High epicuticular wax(Ewax)content on leaves is a key trait for drought and heat stress tolerance in plants.One hundred diverse rice germplasm lines from the 3K-IRRI collection were screened for leaf Ewax content unde...High epicuticular wax(Ewax)content on leaves is a key trait for drought and heat stress tolerance in plants.One hundred diverse rice germplasm lines from the 3K-IRRI collection were screened for leaf Ewax content under open field conditions during the monsoon season of 2023,and for their nocturnal transpiration during the summer season of 2024.Using a novel drought-simulator phenomics platform,we identified a balance between cuticular and stomatal transpiration at night,with wax modulating these processes under varying night temperatures.展开更多
Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere.Metallic sodium detected by l...Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere.Metallic sodium detected by lidar can yield clues to dynamic and chemical processes in these spatial layers above the Earth’s atmosphere.This paper is based on sodium layer data collected at two low-latitude stations,one in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern.The low-latitude sodium layer exhibits conspicuous seasonal variations in shape,density,and altitude;these variations are similar between Earth’s hemispheres:sodium layer density at both stations reaches its seasonal maximum in autumn and minimum in summer.However,maximal Na density over Brazil is greater than that over Hainan.Nocturnal variations of Na density above the two low-latitude stations are also similar;at both,maxima are observed before sunrise.Some variations of the Na layer over Brazil that differ from those observed in the northern hemisphere may be related to the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly(SAMA)or fountain effect.We suggest that low-latitude Na layer data may provide useful additional evidence that could significantly improve the low-latitude part of the WACCM-Na model.展开更多
The Javan slow loris(Nycticebus javanicus)is a primate endemic to Java Island,Indonesia.Its conservation status has been categorized by IUCN as Critically Endangered,and it is included in Appendix I of CITES.Current p...The Javan slow loris(Nycticebus javanicus)is a primate endemic to Java Island,Indonesia.Its conservation status has been categorized by IUCN as Critically Endangered,and it is included in Appendix I of CITES.Current population status and distribution remain unrecorded.The research was conducted in Mendolo Forest,Pekalongan Regency,Central Java Province,Indonesia,to estimate population size and distribution patterns.Data collection occurred September 15–19,2024,using line transect methodology with spotlighting and GPS mapping.The transect locations are in each hamlet of Mendolo Village,namely Sawahan Hamlet with two transects,Mendolo Kulon Hamlet with four transects,Mendolo Wetan Hamlet with two transects,and Krandegan Hamlet with one transect.Data collection on javan slow loris in Mendolo Forest began at 7:30 p.m.to 12 a.m.We identified 8 individuals exhibiting semi-solitary behavior.Javan slow loris in Mendolo Forest are distributed across 3 hamlets,with 3 individuals in Sawahan Hamlet,4 individuals in Mendolo Kulon Hamlet,and 1 individual in Krandegan Hamlet.The population density of Javan slow loris in Mendolo Forest is 18.35 individuals/km2,with the highest density found in Krandegan Hamlet at 33.3 individuals/km²and the lowest in Mendolo Wetan Hamlet at 0 individuals/km2.The estimated population of Javan slow loris in Mendolo Forest is 21.9 individuals.These findings provide crucial baseline data for conservation management of Javan slow loris populations in Java.展开更多
This editorial explores the significant cardiometabolic outcomes of nocturnal sentry duty and its broader implications for other professions with overnight work.Highlighting the paradox of essential nighttime labor an...This editorial explores the significant cardiometabolic outcomes of nocturnal sentry duty and its broader implications for other professions with overnight work.Highlighting the paradox of essential nighttime labor and its adverse physiological effects,we discuss how occupations like healthcare,hospitality,and emergency services are similarly affected.The study by Lin et al provides critical insights into these dynamics and lays the groundwork for understanding nocturnal duty’s multifaceted impact on human health.展开更多
Objective:To explore the correlation between night ECG parameters and sleep quality in elderly patients with atrial premature beat(PAC).Methods:A total of 307 elderly patients with PAC were selected from March 2022 to...Objective:To explore the correlation between night ECG parameters and sleep quality in elderly patients with atrial premature beat(PAC).Methods:A total of 307 elderly patients with PAC were selected from March 2022 to March 2024.The parameters of room morning load and heart rate variability(HRV)at night(22:00-6:00)were collected by 24h holter electrocardiogram,and the sleep quality of PAC patients was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between night ECG parameters and sleep quality.Results:The incidence of sleep disorder in 307 elderly PAC patients was 62.54%.Univariate analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in gender,BMI and education level(P>0.05),but there were statistically significant differences in age,disease course,underlying diseases,atrial morning load,SDNN,RMSSD,LF,HF,LF/HF and TP(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that atrial morning load,SDNN,RMSSD,LF and LF/HF were independent influencing factors of sleep disorder in elderly PAC patients(P<0.05).Patients with sleep disorders were divided into mild group,moderate group and severe group according to PSQI score,and there were statistically significant differences in the indexes of atrial morning load,SDNN,LF,LF/HF and TP among the three groups(all P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that room morning load,LF,LF/HF and TP were positively correlated with the degree of sleep disorder,while SDNN parameters were negatively correlated with the degree of sleep disorder(all P<0.05).Conclusion:There is a significant correlation between night ECG parameters and sleep disorders in elderly patients with PAC.It is possible to prevent and treat sleep disorders by monitoring ECG abnormalities and improve the reliability of treatment.展开更多
This article examines the study by Lin et al,which explores the effects of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel.The research identifies significant correlations between the frequency of ...This article examines the study by Lin et al,which explores the effects of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel.The research identifies significant correlations between the frequency of night shifts and nega-tive cardiometabolic outcomes,such as elevated resting pulse rates and lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.These outcomes underscore the health risks linked to partial sleep deprivation,a common challenge in military environments.The editorial highlights the clinical significance of these findings,advocating for the implementation of targeted health interventions to mitigate these risks.Strategies such as structured sleep recovery programs and lifestyle modifications are recommended to improve the health management of military personnel engaged in nocturnal duties.By addressing these issues,military health management can better safeguard the well-being and operational readiness of its personnel.展开更多
