Japanese pine, Korean pine and larch are three major softwood species in Korea. Their colors are relatively light, thus easily discolored due to drying and UV irradiation. In this study, they were dried with five diff...Japanese pine, Korean pine and larch are three major softwood species in Korea. Their colors are relatively light, thus easily discolored due to drying and UV irradiation. In this study, they were dried with five different drying methods, steam treated and exposed to weathering. Their colors were measured using a spectrophotometer and comparisons made both among species and drying methods. For Japanese and Korean pines, high temperature dried and steam-dried specimens showed distinct color differences compared with the controls. Steam treatment discolored the dried specimens of Japanese and Korean pines but did not discolor those of larch. After weathering for 144 days the specimens of Japanese pine showed slight color differences among drying methods.展开更多
A particular porosity method named ＂slot method＂ is implemented in a depth-integrated shallow water flow model （DIVAST） to simulate wetting and drying processes. Discussed is the relationship between the shape fac...A particular porosity method named ＂slot method＂ is implemented in a depth-integrated shallow water flow model （DIVAST） to simulate wetting and drying processes. Discussed is the relationship between the shape factors of the ＂slot＂ and the preset depth used in ＂wetting-drying＂ algorithm. Two typical tests are conducted to examine the performance of the method with the effect of the shape factors of the ＂slot＂ being checked in detail in the first test. Numerical results demonstrate that： 1 ） no additional effort to improve the finite difference scheme is needed to implement ＂slot method＂ in DIVAST, and 2） ＂slot method＂ will simulate wetting and diying processes correctly if the shape factors of the ＂slot＂ being selected properly.展开更多
Objective:Polygoni Multiflori Radix(PM)is a traditional herbal medicine with repeated reports of liver injury events in recent years.We wondered whether the classical processing method,namely,nine-time steaming and su...Objective:Polygoni Multiflori Radix(PM)is a traditional herbal medicine with repeated reports of liver injury events in recent years.We wondered whether the classical processing method,namely,nine-time steaming and sun drying(NSSD),had toxicity-attenuating effects on PM and the relationships between toxicity and times of processing,as well as with the alteration trends of its compounds.Materials and Methods:The chemical fingerprints of different PM extracts were developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography.The spectrum-toxicity correlation between the chemical fingerprints and hepatocellular toxicity was analyzed with multiple correlation analysis.Results:The results suggested that the hepatotoxicity of NSSD processing products markedly decreased with the repeated steaming and sun drying,which was obviously superior to the product processed by the modern method.Comprehensive analysis revealed that the contents of cis-stilbene glycoside and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside related to liver injury susceptibility were reduced with the times of NSSD processing,which was consistent with the decreased trend of hepatocellular toxicity.After the five times of NSSD,the contents of them as well as the hepatotoxicity of PM were steady.Moreover,we found that the contents of catechin and physcion declined rapidly after the one time of NSSD and then remained stable until the nine times of NSSD.Based on the fact,they could be utilized to indicate whether PM products were processed by steaming and sun drying.Conclusions:This paper confirmed that the NSSD had a good influence on the toxicity attenuating to PM and found four compounds which could apply for the quality control of PM.展开更多
