In mid-June,the vast,rolling meadow steppe grasslands of Bayanwenduer Sumu in Ar Horqin Banner,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,once again stretched into the horizon like green waves with herds of cattle and sheep sca...In mid-June,the vast,rolling meadow steppe grasslands of Bayanwenduer Sumu in Ar Horqin Banner,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,once again stretched into the horizon like green waves with herds of cattle and sheep scattered across them like pearls in a green ocean.This flock was driven by herders on horseback,motorcycles,and agricultural vehicles,leading the animals to summer pastures in one of the most important migrations of the year.展开更多
Climate change adaptation is an important part of addressing climate warming. Inner Mongolia grassland is a sensitive and vulnerable area of climate and an important region for adaptation to climate change. New climat...Climate change adaptation is an important part of addressing climate warming. Inner Mongolia grassland is a sensitive and vulnerable area of climate and an important region for adaptation to climate change. New climate change adaptation approaches with nomadic culture characteristics should be exploded in the context of climate warming. In this paper, the different utilization pattern of grassland in different regions, the different modes of production and management and historical culture were analyzed first in Nenjiang-West Liaohe plain and Ke'erqin region, Inner Mongolia Plateau and Ordos Plateau. Then, nomadic culture on the grassland was discussed from the productivity to biodiversity, from local livestock variety to resource-used system. Finally, new approaches of climate change adaptation with inheriting the essence of nomadic culture were proposed, including protecting biodiversity and using resources reasonably, performing a practice of grazing suspension-rotational grazing system,fencing degenerated grassland to facilitate its growth, founding new farming and husbandry system on the grassland, and establishing an incentive mechanism favorable to grassland and ethical cultural protection.展开更多
The Troyan horse served here as a sufficiently vivid picture to enter into the history conflicts of an archetypal symbol of treachery and robbery, a metaphor for domination, a monad of violence and its justification...The Troyan horse served here as a sufficiently vivid picture to enter into the history conflicts of an archetypal symbol of treachery and robbery, a metaphor for domination, a monad of violence and its justification. The body of terrorism rests not on ideology/beliefs/religions-it is purely a practical idea, behind which there is only one thing： terra nova-the habitat. It is necessary to look for other reasons for the massacres and public executions of modern times, because no religion calls for open murder-only dogmatists armed with faith, craved crusaders hikes, and therefore cannot be recognized and accepted as responsible for the murder. This is the search for the guilty, but only the person is guilty-the fault is his area of responsibility. The Utopians of Thomas More, who revered Mithra, acted like him： like Greek gods, they interfered in human wars, descending from heaven, and restored justice by waging war beyond their state borders, as if protecting the inviolability of their territory and their laws, whose rejection, like, and encroachment on them, led to armed conflicts, the purpose of allowing them was the introduction of forced disciplina （established order）, sanctioned by Mithra himself. It is this identity that allows us to consider Utopia as an extended invective for the entire social order, regardless of time and place, and in particular the state as a paramilitary mechanism for the improvement of the human hostel, based on regulations that allow and, more often, provoke its violation, since destabilization is the driving force of existence. This polar involvement of Mithra in the war lies hidden in the very aporia of the world-war, which turns the god of treaties into the chthonic deity of destruction and murder.展开更多
Brucellosis is a reemerging zoonotic disease that causes more than half a million infections to humans every year. The disease is common in most developing countries, the human mortality rate is about 2%, and the dise...Brucellosis is a reemerging zoonotic disease that causes more than half a million infections to humans every year. The disease is common in most developing countries, the human mortality rate is about 2%, and the disease causes severe rheumatism, infertility in males, spontaneous abortion and also results in wastage of resources through prolonged treatment. Brucella organisms are also potential biological weapon which could be cheaper to produce but more devastating than chemical weapons. About 5 mililitres of