Bruxism, characterized by involuntary clenching or grinding of teeth, affects approximately 10% - 20% of adults globally and has significant implications for dental and systemic health. Emerging AI-driven diagnostic t...Bruxism, characterized by involuntary clenching or grinding of teeth, affects approximately 10% - 20% of adults globally and has significant implications for dental and systemic health. Emerging AI-driven diagnostic tools have demonstrated a 25% improvement in identifying nocturnal bruxism compared to conventional methods. This study explores the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment modalities of bruxism, integrating cutting-edge advancements like neuromodulation and personalized medicine. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors and access disparities are analyzed to propose comprehensive strategies for improving patient outcomes. Current management strategies include behavioral therapies, orthodontic appliances, pharmacological interventions, physical therapy, and, in severe cases, surgical options. Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, and neuromodulation, are highlighted as promising advancements in bruxism diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, the study underscores the socioeconomic and ethical dimensions of bruxism care, advocating for interdisciplinary collaboration, patient education, and equitable access to innovative treatments. This research aims to contribute to improved understanding and management of bruxism, enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.展开更多
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hemo-lytic disease in which there is a stem cell disorder of clonal nature. Previous studies have demonstrated that the numbers of burst-forming units-erythroid...Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hemo-lytic disease in which there is a stem cell disorder of clonal nature. Previous studies have demonstrated that the numbers of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units-granulocyte / macrophage (CFU-GM) from bone marrow of PNH patients growing in the medium containing PHA-LCM from the normai donors were more reduced than those of normai bone marrow. The purpose of present study was to investigate if PNH lymphocytes are defective in supporting hematopoiesis in vitro. PHA-LCM from PNH blood was added to the culture medium for the growth of PNH and normai BFU-E and CFU-GM. The numbers of PNH bone marrow BFU-E and CFU-GM in the medium containing PHA-LCM from PNH blood were less than those from normai blood; the numbers of normai bone marrow BFU-E and CFU-GM grown in the medium containing PHA-LCM from PNH blood were more decreased than those from normai blood. The results suggest that diminished numbers of PNH bone marrovv BFU-展开更多
Reptiles are the most morphologically and physiologically diverse tetrapods,with the squamates having the most diverse habitats.Lizard is an important model system for understanding the role of visual ecology,phylogen...Reptiles are the most morphologically and physiologically diverse tetrapods,with the squamates having the most diverse habitats.Lizard is an important model system for understanding the role of visual ecology,phylogeny and behavior on the structure of visual systems.In this study,we compared three opsin genes(RH2,LWS and SWS1)among 49 reptile species to detect positively selected genes as well as amino acid sites.Our results indicated that visual opsin genes have undergone divergent selection pressures in all lizards and RH2 and LWS suffered stronger positive selection than SWS1.Twelve positively selected sites were picked out for RH2 and LWS.Moreover,many diagnostic sites were found between geckos and non-gecko lizards,most of which were located near the positively selected sites and some of them have already been reported to be responsible for significant shifts of the wavelength of maximum absorption(λ_(max)).The results indicated that the gecko lineage accelerated the evolution of these genes to adapt to the dim-light environment or nocturnality as well as the switch between nocturnality and diurnality.展开更多
The mountain-plains solenoid(MPS) and boundary-layer inertial oscillation(BLO) are two typical regional forcings at the diurnal time scale. Their relative role in regulating the diurnal variations of summer rainfall o...The mountain-plains solenoid(MPS) and boundary-layer inertial oscillation(BLO) are two typical regional forcings at the diurnal time scale. Their relative role in regulating the diurnal variations of summer rainfall over North China and their change under different monsoon conditions are studied using a 19-yr archive of satellite rainfall and reanalysis data. It is shown that both a strong MPS and BLO can increase nocturnal rainfall in the North China plains but exhibit evident regional differences. The MPS-induced nocturnal rainfall is relatively confined to the plains adjacent to mountains from late night to morning, due to the upward branch of the nighttime MPS. In contrast, the BLO-induced nocturnal rainfall strengthens from early evening and is more extensive in early morning over the open plains further east. The contrasting effect in the evening is related to the convergent(divergent) easterly anomaly in the plains under the BLO(MPS). The BLO also induces the relatively strong enhancement of moisture convergence and high humidity by the southerly anomaly at late night. On strong monsoon days, the nocturnal rainfall amount associated with the MPS and BLO increases considerably in the plains.Both regional forcings become effective in regulating the rainfall diurnal cycle with enhanced moisture convergence under monsoon conditions. Their induced diurnal amplitudes of moisture convergence can be comparable to the daily mean by monsoon flow. The regional forcings thus couple with monsoon flow to strengthen rainfall in the plains, particularly from late night to morning. The results highlight that a combination of regional and large-scale forcings can strongly regulate the warm-season climate.