Ytterbium(Yb)-based mode-locked fiber lasers have undergone significant development and found widespread applications owing to their high efficiency,compact size,and low cost.However,these lasers typically operate wit...Ytterbium(Yb)-based mode-locked fiber lasers have undergone significant development and found widespread applications owing to their high efficiency,compact size,and low cost.However,these lasers typically operate within the 1030 to 1080 nm range,and expanding their operational wavelength is crucial for applications across various fields.We present the direct generation of a mode-locked laser at 1120.06 nm using an all-polarization-maintaining structure,establishing the longest wavelength reported to date for Yb-doped fiber-based mode-locked lasers.A stable picosecond pulse laser at 1120 nm was realized by combining high-concentration Yb-doping and phase-biasing technology within a figure-9 cavity configuration.The laser delivers a pulse duration of 6.20 ps,a spectral width of 0.19 nm centered at 1120.06 nm,and a repetition rate of 21.52 MHz and reaches a maximum output power of 1.39 W via a double-cladding Yb fiber power amplifier in a master oscillator power amplifier configuration.Furthermore,we present a theoretical investigation of the laser performance,with simulation results aligning well with experimental findings.In addition,a 560.06-nm ultrafast yellow-green laser was generated through frequency doubling in a lithium triborate crystal.We present an approach for long-wavelength Yb-doped mode-locked lasers,with the potential to advance the development and application of Yb-based fiber lasers.展开更多
Emerging two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors are among the most promising materials for ultra-scaled transistors due to their intrinsic atomic-level thickness.As the stacking process advances,the complexity and cost of ...Emerging two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors are among the most promising materials for ultra-scaled transistors due to their intrinsic atomic-level thickness.As the stacking process advances,the complexity and cost of nanosheet field-effect transistors(NSFETs)and complementary FET(CFET)continue to rise.The 1 nm technology node is going to be based on Si-CFET process according to international roadmap for devices and systems(IRDS)(2022,https://irds.ieee.org/),but not publicly confirmed,indicating that more possibilities still exist.The miniaturization advantage of 2D semiconductors motivates us to explore their potential for reducing process costs while matching the performance of next-generation nodes in terms of area,power consumption and speed.In this study,a comprehensive framework is built.A set of MoS2 NSFETs were designed and fabricated to extract the key parameters and performances.And then for benchmarking,the sizes of 2D-NSFET are scaled to a extent that both of the Si-CFET and 2D-NSFET have the same average device footprint.Under these conditions,the frequency of ultra-scaled 2D-NSFET is found to improve by 36%at a fixed power consumption.This work verifies the feasibility of replacing silicon-based CFETs of 1 nm node with 2D-NSFETs and proposes a 2D technology solution for 1 nm nodes,i.e.,“2D eq 1 nm”nodes.At the same time,thanks to the lower characteristic length of 2D semiconductors,the miniaturized 2D-NSFET achieves a 28%frequency increase at a fixed power consumption.Further,developing a standard cell library,these devices obtain a similar trend in 16-bit RISC-V CPUs.This work quantifies and highlights the advantages of 2D semiconductors in advanced nodes,offering new possibilities for the application of 2D semiconductors in high-speed and low-power integrated circuits.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:191 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01702-7 Following the publication of the original article[1],the authors reported an error in Fig.3(b),and the figure legend was reversed...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:191 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01702-7 Following the publication of the original article[1],the authors reported an error in Fig.3(b),and the figure legend was reversed.The correct Fig.3 has been provided in this orrection.展开更多
Lactic acid bacteria and the fermentation environment interact to form an intertwined system.Lactic acid bacteria are constantly evolving to adapt to different fermentation environments,causing changes in their physio...Lactic acid bacteria and the fermentation environment interact to form an intertwined system.Lactic acid bacteria are constantly evolving to adapt to different fermentation environments,causing changes in their physiological processes.To achieve a targeted improvement of their adaptability to various environments,a detail analysis of their evolutionary physiological processes is required.While several studies have been carried out in the past by using single-omics techniques to investigate their response to environmental stress,most researchers are now using a multi-omics approach to explore more detail in the biological regulatory networks and molecular mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria in response to environmental stress,thereby overcoming the limitations of single-omics analysis.In this review,we describe the various single-omics approaches that have been used to study environmental stress in lactic acid bacteria,present the advantages of various multi-omics combined analysis approaches,and discuss the potential and practicality of applying emerging single-cell transcriptomics and single-cell metabolomics techniques to the molecular mechanism study of microbes response to environmental stress.Multi-omics approaches enable the accurate identification of complex microbial physiological processes in different environments,allow people to comprehensively reveal the molecular mechanisms of microbes response to stress from different perspectives.Single-cell omics techniques,analyze the targeted regulation of microbial functions in a multi-dimensional space,provides a new perspective on understanding microbes responses environment stress.展开更多
