In order to maximize the lethality and reversibility of the non-lethal laser weapons(NLLW) at the same time and thus provide a theoretical basis for the R&D of laser weapons in the future,this paper accurately ana...In order to maximize the lethality and reversibility of the non-lethal laser weapons(NLLW) at the same time and thus provide a theoretical basis for the R&D of laser weapons in the future,this paper accurately analyzed the limiting biological dose of irreversible damage to human skin caused by the NLLW.Firstly,based on the burn theory in medicine and the actual tactical background,this paper redefines the evaluation criteria of the limiting laser dose of NLLW to the human body.Secondly,on the basis of anatomical knowledge,a 5-layer finite element model(FEM) of superficial skin is proposed,constructed and verified,which can accurately describe the limiting reversible damage.Based on the optimized Pennes bioheat transfer equation,the diffusion approximation theory,the modified Beer-Lambert law,the Arrhenius equation,and combined with dynamic thermophysical parameters,this paper highly restored the temperature distribution and accurately solved the necrotic tissue distribution inside the human skin irradiated by 1064 nm laser.Finally,it is concluded that the maximum human dose of the1064 nm NLLW is 8.93 J/cm^(2),8.29J/cm^(2),and 8.17 J/cm^(2) when the light spots are 5 mm,10 mm and15 mm,respectively,and the corresponding output power of the weapon is 46.74 W,173.72 W and384.77 W.Simultaneously,the temperature and damage distribution in the tissue at the time of ultimate damage are discussed from the axial and radial dimensions,respectively.The conclusions and analysis methods proposed in this paper are of great guiding significance for future research in military,medical and many other related fields.展开更多
Objective: To study the mechanism of T-cell activation induced by non-lethal complement attack and the role of CD59 in this process. Methods: Human CD59 and its transmentbrane counterpart CD59TM cDNA were transfected ...Objective: To study the mechanism of T-cell activation induced by non-lethal complement attack and the role of CD59 in this process. Methods: Human CD59 and its transmentbrane counterpart CD59TM cDNA were transfected into murine thymoma EL-4 cells. Activation and proliferation of EL-4 transfectants were observed with MIT assay. Results:Both CD59 and CD59 TM cDNA expressed on EL-4 cells effectively inhibited complement-mediated membrane damage. Cross-linking of CD59 with antibody induced activation of CD59/EL-4 cells but not CDS9TM/EL-4 cells. This effect was inhibited by Herbimycin A. a special protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor. Non-lethal complement attack induced CD59/EL-4 but not CD59TMIEL-4 cell to proliferate, and this reaction was not blocked by Herbimycin A. Conclusion: CD59 takes part in T cell activation induced by non-lethal complement attack. The mechanisms of T cell activation induced by non-lethal complement attack arc different from those by cross-linking of CD59.展开更多
文摘In order to maximize the lethality and reversibility of the non-lethal laser weapons(NLLW) at the same time and thus provide a theoretical basis for the R&D of laser weapons in the future,this paper accurately analyzed the limiting biological dose of irreversible damage to human skin caused by the NLLW.Firstly,based on the burn theory in medicine and the actual tactical background,this paper redefines the evaluation criteria of the limiting laser dose of NLLW to the human body.Secondly,on the basis of anatomical knowledge,a 5-layer finite element model(FEM) of superficial skin is proposed,constructed and verified,which can accurately describe the limiting reversible damage.Based on the optimized Pennes bioheat transfer equation,the diffusion approximation theory,the modified Beer-Lambert law,the Arrhenius equation,and combined with dynamic thermophysical parameters,this paper highly restored the temperature distribution and accurately solved the necrotic tissue distribution inside the human skin irradiated by 1064 nm laser.Finally,it is concluded that the maximum human dose of the1064 nm NLLW is 8.93 J/cm^(2),8.29J/cm^(2),and 8.17 J/cm^(2) when the light spots are 5 mm,10 mm and15 mm,respectively,and the corresponding output power of the weapon is 46.74 W,173.72 W and384.77 W.Simultaneously,the temperature and damage distribution in the tissue at the time of ultimate damage are discussed from the axial and radial dimensions,respectively.The conclusions and analysis methods proposed in this paper are of great guiding significance for future research in military,medical and many other related fields.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No, 39630296 )
文摘Objective: To study the mechanism of T-cell activation induced by non-lethal complement attack and the role of CD59 in this process. Methods: Human CD59 and its transmentbrane counterpart CD59TM cDNA were transfected into murine thymoma EL-4 cells. Activation and proliferation of EL-4 transfectants were observed with MIT assay. Results:Both CD59 and CD59 TM cDNA expressed on EL-4 cells effectively inhibited complement-mediated membrane damage. Cross-linking of CD59 with antibody induced activation of CD59/EL-4 cells but not CDS9TM/EL-4 cells. This effect was inhibited by Herbimycin A. a special protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor. Non-lethal complement attack induced CD59/EL-4 but not CD59TMIEL-4 cell to proliferate, and this reaction was not blocked by Herbimycin A. Conclusion: CD59 takes part in T cell activation induced by non-lethal complement attack. The mechanisms of T cell activation induced by non-lethal complement attack arc different from those by cross-linking of CD59.