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the incidence of nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia(FD) and whether prokinetic drugs can alleviate them. METHODS:Eighty-five consecutive Chinese patients with FD were...AIM:To investigate the incidence of nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia(FD) and whether prokinetic drugs can alleviate them. METHODS:Eighty-five consecutive Chinese patients with FD were included in this study.One week after single-blinded placebo run-in treatment,baseline nocturnal intragastric pH,bile reflux and nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms of eligible patients,including epigastric pain or discomfort,abdominal distention and belching, were investigated with questionnaires.Patients exhibiting nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms were randomly and double-blindly assigned to domperidone group or placebo group.Nocturnal intragastric pH and percentage of duodenogastric bile reflux time were determined after treatment. RESULTS:Of the 85 FD patients,2 females withoutnocturnal symptoms,who responded to placebo run-in treatment,were excluded from the study,30(36.1%) exhibited nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms with increased duodenogastric bile reflux time(intragastric bilirubin absorbance>0.14)and mean gastric pH(confirming the existence of bile reflux)(P=0.021,0.023) at night were included in the study.Of these 30 patients,21(70%)had overt nocturnal duodenogastric bile reflux,which was significantly higher than that of those without nocturnal symptoms(P=0.026).The 30 patients were allocated to domperidone group or placebo group(n=15).The nocturnal duodenogastric bile reflux and gastric pH were significantly decreased after domperidone treatment(P=0.015,0.021).The severity score of nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms was also significantly decreased after domperidone treatment (P=0.010,0.015,0.026),which was positively correlated with the reduced nocturnal bile reflux or gastric pH(r=0.736,0.784,0.753 or r=0.679,0.715,0.697, P=0.039,0.036,0.037 or P=0.043,0.039,0.040). CONCLUSION:A subgroup of Chinese FD patients show overt nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms,which may be correlated with the excessive nocturnal duodenogastric bile reflux.Domperidone therapy can alleviate these symptoms.展开更多
The diurnal variation of precipitation over the Dabie Mountains(DBM) in eastern China during the 2013 mei-yu season is investigated with forecasts of a regional convection-permitting model. Simulated precipitation is ...The diurnal variation of precipitation over the Dabie Mountains(DBM) in eastern China during the 2013 mei-yu season is investigated with forecasts of a regional convection-permitting model. Simulated precipitation is verified against surface rain-gauge observations. The observed morning precipitation peak on the windward(relative to the prevailing synoptic-scale wind) side of the DBM is reproduced with good spatial and temporal accuracy. The interaction between the DBM and a nocturnal boundary layer low-level jet(BLJ) due to the inertial oscillation mechanism is shown to be responsible for this precipitation peak. The BLJ is aligned with the lower-level southwesterly synoptic-scale flow that carries abundant moisture.The BLJ core is established at around 0200 LST upwind of the mountains. It moves towards the DBM and reaches maximum intensity at about 70 km ahead of the mountains. When the BLJ impinges upon the windward side of the DBM in the early morning, mechanical lifting of moist air leads to condensation and subsequent precipitation.展开更多
Background:Water migration and use are important processes in trees.However,it is possible to overestimate transpiration by equating the water absorbed through the plant roots to that diffused back to the atmosphere t...Background:Water migration and use are important processes in trees.However,it is possible to overestimate transpiration by equating the water absorbed through the plant roots to that diffused back to the atmosphere through stomatal transpiration.Therefore,it is necessary to quantify the water transpired and stored in plants.Method:The δ^(2)H/δ^(18)O technique and heat ratio method were used to explore the water usage of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species,including the proportions of water used for transpiration and water storage.Results:Platycladus orientalis and Quercus variabilis had strong plasticity in their water usage from different sources.Platycladus orientalis primarily used groundwater(30.5%)and the 60-100-cm soil layer(21.6%)throughout the experimental period and was sensitive to precipitation,absorbing water from the 0-20-cm layer(26.6%)during the rainy season.Quercus variabilis absorbed water from all sources(15.7%-36.5%)except from the 40-60-cm soil layer during the dry season.In addition,it did not change its water source but increased its groundwater uptake during the rainy season.The annual mean water fluxes of P.orientalis and Q.variabilis were 374.69 and 469.50 mm·year−1,with 93.49% and 93.91% of the water used for transpiration,respectively.However,nocturnal sap flow in P.orientalis and Q.variabilis was mainly used for water storage in the trunk rather than transpiration,which effectively alleviated drought stress and facilitated the transport of nutrients.Conclusions:The water stored in both species comprised 6%-7% of the total water fluxes and,therefore,should be considered in water balance models.展开更多
The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella （Lepidoptera： Gelechiidae） is one of the most serious lepidopteran pests of cotton in the world. This pest invaded China at the onset of the 20th century, possibly throug...The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella （Lepidoptera： Gelechiidae） is one of the most serious lepidopteran pests of cotton in the world. This pest invaded China at the onset of the 20th century, possibly through repeated introductions from several different locations worldwide. In this paper, we describe different behavioral parameters of this Hubei P. gossypiella strain under laboratory and field conditions. Using an infra-red video recorder, we observed （nocturnal） emergence, flight and mating activities, and oviposition patterns. Moth emergence started from 13：00 and continued up till 23：00. Under laboratory and field conditions, 2-7-d-old moths initiated flight around sunset, peaked 50 rain later and gradually declined until 04：00. Although mating started immediately after darkness （i.e., 20：00）, mating behavior was most intense from 23：00 to 03：40. Oviposition also showed distinct time-related patterns, with approx. 70% eggs laid between 20：00 and 22：00. In the studies of the relationship between flight and oviposition, the duration of flight had an effect on oviposition. The 1-d-old moths flown for 6 and 12 h began oviposition earlier than the unflown ones, and the 6-h flight had no effect on the egg production. However, the longevity of the flown moths was shortened after flight. In addition, the peaks of oviposition for the flown moths were advanced 2-3 d. The age when the moths flied affected the oviposition of adult moths. The earlier the moths started to fly after emergence, the greater the fecundity they had. The average egg production of moths flown for 24 h was less than that of non-flown moths which were of the same age. Both flight and delay in mating could advance the oviposition peak. Our study provides detailed insights in nocturnal activities and the reproductive biology of local P. gossypiella populations, which could be employed to fine-tune current pest management programs in China.展开更多