blood was drawn from 228 subjects using sterile vacutainers and analyzed by using standard tube agglutination tests: (SAT3 160) and ELISA (IgG, IgM) kits specific for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis antibodies. Semi structured questionnaire was administered to collect data. In the study, overall sero prevalence was 70 (30.8%). More male participated in the study with a frequency of 24.6% of whom 7.92% falls within the age group of 20 to 30, followed by 31 - 35 years with 5.72% and 3.52% within 36 - 45 years. Least affected were those in the age groups above 46 years (2.20%). Approximately, 21.54% of the subjects had formal education either at Quranic, primary and secondary or tertiary level. Majority acquired Quranic education (9.68%), 7.48% primary and 0.88% had tertiary training. A total of 21 (9.24%) never acquired any form of education. Headache, muscle aches, malaise, chills and fatigue were the most common clinical signs and symptoms experienced by about 30% among the participants. In the distribution of Brucella antibodies, ELISA diagnostic kits showed high sensitivity with the prevalence rate of 18.04% (n = 41) followed by SAT 12.76% (n = 29). The sensitivity and specificity of RDPT kits were 37 % and 69%, with a positive and negative predictive value of 18% and 86% respectively. Unprocessed milk from the market and consumption of unboiled milk were associated with brucellosis. Therefore, patients with brucellosis should be treated to prevent the devastating effect of the disease and the accompanying sequelae, public health education programs should explain modes of transmission and Brucella febrile diagnostic kit should be used at the health facilities.展开更多
Traditional Mongolian furniture is one of the necessities of Mongolian traditional furniture.In the vast Mongolian Plateau, natural grasslands and primary forests determine the nomadic life of Mongolians, Mongolian yu...Traditional Mongolian furniture is one of the necessities of Mongolian traditional furniture.In the vast Mongolian Plateau, natural grasslands and primary forests determine the nomadic life of Mongolians, Mongolian yurt is their main residence. The above conditions contribute to the types and nomadic features of traditional Mongolian furniture. Most traditional Mongolian furniture has a box-like structure, and the nomadic features are reflected in the following aspects: made of local materials; small size for the application in Mongolian yurt; demountable and foldable for the convenience of transportation,because Mongolians have to move to different grasslands for grazing; the furniture parts is bulky for frequent transportation; and colored drawing and carved furniture enrich the life color.展开更多
Yagla is the biggest nomadic village I have seen in northern Tibet.It lies in Sog County,about one kilometer away from the downtown of Sog. This village is situated on flat terrain by the mountainside,adjacent to Sogc...Yagla is the biggest nomadic village I have seen in northern Tibet.It lies in Sog County,about one kilometer away from the downtown of Sog. This village is situated on flat terrain by the mountainside,adjacent to Sogchu River.A suspension bridge links the two river banks and further extends into abundant grazing lands skirted with flourishing grass and spotted by countless flocks of yaks,goats,展开更多
Background Echinococcosis remains highly endemic in some nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,where alveolar echinococcosis(AE)and cystic echinococcosis(CE)exhibit notably high prevalence rates of 3....Background Echinococcosis remains highly endemic in some nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,where alveolar echinococcosis(AE)and cystic echinococcosis(CE)exhibit notably high prevalence rates of 3.64%and 2.37%,respectively.Recent settlement expansion in the region has raised concerns,as smaller,remote settlements often lacked waste disposal and sewage systems,potentially facilitating echinococcosis transmission.The aim of this study is to investigate how settlement characteristics influence echinococcosis transmission.Findings The study was conducted from 2022–2024 in nomadic communities of Shiqu County in China.The overall prevalence rate of echinococcosis in 51 settlements was found to be 2.34%(321/13,701;95%CI:2.10–2.61),which included a prevalence rate of 1.62%(222/13,701;95%CI:1.42–1.85)for AE and a prevalence rate of 0.72%(99/13,701;95%CI:0.59–0.88)for CE.The prevalence rate of AE was significantly(χ^(2)=49.57,P<0.01)higher than that of CE.Settlements with a smaller population size(Z=-4.27,P<0.01),a greater distance to the township center(Z=2.66,P<0.01)and a higher density of owned dogs(Z=5.90,P<0.01)were associated with higher prevalence rates of CE.These associations were also observed for AE prevalence,except for the density of owned dogs.Conclusions This study indicates that the transmission of AE was more active than that of CE in the nomadic communities.Smaller,remote settlements had higher prevalence rates for both CE and AE.The density of owned dogs was a significant risk factor for CE prevalence but not for AE prevalence.Targeted interventions are needed in these high-risk settlements.Future research should investigate how settlement characteristics interact with hygiene practices,the infection status of intermediate and definitive hosts,and their population dynamics to better understand combined effects on echinococcosis prevalence.展开更多