针对传统鱼糕货架期短、运输条件苛刻、食用方法单一等问题,本研究通过配方优化与真空冷冻干燥技术开发新型鱼糕产品,旨在延长其保质期、提升营养均衡性并拓展即食化、多场景应用潜力,同时为水产制品的工业化加工提供工艺参考。以鲢鱼...针对传统鱼糕货架期短、运输条件苛刻、食用方法单一等问题,本研究通过配方优化与真空冷冻干燥技术开发新型鱼糕产品,旨在延长其保质期、提升营养均衡性并拓展即食化、多场景应用潜力,同时为水产制品的工业化加工提供工艺参考。以鲢鱼为主要原料,基于层次分析-熵权法构建综合评分模型,选择猪肥肉、鸡肉、玉米淀粉和蛋清添加量进行单因素实验,并在单因素实验基础上通过遗传算法结合Box-Behnken响应面法对鱼糕冻干配方进行优化。通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)分析微观结构,测定蛋白质、脂肪、水分、灰分等理化指标,并基于Arrhenius方程预测货架期。确定了鱼糕冻干最优配方为:相对碎鱼肉用量,猪肥肉添加量10%(质量分数),鸡肉添加量20%,玉米淀粉添加量11%,蛋清添加量8%,综合评分达0.87±0.34。微观结构显示孔隙分布均匀,真空冷冻干燥处理前后关键理化指标无显著变化。基于Arrhenius方程的货架期模型预测25℃贮藏期为77 d,较鲜切鱼糕(4~7 d)延长11倍。本研究得到了色泽均匀、口感酥脆、货架期长以及营养均衡的鱼糕冻干制品,为鱼糕制品常温储运与即食化应用提供借鉴。展开更多
A numerical simulation for a model of wood drying process is considered. The model is given by a couple of nonlinear differential equations. One is a nonlinear parabolic equation and the other one is a nonlinear ordin...A numerical simulation for a model of wood drying process is considered. The model is given by a couple of nonlinear differential equations. One is a nonlinear parabolic equation and the other one is a nonlinear ordinary equation. A difference scheme is derived by the method of reduction of order. First, a new variable is introduced and the original problem is rewritten into a system of the first-order differential equations. Secondly, a difference scheme is constructed for the later problem. The solvability, stability and convergence of the difference scheme are proved by the energy method. The convergence order of the difference scheme is secondorder both in time and in space. A prior error estimate is put forward. The new variable is put aside to reduce the computational cost. A numerical example testifies the theoretical result.展开更多
A method to extract crude heparin sodium from pig intestinal mucosa by dialysis and spray drying was established. The pig intestinal mucosa was treated in the following steps: enzymolysis, resin exchange adsorption-wa...A method to extract crude heparin sodium from pig intestinal mucosa by dialysis and spray drying was established. The pig intestinal mucosa was treated in the following steps: enzymolysis, resin exchange adsorption-washing, elution, pressure filtration, dialysis, spray drying. Activity of the product was measured using a heparin anti-IIa factor assay kit. The yield of crude heparin obtained by this method was 2.79% higher than that of oven drying method;the production of 1 kg crude heparin sodium saved 43.4 pigs small intestine. The activity was 98.48 ± 2.49 IU/mg (n = 5), 15.18 IU/mg higher than that obtained by oven drying method. The product is pale white powder, attractive color and easy to dissolve.展开更多
文摘Japanese pine, Korean pine and larch are three major softwood species in Korea. Their colors are relatively light, thus easily discolored due to drying and UV irradiation. In this study, they were dried with five different drying methods, steam treated and exposed to weathering. Their colors were measured using a spectrophotometer and comparisons made both among species and drying methods. For Japanese and Korean pines, high temperature dried and steam-dried specimens showed distinct color differences compared with the controls. Steam treatment discolored the dried specimens of Japanese and Korean pines but did not discolor those of larch. After weathering for 144 days the specimens of Japanese pine showed slight color differences among drying methods.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10702050)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (Grant No.07JCYBJC07500)the Support Plan of Science and Technology of Tianjin (Grant No.07ZCGYSH01700)
文摘A particular porosity method named ＂slot method＂ is implemented in a depth-integrated shallow water flow model （DIVAST） to simulate wetting and drying processes. Discussed is the relationship between the shape factors of the ＂slot＂ and the preset depth used in ＂wetting-drying＂ algorithm. Two typical tests are conducted to examine the performance of the method with the effect of the shape factors of the ＂slot＂ being checked in detail in the first test. Numerical results demonstrate that： 1 ） no additional effort to improve the finite difference scheme is needed to implement ＂slot method＂ in DIVAST, and 2） ＂slot method＂ will simulate wetting and diying processes correctly if the shape factors of the ＂slot＂ being selected properly.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81630100)the National Industry Program of China(Grant No.201507002)
