Cis-regulatory elements regulate gene expression and play an essential role in the development and physiology of organisms.Many conserved non-coding sequences(CNSs)function as cis-regulatory elements.They control the ...Cis-regulatory elements regulate gene expression and play an essential role in the development and physiology of organisms.Many conserved non-coding sequences(CNSs)function as cis-regulatory elements.They control the development of various lineages.How-ever,predicting clade-wide cis-regulatory elements across several closely related species remains challenging.Based on the relationship between CNSs and cis-regulatory elements,we present a computational approach that predicts the clade-wide putative cis-regulatory elements in 12 Cucurbitaceae genomes.Using 12-way whole-genome alignment,we first obtained 632112 CNSs in Cucurbitaceae.Next,we identified 16552 Cucurbitaceae-wide cis-regulatory elements based on collinearity among all 12 Cucurbitaceae plants.Furthermore,we predicted 3271 potential regulatory pairs in the cucumber genome,of which 98 were verified using integrative RNA sequencing and ChIP sequencing datasets from samples collected during various fruit development stages.The CNSs,Cucurbitaceae-wide cis-regulatory elements,and their target genes are accessible at http://cmb.bnu.edu.cn/cisRCNEs_cucurbit/.These elements are valuable resources for functionally annotating CNSs and their regulatory roles in Cucurbitaceae genomes.展开更多
Conserved non-coding sequences(CNSs)are integral elements of transcriptional regulation.Transcriptional tuning of PLETHORA(PLT)genes that encode master regulators of plant development is vital for embryogenesis and me...Conserved non-coding sequences(CNSs)are integral elements of transcriptional regulation.Transcriptional tuning of PLETHORA(PLT)genes that encode master regulators of plant development is vital for embryogenesis and meristematic function.However,how the expression of PLT genes is modulated through CNSs remains unclear.Through motif-based mining of upstream sequences in 120 angiosperm ge-nomes,we identified 21 conserved and lineage-specific CNSs,two of which are unusually long,similar,and colinear within eudicots.Using Arabidopsis thaliana,we demonstrate that these two deeply conserved elements,which we named BOX1 and BOX2,control PLT1 and PLT2 expression.CRISPR mutants within these elements specifically reduced PLT expression levels,and reporter lines revealed that deletion of either or both BOXes altered and/or abrogated the PLT2 expression pattern in the root tip,affecting the abil-ity to rescue the plt1 plt2 double mutant.We further show that the influence of these elements on expres-sion patterns is already exerted during embryogenesis and functional in the context of the early embryo.Finally,we reveal the existence of a BOX-mediated autoregulatory feedback loop that,in large part,explains CNS influence on expression patterns.Wethus uncover a transcriptional mechanism by which genes encoding master regulators of embryo and root meristem development are regulated.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathologica...Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.展开更多
Anther is a key male reproductive organ that is essential for the plant life cycle,from the sporophyte to the gametophyte generation.To explore the isoform-level transcriptional landscape of developing anthers in maiz...Anther is a key male reproductive organ that is essential for the plant life cycle,from the sporophyte to the gametophyte generation.To explore the isoform-level transcriptional landscape of developing anthers in maize(Zea mays L.),we analyzed Iso-Seq data from anthers collected at 10 developmental stages,together with strand-specific RNA-seq,CAGE-seq,and PAS-seq data.Of the 152,026 high-confidence full-length isoforms identified,68.8%have not been described;these include 22,365 isoforms that originate from previously unannotated loci and 82,167 novel isoforms that originate from annotated protein-coding genes.Using our newly developed strategy to detect dynamic expression patterns of isoforms,we identify 13,899 differentially variable regions(DVRs);surprisingly,1275 genes contain more than two DVRs,revealing highly efficient utilization of limited genic regions.We identify 7876 long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)from 4098 loci,most of which were preferentially expressed during cell differentiation and meiosis.We also detected 371 long-range interactions involving intergenic lncRNAs(lincRNAs);interestingly,243 were lincRNA-gene ones,and the interacting genes were highly expressed in anthers,suggesting that many potential lncRNA regulators of key genes are required for anther development.This study provides valuable resources and fundamental information for studying the essential transcripts of key genes during anther development.展开更多
Genomic destabilization and defective DNA repair are the most prominent features of tumour cells and are exploited by various chemotherapy drugs for cancer therapy.Long non-coding RNA(lncR-NAs)have emerged as powerful...Genomic destabilization and defective DNA repair are the most prominent features of tumour cells and are exploited by various chemotherapy drugs for cancer therapy.Long non-coding RNA(lncR-NAs)have emerged as powerful regulators of gene expression and are thus involved in diverse biological processes.Recent studies have demonstrated that several lncRNAs play critical roles in DNA repair.Nonetheless,the relationship between DNA damage-responsive lncRNAs and chemoresistance remains poorly defined.In this study,we established four different DNA damage models triggered by cisplatin(DDP),H2O2,neocarzinostatin(NCS)or ultraviolet(UV)irradiation and identified a specific upregu-lated lncRNA(lnc-DUSP6)involved in the cisplatin-induced DNA damage response.Furthermore,loss-or gain-of-function experiments confirmed that lnc-DUSP6 enhanced DNA repair and cell survival under cisplatin treatment,thus promoting cisplatin resistance.Mechanistically,an RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)assay revealed that lnc-DUSP6 directly interacts with DUSP6(Dual Specificity Phosphatase 6),which is closely associated with cisplatin sensitivity.Additionally,overexpression of DUSP6 significantly rescued the effects of lnc-DUSP6 silencing on DNA repair and cell survival under cisplatin treatment.O-verall,our results show the effect and underlying mechanism of lnc-DUSP6 in cisplatin resistance:lnc-DUSP6 promotes cisplatin-induced DNA damage repair and cisplatin resistance by stabilizing DUSP6,which is highly clinically important for enhancing the efficacy of cisplatin for cancers.