Along with NOR flash cell scaling down,dielectric burnout has gradually become one of the most important factors which affects product reliability,especially for high dropout voltage films.In this study,we demonstrate...Along with NOR flash cell scaling down,dielectric burnout has gradually become one of the most important factors which affects product reliability,especially for high dropout voltage films.In this study,we demonstrate a reliability-enhanced NOR flash cell in 50 nm node technology through structural optimization of floating gate(FG)dimensions and active area profile.By synergistically increasing FG thickness,reducing FG width,and tuning cell-open depth,the control gate-to-active area corner distance expands by 22%,suppressing peak electric fields by 29%vertically and 18%horizontally.This structural innovation achieves:(1)100×reduction in early-cycle burnout failures,(2)7.38×time dependent dielectric breakdown lifetime improve-ment,while maintaining data retention and accelerating programming/erasing speeds by 15.4%/7.3%.The enhanced reliability enables 97.5%reduction in Fowler−Nordheim stress time during characterization program testing,providing a cost-effective solution for automotive-grade flash memories.展开更多
With the rapid development of drone technology,drones are increasingly used in urban environments,but they also bring many security risks,such as illegal reconnaissance,smuggling,and terrorist attacks.Therefore,it is ...With the rapid development of drone technology,drones are increasingly used in urban environments,but they also bring many security risks,such as illegal reconnaissance,smuggling,and terrorist attacks.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the anti-UAV technology in the urban environment.This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies and their applicability in the urban environment from the aspects of UAV detection,identification,and countermeasures,and discusses the future development trend of anti-UAV technology,aiming to provide a reference for urban safety protection.展开更多
Marine environmental monitoring and data platform technology plays a pivotal role in advancing marine scientific research,sustainable resource development,ecological conservation,and the effective utilization of ocean...Marine environmental monitoring and data platform technology plays a pivotal role in advancing marine scientific research,sustainable resource development,ecological conservation,and the effective utilization of ocean resources.Despite its growing importance in addressing global environmental and economic challenges,a comprehensive and systematic review of recent advancements in this field remains lacking.To address this gap,this paper synthesizes and analyzes academic literature published between 2021 and 2025,sourced from reputable databases including Scopus and Web of Science,while adhering to the PRISMA systematic review standards.It delineates core technologies employed in marine environmental monitoring,such as advanced sensor systems,robust data acquisition and transmission methods,and innovative data processing and analysis techniques.Furthermore,the study examines the architectural functionalities,data sharing mechanisms,and interoperability standards that underpin modern marine data platforms.The paper also addresses critical technical challenges encountered in deep-water monitoring operations,including equipment durability under extreme conditions,significant economic constraints,data management complexities,and emerging privacy and security concerns.Finally,future development trajectories are outlined,emphasizing the transformative potential of novel materials and artificial intelligence(AI)in enhancing deep-water monitoring capabilities,alongside the urgent need for strengthened global collaboration to improve data sharing protocols and management frameworks.Collectively,the continuous evolution of marine monitoring technologies promises to provide increasingly intelligent,integrated,and systematic support for global marine protection efforts and sustainable resource stewardship.展开更多