The link between climate and war has long been a topic of great scientific and social interest.In this study,we investigate the influence of climate on warfare in China’s Hexi Corridor region since 241 A.D.Using the ...The link between climate and war has long been a topic of great scientific and social interest.In this study,we investigate the influence of climate on warfare in China’s Hexi Corridor region since 241 A.D.Using the superposed epoch analysis of tree-ring data and historical war data,we observe a notable correlation between interannual dry-wet variations and wars instigated by nomadic groups in the Hexi Corridor.However,this relationship is dynamic and influenced by the region’s relative unity.During periods in which the Hexi Corridor was ruled by multiple regimes,wars tended to follow dry climatic conditions,which may be due to the fact that unusual drought during these periods likely heightened competition for resources and land.Conversely,during times of regional unity,wars were more likely to occur when climatic conditions were wet because the expansion of rangelands and the accumulation of resources helped fuel the nomads’outward conquest.These findings underscore the complexity of the relationship between war and climate change.To gain a more comprehensive understanding of this relationship,continuous,high-resolution historical temperature and humidity datasets with broader and more uniform coverage are needed across multiple regions.In addition,collecting and examining disaggregated historical war data for regions with distinct characteristics is essential.展开更多
The ethnic groups inhabiting the territory of China,along with the regimes they established,can be categorised into two primary types:agricultural and nomadic.Under the framework of the concept of"the Great Unity...The ethnic groups inhabiting the territory of China,along with the regimes they established,can be categorised into two primary types:agricultural and nomadic.Under the framework of the concept of"the Great Unity,"these two groups collaboratively contributed to the formation of a multi-ethnic nation known as China.The notion of"the Great Unity"originated among the agricultural communities of the Central Plains,but it was subsequently embraced and further developed by nomadic ethnic groups.This concept was articulated through phases of confrontation,identification,and development,and exemplified by the historical trajectories of the Xiongnu and the Xianbei.Various nomadic groups,including the Turks,Khitans,Jurchens,and Mongols,actively participated in the pursuit of unification of"China."The Qing Dynasty represented the culmination of these historical processes,as it solidified and implemented the principles of"the Great Unity,"effectively transitioning multi-ethnic China from a traditional dynasty to a modern sovereign state.A nuanced understanding of the roles played by agricultural and nomadic groups in the process of"the Great Unity"is essential for comprehending the historical formation and development of a multi-ethnic nation and evaluating the significant contributions of these two major groups.展开更多
On the vast Hulun Buir steppe in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,grasslands stretch as far as the eye can see.Known as one of the world’s four great grasslands and celebrated as the“kingdom of flora ...On the vast Hulun Buir steppe in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,grasslands stretch as far as the eye can see.Known as one of the world’s four great grasslands and celebrated as the“kingdom of flora and fauna in north China,”the region has long been a cradle of traditional nomadic culture and a vital base for animal husbandry.展开更多
The Spring Festival is a traditional festival with a long history of the Chinese nation.The customs of celebrating the Spring Festival have been nurtured and developed over the years,and have been widely spread across...The Spring Festival is a traditional festival with a long history of the Chinese nation.The customs of celebrating the Spring Festival have been nurtured and developed over the years,and have been widely spread across ethnic and regional boundaries with rich and diverse content and forms.The Spring Festival preparation activities and New Year worship customs of various ethnic groups in Bayanshili Ranch,Shili⁃ingol League,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have undergone changes with the changes in produc⁃tion and lifestyle,adjustments in living environment conditions,and the process of modernization and ur⁃banization.展开更多