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)has high morbidity and mortality worldwide.Due to the absence of noticeable symptoms,diagnosing GC at an early stage is very difficult,which consequently leads to advanced GC and poor prognosis.Effec...Gastric cancer(GC)has high morbidity and mortality worldwide.Due to the absence of noticeable symptoms,diagnosing GC at an early stage is very difficult,which consequently leads to advanced GC and poor prognosis.Effective biomarkers are essential for prolonging patients’survival.Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection represents the most significant risk factor for GC,with nearly all cases linked to this infection.Many non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are dysregulated in H.pylori-infected GC,indicating that ncRNAs may serve as biomarkers of early-stage GC.In this editorial,we discuss the study by Chen et al.Although previous studies have identified roles for miR-136 in gastric cancer proliferation,apoptosis,and invasion,none have specifically explored its relationship with H.pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis.展开更多
A large body of evidence has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation.This evidence has led to increasing speculation that non-coding RNAs may be involved in the pathophysiolog...A large body of evidence has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation.This evidence has led to increasing speculation that non-coding RNAs may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hydrocephalus,one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide.In this review,we first outline the basic concepts and incidence of hydrocephalus along with the limitations of existing treatments for this condition.Then,we outline the definition,classification,and biological role of non-coding RNAs.Subsequently,we analyze the roles of non-coding RNAs in the formation of hydrocephalus in detail.Specifically,we have focused on the potential significance of non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus,including glymphatic pathways,neuroinflammatory processes,and neurological dysplasia,on the basis of the existing evidence.Lastly,we review the potential of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of hydrocephalus and for the creation of innovative treatments.展开更多
Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the reg...Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the regulatory mechanisms governing flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits.Phytohormones are involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.The abscisic acid,ethylene,jasmonic acid,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids promote flavonoid biosynthesis,while auxin negatively regulates flavonoid biosynthesis.Subsequently,transcription factors from the MYB,bHLH,WRKY,NAC,and bZIP families are pivotal in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis.In addition,non-coding RNAs(microRNA and lncRNA)also participate in the regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis.MicroRNAs are generally believed to negatively regulate flavonoid metabolism in fruits,while lncRNAs have the opposite effect.Furthermore,the interactions between plant hormones,transcription factors,and non-coding RNAs in fruit flavonoid biosynthesis were analyzed.Ultimately,a foundational regulatory network for fruit flavonoid biosynthesis was hereby established.展开更多
In this study,we introduce the sequence space l^(μ)(p,Δ^(m)) with a fractional order μ.Furthermore,we give some topological properties of this space.Also we introduce α-,β-,andγ-duals of l^(μ)(p,Δ^(m)) and its...In this study,we introduce the sequence space l^(μ)(p,Δ^(m)) with a fractional order μ.Furthermore,we give some topological properties of this space.Also we introduce α-,β-,andγ-duals of l^(μ)(p,Δ^(m)) and its some matrix mappings.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and cancer progression,yet the functi...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and cancer progression,yet the functional diversity of RP11-derived lncRNAs—originally mapped to bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC)clones from the Roswell Park Cancer Institute—has only recently begun to be appreciated.This mini-review aims to systematically synthesize current findings on RP11-derived lncRNAs in HCC,outlining their genomic origins,molecular mechanisms,and biological significance.We highlight their roles in metabolic reprogramming,microRNA network modulation,and tumor progression,as well as their diagnostic and prognostic value in tissue and serum-based analyses.Finally,we discuss therapeutic opportunities and propose future directions to translate RP11-derived lncRNAs into clinically actionable biomarkers and targets for precision liver cancer therapy.展开更多
As an important resource in data link,time slots should be strategically allocated to enhance transmission efficiency and resist eavesdropping,especially considering the tremendous increase in the number of nodes and ...As an important resource in data link,time slots should be strategically allocated to enhance transmission efficiency and resist eavesdropping,especially considering the tremendous increase in the number of nodes and diverse communication needs.It is crucial to design control sequences with robust randomness and conflict-freeness to properly address differentiated access control in data link.In this paper,we propose a hierarchical access control scheme based on control sequences to achieve high utilization of time slots and differentiated access control.A theoretical bound of the hierarchical control sequence set is derived to characterize the constraints on the parameters of the sequence set.Moreover,two classes of optimal hierarchical control sequence sets satisfying the theoretical bound are constructed,both of which enable the scheme to achieve maximum utilization of time slots.Compared with the fixed time slot allocation scheme,our scheme reduces the symbol error rate by up to 9%,which indicates a significant improvement in anti-interference and eavesdropping capabilities.展开更多
