.Performance test results indicated that under the same reaction conditions,the adsorbent modified by NH_(3) plasma with 5 J/mL for 10 min had the best removal effect on H_(2)S and PH_(3).CO_(2) temperature-programmed desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analyzes showed that NH_(3) plasma modification could introduce amino functional groups on the surface of the adsorbent,and increase the types and number of alkaline sites on the surface.Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and scanning electron microscopy showed that NH_(3) plasma modification did not significantly change the pore size structure of the adsorbent,but more active components were evenly exposed to the surface,thus improving the adsorption performance.In addition,X-ray diffraction and XPS analysis indicated that the consumption of active components(Cu and Cu_(2)O)and the accumulation of sulfate and phosphate on the surface and inner pores of the adsorbent are the main reasons for the deactivation of the adsorbent.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11505013,11775028)Beijing Municipal Excellent Talent Training Foundation (No.2016000026833ZK12)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovational Serviceability Building Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (No.PXM2017_014223_000066)Excellent Talent Selection and Training Project of BIGC of China (No.04190117004/026)Institute level project of BIGC of China (No.Eb201502)
文摘This review describes the application of non-thermal plasma（NTP） technology for high barrier layer fabrication in packaging area.NTP technology is considered to be the most prospective approaches for the barrier layer fabrication over the past decades due to unpollution,high speed,low-costing.The applications of NTP technology have achieved numerous exciting results in high barrier packaging area.Now it seemly demands a detailed review to summarize the past works and direct the future developments.This review focuses on the different NTP resources applied in the high barrier area,the role of plasma surface modification on packaging film surface properties,and the deposition of different barrier coatings based on NTP technology.In particular,this review emphasizes the cutting-edge technologies of NTP on interlayer deposition with organic,inorganic for multilayer barriers fabrication.The future prospects of NTP technology in high barrier film areas are also described.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61675151)
文摘Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) plays an integral role in the metabolism of liver and development of the skeleton in humans. To date, the interactions between different-duration terahertz(THz) radiation and ALP activities, as well as the influence mechanism are still unclear. In this study, using the para-nitro-phenyl-phosphate(p NPP) method, we detect changes in ALP activities during 40-minute THz radiation(0.1 THz, 13 m W/cm^2). It is found that the activity of ALP decreases in the first 25 min, and subsequently increases in the later 15 min. Compared with the activity of ALP being heated, the results suggest that short-term terahertz radiation induces a decrease in enzyme activity through the non-thermal mechanism. In order to explore the non-thermal effects of THz radiation on ALP, we focus on the impacts of 0.1 THz radiation for 20 min on the activity of ALP in different concentrations. The results reveal that the activity of ALP decreases significantly after exposure to THz radiation. In addition, it could be deduced from fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis), and THz spectra results that THz radiation has induced changes in ALP structures. Our study unlocks non-thermal interactions between THz radiation and ALP, as well as suggests that THz spectroscopy is a promising technique to distinguish ALP structures.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11675095 and 52077128)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University (Grant No. 2017JC017) for supporting the research。
文摘Increasing concern with regard to food safety in the presence of pesticide residues(PRs) on the surface of agricultural products has resulted in the rapid development of practical degrading technologies for corresponding PRs. In this paper, an unconventional method of degrading pesticides, non-thermal atmospheric plasma(NTAP), was proposed to degrade the avermectin(AVM) in aqueous solution. Optical emission spectroscopy shows that NTAP, consisting of filamentary streamers, contains a variety of reactive oxygen species(ROS) that may interact with AVM. The high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-MS/MS results indicate that the efficiency of AVM degradation seriously depends on multiple operation parameters of the NTAP,including the applied voltage, treatment time and gas flow rate. The maximum degradation rate of AVM was observed to be 97.47% after 240 s exposure under NTAP with an applied voltage of 18 kV and gas flow rate of 1 l min-1. Molecular dynamics simulation based on a reactive force field for the interaction between O(ground state atomic oxygen) and AVM was performed to analyze the underpinning mechanisms. The simulation result shows the possible pathways of the NTAPgenerated O degrading AVM by destroying the glycosyl group or fracturing the ester group.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11875295 and 11535003)Provincial Science and Technology Major Project of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.17030801035)Key Program of 13th Five-year Plan,CASHIPS,China(Grant No.KP-2017-25)
文摘To obtain large-volume non-thermal arc plasma(NTAP), a multiple NTAP generator with three pairs of electrodes has been developed. The arc plasma characteristics, including dynamic process, spatial distribution, and rotation velocity in the discharge zone, were investigated by high speed photograph and image processing methods. The results showed that the dynamic behaviors and spatial distribution of the arc plasma were strongly related to the electrode configuration.A swirl flow of multi-arc plasma was formed by adjusting the electrode configuration, and a steady luminance area was clearly observed in the center of the discharge zone. Moreover, the size of the luminance area increased by decreasing the gas flow rate. The electrical connection in series could be formed between/among these arc columns with their respective driving power supplies in the multi-arc dynamic evolution process. An approximately periodical process of acceleration and deceleration of the arc rotation velocity was observed in the multi-arc generator with swirl flow configuration. In general, the mean velocity of arc rotation was higher in the multi-arc generator with swirl flow configuration when a pair of electrodes driven by a power supply were opposite to each other rather than adjacent.