Archaeological discoveries indicate that a variety of economic models have operated in the inland areas of Asia.One of these models,pastoral nomadism,differs from agriculture,agro-pastoral,and settled pastoralism in t...Archaeological discoveries indicate that a variety of economic models have operated in the inland areas of Asia.One of these models,pastoral nomadism,differs from agriculture,agro-pastoral,and settled pastoralism in terms of cattle-breeding,cultivation and manufacture.Pastoral nomadism is a livestock-breeding management mode of production,in which the stock is fed by uninterrupted moving in a large geographical area.The Eurasian Steppe,which includes the cold forest-steppe area in the north and the semi-arid desert-steppe in the south,is the major region in which the ancient nomadic population flourished.Because of the absence of both intrinsic motivation and external pressure for the transition to pastoral nomadism,early animal husbandry economy in the forest-steppe area could not have developed into the initial pastoral nomadic economy;instead,the pastoral nomadic economy emerged from the agro-pastoral economy in the semi-arid desert-steppe.These agro-pastoral people were forced to minimize the scale of agriculture and sedentary pastoralism and to turn to a nomadic lifestyle,with the internal cause being a shortage of feed resources caused by expansion of the human population and livestock,with the added external pressure of climatic and environmental deterioration.From archaeological findings,the eastern Tianshan area in Xinjiang,China,was a major region for the emergence of the early pastoral nomadic economy.The main evidence for this conclusion is a series of pastoral nomadic settlement sites in the northern and southern piedmonts of the Tianshan Mountains,which display settlement conditions,resources and environments entirely different from those of agricultural and agro-pastoral settlements elsewhere.展开更多
In the context of climate change,research on extreme climates and disaster risk management has become a crucial component of climate change adaptation.Local communities,which have been facing extreme climates for a lo...In the context of climate change,research on extreme climates and disaster risk management has become a crucial component of climate change adaptation.Local communities,which have been facing extreme climates for a long time in their production and daily life,have developed some locally applicable traditional knowledge that has played an important role in their adaptation to extreme climate and disaster risk management.Therefore,this research aims to link Local knowledge(LK)to community extreme climate disaster risk management in order to construct a conceptual model.It then takes the extreme climate adaptation strategy of traditional nomads in a temperate grassland of China as an example to analyze the role of LK in extreme climate adaptation using the proposed theoretical framework.The main research objectives of this study are:(1)To construct a conceptual model to illustrate the relations among extreme climate events,risk management,LK,and farmers’adaptation strategies;(2)To apply the theoretical framework to a field case to reveal context-specific extreme climate adaptation mechanisms with LK as a critical component;(3)To test the framework and provide suggestions for the extreme climates adaptation,and the conservation of LK related to climate change adaptation.The results show that from the perspective of disaster risk management,local communities could manage extreme climates as a disaster risk through adaptation strategies formed from LK,because as a knowledge system,LK contains relevant knowledge covering the whole process of disaster risk management.展开更多
First Stop of the‘Expeditionary Light Project:Human Utopia Series’Launched in Bulgaria On 12 February,the first stop of the new series“Expeditionary Light Project:Human Utopia Series”organized by the Zhejiang Art ...First Stop of the‘Expeditionary Light Project:Human Utopia Series’Launched in Bulgaria On 12 February,the first stop of the new series“Expeditionary Light Project:Human Utopia Series”organized by the Zhejiang Art Museum opened at the Buzludzha Monument in Bulgaria.This exhibition used light as a medium and nomadism as a method.展开更多
Traveling troupes bring culture and joy to the remote corners of China’s vast grasslands The people living on the grassland of north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are born with a passion for art,ex-