In this paper,we offer a new construction of Stefan’s homological spectral sequence for Hopf Galois extensions,by using the double complex argument.Under the faithfully flat condition,a method for computation of Hoch...In this paper,we offer a new construction of Stefan’s homological spectral sequence for Hopf Galois extensions,by using the double complex argument.Under the faithfully flat condition,a method for computation of Hochschild homology is given.展开更多
The Ordos Basin is a large superimposed hydrocarbon-bearing basin in China,and further research on the sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary evolution of the sequence framework of target layers is of great theor...The Ordos Basin is a large superimposed hydrocarbon-bearing basin in China,and further research on the sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary evolution of the sequence framework of target layers is of great theoretical and practical significance for guiding oil and gas exploration.The sedimentary facies and sedimentary evolution of the high-resolution sequence framework of the Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation in the Hangjinqi area have been systematically analyzed for the first time by drilling,logging and seismic data.The results show that four types of sequence interfaces can be identified in the Taiyuan Formation:regional unconformity surfaces,scour surfaces,lithologic-lithofacies transformation surfaces and flooding surfaces.According to the sedimentary response caused by the upward and downward movements of the base level at different levels,the Taiyuan Formation can be divided into 2 long-term cycles(LSC_(1)-LSC_(2)),4 mid-term cycles(MSC_(1)-MSC4)and 7 short-term cycles(SSC_(1)-SSC7).The long-and mid-term cycles correspond to members T_(1)and T_(2)and layers T_(1)-1,T_(1-2),T_(2-1),and T_(2)-2,respectively.Long-term cycles are dominated by C_(1);mid-term cycles are dominated by C_(1)and C_(2),followed by A2;and short-term cycles are dominated by C_(1),C_(2),A1 and A2.Under the high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework,the Hangjinqi area underwent a transformation of fan delta and tidal flat depositional systems during the Taiyuan Formation sedimentary period.In the MSC_(1)-MSC_(2)stage,owing to a large-scale paleocontinent,the fan delta sedimentary body,which was limited in scale and scope,developed only in the southeastern corner and gradually transitioned basinward to tidal flat facies.In the MSC3-MSC4 stage,as the paleocontinent continuously decreased and the sedimentary range expanded,fan-delta plain sedimentation began in the study area.Several braided distributary channels with poor connectivity developed on the fan-delta plain,and between them were floodplains and peat swamps.展开更多
The Fujian oyster(Crassostrea angulata) is an economically significant shellfish species distributed mainly along the Fujian coast, Southeast China. However, its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear. The mai...The Fujian oyster(Crassostrea angulata) is an economically significant shellfish species distributed mainly along the Fujian coast, Southeast China. However, its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear. The main distribution area of the C. angulata is located in Fujian, South China. In total, 420 C. angulata were collected from 14 natural habitats(populations) along the Fujian coast, and their genetic diversity and structure were analyzed in the mitochondrial COI and nuclear gene ITS2 sequences. Results reveal that all the 14 populations of C. angulata exhibited high levels of genetic diversity, with a total of 57(haplotype diversity: 0.811±0.016) and 124(haplotype diversity: 0.912±0.007) haplotypes revealed by COI and ITS2, respectively. Notably, significant intermediate level of genetic differentiations between the Ningde Zhujiang(ZJ) population(FS T by COI: 0.035–0.142, P<0.05;FS T by ITS2: 0.078–0.123, P<0.05) with other populations were observed for the first time, which is also supported by the results of molecular variance analysis(FC T by COI: 0.105, P<0.05;FC T by ITS2: 0.086, P<0.05) and the clustering of the ZJ population into distinct branches in the interpopulation genetic differentiation tree. Furthermore, the evolutionary tree and haplotype network analyses do not support the formation of a clear geographical genealogical structure among these 14 populations. In addition, the population dynamics analysis suggests that the C. angulata may have undergone expansion during the third ice age of the Pleistocene. These results provide a reference for the preservation and further genetic improvement of C. angulata.展开更多
Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to thei...Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to their small gyromagnetic ratios.A promising approach to achieving high nuclear spin polarization is transferring the polarization of electrons to nuclear spins.The nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center in diamond has emerged as a highly effective medium for this purpose,and various hyperpolarization protocols have been developed.Among these,the pulsed polarization(PulsePol)method has been extensively studied due to its robustness against static energy shifts of the electron spin.In this work,we present a novel polarization protocol and uncover a family of magic sequences for hyperpolarizing nuclear spins,with PulsePol emerging as a special case of our general approach.Notably,we demonstrate that some of these magic sequences exhibit significantly greater robustness compared to the PulsePol protocol in the presence of finite half𝜋pulse duration of the protocol,Rabi and detuning errors.This enhanced robustness positions our protocol as a more suitable candidate for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins species with large gyromagnetic ratios and also ensures better compatibility with high-efficiency readout techniques at high magnetic fields.Additionally,the generality of our protocol allows for its direct application to other solid-state quantum systems beyond the NV center.展开更多
