The soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum were planted in pot under low nitrogen, high nitrogen treatments, the soil available nitrogen constitution and con- version and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer were determined...The soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum were planted in pot under low nitrogen, high nitrogen treatments, the soil available nitrogen constitution and con- version and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer were determined, so as to provide techni- cal guidance for reasonable use and improving use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for different types of crops. Compared with the control with nitrogen but unplanted crop, growing soybean, cotton, maize, sorghum significantly decreased the soil available N contents by 53. 48%, 51.54%, 33.10%, 55.03%,and influenced the constitution of soil available N. Thereinto, growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum significantly decreased soil inorganic N contents by 85.41%, 83.09%, 70.89% and 83.35%,but increased soil hydrolysable organic N contents by 1.41, 1.53, 2.11 and 1.28 times, respectively; growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum significantly decreased the rate of soil inorganic N to available N by 68.61%, 65.09%, 56.47% and 63.00%, but increased the rate of soil hydrolysable organic N to available N by 4.18, 4.21, 3.66 and 4.08 times, respectively. Compared with the control, growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum significantly increased the transform rate of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer by 93.66%, 38.19%, 32.58% and 38.31% respectively, and growing soybean treatment had the highest increasing range; the nitrification rates of ammo- nium nitrogen fertilizer of growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum treatments were negative values, and growing soybean treatment had the highest decreasing amplitude. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of growing soybean, cot- ton, maize and sorghum treatments were 52.01%, 28.31%, 24.16% and 28.40% re- spectively and growing soybean treatment had the highest value. In conclusion, growing crops suppressed the soil nitrification and accelerated the development of soil hydrolysable organic nitrogen by the utilization of soil available nitrogen and the alteration of soil environment, and hence impacted the constitution of soil available nitrogen and the transform and use of ammonium nitrogen applied in soil. Legumi- nous crops had stronger ability of suppressing nitrification, making use of ammonium compared with non-Leguminous crops.展开更多
本研究旨在明确传统双季晚籼稻地区双季杂交晚粳稻超高产产量构成及其群体特征,阐明双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成规律。以江西省上高县6.77 hm2连片双季杂交晚粳稻高产攻关示范方为依托,选用杂交粳稻甬优8号为材料,对中产(8.25～9.75 t hm...本研究旨在明确传统双季晚籼稻地区双季杂交晚粳稻超高产产量构成及其群体特征,阐明双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成规律。以江西省上高县6.77 hm2连片双季杂交晚粳稻高产攻关示范方为依托,选用杂交粳稻甬优8号为材料,对中产(8.25～9.75 t hm–2)、高产(9.75～10.50 t hm–2)和超高产(>10.50 t hm–2)3个产量水平群体的产量构成及群体特征进行系统比较研究。结果表明,与中产、高产水平群体相比,超高产水平群体表现穗数足、穗型大、群体颖花量多(50 000×104 hm-2以上)的显著特点,但结实率和千粒重略低,差异不显著;群体茎蘖动态上,群体起点较高,可及时够苗;够苗后增长平缓,高峰苗数量较少、下降平缓,成穗率高(78.0%左右)。群体叶面积指数前期增长较缓,最大值出现在孕穗期,为8.0左右,此后下降缓慢,成熟期仍保持3.5以上;群体光合势生育前期较小,中、后期较大,抽穗至成熟期光合势为300×104 m2 d hm-2以上,总光合势为560×104 m2 d hm-2以上。拔节前干物质量积累速度较慢,拔节后积累速度较快,至抽穗期群体干物质量为10.5 t hm-2左右,抽穗后积累量亦高,成熟期干物质量达19.0 t hm-2左右,后期茎鞘物质转运率大于14.0%。超高产群体根量多、活力较强;植株吸氮能力强、成熟期氮素累积量高,氮素利用率40%以上。根据双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成特征,我们探讨了培育双季晚粳稻超高产群体的关键栽培技术。展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41371259)Hubei Natural Science Foundation(2014CFB545)~~
文摘The soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum were planted in pot under low nitrogen, high nitrogen treatments, the soil available nitrogen constitution and con- version and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer were determined, so as to provide techni- cal guidance for reasonable use and improving use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for different types of crops. Compared with the control with nitrogen but unplanted crop, growing soybean, cotton, maize, sorghum significantly decreased the soil available N contents by 53. 48%, 51.54%, 33.10%, 55.03%,and influenced the constitution of soil available N. Thereinto, growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum significantly decreased soil inorganic N contents by 85.41%, 83.09%, 70.89% and 83.35%,but increased soil hydrolysable organic N contents by 1.41, 1.53, 2.11 and 1.28 times, respectively; growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum significantly decreased the rate of soil inorganic N to available N by 68.61%, 65.09%, 56.47% and 63.00%, but increased the rate of soil hydrolysable organic N to available N by 4.18, 4.21, 3.66 and 4.08 times, respectively. Compared with the control, growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum significantly increased the transform rate of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer by 93.66%, 38.19%, 32.58% and 38.31% respectively, and growing soybean treatment had the highest increasing range; the nitrification rates of ammo- nium nitrogen fertilizer of growing soybean, cotton, maize and sorghum treatments were negative values, and growing soybean treatment had the highest decreasing amplitude. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of growing soybean, cot- ton, maize and sorghum treatments were 52.01%, 28.31%, 24.16% and 28.40% re- spectively and growing soybean treatment had the highest value. In conclusion, growing crops suppressed the soil nitrification and accelerated the development of soil hydrolysable organic nitrogen by the utilization of soil available nitrogen and the alteration of soil environment, and hence impacted the constitution of soil available nitrogen and the transform and use of ammonium nitrogen applied in soil. Legumi- nous crops had stronger ability of suppressing nitrification, making use of ammonium compared with non-Leguminous crops.
文摘本研究旨在明确传统双季晚籼稻地区双季杂交晚粳稻超高产产量构成及其群体特征,阐明双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成规律。以江西省上高县6.77 hm2连片双季杂交晚粳稻高产攻关示范方为依托,选用杂交粳稻甬优8号为材料,对中产(8.25～9.75 t hm–2)、高产(9.75～10.50 t hm–2)和超高产(>10.50 t hm–2)3个产量水平群体的产量构成及群体特征进行系统比较研究。结果表明,与中产、高产水平群体相比,超高产水平群体表现穗数足、穗型大、群体颖花量多(50 000×104 hm-2以上)的显著特点,但结实率和千粒重略低,差异不显著;群体茎蘖动态上,群体起点较高,可及时够苗;够苗后增长平缓,高峰苗数量较少、下降平缓,成穗率高(78.0%左右)。群体叶面积指数前期增长较缓,最大值出现在孕穗期,为8.0左右,此后下降缓慢,成熟期仍保持3.5以上;群体光合势生育前期较小,中、后期较大,抽穗至成熟期光合势为300×104 m2 d hm-2以上,总光合势为560×104 m2 d hm-2以上。拔节前干物质量积累速度较慢,拔节后积累速度较快,至抽穗期群体干物质量为10.5 t hm-2左右,抽穗后积累量亦高,成熟期干物质量达19.0 t hm-2左右,后期茎鞘物质转运率大于14.0%。超高产群体根量多、活力较强;植株吸氮能力强、成熟期氮素累积量高,氮素利用率40%以上。根据双季杂交晚粳稻超高产形成特征,我们探讨了培育双季晚粳稻超高产群体的关键栽培技术。