The Yongning Ancient Walled City, located in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, is a historic site with over 600 years of cultural heritage. Its preservation faces challenges posed by rapid urbanization, yet it also offers op...The Yongning Ancient Walled City, located in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, is a historic site with over 600 years of cultural heritage. Its preservation faces challenges posed by rapid urbanization, yet it also offers opportunities for creative renewal through artistic and cultural frameworks. This paper explores a novel approach to reimagining Yongning by integrating Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy-emphasizing multiplicity, rhizomatic connections, and the fold-with environmental art and cultural narratives. By drawing on Deleuze’s concepts of “nomadic space” and “fold” within the context of heritage conservation, this study provides actionable strategies for blending modern artistic practices with traditional cultural identity. Through field research, theoretical exploration, and design application, this paper demonstrates how Yongning can transform into a living museum of art, culture, and history. The findings aim to expand the dialogue on aesthetics, spatial theory, and heritage renewal.展开更多
文摘In mid-June,the vast,rolling meadow steppe grasslands of Bayanwenduer Sumu in Ar Horqin Banner,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,once again stretched into the horizon like green waves with herds of cattle and sheep scattered across them like pearls in a green ocean.This flock was driven by herders on horseback,motorcycles,and agricultural vehicles,leading the animals to summer pastures in one of the most important migrations of the year.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program:[Grant Number 2013BAC09B04]
文摘Climate change adaptation is an important part of addressing climate warming. Inner Mongolia grassland is a sensitive and vulnerable area of climate and an important region for adaptation to climate change. New climate change adaptation approaches with nomadic culture characteristics should be exploded in the context of climate warming. In this paper, the different utilization pattern of grassland in different regions, the different modes of production and management and historical culture were analyzed first in Nenjiang-West Liaohe plain and Ke'erqin region, Inner Mongolia Plateau and Ordos Plateau. Then, nomadic culture on the grassland was discussed from the productivity to biodiversity, from local livestock variety to resource-used system. Finally, new approaches of climate change adaptation with inheriting the essence of nomadic culture were proposed, including protecting biodiversity and using resources reasonably, performing a practice of grazing suspension-rotational grazing system,fencing degenerated grassland to facilitate its growth, founding new farming and husbandry system on the grassland, and establishing an incentive mechanism favorable to grassland and ethical cultural protection.
文摘The Troyan horse served here as a sufficiently vivid picture to enter into the history conflicts of an archetypal symbol of treachery and robbery, a metaphor for domination, a monad of violence and its justification. The body of terrorism rests not on ideology/beliefs/religions-it is purely a practical idea, behind which there is only one thing： terra nova-the habitat. It is necessary to look for other reasons for the massacres and public executions of modern times, because no religion calls for open murder-only dogmatists armed with faith, craved crusaders hikes, and therefore cannot be recognized and accepted as responsible for the murder. This is the search for the guilty, but only the person is guilty-the fault is his area of responsibility. The Utopians of Thomas More, who revered Mithra, acted like him： like Greek gods, they interfered in human wars, descending from heaven, and restored justice by waging war beyond their state borders, as if protecting the inviolability of their territory and their laws, whose rejection, like, and encroachment on them, led to armed conflicts, the purpose of allowing them was the introduction of forced disciplina （established order）, sanctioned by Mithra himself. It is this identity that allows us to consider Utopia as an extended invective for the entire social order, regardless of time and place, and in particular the state as a paramilitary mechanism for the improvement of the human hostel, based on regulations that allow and, more often, provoke its violation, since destabilization is the driving force of existence. This polar involvement of Mithra in the war lies hidden in the very aporia of the world-war, which turns the god of treaties into the chthonic deity of destruction and murder.