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT13096)the International S&T Cooperation Program of China(No.2011DFA92660)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21276239)the Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY14E080009)the International Cooperation Program of Zhejiang province(No.2013C24003)
文摘Chlorobenzene removal was investigated in a non-thermal plasma reactor using CeO2/HZSM-5catalysts.The performance of catalysts was evaluated in terms of removal and energy efficiency.The decomposition products of chlorobenzene were analyzed.The results show that CeO2/HZSM-5 exhibited a good catalytic activity,which resulted in enhancements of chlorobenzene removal,energy efficiency,and the formation of lower amounts of by-products.With regards to CO2 selectivity,the presence of catalysts favors the oxidation of by-products,leading to a higher CO2 selectivity.With respect to ozone,which is considered as an unavoidable by-product in air plasma reactors,a noticeable decrease in its concentration was observed in the presence of catalysts.Furthermore,the stability of the catalyst was investigated by analyzing the evolution of conversion in time.The experiment results indicated that CeO2/HZSM-5 catalysts have excellent stability：chlorobenzene conversion only decreased from 78%to 60%after 75 hr,which means that the CeO2/HZSM-5 suffered a slight deactivation.Some organic compounds and chlorinated intermediates were adsorbed or deposited on the catalysts surface as shown by the results of Fourier Transform Infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy,scanning electron microscope（SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDS） analyses of the catalyst before and after the reaction,revealing the cause of catalyst deactivation.
文摘A non-thermal plasma brush is employed to deposit stain-resistant SiO2-like coatings on resin composite fillings and bovine teeth.With post-treating by plasma,the hardness of the coating increases from H to 8H and the water contact angle decreases from 98.8° to 61.7°.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show that,after plasma post-treating,the Si-O-Si and Si-OH bonds of the coating increase.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show the coatings to be uniform,without cracks.The coatings present outstanding performance in a stain resistance test both on resin composite and bovine teeth.Being easy to handle and less time consuming than traditional methods,with a body-friendly temperature and material,this plasma brush provides a promising in-situ coating method on patient teeth in dental clinics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1903100)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project Program(No.Z191100009119002)the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control(No.20210504)。
文摘Non-thermal plasma(NTP)is considered to be a promising technology for the removal of volatile organic compounds;however,its application is limited by low CO_(2) selectivity and undesirable by-products.To overcome these issues,this paper discusses the degradation of chlorobenzene(CB)in systems of NTP coupled with catalysts,and the influence of catalyst locations in the NTP was investigated.In addition,the interaction between plasma and catalyst was also explored.The results indicated that the degradability of CB was remarkably improved through the combination of NTP with catalysts,and the formation of ozone was effectively inhibited.The degradation efficiency increased from 33.9%to 79.6%at 14 kV in the NTPcatalytic system,while the ozone concentration decreased from 437 to 237 mg m^(-3),and the degradation efficiency of in plasma catalysis(IPC)systems was superior to that of the post plasma catalysis system,while the inhibition ability of ozone exhibited an opposing trend.In the IPC system,the degradation efficiency was 87.7%at 14 k V,while the ozone concentration was151 mg m^(-3).Besides,the plasma did not destroy the pore structure and crystal structure of the catalyst,but affected the surface morphology and redox performance of the catalyst.Thus,NTP coupled catalytic system could improve the degradation performance of CB.Furthermore,the plasma discharge characteristics played a major role in the NTP synergistic catalytic degradation of CB.Finally,based on the experiment analysis results,the general reaction mechanism of CB degradation in an IPC reaction system was proposed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11605159 and 11405147)Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M612412)+3 种基金the Foundation of Key Technology Research Project of Henan Province(No.182102311115)Key Discipline Construction Project of Zhengzhou University(No.32410257)Youth Innovation Project of Key Discipline of Zhengzhou University(No.XKZDQN202002)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.202300410013)。