Nocturnal enuresis often causes considerable distress or functional impairment to patient and their parents necessitating a multidisciplinary approach from paediatrician, paediatric nephrologist, urologists and psychi...Nocturnal enuresis often causes considerable distress or functional impairment to patient and their parents necessitating a multidisciplinary approach from paediatrician, paediatric nephrologist, urologists and psychiatrist. Mechanisms of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis are mainly nocturnal polyuria, bladder overactivity and failure to awaken from sleep in response to bladder sensations. Goal oriented and etiology wise treatment includes simple behavioral intervention, conditioning alarm regimen and pharmacotherapy with desmopressin, imipramine and anticholinergic drugs. Symptoms often recurs requiring change over or combination of different modes of treatment.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a highly prevalent condition affecting about 347 million people worldwide. In addition to its numerous clinical implications, DM also exerts a negative effect on patient's sleep quality.Im...Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a highly prevalent condition affecting about 347 million people worldwide. In addition to its numerous clinical implications, DM also exerts a negative effect on patient's sleep quality.Impaired sleep quality disrupts the adequate glycemic control regarded as corner stone in DM management and also lead to many deleterious effects causing a profound impact on health related quality of life. This article outlines various factors leading to impaired sleep quality among diabetics and delineates how individual factor influences sleep. The article also discusses potential interventions and lifestyle changes to promote healthy sleep among diabetics.展开更多
Objective:To detect the CHRNA7 gene mutation and polymorphism in Southern Han Chinese patients with nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy(NFLE).Methods:Blood samples were collected from 215 Southern Han Chinese patients wit...Objective:To detect the CHRNA7 gene mutation and polymorphism in Southern Han Chinese patients with nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy(NFLE).Methods:Blood samples were collected from 215 Southern Han Chinese patients with NFLE and 200 healthy Southern Han Chinese control subjects.Genomic DNA was extracted,and CHRNA7 whole genome exons were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and subjected to Sanger sequencing.Results:No CHRNA7 gene mutation was detected in all of the NFLE patients.However,five single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in sporadic cases were found,located in exons 5,6.and 7 of the CHRNA7 gene.Among them,c.690G>A and c.698A>G are known SNPs,while c.370G>A,c.654C>T,and c.497-498delTG were newly discovered SNPs.These SNPs were also found in some of the healthy controls.Conclusions:No CHRNA7 gene mutation was identified in Southern Han Chinese patients with NFLE.The CHRNA7 gene is probably not responsible for NFLE in this population.展开更多
The possible relationship between lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia,apnea and daytime sleepiness,especially the possible relationship between the occurrence and progression of lung cancer and obstructive ...The possible relationship between lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia,apnea and daytime sleepiness,especially the possible relationship between the occurrence and progression of lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was explored.Forty-five cases of primary lung cancer suitable for surgical resection at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2017 and December 2017 were recruited (lung cancer group),and there were 45 patients in the control group who had no significant differences in age,sex and other general data from lung cancer group.The analyzed covariates included general situation,snore score,the Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),apnea and hypopneas index (AHI),oxygen desaturation index 4 (ODk),lowest arterial oxygen saturation [LSpCh (%)],oxygen below 90% of the time [T90%(min)],the percentage of the total recorded time spend below 90% oxygen saturation (TS90%),to explore the possible relationship between lung cancer and above indicators.The participants were followed up for one year.The results showed that:(1) There was significant difference in body mass index (BMI),ESS,AHI,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh,snore score and LSpCh (%) between lung cancer group and control group (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in age,gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD),and smoking history between the two groups (P>0.05);(2) Patients in the lung cancer group were divided into OSAS subgroup and non- OSAS subgroup according to the international standard for the diagnosis of OSAS.There was significant difference in BMI,age,staging,incidence of concurrent hypertension and concurrent CHD,snore score,ESS score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and LSpCh (%) between OSAS subgroup and non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent diabetes,smoking history and lung cancer type between the two groups (P>0.05);(3) AHI was strongly negatively correlated with the LSpCh (%) and positively with ESS,staging,snoring score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and BMI (P<0.05);(4) There were 3 deaths,5 cases of recurrence,and 4 cases of metastasis in OSAS subgroup;and there was 1 death,4 cases of recurrence and 2 cases of metastasis in non-OSAS subgroup during the follow-up period of one year,respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality,recurrence rate and metastasis rate between the two subgroups,and the total rate of deterioration in OSAS subgroup was significantly increased compared to the non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).It was concluded that the patients with lung cancer are prone to nocturnal hypoxemia,apnea,snoring and daytime sleepiness compared to control group.The incidence of OSAS in patients with lung cancer was higher,and the difference in the hypoxemia-related indicators was statistically significant.The mortality,recurrence rate,and metastasis rate increases in lung cancer patients with OSAS during the one-year follow-up period,suggesting that OSAS may be a contributing factor to the occurrence and progression of lung cancer.展开更多
Sleep and epilepsy are two well recognized conditions that interact with each other in a complex bi-directional way. Some types of epilepsies have increased activity during sleep disturbing it; while sleep deprivation...Sleep and epilepsy are two well recognized conditions that interact with each other in a complex bi-directional way. Some types of epilepsies have increased activity during sleep disturbing it; while sleep deprivation aggravates epilepsy due to decreased seizure threshold. Epilepsy can deteriorate the sleep-related disorders and at the same time; the parasomnias can worsen the epilepsy. The secretion of sleep-related hormones can also be affected by the occurrence of seizures and supplementation of epileptic patients with some of these sleep-related hormones may have a beneficial role in controlling epilepsy.展开更多
基金supported by the Department of Science and Technology,Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research,India(Grant No.DST/INSPIRE/04/2022/003192)the Ad-RICCE Project,India(Grant No.IC-12012(12)/2/2022-ICD-DBT)the Dutch Research Council,the Netherlands(Grant No.482.20.202).