文摘Brucellosis is a reemerging zoonotic disease that causes more than half a million infections to humans every year. The disease is common in most developing countries, the human mortality rate is about 2%, and the disease causes severe rheumatism, infertility in males, spontaneous abortion and also results in wastage of resources through prolonged treatment. Brucella organisms are also potential biological weapon which could be cheaper to produce but more devastating than chemical weapons. About 5 mililitres of blood was drawn from 228 subjects using sterile vacutainers and analyzed by using standard tube agglutination tests: (SAT3 160) and ELISA (IgG, IgM) kits specific for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis antibodies. Semi structured questionnaire was administered to collect data. In the study, overall sero prevalence was 70 (30.8%). More male participated in the study with a frequency of 24.6% of whom 7.92% falls within the age group of 20 to 30, followed by 31 - 35 years with 5.72% and 3.52% within 36 - 45 years. Least affected were those in the age groups above 46 years (2.20%). Approximately, 21.54% of the subjects had formal education either at Quranic, primary and secondary or tertiary level. Majority acquired Quranic education (9.68%), 7.48% primary and 0.88% had tertiary training. A total of 21 (9.24%) never acquired any form of education. Headache, muscle aches, malaise, chills and fatigue were the most common clinical signs and symptoms experienced by about 30% among the participants. In the distribution of Brucella antibodies, ELISA diagnostic kits showed high sensitivity with the prevalence rate of 18.04% (n = 41) followed by SAT 12.76% (n = 29). The sensitivity and specificity of RDPT kits were 37 % and 69%, with a positive and negative predictive value of 18% and 86% respectively. Unprocessed milk from the market and consumption of unboiled milk were associated with brucellosis. Therefore, patients with brucellosis should be treated to prevent the devastating effect of the disease and the accompanying sequelae, public health education programs should explain modes of transmission and Brucella febrile diagnostic kit should be used at the health facilities.
基金Sponsored by Research on Northern Grassland Wooden Ware(NJ10058)
文摘Traditional Mongolian furniture is one of the necessities of Mongolian traditional furniture.In the vast Mongolian Plateau, natural grasslands and primary forests determine the nomadic life of Mongolians, Mongolian yurt is their main residence. The above conditions contribute to the types and nomadic features of traditional Mongolian furniture. Most traditional Mongolian furniture has a box-like structure, and the nomadic features are reflected in the following aspects: made of local materials; small size for the application in Mongolian yurt; demountable and foldable for the convenience of transportation,because Mongolians have to move to different grasslands for grazing; the furniture parts is bulky for frequent transportation; and colored drawing and carved furniture enrich the life color.
文摘Yagla is the biggest nomadic village I have seen in northern Tibet.It lies in Sog County,about one kilometer away from the downtown of Sog. This village is situated on flat terrain by the mountainside,adjacent to Sogchu River.A suspension bridge links the two river banks and further extends into abundant grazing lands skirted with flourishing grass and spotted by countless flocks of yaks,goats,
基金Sichuan Science and Technology Programme(2023YFS0221)The Key Laboratory of echinococcosis Control Research Project of the National Health Commission(2021wzk1005)Preliminary research programme on standardization,China CDC(BZ2024-Q027).