Ensuring a sustainable and eco-friendly environment is essential for promoting a healthy and balanced social life.However,decision-making in such contexts often involves handling vague,imprecise,and uncertain informat...Ensuring a sustainable and eco-friendly environment is essential for promoting a healthy and balanced social life.However,decision-making in such contexts often involves handling vague,imprecise,and uncertain information.To address this challenge,this study presents a novel multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)approach based on picture fuzzy hypersoft sets(PFHSS),integrating the flexibility of Schweizer-Sklar triangular norm-based aggregation operators.The proposed aggregation mechanisms—weighted average and weighted geometric operators—are formulated using newly defined operational laws under the PFHSS framework and are proven to satisfy essential mathematical properties,such as idempotency,monotonicity,and boundedness.The decision-making model system-atically incorporates both benefit and cost-type criteria,enabling more nuanced evaluations in complex social or environmental decision problems.To enhance interpretability and practical relevance,the study conducts a sensitivity analysis on the Schweizer-Sklar parameter(Δ).The results show that varyingΔaffects the strictness of aggregation,thereby influencing the ranking stability of alternatives.A comparative analysis with existing fuzzy and hypersoft-based MCDM methods confirms the robustness,expressiveness,and adaptability of the proposed approach.Notably,the use of picture fuzzy sets allows for the inclusion of positive,neutral,and negative memberships,offering a richer representation of expert opinions compared to traditional models.A case study focused on green technology adoption for environmental sustainability illustrates the real-world applicability of the proposed method.The analysis confirms that the approach yields consistent and interpretable results,even under varying degrees of decision uncertainty.Overall,this work contributes an efficient and flexible MCDM tool that can support decision-makers in formulating policies aligned with sustainable and socially responsible outcomes.展开更多
This research analyzes the effects of various environmental regulatory strategies on ecological technology diffusion efficiency(ETDE)across 30 Chinese provinces.It explores the roles of market type(MER),command contro...This research analyzes the effects of various environmental regulatory strategies on ecological technology diffusion efficiency(ETDE)across 30 Chinese provinces.It explores the roles of market type(MER),command control type(CER),and environmental protection type(EER)environmental regulations,alongside the moderating influences of industrial agglomeration(Agg),low-carbon pilot policy(Lcp),fiscal decentralization(FD),and official corruption(Cor)on ETDE.Results show that EER positively affects ETDE,whereas MER and CER tend to inhibit its improvement.The study underscores the complex interplay between these regulations and the significant impact of Agg and Lcp in enhancing ER's effectiveness.Additionally,it highlights the critical mediating roles of FD and Cor,suggesting that the quality of government operations profoundly influences the success of environmental regulations in promoting ecological technology diffusion.These findings emphasize the necessity for tailored environmental regulation strategies that take into account regional economic,population,and digital economy differences,to effectively foster ecological technology diffusion and support China's green development goals.The study also proposes actionable insights for policymakers.展开更多
The 193 nm deep-ultraviolet(DUV)laser plays a critical role in advanced semiconductor chip manufacturing[1,2],micro-nano material characterization[3,4]and biomedical analysis[5,6],due to its high spatial resolution an...The 193 nm deep-ultraviolet(DUV)laser plays a critical role in advanced semiconductor chip manufacturing[1,2],micro-nano material characterization[3,4]and biomedical analysis[5,6],due to its high spatial resolution and short wavelength.Efficient and compact 193 nm DUV laser source thus becomes a hot research area.Currently,193 nm Ar F excimer gas laser is widely employed in DUV lithography systems and serves as the enabling technology for 7 and 5 nm semiconductor fabrication.展开更多
This paper leverages the Opinions of the State Council on Further Promoting the Reform of the Household Registration System as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the impact of rural migrant urbanization on local go...This paper leverages the Opinions of the State Council on Further Promoting the Reform of the Household Registration System as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the impact of rural migrant urbanization on local government expenditures in science and technology(S&T)and education.Employing a generalized difference-in-differences(generalized-DID)approach and panel data from 271 Chinese prefecture-level and above-level cities spanning 2003–2019,we find that household registration reform driven by this urbanization process significantly increased the absolute level as well as the fiscal share of S&T and education spending.Mechanism analyses indicate that rural migrant urbanization promotes these expenditures through two channels:increasing the overall local fiscal revenue and encouraging a greater proportion of the fiscal resources to be allocated to these sectors.The findings uncover the current evolving trends in fiscal resource allocation due to rural migrant urbanization and provide empirical evidence for optimizing the provision of public services and enhancing the potential of long-term economic development.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92477133)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2025A1515011662)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2025J01060)the National Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen(Grant No.3502Z202571016).