文摘High epicuticular wax(Ewax)content on leaves is a key trait for drought and heat stress tolerance in plants.One hundred diverse rice germplasm lines from the 3K-IRRI collection were screened for leaf Ewax content under open field conditions during the monsoon season of 2023,and for their nocturnal transpiration during the summer season of 2024.Using a novel drought-simulator phenomics platform,we identified a balance between cuticular and stomatal transpiration at night,with wax modulating these processes under varying night temperatures.
基金supported by the NSFC (42374204, 42004143,42364012)the Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.YSBR-018)+3 种基金the Scientific Projects of Hainan Province(KJRC2023C05, ZDYF2021GXJS040)the Innovational Fund for Scientific and Technological Personnel of Hainan Provincethe Chinese Meridian ProjectPandeng Program of National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Physical and chemical processes observed in the mesosphere and thermosphere above the Earth’s low latitudes are complex and highly interrelated to activity in the low-latitude ionosphere.Metallic sodium detected by lidar can yield clues to dynamic and chemical processes in these spatial layers above the Earth’s atmosphere.This paper is based on sodium layer data collected at two low-latitude stations,one in the northern hemisphere and one in the southern.The low-latitude sodium layer exhibits conspicuous seasonal variations in shape,density,and altitude;these variations are similar between Earth’s hemispheres:sodium layer density at both stations reaches its seasonal maximum in autumn and minimum in summer.However,maximal Na density over Brazil is greater than that over Hainan.Nocturnal variations of Na density above the two low-latitude stations are also similar;at both,maxima are observed before sunrise.Some variations of the Na layer over Brazil that differ from those observed in the northern hemisphere may be related to the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly(SAMA)or fountain effect.We suggest that low-latitude Na layer data may provide useful additional evidence that could significantly improve the low-latitude part of the WACCM-Na model.
基金funded by LPPM,RKAT funds of Sebelas Maret University for the 2025 Fiscal Year through the Research Capacity Strengthening Research Group(PKGR-UNS)B grant number[371/UN27.22/PT.01.03/2025]SwaraOwa grant number[008-24].
文摘The Javan slow loris(Nycticebus javanicus)is a primate endemic to Java Island,Indonesia.Its conservation status has been categorized by IUCN as Critically Endangered,and it is included in Appendix I of CITES.Current population status and distribution remain unrecorded.The research was conducted in Mendolo Forest,Pekalongan Regency,Central Java Province,Indonesia,to estimate population size and distribution patterns.Data collection occurred September 15–19,2024,using line transect methodology with spotlighting and GPS mapping.The transect locations are in each hamlet of Mendolo Village,namely Sawahan Hamlet with two transects,Mendolo Kulon Hamlet with four transects,Mendolo Wetan Hamlet with two transects,and Krandegan Hamlet with one transect.Data collection on javan slow loris in Mendolo Forest began at 7:30 p.m.to 12 a.m.We identified 8 individuals exhibiting semi-solitary behavior.Javan slow loris in Mendolo Forest are distributed across 3 hamlets,with 3 individuals in Sawahan Hamlet,4 individuals in Mendolo Kulon Hamlet,and 1 individual in Krandegan Hamlet.The population density of Javan slow loris in Mendolo Forest is 18.35 individuals/km2,with the highest density found in Krandegan Hamlet at 33.3 individuals/km²and the lowest in Mendolo Wetan Hamlet at 0 individuals/km2.The estimated population of Javan slow loris in Mendolo Forest is 21.9 individuals.These findings provide crucial baseline data for conservation management of Javan slow loris populations in Java.
文摘This editorial explores the significant cardiometabolic outcomes of nocturnal sentry duty and its broader implications for other professions with overnight work.Highlighting the paradox of essential nighttime labor and its adverse physiological effects,we discuss how occupations like healthcare,hospitality,and emergency services are similarly affected.The study by Lin et al provides critical insights into these dynamics and lays the groundwork for understanding nocturnal duty’s multifaceted impact on human health.
文摘Objective:To explore the correlation between night ECG parameters and sleep quality in elderly patients with atrial premature beat(PAC).Methods:A total of 307 elderly patients with PAC were selected from March 2022 to March 2024.The parameters of room morning load and heart rate variability(HRV)at night(22:00-6:00)were collected by 24h holter electrocardiogram,and the sleep quality of PAC patients was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the correlation between night ECG parameters and sleep quality.Results:The incidence of sleep disorder in 307 elderly PAC patients was 62.54%.Univariate analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences in gender,BMI and education level(P>0.05),but there were statistically significant differences in age,disease course,underlying diseases,atrial morning load,SDNN,RMSSD,LF,HF,LF/HF and TP(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that atrial morning load,SDNN,RMSSD,LF and LF/HF were independent influencing factors of sleep disorder in elderly PAC patients(P<0.05).Patients with sleep disorders were divided into mild group,moderate group and severe group according to PSQI score,and there were statistically significant differences in the indexes of atrial morning load,SDNN,LF,LF/HF and TP among the three groups(all P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that room morning load,LF,LF/HF and TP were positively correlated with the degree of sleep disorder,while SDNN parameters were negatively correlated with the degree of sleep disorder(all P<0.05).Conclusion:There is a significant correlation between night ECG parameters and sleep disorders in elderly patients with PAC.It is possible to prevent and treat sleep disorders by monitoring ECG abnormalities and improve the reliability of treatment.