文摘Background Echinococcosis remains highly endemic in some nomadic communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,where alveolar echinococcosis(AE)and cystic echinococcosis(CE)exhibit notably high prevalence rates of 3.64%and 2.37%,respectively.Recent settlement expansion in the region has raised concerns,as smaller,remote settlements often lacked waste disposal and sewage systems,potentially facilitating echinococcosis transmission.The aim of this study is to investigate how settlement characteristics influence echinococcosis transmission.Findings The study was conducted from 2022–2024 in nomadic communities of Shiqu County in China.The overall prevalence rate of echinococcosis in 51 settlements was found to be 2.34%(321/13,701;95%CI:2.10–2.61),which included a prevalence rate of 1.62%(222/13,701;95%CI:1.42–1.85)for AE and a prevalence rate of 0.72%(99/13,701;95%CI:0.59–0.88)for CE.The prevalence rate of AE was significantly(χ^(2)=49.57,P<0.01)higher than that of CE.Settlements with a smaller population size(Z=-4.27,P<0.01),a greater distance to the township center(Z=2.66,P<0.01)and a higher density of owned dogs(Z=5.90,P<0.01)were associated with higher prevalence rates of CE.These associations were also observed for AE prevalence,except for the density of owned dogs.Conclusions This study indicates that the transmission of AE was more active than that of CE in the nomadic communities.Smaller,remote settlements had higher prevalence rates for both CE and AE.The density of owned dogs was a significant risk factor for CE prevalence but not for AE prevalence.Targeted interventions are needed in these high-risk settlements.Future research should investigate how settlement characteristics interact with hygiene practices,the infection status of intermediate and definitive hosts,and their population dynamics to better understand combined effects on echinococcosis prevalence.
基金supported by the Basic Science Center for Tibetan Plateau Earth System(Grant No.41988101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41977392)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0606602)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu,China(Grant No.22JR5RA449)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(Grant No.22lzujbkydx036)。
文摘The link between climate and war has long been a topic of great scientific and social interest.In this study,we investigate the influence of climate on warfare in China’s Hexi Corridor region since 241 A.D.Using the superposed epoch analysis of tree-ring data and historical war data,we observe a notable correlation between interannual dry-wet variations and wars instigated by nomadic groups in the Hexi Corridor.However,this relationship is dynamic and influenced by the region’s relative unity.During periods in which the Hexi Corridor was ruled by multiple regimes,wars tended to follow dry climatic conditions,which may be due to the fact that unusual drought during these periods likely heightened competition for resources and land.Conversely,during times of regional unity,wars were more likely to occur when climatic conditions were wet because the expansion of rangelands and the accumulation of resources helped fuel the nomads’outward conquest.These findings underscore the complexity of the relationship between war and climate change.To gain a more comprehensive understanding of this relationship,continuous,high-resolution historical temperature and humidity datasets with broader and more uniform coverage are needed across multiple regions.In addition,collecting and examining disaggregated historical war data for regions with distinct characteristics is essential.
文摘The ethnic groups inhabiting the territory of China,along with the regimes they established,can be categorised into two primary types:agricultural and nomadic.Under the framework of the concept of"the Great Unity,"these two groups collaboratively contributed to the formation of a multi-ethnic nation known as China.The notion of"the Great Unity"originated among the agricultural communities of the Central Plains,but it was subsequently embraced and further developed by nomadic ethnic groups.This concept was articulated through phases of confrontation,identification,and development,and exemplified by the historical trajectories of the Xiongnu and the Xianbei.Various nomadic groups,including the Turks,Khitans,Jurchens,and Mongols,actively participated in the pursuit of unification of"China."The Qing Dynasty represented the culmination of these historical processes,as it solidified and implemented the principles of"the Great Unity,"effectively transitioning multi-ethnic China from a traditional dynasty to a modern sovereign state.A nuanced understanding of the roles played by agricultural and nomadic groups in the process of"the Great Unity"is essential for comprehending the historical formation and development of a multi-ethnic nation and evaluating the significant contributions of these two major groups.
文摘On the vast Hulun Buir steppe in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,grasslands stretch as far as the eye can see.Known as one of the world’s four great grasslands and celebrated as the“kingdom of flora and fauna in north China,”the region has long been a cradle of traditional nomadic culture and a vital base for animal husbandry.
文摘The Spring Festival is a traditional festival with a long history of the Chinese nation.The customs of celebrating the Spring Festival have been nurtured and developed over the years,and have been widely spread across ethnic and regional boundaries with rich and diverse content and forms.The Spring Festival preparation activities and New Year worship customs of various ethnic groups in Bayanshili Ranch,Shili⁃ingol League,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region have undergone changes with the changes in produc⁃tion and lifestyle,adjustments in living environment conditions,and the process of modernization and ur⁃banization.