文摘Ytterbium(Yb)-based mode-locked fiber lasers have undergone significant development and found widespread applications owing to their high efficiency,compact size,and low cost.However,these lasers typically operate within the 1030 to 1080 nm range,and expanding their operational wavelength is crucial for applications across various fields.We present the direct generation of a mode-locked laser at 1120.06 nm using an all-polarization-maintaining structure,establishing the longest wavelength reported to date for Yb-doped fiber-based mode-locked lasers.A stable picosecond pulse laser at 1120 nm was realized by combining high-concentration Yb-doping and phase-biasing technology within a figure-9 cavity configuration.The laser delivers a pulse duration of 6.20 ps,a spectral width of 0.19 nm centered at 1120.06 nm,and a repetition rate of 21.52 MHz and reaches a maximum output power of 1.39 W via a double-cladding Yb fiber power amplifier in a master oscillator power amplifier configuration.Furthermore,we present a theoretical investigation of the laser performance,with simulation results aligning well with experimental findings.In addition,a 560.06-nm ultrafast yellow-green laser was generated through frequency doubling in a lithium triborate crystal.We present an approach for long-wavelength Yb-doped mode-locked lasers,with the potential to advance the development and application of Yb-based fiber lasers.
基金supported in part by STI 2030-Major Projects under Grant 2022ZD0209200in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Xiaomi Innovation Joint Fund(L233009)+4 种基金in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62374099in part by the Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Fundin part by the Daikin Tsinghua Union Programin part by Independent Research Program of School of Integrated Circuits,Tsinghua UniversityThis work was also sponsored by CIE-Tencent Robotics X Rhino-Bird Focused Research Program.
文摘Emerging two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors are among the most promising materials for ultra-scaled transistors due to their intrinsic atomic-level thickness.As the stacking process advances,the complexity and cost of nanosheet field-effect transistors(NSFETs)and complementary FET(CFET)continue to rise.The 1 nm technology node is going to be based on Si-CFET process according to international roadmap for devices and systems(IRDS)(2022,https://irds.ieee.org/),but not publicly confirmed,indicating that more possibilities still exist.The miniaturization advantage of 2D semiconductors motivates us to explore their potential for reducing process costs while matching the performance of next-generation nodes in terms of area,power consumption and speed.In this study,a comprehensive framework is built.A set of MoS2 NSFETs were designed and fabricated to extract the key parameters and performances.And then for benchmarking,the sizes of 2D-NSFET are scaled to a extent that both of the Si-CFET and 2D-NSFET have the same average device footprint.Under these conditions,the frequency of ultra-scaled 2D-NSFET is found to improve by 36%at a fixed power consumption.This work verifies the feasibility of replacing silicon-based CFETs of 1 nm node with 2D-NSFETs and proposes a 2D technology solution for 1 nm nodes,i.e.,“2D eq 1 nm”nodes.At the same time,thanks to the lower characteristic length of 2D semiconductors,the miniaturized 2D-NSFET achieves a 28%frequency increase at a fixed power consumption.Further,developing a standard cell library,these devices obtain a similar trend in 16-bit RISC-V CPUs.This work quantifies and highlights the advantages of 2D semiconductors in advanced nodes,offering new possibilities for the application of 2D semiconductors in high-speed and low-power integrated circuits.
基金supported in part by STI 2030-Major Projects under Grant 2022ZD0209200in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Xiaomi Innovation Joint Fund (L233009)+4 种基金in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 62374099in part by the Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Fundin part by the Daikin Tsinghua Union Programin part by Independent Research Program of School of Integrated Circuits,Tsinghua Universitysponsored by CIE-Tencent Robotics X Rhino-Bird Focused Research Program
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:191 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01702-7 Following the publication of the original article[1],the authors reported an error in Fig.3(b),and the figure legend was reversed.The correct Fig.3 has been provided in this orrection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160578)the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Research and Develoment Program(2023BCF01027).