We develop and implement a Stochastic Discrete Event Simulation(SDES)algorithm to model the housing re-covery trajectory after an extreme event.The algorithm models discrete events and their underlying uncertainties i...We develop and implement a Stochastic Discrete Event Simulation(SDES)algorithm to model the housing re-covery trajectory after an extreme event.The algorithm models discrete events and their underlying uncertainties in each construction phase.Specifically,the algorithm is developed for the Government Assisted Owner Driven(GAOD)reconstruction system to simulate long-term recovery trajectory.SDES,as a flexible modeling approach,can simulate any housing recovery scenario that follows phased reconstruction.The 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha earthquake sequence in Nepal is considered the extreme event,with 796,245 buildings requiring reconstruction.We present some recovery trajectories from severely hit,crisis hit,and earthquake hit parishes,comparing them with the actual reconstruction progress.We also assess quality and improvement of reconstructed buildings using seismic fragility functions,compared to pre-earthquake constructions.Housing recovery uncertainties are dissected in relation to reconstruction pace.We conclude that the vast majority of the reconstructed buildings followed the Build Back Better(BBB)approach and missed the opportunity to pursue the Build Back Resilient(BBR)approach due to multifaceted challenges ranging from unclear policies to economic constraints.We critically assess the GAOD vs Owner Driven(OD)recovery framework and conclude that insurance-supported and technically assisted OD approach could be the most suitable model for post extreme event housing recovery.展开更多
KaKs_Calculator 3.0 is an updated toolkit that is capable of calculating selective pressure on both coding and non-coding sequences.Similar to the nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio for coding sequences,...KaKs_Calculator 3.0 is an updated toolkit that is capable of calculating selective pressure on both coding and non-coding sequences.Similar to the nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio for coding sequences,selection on non-coding sequences can be quantified as the ratio of non-coding nucleotide substitution rate to synonymous substitution rate of adjacent coding sequences.As testified on empirical data,KaKs_Calculator 3.0 shows effectiveness to detect the strength and mode of selection operated on molecular sequences,accordingly demonstrating its great potential to achieve genome-wide scan of natural selection on diverse sequences and identification of potentially functional elements at a whole-genome scale.The package of KaKs_Calculator 3.0 is freely available for academic use only at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tools/BT000001.展开更多
A detailed understanding of genetic architecture of mRNA expression by millions of genetic variants is important for studying quantitative trait variation. In this study, we identified 1.25M SNPs with a minor allele f...A detailed understanding of genetic architecture of mRNA expression by millions of genetic variants is important for studying quantitative trait variation. In this study, we identified 1.25M SNPs with a minor allele frequency greater than 0.05 by combining reduced genome sequencing （GBS）, high- density array technologies （600K）, and previous deep RNA-sequencing data from 368 diverse inbred lines of maize. The balanced allelic frequencies and distributions in a relatively large and diverse natural panel helped to identify expression quantitative trait loci （eQTLs） associated with more than 18 000 genes （63.4% of tested genes）. We found that distant eQTLs were more frequent （~75% of all eQTLs） across the whole genome. Thirteen novel associated loci affecting maize kernel oil concentration were identified using the new dataset, among which one intergenic locus affected the kernel oil variation by controlling expression of three other known oil-related genes. Altogether, this study provides resources for expanding our understanding of cellular regulatory mechanisms of transcriptome variation and the landscape of functional variants within the maize genome, thereby enhancing the understanding of quantitative variations.展开更多
In a recent decade, many DNA sequencing projects are developed on cells, plants and animals over the world into huge DNA databases. Researchers notice that mammalian genomes encoding thousands of large noncoding RNAs ...In a recent decade, many DNA sequencing projects are developed on cells, plants and animals over the world into huge DNA databases. Researchers notice that mammalian genomes encoding thousands of large noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), interact with chromatin regulatory complexes, and are thought to play a role in localizing these complexes to target loci across the genome. It is a challenge target using higher dimensional tools to organize various complex interactive properties as visual maps. In this paper, a Pseudo DNA Variant MapPDVM is proposed following Cellular Automata to represent multiple maps that use four Meta symbols as well as DNA or RNA representations. The system architecture of key components and the core mechanism on the PDVM are described. Key modules, equations and their I/O parameters are discussed. Applying the PDVM, two sets of real DNA sequences from both the sample human (noncoding DNA) and corn (coding DNA) genomes are collected in comparison with two sets of pseudo DNA sequences generated by a stream cipher HC-256 under different modes to show their intrinsic properties in higher levels of similar relationships among relevant DNA sequences on 2D maps. Sample 2D maps are listed and their characteristics are illustrated under a controllable environment. Various distributions can be observed on both noncoding and coding conditions from their symmetric properties on 2D maps.展开更多
Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic ...Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:31571361).