基金Supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-RS-2023-00237287.
文摘This article examines the study by Lin et al,which explores the effects of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel.The research identifies significant correlations between the frequency of night shifts and nega-tive cardiometabolic outcomes,such as elevated resting pulse rates and lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.These outcomes underscore the health risks linked to partial sleep deprivation,a common challenge in military environments.The editorial highlights the clinical significance of these findings,advocating for the implementation of targeted health interventions to mitigate these risks.Strategies such as structured sleep recovery programs and lifestyle modifications are recommended to improve the health management of military personnel engaged in nocturnal duties.By addressing these issues,military health management can better safeguard the well-being and operational readiness of its personnel.
文摘Bruxism, characterized by involuntary clenching or grinding of teeth, affects approximately 10% - 20% of adults globally and has significant implications for dental and systemic health. Emerging AI-driven diagnostic tools have demonstrated a 25% improvement in identifying nocturnal bruxism compared to conventional methods. This study explores the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment modalities of bruxism, integrating cutting-edge advancements like neuromodulation and personalized medicine. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors and access disparities are analyzed to propose comprehensive strategies for improving patient outcomes. Current management strategies include behavioral therapies, orthodontic appliances, pharmacological interventions, physical therapy, and, in severe cases, surgical options. Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, and neuromodulation, are highlighted as promising advancements in bruxism diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, the study underscores the socioeconomic and ethical dimensions of bruxism care, advocating for interdisciplinary collaboration, patient education, and equitable access to innovative treatments. This research aims to contribute to improved understanding and management of bruxism, enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.
文摘Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hemo-lytic disease in which there is a stem cell disorder of clonal nature. Previous studies have demonstrated that the numbers of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units-granulocyte / macrophage (CFU-GM) from bone marrow of PNH patients growing in the medium containing PHA-LCM from the normai donors were more reduced than those of normai bone marrow. The purpose of present study was to investigate if PNH lymphocytes are defective in supporting hematopoiesis in vitro. PHA-LCM from PNH blood was added to the culture medium for the growth of PNH and normai BFU-E and CFU-GM. The numbers of PNH bone marrow BFU-E and CFU-GM in the medium containing PHA-LCM from PNH blood were less than those from normai blood; the numbers of normai bone marrow BFU-E and CFU-GM grown in the medium containing PHA-LCM from PNH blood were more decreased than those from normai blood. The results suggest that diminished numbers of PNH bone marrovv BFU-
基金Financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.31672269,31000949 to J.YAN)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(19KJA330001 to P.LI)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)Top-Notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(TAPP,PPZY2015B117)。
文摘Reptiles are the most morphologically and physiologically diverse tetrapods,with the squamates having the most diverse habitats.Lizard is an important model system for understanding the role of visual ecology,phylogeny and behavior on the structure of visual systems.In this study,we compared three opsin genes(RH2,LWS and SWS1)among 49 reptile species to detect positively selected genes as well as amino acid sites.Our results indicated that visual opsin genes have undergone divergent selection pressures in all lizards and RH2 and LWS suffered stronger positive selection than SWS1.Twelve positively selected sites were picked out for RH2 and LWS.Moreover,many diagnostic sites were found between geckos and non-gecko lizards,most of which were located near the positively selected sites and some of them have already been reported to be responsible for significant shifts of the wavelength of maximum absorption(λ_(max)).The results indicated that the gecko lineage accelerated the evolution of these genes to adapt to the dim-light environment or nocturnality as well as the switch between nocturnality and diurnality.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0600704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41575068 and 41530530)
文摘The mountain-plains solenoid(MPS) and boundary-layer inertial oscillation(BLO) are two typical regional forcings at the diurnal time scale. Their relative role in regulating the diurnal variations of summer rainfall over North China and their change under different monsoon conditions are studied using a 19-yr archive of satellite rainfall and reanalysis data. It is shown that both a strong MPS and BLO can increase nocturnal rainfall in the North China plains but exhibit evident regional differences. The MPS-induced nocturnal rainfall is relatively confined to the plains adjacent to mountains from late night to morning, due to the upward branch of the nighttime MPS. In contrast, the BLO-induced nocturnal rainfall strengthens from early evening and is more extensive in early morning over the open plains further east. The contrasting effect in the evening is related to the convergent(divergent) easterly anomaly in the plains under the BLO(MPS). The BLO also induces the relatively strong enhancement of moisture convergence and high humidity by the southerly anomaly at late night. On strong monsoon days, the nocturnal rainfall amount associated with the MPS and BLO increases considerably in the plains.Both regional forcings become effective in regulating the rainfall diurnal cycle with enhanced moisture convergence under monsoon conditions. Their induced diurnal amplitudes of moisture convergence can be comparable to the daily mean by monsoon flow. The regional forcings thus couple with monsoon flow to strengthen rainfall in the plains, particularly from late night to morning. The results highlight that a combination of regional and large-scale forcings can strongly regulate the warm-season climate.