文摘Lactic acid bacteria and the fermentation environment interact to form an intertwined system.Lactic acid bacteria are constantly evolving to adapt to different fermentation environments,causing changes in their physiological processes.To achieve a targeted improvement of their adaptability to various environments,a detail analysis of their evolutionary physiological processes is required.While several studies have been carried out in the past by using single-omics techniques to investigate their response to environmental stress,most researchers are now using a multi-omics approach to explore more detail in the biological regulatory networks and molecular mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria in response to environmental stress,thereby overcoming the limitations of single-omics analysis.In this review,we describe the various single-omics approaches that have been used to study environmental stress in lactic acid bacteria,present the advantages of various multi-omics combined analysis approaches,and discuss the potential and practicality of applying emerging single-cell transcriptomics and single-cell metabolomics techniques to the molecular mechanism study of microbes response to environmental stress.Multi-omics approaches enable the accurate identification of complex microbial physiological processes in different environments,allow people to comprehensively reveal the molecular mechanisms of microbes response to stress from different perspectives.Single-cell omics techniques,analyze the targeted regulation of microbial functions in a multi-dimensional space,provides a new perspective on understanding microbes responses environment stress.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.HUST:5003190012)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(Grant No.2024AFA043).
文摘Along with NOR flash cell scaling down,dielectric burnout has gradually become one of the most important factors which affects product reliability,especially for high dropout voltage films.In this study,we demonstrate a reliability-enhanced NOR flash cell in 50 nm node technology through structural optimization of floating gate(FG)dimensions and active area profile.By synergistically increasing FG thickness,reducing FG width,and tuning cell-open depth,the control gate-to-active area corner distance expands by 22%,suppressing peak electric fields by 29%vertically and 18%horizontally.This structural innovation achieves:(1)100×reduction in early-cycle burnout failures,(2)7.38×time dependent dielectric breakdown lifetime improve-ment,while maintaining data retention and accelerating programming/erasing speeds by 15.4%/7.3%.The enhanced reliability enables 97.5%reduction in Fowler−Nordheim stress time during characterization program testing,providing a cost-effective solution for automotive-grade flash memories.
文摘With the rapid development of drone technology,drones are increasingly used in urban environments,but they also bring many security risks,such as illegal reconnaissance,smuggling,and terrorist attacks.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the anti-UAV technology in the urban environment.This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies and their applicability in the urban environment from the aspects of UAV detection,identification,and countermeasures,and discusses the future development trend of anti-UAV technology,aiming to provide a reference for urban safety protection.
文摘Marine environmental monitoring and data platform technology plays a pivotal role in advancing marine scientific research,sustainable resource development,ecological conservation,and the effective utilization of ocean resources.Despite its growing importance in addressing global environmental and economic challenges,a comprehensive and systematic review of recent advancements in this field remains lacking.To address this gap,this paper synthesizes and analyzes academic literature published between 2021 and 2025,sourced from reputable databases including Scopus and Web of Science,while adhering to the PRISMA systematic review standards.It delineates core technologies employed in marine environmental monitoring,such as advanced sensor systems,robust data acquisition and transmission methods,and innovative data processing and analysis techniques.Furthermore,the study examines the architectural functionalities,data sharing mechanisms,and interoperability standards that underpin modern marine data platforms.The paper also addresses critical technical challenges encountered in deep-water monitoring operations,including equipment durability under extreme conditions,significant economic constraints,data management complexities,and emerging privacy and security concerns.Finally,future development trajectories are outlined,emphasizing the transformative potential of novel materials and artificial intelligence(AI)in enhancing deep-water monitoring capabilities,alongside the urgent need for strengthened global collaboration to improve data sharing protocols and management frameworks.Collectively,the continuous evolution of marine monitoring technologies promises to provide increasingly intelligent,integrated,and systematic support for global marine protection efforts and sustainable resource stewardship.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62172095).