文摘Cis-regulatory elements regulate gene expression and play an essential role in the development and physiology of organisms.Many conserved non-coding sequences(CNSs)function as cis-regulatory elements.They control the development of various lineages.How-ever,predicting clade-wide cis-regulatory elements across several closely related species remains challenging.Based on the relationship between CNSs and cis-regulatory elements,we present a computational approach that predicts the clade-wide putative cis-regulatory elements in 12 Cucurbitaceae genomes.Using 12-way whole-genome alignment,we first obtained 632112 CNSs in Cucurbitaceae.Next,we identified 16552 Cucurbitaceae-wide cis-regulatory elements based on collinearity among all 12 Cucurbitaceae plants.Furthermore,we predicted 3271 potential regulatory pairs in the cucumber genome,of which 98 were verified using integrative RNA sequencing and ChIP sequencing datasets from samples collected during various fruit development stages.The CNSs,Cucurbitaceae-wide cis-regulatory elements,and their target genes are accessible at http://cmb.bnu.edu.cn/cisRCNEs_cucurbit/.These elements are valuable resources for functionally annotating CNSs and their regulatory roles in Cucurbitaceae genomes.
基金funded by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek(GSGT.2019.019 to M.K.)supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy(Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231).
文摘Conserved non-coding sequences(CNSs)are integral elements of transcriptional regulation.Transcriptional tuning of PLETHORA(PLT)genes that encode master regulators of plant development is vital for embryogenesis and meristematic function.However,how the expression of PLT genes is modulated through CNSs remains unclear.Through motif-based mining of upstream sequences in 120 angiosperm ge-nomes,we identified 21 conserved and lineage-specific CNSs,two of which are unusually long,similar,and colinear within eudicots.Using Arabidopsis thaliana,we demonstrate that these two deeply conserved elements,which we named BOX1 and BOX2,control PLT1 and PLT2 expression.CRISPR mutants within these elements specifically reduced PLT expression levels,and reporter lines revealed that deletion of either or both BOXes altered and/or abrogated the PLT2 expression pattern in the root tip,affecting the abil-ity to rescue the plt1 plt2 double mutant.We further show that the influence of these elements on expres-sion patterns is already exerted during embryogenesis and functional in the context of the early embryo.Finally,we reveal the existence of a BOX-mediated autoregulatory feedback loop that,in large part,explains CNS influence on expression patterns.Wethus uncover a transcriptional mechanism by which genes encoding master regulators of embryo and root meristem development are regulated.
文摘Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.
基金supported by the Excellent Young Scientists Fund(Category B)(32422063)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003500)the Zhengzhou University Qiushi Postdoctoral Research Funding Program.For open access,the authors have applied for a Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY)license for any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
文摘Anther is a key male reproductive organ that is essential for the plant life cycle,from the sporophyte to the gametophyte generation.To explore the isoform-level transcriptional landscape of developing anthers in maize(Zea mays L.),we analyzed Iso-Seq data from anthers collected at 10 developmental stages,together with strand-specific RNA-seq,CAGE-seq,and PAS-seq data.Of the 152,026 high-confidence full-length isoforms identified,68.8%have not been described;these include 22,365 isoforms that originate from previously unannotated loci and 82,167 novel isoforms that originate from annotated protein-coding genes.Using our newly developed strategy to detect dynamic expression patterns of isoforms,we identify 13,899 differentially variable regions(DVRs);surprisingly,1275 genes contain more than two DVRs,revealing highly efficient utilization of limited genic regions.We identify 7876 long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)from 4098 loci,most of which were preferentially expressed during cell differentiation and meiosis.We also detected 371 long-range interactions involving intergenic lncRNAs(lincRNAs);interestingly,243 were lincRNA-gene ones,and the interacting genes were highly expressed in anthers,suggesting that many potential lncRNA regulators of key genes are required for anther development.This study provides valuable resources and fundamental information for studying the essential transcripts of key genes during anther development.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071571)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021A1515010601)+3 种基金Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation-Dongguan Joint Fund(No.2024A1515140121)the“Climbing”Program of Guangdong Province(No.pdjh2021b0226)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program for College Students(No.GDMU2022038,202310571038,ZZDC002,S202510571041)Guangdong Medical University Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Base Project(No.JDXM2024039,JDXM2025046)。
文摘Genomic destabilization and defective DNA repair are the most prominent features of tumour cells and are exploited by various chemotherapy drugs for cancer therapy.Long non-coding RNA(lncR-NAs)have emerged as powerful regulators of gene expression and are thus involved in diverse biological processes.Recent studies have demonstrated that several lncRNAs play critical roles in DNA repair.Nonetheless,the relationship between DNA damage-responsive lncRNAs and chemoresistance remains poorly defined.In this study,we established four different DNA damage models triggered by cisplatin(DDP),H2O2,neocarzinostatin(NCS)or ultraviolet(UV)irradiation and identified a specific upregu-lated lncRNA(lnc-DUSP6)involved in the cisplatin-induced DNA damage response.Furthermore,loss-or gain-of-function experiments confirmed that lnc-DUSP6 enhanced DNA repair and cell survival under cisplatin treatment,thus promoting cisplatin resistance.Mechanistically,an RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP)assay revealed that lnc-DUSP6 directly interacts with DUSP6(Dual Specificity Phosphatase 6),which is closely associated with cisplatin sensitivity.Additionally,overexpression of DUSP6 significantly rescued the effects of lnc-DUSP6 silencing on DNA repair and cell survival under cisplatin treatment.O-verall,our results show the effect and underlying mechanism of lnc-DUSP6 in cisplatin resistance:lnc-DUSP6 promotes cisplatin-induced DNA damage repair and cisplatin resistance by stabilizing DUSP6,which is highly clinically important for enhancing the efficacy of cisplatin for cancers.