文摘Mung bean(Vigna radiata)sprouts are widely consumed worldwide due to their high nutritional value.However,the low yield and microbial contamination of mung bean sprouts seriously reduces their economic value.This study investigates the effects of non-thermal plasma on the quality and microbial reduction of mung bean sprouts by pretreatment of seeds in water for different times(0,1,3 and 6 min).The quality results showed that short-time plasma treatment(1 and 3 min)promoted seed germination and seedling growth,whereas long-time plasma treatment(6 min)had inhibitory effects.Plasma also had a similar dose effects on the total flavonoid and phenolic contents of mung bean sprouts.The microbiological results showed that plasma treatment achieved a reduction of native microorganisms ranging from 0.54 to 7.09 log for fungi and 0.29 to 6.80 log for bacteria at 96 h incubation.Meanwhile,plasma treatment could also efficiently inactivate artificially inoculated Salmonella typhimurium(1.83–6.22 log)and yeast(0.53–3.19 log)on mung bean seeds.The results of seed coat permeability tests and scanning electron microscopy showed that plasma could damage the seed coat structure,consequently increasing the electrical conductivity of mung bean seeds.The physicochemical analysis of plasma-treated water showed that plasma generated various long-and short-lived active species[nitric oxide radicals(NO·),hydroxyl radicals(·OH),singlet oxygen(1O2),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and nitrite(NO_(2)^(-))]in water,thus the oxidizability,acidity and conductivity of plasma-treated water were all increased in a treatment timedependent manner.The result for mimicked chemical mixtures confirmed the synergistic effect of activity of H_(2)O_(2),NO_(3)^(-)and NO_(2)^(-)on bacterial inactivation and plant growth promotion.Taken together,these results imply that plasma pretreatment of mung bean seeds in water with moderate oxidizability and acidity is an effective method to improve the yield of mung bean sprouts and reduce microbial contamination.
文摘The use of radio frequency energy is an established technology for certain oncology therapies. Direct inputs of radio frequency (RF) energy as thermal energy are applied to ablate tumors or catalyze secondary reactions in adjunct treatments against certain tumor types. Yet, other applications are being developed which take advantage of properties of RFs that impinge on biological proteins and cells without thermal effects. Here we report a proof-of-concept application of specific, digitally encoded, low power (non-thermal) radio frequency energy in an in vitro preparation of a tubulin polymerization assay. The radio frequency energy signal, designated M2(3), was applied to the tubulin polymerization assay samples during spectrophotometric measurements to assess the effectiveness for enhancing tubulin polymerization. A commercially available taxane (paclitaxel) that promotes tubulin polymerization was used as a control to assess the effectiveness of the M2(3) radio frequency energy signal on tubulin polymerization rates. A low power, specific, digital radio frequency energy signal is capable of promoting tubulin polymerization as effectively as a commercially available taxane.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11035005,11475174,50876101)USTC-NSRL Association Funding(No.KY2090130001)
文摘Non-thermal C/H/Ar plasmas are widely applied to carbonaceous material production and processing.In this work,plasma parameters and gaseous species of the atmospheric non-thermal C/H/Ar plasmas produced by an atmospheric-pressure DC arc discharge generator in CH_4/Ar were investigated.The voltage-current characteristics were measured for different CH_4/Ar ratios.Optical emission spectroscopy was employed to analyze the electron excitation temperature,gas temperature and electron density under various discharge conditions.The hydrocarbon molecules produced in the CH4/Ar plasmas were detected with photoionization mass spectrometry.The optical spectral results demonstrated that the electron excitation temperature was 0.4-1 eV,the gas temperature was 2800-4200 K and the electron density was in the range of（5-20）×10^15 cm^-3.The mass spectrum indicated that a variety of unsaturated hydrocarbons（C2H4,C3H6,C6H6,etc.） and several highly unsaturated hydrocarbons（C4H2,C5H6,etc.） were produced in the non-thermal arc plasmas.