文摘Ensuring a sustainable and eco-friendly environment is essential for promoting a healthy and balanced social life.However,decision-making in such contexts often involves handling vague,imprecise,and uncertain information.To address this challenge,this study presents a novel multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)approach based on picture fuzzy hypersoft sets(PFHSS),integrating the flexibility of Schweizer-Sklar triangular norm-based aggregation operators.The proposed aggregation mechanisms—weighted average and weighted geometric operators—are formulated using newly defined operational laws under the PFHSS framework and are proven to satisfy essential mathematical properties,such as idempotency,monotonicity,and boundedness.The decision-making model system-atically incorporates both benefit and cost-type criteria,enabling more nuanced evaluations in complex social or environmental decision problems.To enhance interpretability and practical relevance,the study conducts a sensitivity analysis on the Schweizer-Sklar parameter(Δ).The results show that varyingΔaffects the strictness of aggregation,thereby influencing the ranking stability of alternatives.A comparative analysis with existing fuzzy and hypersoft-based MCDM methods confirms the robustness,expressiveness,and adaptability of the proposed approach.Notably,the use of picture fuzzy sets allows for the inclusion of positive,neutral,and negative memberships,offering a richer representation of expert opinions compared to traditional models.A case study focused on green technology adoption for environmental sustainability illustrates the real-world applicability of the proposed method.The analysis confirms that the approach yields consistent and interpretable results,even under varying degrees of decision uncertainty.Overall,this work contributes an efficient and flexible MCDM tool that can support decision-makers in formulating policies aligned with sustainable and socially responsible outcomes.
基金supported by the Yunnan University Research Foundation Program(Grant No.KC-23233830).
文摘This research analyzes the effects of various environmental regulatory strategies on ecological technology diffusion efficiency(ETDE)across 30 Chinese provinces.It explores the roles of market type(MER),command control type(CER),and environmental protection type(EER)environmental regulations,alongside the moderating influences of industrial agglomeration(Agg),low-carbon pilot policy(Lcp),fiscal decentralization(FD),and official corruption(Cor)on ETDE.Results show that EER positively affects ETDE,whereas MER and CER tend to inhibit its improvement.The study underscores the complex interplay between these regulations and the significant impact of Agg and Lcp in enhancing ER's effectiveness.Additionally,it highlights the critical mediating roles of FD and Cor,suggesting that the quality of government operations profoundly influences the success of environmental regulations in promoting ecological technology diffusion.These findings emphasize the necessity for tailored environmental regulation strategies that take into account regional economic,population,and digital economy differences,to effectively foster ecological technology diffusion and support China's green development goals.The study also proposes actionable insights for policymakers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62450006,62304217,62274157,62127807,62234011,62034008,62074142,62074140)Tianshan Innovation Team Program(Grant No.2022TSYCTD0005)+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0880000)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.2023124,Y2023032)。
文摘The 193 nm deep-ultraviolet(DUV)laser plays a critical role in advanced semiconductor chip manufacturing[1,2],micro-nano material characterization[3,4]and biomedical analysis[5,6],due to its high spatial resolution and short wavelength.Efficient and compact 193 nm DUV laser source thus becomes a hot research area.Currently,193 nm Ar F excimer gas laser is widely employed in DUV lithography systems and serves as the enabling technology for 7 and 5 nm semiconductor fabrication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Project“Research on the Mechanism and Policy Design of the Impact of Rural Migrant Urbanization on Local Government Education Investment”(Grant No.72103034)the Distinguished Young Scholar Funding Project of the University of International Business and Economics(Grant No.21JQ11).
文摘This paper leverages the Opinions of the State Council on Further Promoting the Reform of the Household Registration System as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the impact of rural migrant urbanization on local government expenditures in science and technology(S&T)and education.Employing a generalized difference-in-differences(generalized-DID)approach and panel data from 271 Chinese prefecture-level and above-level cities spanning 2003–2019,we find that household registration reform driven by this urbanization process significantly increased the absolute level as well as the fiscal share of S&T and education spending.Mechanism analyses indicate that rural migrant urbanization promotes these expenditures through two channels:increasing the overall local fiscal revenue and encouraging a greater proportion of the fiscal resources to be allocated to these sectors.The findings uncover the current evolving trends in fiscal resource allocation due to rural migrant urbanization and provide empirical evidence for optimizing the provision of public services and enhancing the potential of long-term economic development.