基金Supported by The Joint Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.LKLY25H160002.
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)has high morbidity and mortality worldwide.Due to the absence of noticeable symptoms,diagnosing GC at an early stage is very difficult,which consequently leads to advanced GC and poor prognosis.Effective biomarkers are essential for prolonging patients’survival.Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection represents the most significant risk factor for GC,with nearly all cases linked to this infection.Many non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)are dysregulated in H.pylori-infected GC,indicating that ncRNAs may serve as biomarkers of early-stage GC.In this editorial,we discuss the study by Chen et al.Although previous studies have identified roles for miR-136 in gastric cancer proliferation,apoptosis,and invasion,none have specifically explored its relationship with H.pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171347,82371362the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2022JJ30971the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission of China,No.202204040024(all to GX).
文摘A large body of evidence has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation.This evidence has led to increasing speculation that non-coding RNAs may be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hydrocephalus,one of the most common neurological conditions worldwide.In this review,we first outline the basic concepts and incidence of hydrocephalus along with the limitations of existing treatments for this condition.Then,we outline the definition,classification,and biological role of non-coding RNAs.Subsequently,we analyze the roles of non-coding RNAs in the formation of hydrocephalus in detail.Specifically,we have focused on the potential significance of non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus,including glymphatic pathways,neuroinflammatory processes,and neurological dysplasia,on the basis of the existing evidence.Lastly,we review the potential of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of hydrocephalus and for the creation of innovative treatments.
基金supported by the China Agricultural Research System(Grant No.CARS-09)the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Project(Grant No.YDZX2023029)the Gansu Planning Projects on Science and Technology(Grant No.23CXNJ0013).
文摘Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the regulatory mechanisms governing flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits.Phytohormones are involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.The abscisic acid,ethylene,jasmonic acid,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids promote flavonoid biosynthesis,while auxin negatively regulates flavonoid biosynthesis.Subsequently,transcription factors from the MYB,bHLH,WRKY,NAC,and bZIP families are pivotal in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis.In addition,non-coding RNAs(microRNA and lncRNA)also participate in the regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis.MicroRNAs are generally believed to negatively regulate flavonoid metabolism in fruits,while lncRNAs have the opposite effect.Furthermore,the interactions between plant hormones,transcription factors,and non-coding RNAs in fruit flavonoid biosynthesis were analyzed.Ultimately,a foundational regulatory network for fruit flavonoid biosynthesis was hereby established.
文摘In this study,we introduce the sequence space l^(μ)(p,Δ^(m)) with a fractional order μ.Furthermore,we give some topological properties of this space.Also we introduce α-,β-,andγ-duals of l^(μ)(p,Δ^(m)) and its some matrix mappings.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT),Republic of Korea(grant numbers:RS-2022-NR070489 and RS-2023-00210847)the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare,Republic of Korea(grant number HR21C1003).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and cancer progression,yet the functional diversity of RP11-derived lncRNAs—originally mapped to bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC)clones from the Roswell Park Cancer Institute—has only recently begun to be appreciated.This mini-review aims to systematically synthesize current findings on RP11-derived lncRNAs in HCC,outlining their genomic origins,molecular mechanisms,and biological significance.We highlight their roles in metabolic reprogramming,microRNA network modulation,and tumor progression,as well as their diagnostic and prognostic value in tissue and serum-based analyses.Finally,we discuss therapeutic opportunities and propose future directions to translate RP11-derived lncRNAs into clinically actionable biomarkers and targets for precision liver cancer therapy.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.62171387)the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province(No.2024NSFSC0468)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M663475).
文摘As an important resource in data link,time slots should be strategically allocated to enhance transmission efficiency and resist eavesdropping,especially considering the tremendous increase in the number of nodes and diverse communication needs.It is crucial to design control sequences with robust randomness and conflict-freeness to properly address differentiated access control in data link.In this paper,we propose a hierarchical access control scheme based on control sequences to achieve high utilization of time slots and differentiated access control.A theoretical bound of the hierarchical control sequence set is derived to characterize the constraints on the parameters of the sequence set.Moreover,two classes of optimal hierarchical control sequence sets satisfying the theoretical bound are constructed,both of which enable the scheme to achieve maximum utilization of time slots.Compared with the fixed time slot allocation scheme,our scheme reduces the symbol error rate by up to 9%,which indicates a significant improvement in anti-interference and eavesdropping capabilities.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971418).
文摘In this paper,we offer a new construction of Stefan’s homological spectral sequence for Hopf Galois extensions,by using the double complex argument.Under the faithfully flat condition,a method for computation of Hochschild homology is given.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Liaoning Universities(Grant No.LJ202410166012).