文摘Archaeological discoveries indicate that a variety of economic models have operated in the inland areas of Asia.One of these models,pastoral nomadism,differs from agriculture,agro-pastoral,and settled pastoralism in terms of cattle-breeding,cultivation and manufacture.Pastoral nomadism is a livestock-breeding management mode of production,in which the stock is fed by uninterrupted moving in a large geographical area.The Eurasian Steppe,which includes the cold forest-steppe area in the north and the semi-arid desert-steppe in the south,is the major region in which the ancient nomadic population flourished.Because of the absence of both intrinsic motivation and external pressure for the transition to pastoral nomadism,early animal husbandry economy in the forest-steppe area could not have developed into the initial pastoral nomadic economy;instead,the pastoral nomadic economy emerged from the agro-pastoral economy in the semi-arid desert-steppe.These agro-pastoral people were forced to minimize the scale of agriculture and sedentary pastoralism and to turn to a nomadic lifestyle,with the internal cause being a shortage of feed resources caused by expansion of the human population and livestock,with the added external pressure of climatic and environmental deterioration.From archaeological findings,the eastern Tianshan area in Xinjiang,China,was a major region for the emergence of the early pastoral nomadic economy.The main evidence for this conclusion is a series of pastoral nomadic settlement sites in the northern and southern piedmonts of the Tianshan Mountains,which display settlement conditions,resources and environments entirely different from those of agricultural and agro-pastoral settlements elsewhere.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (42001194)。
文摘In the context of climate change,research on extreme climates and disaster risk management has become a crucial component of climate change adaptation.Local communities,which have been facing extreme climates for a long time in their production and daily life,have developed some locally applicable traditional knowledge that has played an important role in their adaptation to extreme climate and disaster risk management.Therefore,this research aims to link Local knowledge(LK)to community extreme climate disaster risk management in order to construct a conceptual model.It then takes the extreme climate adaptation strategy of traditional nomads in a temperate grassland of China as an example to analyze the role of LK in extreme climate adaptation using the proposed theoretical framework.The main research objectives of this study are:(1)To construct a conceptual model to illustrate the relations among extreme climate events,risk management,LK,and farmers’adaptation strategies;(2)To apply the theoretical framework to a field case to reveal context-specific extreme climate adaptation mechanisms with LK as a critical component;(3)To test the framework and provide suggestions for the extreme climates adaptation,and the conservation of LK related to climate change adaptation.The results show that from the perspective of disaster risk management,local communities could manage extreme climates as a disaster risk through adaptation strategies formed from LK,because as a knowledge system,LK contains relevant knowledge covering the whole process of disaster risk management.
文摘First Stop of the‘Expeditionary Light Project:Human Utopia Series’Launched in Bulgaria On 12 February,the first stop of the new series“Expeditionary Light Project:Human Utopia Series”organized by the Zhejiang Art Museum opened at the Buzludzha Monument in Bulgaria.This exhibition used light as a medium and nomadism as a method.
文摘Traveling troupes bring culture and joy to the remote corners of China’s vast grasslands The people living on the grassland of north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are born with a passion for art,ex-
文摘The Yongning Ancient Walled City, located in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, is a historic site with over 600 years of cultural heritage. Its preservation faces challenges posed by rapid urbanization, yet it also offers opportunities for creative renewal through artistic and cultural frameworks. This paper explores a novel approach to reimagining Yongning by integrating Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy-emphasizing multiplicity, rhizomatic connections, and the fold-with environmental art and cultural narratives. By drawing on Deleuze’s concepts of “nomadic space” and “fold” within the context of heritage conservation, this study provides actionable strategies for blending modern artistic practices with traditional cultural identity. Through field research, theoretical exploration, and design application, this paper demonstrates how Yongning can transform into a living museum of art, culture, and history. The findings aim to expand the dialogue on aesthetics, spatial theory, and heritage renewal.
