Rack-level loop thermosyphons have been widely adopted as a solution to data centers’growing energy demands.While numerous studies have highlighted the heat transfer performance and energy-saving benefits of this sys...Rack-level loop thermosyphons have been widely adopted as a solution to data centers’growing energy demands.While numerous studies have highlighted the heat transfer performance and energy-saving benefits of this system,its economic feasibility,water usage effectiveness(WUE),and carbon usage effectiveness(CUE)remain underexplored.This study introduces a comprehensive evaluation index designed to assess the applicability of the rack-level loop thermosyphon system across various computing hub nodes.The air wet bulb temperature Ta,w was identified as the most significant factor influencing the variability in the combination of PUE,CUE,and WUE values.The results indicate that the rack-level loop thermosyphon system achieves the highest score in Lanzhou(94.485)and the lowest in Beijing(89.261)based on the comprehensive evaluation index.The overall ranking of cities according to the comprehensive evaluation score is as follows:Gansu hub(Lanzhou)>Inner Mongolia hub(Hohhot)>Ningxia hub(Yinchuan)>Yangtze River Delta hub(Shanghai)>Chengdu Chongqing hub(Chongqing)>Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area hub(Guangzhou)>Guizhou hub(Guiyang)>Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei hub(Beijing).Furthermore,Hohhot,Lanzhou,and Yinchuan consistently rank among the top three cities for comprehensive scores across all load rates,while Guiyang(at a 25%load rate),Guangzhou(at a 50%load rate),and Beijing(at 75%and 100%load rates)exhibited the lowest comprehensive scores.展开更多
Concepts for a virtual 3D space and a hyper-sphere are proposed and the formulae for determining the computable nodes of the mesh are derived.Then a new optimization design method('Virtual Mesh Method'or V.M.M...Concepts for a virtual 3D space and a hyper-sphere are proposed and the formulae for determining the computable nodes of the mesh are derived.Then a new optimization design method('Virtual Mesh Method'or V.M.M)is developed.Three examples are given,showing that the method proposed is especially suitable for the optimized design of complex structures,and that the global approximate optimal solution can be searched with remarkably reduced computational work.展开更多
With the Frontier supercomputer ranked first on the Top500 list,it marks the era of exascale computing power for supercomputers,employing the compute nodes with double-precision floating-point performance exceeding 10...With the Frontier supercomputer ranked first on the Top500 list,it marks the era of exascale computing power for supercomputers,employing the compute nodes with double-precision floating-point performance exceeding 100 TFLOPS.As the basic computing unit of supercomputers,the efficiency of compute nodes significantly impacts the processing efficiency of application workloads in different domains,such as scientific computing and artificial intelligence.This article systematically analyzes the architectures and key technologies of major supercomputers already built or soon to be constructed in the world,and summarizes the development trends of 100 TFLOPS compute nodes technology.This paper provides some valuable insights on how to address the challenges imposed by future 10-exascale and even zettascale supercomputers,which include improving energy efficiency,optimizing memory access,utilizing chiplet interconnection,and employing advanced packaging technology.This will help scholars in related fields to further think about future research directions,and help industrial employees to construct more practical and efficient compute nodes for the future supercomputers.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant Nos.2023JJ50178 and 2023JJ50194)the Excellent Youth Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.23B0542).
文摘Rack-level loop thermosyphons have been widely adopted as a solution to data centers’growing energy demands.While numerous studies have highlighted the heat transfer performance and energy-saving benefits of this system,its economic feasibility,water usage effectiveness(WUE),and carbon usage effectiveness(CUE)remain underexplored.This study introduces a comprehensive evaluation index designed to assess the applicability of the rack-level loop thermosyphon system across various computing hub nodes.The air wet bulb temperature Ta,w was identified as the most significant factor influencing the variability in the combination of PUE,CUE,and WUE values.The results indicate that the rack-level loop thermosyphon system achieves the highest score in Lanzhou(94.485)and the lowest in Beijing(89.261)based on the comprehensive evaluation index.The overall ranking of cities according to the comprehensive evaluation score is as follows:Gansu hub(Lanzhou)>Inner Mongolia hub(Hohhot)>Ningxia hub(Yinchuan)>Yangtze River Delta hub(Shanghai)>Chengdu Chongqing hub(Chongqing)>Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area hub(Guangzhou)>Guizhou hub(Guiyang)>Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei hub(Beijing).Furthermore,Hohhot,Lanzhou,and Yinchuan consistently rank among the top three cities for comprehensive scores across all load rates,while Guiyang(at a 25%load rate),Guangzhou(at a 50%load rate),and Beijing(at 75%and 100%load rates)exhibited the lowest comprehensive scores.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(No.0311010400).
文摘Concepts for a virtual 3D space and a hyper-sphere are proposed and the formulae for determining the computable nodes of the mesh are derived.Then a new optimization design method('Virtual Mesh Method'or V.M.M)is developed.Three examples are given,showing that the method proposed is especially suitable for the optimized design of complex structures,and that the global approximate optimal solution can be searched with remarkably reduced computational work.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China-China Academy of General Technology Joint Fund for Basic Research(Grant no.62272475).
文摘With the Frontier supercomputer ranked first on the Top500 list,it marks the era of exascale computing power for supercomputers,employing the compute nodes with double-precision floating-point performance exceeding 100 TFLOPS.As the basic computing unit of supercomputers,the efficiency of compute nodes significantly impacts the processing efficiency of application workloads in different domains,such as scientific computing and artificial intelligence.This article systematically analyzes the architectures and key technologies of major supercomputers already built or soon to be constructed in the world,and summarizes the development trends of 100 TFLOPS compute nodes technology.This paper provides some valuable insights on how to address the challenges imposed by future 10-exascale and even zettascale supercomputers,which include improving energy efficiency,optimizing memory access,utilizing chiplet interconnection,and employing advanced packaging technology.This will help scholars in related fields to further think about future research directions,and help industrial employees to construct more practical and efficient compute nodes for the future supercomputers.