文摘The Ordos Basin is a large superimposed hydrocarbon-bearing basin in China,and further research on the sedimentary characteristics and sedimentary evolution of the sequence framework of target layers is of great theoretical and practical significance for guiding oil and gas exploration.The sedimentary facies and sedimentary evolution of the high-resolution sequence framework of the Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation in the Hangjinqi area have been systematically analyzed for the first time by drilling,logging and seismic data.The results show that four types of sequence interfaces can be identified in the Taiyuan Formation:regional unconformity surfaces,scour surfaces,lithologic-lithofacies transformation surfaces and flooding surfaces.According to the sedimentary response caused by the upward and downward movements of the base level at different levels,the Taiyuan Formation can be divided into 2 long-term cycles(LSC_(1)-LSC_(2)),4 mid-term cycles(MSC_(1)-MSC4)and 7 short-term cycles(SSC_(1)-SSC7).The long-and mid-term cycles correspond to members T_(1)and T_(2)and layers T_(1)-1,T_(1-2),T_(2-1),and T_(2)-2,respectively.Long-term cycles are dominated by C_(1);mid-term cycles are dominated by C_(1)and C_(2),followed by A2;and short-term cycles are dominated by C_(1),C_(2),A1 and A2.Under the high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework,the Hangjinqi area underwent a transformation of fan delta and tidal flat depositional systems during the Taiyuan Formation sedimentary period.In the MSC_(1)-MSC_(2)stage,owing to a large-scale paleocontinent,the fan delta sedimentary body,which was limited in scale and scope,developed only in the southeastern corner and gradually transitioned basinward to tidal flat facies.In the MSC3-MSC4 stage,as the paleocontinent continuously decreased and the sedimentary range expanded,fan-delta plain sedimentation began in the study area.Several braided distributary channels with poor connectivity developed on the fan-delta plain,and between them were floodplains and peat swamps.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172979)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J05159)the 2023 Special Program for Promoting High-Quality Development of Marine and Fishery Industry in Fujian Province(No.PJHYF-L-2023-2)。
文摘The Fujian oyster(Crassostrea angulata) is an economically significant shellfish species distributed mainly along the Fujian coast, Southeast China. However, its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear. The main distribution area of the C. angulata is located in Fujian, South China. In total, 420 C. angulata were collected from 14 natural habitats(populations) along the Fujian coast, and their genetic diversity and structure were analyzed in the mitochondrial COI and nuclear gene ITS2 sequences. Results reveal that all the 14 populations of C. angulata exhibited high levels of genetic diversity, with a total of 57(haplotype diversity: 0.811±0.016) and 124(haplotype diversity: 0.912±0.007) haplotypes revealed by COI and ITS2, respectively. Notably, significant intermediate level of genetic differentiations between the Ningde Zhujiang(ZJ) population(FS T by COI: 0.035–0.142, P<0.05;FS T by ITS2: 0.078–0.123, P<0.05) with other populations were observed for the first time, which is also supported by the results of molecular variance analysis(FC T by COI: 0.105, P<0.05;FC T by ITS2: 0.086, P<0.05) and the clustering of the ZJ population into distinct branches in the interpopulation genetic differentiation tree. Furthermore, the evolutionary tree and haplotype network analyses do not support the formation of a clear geographical genealogical structure among these 14 populations. In addition, the population dynamics analysis suggests that the C. angulata may have undergone expansion during the third ice age of the Pleistocene. These results provide a reference for the preservation and further genetic improvement of C. angulata.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12475012,62461160263 for P.W.,and 62276171 for H.L.)Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project of China (Project No.2023ZD0300600 for P.W.)+3 种基金Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative (Grant Nos.GDZX240-3009 and GDZX2303005 for P.W.)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2024-A1515011938 for H.L.)Shenzhen Fundamental ResearchGeneral Project (Grant No.JCYJ20240813141503005 for H.L.)the Talents Introduction Foundation of Beijing Normal University (Grant No.310432106 for P.W.)。
文摘Hyperpolarization of nuclear spins is crucial for advancing nuclear magnetic resonance and quantum information technologies,as nuclear spins typically exhibit extremely low polarization at room temperature due to their small gyromagnetic ratios.A promising approach to achieving high nuclear spin polarization is transferring the polarization of electrons to nuclear spins.The nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center in diamond has emerged as a highly effective medium for this purpose,and various hyperpolarization protocols have been developed.Among these,the pulsed polarization(PulsePol)method has been extensively studied due to its robustness against static energy shifts of the electron spin.In this work,we present a novel polarization protocol and uncover a family of magic sequences for hyperpolarizing nuclear spins,with PulsePol emerging as a special case of our general approach.Notably,we demonstrate that some of these magic sequences exhibit significantly greater robustness compared to the PulsePol protocol in the presence of finite half𝜋pulse duration of the protocol,Rabi and detuning errors.This enhanced robustness positions our protocol as a more suitable candidate for hyper-polarizing nuclear spins species with large gyromagnetic ratios and also ensures better compatibility with high-efficiency readout techniques at high magnetic fields.Additionally,the generality of our protocol allows for its direct application to other solid-state quantum systems beyond the NV center.