文摘Objective:Polygoni Multiflori Radix(PM)is a traditional herbal medicine with repeated reports of liver injury events in recent years.We wondered whether the classical processing method,namely,nine-time steaming and sun drying(NSSD),had toxicity-attenuating effects on PM and the relationships between toxicity and times of processing,as well as with the alteration trends of its compounds.Materials and Methods:The chemical fingerprints of different PM extracts were developed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography.The spectrum-toxicity correlation between the chemical fingerprints and hepatocellular toxicity was analyzed with multiple correlation analysis.Results:The results suggested that the hepatotoxicity of NSSD processing products markedly decreased with the repeated steaming and sun drying,which was obviously superior to the product processed by the modern method.Comprehensive analysis revealed that the contents of cis-stilbene glycoside and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside related to liver injury susceptibility were reduced with the times of NSSD processing,which was consistent with the decreased trend of hepatocellular toxicity.After the five times of NSSD,the contents of them as well as the hepatotoxicity of PM were steady.Moreover,we found that the contents of catechin and physcion declined rapidly after the one time of NSSD and then remained stable until the nine times of NSSD.Based on the fact,they could be utilized to indicate whether PM products were processed by steaming and sun drying.Conclusions:This paper confirmed that the NSSD had a good influence on the toxicity attenuating to PM and found four compounds which could apply for the quality control of PM.
文摘针对传统鱼糕货架期短、运输条件苛刻、食用方法单一等问题,本研究通过配方优化与真空冷冻干燥技术开发新型鱼糕产品,旨在延长其保质期、提升营养均衡性并拓展即食化、多场景应用潜力,同时为水产制品的工业化加工提供工艺参考。以鲢鱼为主要原料,基于层次分析-熵权法构建综合评分模型,选择猪肥肉、鸡肉、玉米淀粉和蛋清添加量进行单因素实验,并在单因素实验基础上通过遗传算法结合Box-Behnken响应面法对鱼糕冻干配方进行优化。通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)分析微观结构,测定蛋白质、脂肪、水分、灰分等理化指标,并基于Arrhenius方程预测货架期。确定了鱼糕冻干最优配方为:相对碎鱼肉用量,猪肥肉添加量10%(质量分数),鸡肉添加量20%,玉米淀粉添加量11%,蛋清添加量8%,综合评分达0.87±0.34。微观结构显示孔隙分布均匀,真空冷冻干燥处理前后关键理化指标无显著变化。基于Arrhenius方程的货架期模型预测25℃贮藏期为77 d,较鲜切鱼糕(4~7 d)延长11倍。本研究得到了色泽均匀、口感酥脆、货架期长以及营养均衡的鱼糕冻干制品,为鱼糕制品常温储运与即食化应用提供借鉴。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No10471023)
文摘A numerical simulation for a model of wood drying process is considered. The model is given by a couple of nonlinear differential equations. One is a nonlinear parabolic equation and the other one is a nonlinear ordinary equation. A difference scheme is derived by the method of reduction of order. First, a new variable is introduced and the original problem is rewritten into a system of the first-order differential equations. Secondly, a difference scheme is constructed for the later problem. The solvability, stability and convergence of the difference scheme are proved by the energy method. The convergence order of the difference scheme is secondorder both in time and in space. A prior error estimate is put forward. The new variable is put aside to reduce the computational cost. A numerical example testifies the theoretical result.
文摘A method to extract crude heparin sodium from pig intestinal mucosa by dialysis and spray drying was established. The pig intestinal mucosa was treated in the following steps: enzymolysis, resin exchange adsorption-washing, elution, pressure filtration, dialysis, spray drying. Activity of the product was measured using a heparin anti-IIa factor assay kit. The yield of crude heparin obtained by this method was 2.79% higher than that of oven drying method;the production of 1 kg crude heparin sodium saved 43.4 pigs small intestine. The activity was 98.48 ± 2.49 IU/mg (n = 5), 15.18 IU/mg higher than that obtained by oven drying method. The product is pale white powder, attractive color and easy to dissolve.