基金Supported by Project of the National Key Technology R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period,No.2007BAI04B01Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project,No.Y0205
文摘AIM:To investigate the incidence of nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia(FD) and whether prokinetic drugs can alleviate them. METHODS:Eighty-five consecutive Chinese patients with FD were included in this study.One week after single-blinded placebo run-in treatment,baseline nocturnal intragastric pH,bile reflux and nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms of eligible patients,including epigastric pain or discomfort,abdominal distention and belching, were investigated with questionnaires.Patients exhibiting nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms were randomly and double-blindly assigned to domperidone group or placebo group.Nocturnal intragastric pH and percentage of duodenogastric bile reflux time were determined after treatment. RESULTS:Of the 85 FD patients,2 females withoutnocturnal symptoms,who responded to placebo run-in treatment,were excluded from the study,30(36.1%) exhibited nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms with increased duodenogastric bile reflux time(intragastric bilirubin absorbance>0.14)and mean gastric pH(confirming the existence of bile reflux)(P=0.021,0.023) at night were included in the study.Of these 30 patients,21(70%)had overt nocturnal duodenogastric bile reflux,which was significantly higher than that of those without nocturnal symptoms(P=0.026).The 30 patients were allocated to domperidone group or placebo group(n=15).The nocturnal duodenogastric bile reflux and gastric pH were significantly decreased after domperidone treatment(P=0.015,0.021).The severity score of nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms was also significantly decreased after domperidone treatment (P=0.010,0.015,0.026),which was positively correlated with the reduced nocturnal bile reflux or gastric pH(r=0.736,0.784,0.753 or r=0.679,0.715,0.697, P=0.039,0.036,0.037 or P=0.043,0.039,0.040). CONCLUSION:A subgroup of Chinese FD patients show overt nocturnal dyspeptic symptoms,which may be correlated with the excessive nocturnal duodenogastric bile reflux.Domperidone therapy can alleviate these symptoms.
基金supported by the Special Foundation of the China Meteorological Administration (Grant No.GYHY201506006)supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41405100,41322032 and 41275031)
文摘The diurnal variation of precipitation over the Dabie Mountains(DBM) in eastern China during the 2013 mei-yu season is investigated with forecasts of a regional convection-permitting model. Simulated precipitation is verified against surface rain-gauge observations. The observed morning precipitation peak on the windward(relative to the prevailing synoptic-scale wind) side of the DBM is reproduced with good spatial and temporal accuracy. The interaction between the DBM and a nocturnal boundary layer low-level jet(BLJ) due to the inertial oscillation mechanism is shown to be responsible for this precipitation peak. The BLJ is aligned with the lower-level southwesterly synoptic-scale flow that carries abundant moisture.The BLJ core is established at around 0200 LST upwind of the mountains. It moves towards the DBM and reaches maximum intensity at about 70 km ahead of the mountains. When the BLJ impinges upon the windward side of the DBM in the early morning, mechanical lifting of moist air leads to condensation and subsequent precipitation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42007182)the self made experimental teaching instruments of Nanjing Forestry University in 2021(nlzzyq202127).
文摘Background:Water migration and use are important processes in trees.However,it is possible to overestimate transpiration by equating the water absorbed through the plant roots to that diffused back to the atmosphere through stomatal transpiration.Therefore,it is necessary to quantify the water transpired and stored in plants.Method:The δ^(2)H/δ^(18)O technique and heat ratio method were used to explore the water usage of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species,including the proportions of water used for transpiration and water storage.Results:Platycladus orientalis and Quercus variabilis had strong plasticity in their water usage from different sources.Platycladus orientalis primarily used groundwater(30.5%)and the 60-100-cm soil layer(21.6%)throughout the experimental period and was sensitive to precipitation,absorbing water from the 0-20-cm layer(26.6%)during the rainy season.Quercus variabilis absorbed water from all sources(15.7%-36.5%)except from the 40-60-cm soil layer during the dry season.In addition,it did not change its water source but increased its groundwater uptake during the rainy season.The annual mean water fluxes of P.orientalis and Q.variabilis were 374.69 and 469.50 mm·year−1,with 93.49% and 93.91% of the water used for transpiration,respectively.However,nocturnal sap flow in P.orientalis and Q.variabilis was mainly used for water storage in the trunk rather than transpiration,which effectively alleviated drought stress and facilitated the transport of nutrients.Conclusions:The water stored in both species comprised 6%-7% of the total water fluxes and,therefore,should be considered in water balance models.
基金supported by the National 973 Programof China (2006CB102004)the Key Project for Breeding Genetic Modified Organisms (2008ZX08012-004) of the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (2008ZX08012-004)
文摘The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella （Lepidoptera： Gelechiidae） is one of the most serious lepidopteran pests of cotton in the world. This pest invaded China at the onset of the 20th century, possibly through repeated introductions from several different locations worldwide. In this paper, we describe different behavioral parameters of this Hubei P. gossypiella strain under laboratory and field conditions. Using an infra-red video recorder, we observed （nocturnal） emergence, flight and mating activities, and oviposition patterns. Moth emergence started from 13：00 and continued up till 23：00. Under laboratory and field conditions, 2-7-d-old moths initiated flight around sunset, peaked 50 rain later and gradually declined until 04：00. Although mating started immediately after darkness （i.e., 20：00）, mating behavior was most intense from 23：00 to 03：40. Oviposition also showed distinct time-related patterns, with approx. 70% eggs laid between 20：00 and 22：00. In the studies of the relationship between flight and oviposition, the duration of flight had an effect on oviposition. The 1-d-old moths flown for 6 and 12 h began oviposition earlier than the unflown ones, and the 6-h flight had no effect on the egg production. However, the longevity of the flown moths was shortened after flight. In addition, the peaks of oviposition for the flown moths were advanced 2-3 d. The age when the moths flied affected the oviposition of adult moths. The earlier the moths started to fly after emergence, the greater the fecundity they had. The average egg production of moths flown for 24 h was less than that of non-flown moths which were of the same age. Both flight and delay in mating could advance the oviposition peak. Our study provides detailed insights in nocturnal activities and the reproductive biology of local P. gossypiella populations, which could be employed to fine-tune current pest management programs in China.