文摘We develop and implement a Stochastic Discrete Event Simulation(SDES)algorithm to model the housing re-covery trajectory after an extreme event.The algorithm models discrete events and their underlying uncertainties in each construction phase.Specifically,the algorithm is developed for the Government Assisted Owner Driven(GAOD)reconstruction system to simulate long-term recovery trajectory.SDES,as a flexible modeling approach,can simulate any housing recovery scenario that follows phased reconstruction.The 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha earthquake sequence in Nepal is considered the extreme event,with 796,245 buildings requiring reconstruction.We present some recovery trajectories from severely hit,crisis hit,and earthquake hit parishes,comparing them with the actual reconstruction progress.We also assess quality and improvement of reconstructed buildings using seismic fragility functions,compared to pre-earthquake constructions.Housing recovery uncertainties are dissected in relation to reconstruction pace.We conclude that the vast majority of the reconstructed buildings followed the Build Back Better(BBB)approach and missed the opportunity to pursue the Build Back Resilient(BBR)approach due to multifaceted challenges ranging from unclear policies to economic constraints.We critically assess the GAOD vs Owner Driven(OD)recovery framework and conclude that insurance-supported and technically assisted OD approach could be the most suitable model for post extreme event housing recovery.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA19050302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31871328 and 32030021)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0907502)the International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.153F11KYSB20160008).
文摘KaKs_Calculator 3.0 is an updated toolkit that is capable of calculating selective pressure on both coding and non-coding sequences.Similar to the nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio for coding sequences,selection on non-coding sequences can be quantified as the ratio of non-coding nucleotide substitution rate to synonymous substitution rate of adjacent coding sequences.As testified on empirical data,KaKs_Calculator 3.0 shows effectiveness to detect the strength and mode of selection operated on molecular sequences,accordingly demonstrating its great potential to achieve genome-wide scan of natural selection on diverse sequences and identification of potentially functional elements at a whole-genome scale.The package of KaKs_Calculator 3.0 is freely available for academic use only at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tools/BT000001.
文摘A detailed understanding of genetic architecture of mRNA expression by millions of genetic variants is important for studying quantitative trait variation. In this study, we identified 1.25M SNPs with a minor allele frequency greater than 0.05 by combining reduced genome sequencing （GBS）, high- density array technologies （600K）, and previous deep RNA-sequencing data from 368 diverse inbred lines of maize. The balanced allelic frequencies and distributions in a relatively large and diverse natural panel helped to identify expression quantitative trait loci （eQTLs） associated with more than 18 000 genes （63.4% of tested genes）. We found that distant eQTLs were more frequent （~75% of all eQTLs） across the whole genome. Thirteen novel associated loci affecting maize kernel oil concentration were identified using the new dataset, among which one intergenic locus affected the kernel oil variation by controlling expression of three other known oil-related genes. Altogether, this study provides resources for expanding our understanding of cellular regulatory mechanisms of transcriptome variation and the landscape of functional variants within the maize genome, thereby enhancing the understanding of quantitative variations.
文摘In a recent decade, many DNA sequencing projects are developed on cells, plants and animals over the world into huge DNA databases. Researchers notice that mammalian genomes encoding thousands of large noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), interact with chromatin regulatory complexes, and are thought to play a role in localizing these complexes to target loci across the genome. It is a challenge target using higher dimensional tools to organize various complex interactive properties as visual maps. In this paper, a Pseudo DNA Variant MapPDVM is proposed following Cellular Automata to represent multiple maps that use four Meta symbols as well as DNA or RNA representations. The system architecture of key components and the core mechanism on the PDVM are described. Key modules, equations and their I/O parameters are discussed. Applying the PDVM, two sets of real DNA sequences from both the sample human (noncoding DNA) and corn (coding DNA) genomes are collected in comparison with two sets of pseudo DNA sequences generated by a stream cipher HC-256 under different modes to show their intrinsic properties in higher levels of similar relationships among relevant DNA sequences on 2D maps. Sample 2D maps are listed and their characteristics are illustrated under a controllable environment. Various distributions can be observed on both noncoding and coding conditions from their symmetric properties on 2D maps.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82301486(to SL)and 82071325(to FY)Medjaden Academy&Research Foundation for Young Scientists,No.MJR202310040(to SL)+2 种基金Nanjing Medical University Science and Technique Development,No.NMUB20220060(to SL)Medical Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health,No.ZDA2020019(to JZ)Health China Buchang Zhiyuan Public Welfare Project for Heart and Brain Health,No.HIGHER202102(to QD).
文摘Acute ischemic stroke is a clinical emergency and a condition with high morbidity,mortality,and disability.Accurate predictive,diagnostic,and prognostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke remain undetermined.With innovations in high-throughput gene sequencing analysis,many aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)in the brain and peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke have been found in clinical samples and experimental models.Differentially expressed ncRNAs in the post-stroke brain were demonstrated to play vital roles in pathological processes,leading to neuroprotection or deterioration,thus ncRNAs can serve as therapeutic targets in acute ischemic stroke.Moreover,distinctly expressed ncRNAs in the peripheral blood can be used as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.In particular,ncRNAs in peripheral immune cells were recently shown to be involved in the peripheral and brain immune response after acute ischemic stroke.In this review,we consolidate the latest progress of research into the roles of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long ncRNAs,and circular RNAs)in the pathological processes of acute ischemic stroke–induced brain damage,as well as the potential of these ncRNAs to act as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke prediction,diagnosis,and prognosis.Findings from this review will provide novel ideas for the clinical application of ncRNAs in acute ischemic stroke.