文摘Nocturnal enuresis often causes considerable distress or functional impairment to patient and their parents necessitating a multidisciplinary approach from paediatrician, paediatric nephrologist, urologists and psychiatrist. Mechanisms of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis are mainly nocturnal polyuria, bladder overactivity and failure to awaken from sleep in response to bladder sensations. Goal oriented and etiology wise treatment includes simple behavioral intervention, conditioning alarm regimen and pharmacotherapy with desmopressin, imipramine and anticholinergic drugs. Symptoms often recurs requiring change over or combination of different modes of treatment.
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM) is a highly prevalent condition affecting about 347 million people worldwide. In addition to its numerous clinical implications, DM also exerts a negative effect on patient's sleep quality.Impaired sleep quality disrupts the adequate glycemic control regarded as corner stone in DM management and also lead to many deleterious effects causing a profound impact on health related quality of life. This article outlines various factors leading to impaired sleep quality among diabetics and delineates how individual factor influences sleep. The article also discusses potential interventions and lifestyle changes to promote healthy sleep among diabetics.
基金supported by 2010 National Nature Science Foundation of China General Program(Program NO.8107I046)2012 Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program of China(Program NO.2012B032000009)2013 Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Program of China(Program NO.2013B022000004)
文摘Objective:To detect the CHRNA7 gene mutation and polymorphism in Southern Han Chinese patients with nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy(NFLE).Methods:Blood samples were collected from 215 Southern Han Chinese patients with NFLE and 200 healthy Southern Han Chinese control subjects.Genomic DNA was extracted,and CHRNA7 whole genome exons were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and subjected to Sanger sequencing.Results:No CHRNA7 gene mutation was detected in all of the NFLE patients.However,five single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in sporadic cases were found,located in exons 5,6.and 7 of the CHRNA7 gene.Among them,c.690G>A and c.698A>G are known SNPs,while c.370G>A,c.654C>T,and c.497-498delTG were newly discovered SNPs.These SNPs were also found in some of the healthy controls.Conclusions:No CHRNA7 gene mutation was identified in Southern Han Chinese patients with NFLE.The CHRNA7 gene is probably not responsible for NFLE in this population.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81300064).
文摘The possible relationship between lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia,apnea and daytime sleepiness,especially the possible relationship between the occurrence and progression of lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was explored.Forty-five cases of primary lung cancer suitable for surgical resection at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2017 and December 2017 were recruited (lung cancer group),and there were 45 patients in the control group who had no significant differences in age,sex and other general data from lung cancer group.The analyzed covariates included general situation,snore score,the Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),apnea and hypopneas index (AHI),oxygen desaturation index 4 (ODk),lowest arterial oxygen saturation [LSpCh (%)],oxygen below 90% of the time [T90%(min)],the percentage of the total recorded time spend below 90% oxygen saturation (TS90%),to explore the possible relationship between lung cancer and above indicators.The participants were followed up for one year.The results showed that:(1) There was significant difference in body mass index (BMI),ESS,AHI,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh,snore score and LSpCh (%) between lung cancer group and control group (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in age,gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD),and smoking history between the two groups (P>0.05);(2) Patients in the lung cancer group were divided into OSAS subgroup and non- OSAS subgroup according to the international standard for the diagnosis of OSAS.There was significant difference in BMI,age,staging,incidence of concurrent hypertension and concurrent CHD,snore score,ESS score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and LSpCh (%) between OSAS subgroup and non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent diabetes,smoking history and lung cancer type between the two groups (P>0.05);(3) AHI was strongly negatively correlated with the LSpCh (%) and positively with ESS,staging,snoring score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and BMI (P<0.05);(4) There were 3 deaths,5 cases of recurrence,and 4 cases of metastasis in OSAS subgroup;and there was 1 death,4 cases of recurrence and 2 cases of metastasis in non-OSAS subgroup during the follow-up period of one year,respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality,recurrence rate and metastasis rate between the two subgroups,and the total rate of deterioration in OSAS subgroup was significantly increased compared to the non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).It was concluded that the patients with lung cancer are prone to nocturnal hypoxemia,apnea,snoring and daytime sleepiness compared to control group.The incidence of OSAS in patients with lung cancer was higher,and the difference in the hypoxemia-related indicators was statistically significant.The mortality,recurrence rate,and metastasis rate increases in lung cancer patients with OSAS during the one-year follow-up period,suggesting that OSAS may be a contributing factor to the occurrence and progression of lung cancer.
文摘Sleep and epilepsy are two well recognized conditions that interact with each other in a complex bi-directional way. Some types of epilepsies have increased activity during sleep disturbing it; while sleep deprivation aggravates epilepsy due to decreased seizure threshold. Epilepsy can deteriorate the sleep-related disorders and at the same time; the parasomnias can worsen the epilepsy. The secretion of sleep-related hormones can also be affected by the occurrence of seizures and supplementation of epileptic patients with some of these sleep-related hormones may have a beneficial role in controlling epilepsy.
