Periventricular leukomalacia(PVL),a white matter injury(WMI)affecting the premature infant's brain is commonly associated with ce-rebral palsy(CP).Among premature infants〈1,500 g,approximately 7,000 develop CP ye...Periventricular leukomalacia(PVL),a white matter injury(WMI)affecting the premature infant's brain is commonly associated with ce-rebral palsy(CP).Among premature infants〈1,500 g,approximately 7,000 develop CP yearly and 20,000-30,000 exhibit major cognitive deficits yearly(Volpe,2009).PVL results from hypoxia-ischemia(HI)with or without infection and is characterized by white matter necrotic lesions,hypomyelination,microglial activation,astrogliosis,and neuronal death.Risk factors for the development of PVL include:prematurity associated with immature cerebrovascular development,HI insults with lack of appropriate auto-regulation of cerebral blood flow,free radical production,energy deprivation,intrauterine infec-tion and chorioamnionitis.Affected infants show definitive signs of cerebral palsy such as spastic diplegia,seizures,developmental delay,visual and hearing impairment,scoliosis and incontinence by 6-9 months of age.PVL can also occur in term infants with certain con-genital cyanotic heart disease which will not be our focus here(Volpe,2001).展开更多
Purpose Lateral ankle sprains(LAS)are associated with corticospinal pathway deficits.Existing evidence is primarily based on cross-sectional investigations and noncausal speculations.This study aims to determine wheth...Purpose Lateral ankle sprains(LAS)are associated with corticospinal pathway deficits.Existing evidence is primarily based on cross-sectional investigations and noncausal speculations.This study aims to determine whether maladaptive corticospinal pathway alterations occur pre-and postligament transection in LAS mouse models.Additionally,this study explores whether the alterations are more pronounced in adolescent mice than adults.Methods Twenty-four 8-week-old adolescent and twenty-four 24-week-old adult mice were randomly assigned to lateral ankle ligament transection or sham surgery.Diffusion-weighted imaging of the corticospinal pathway was performed presurgery and 8 weeks postsurgery.Fractional anisotropy(FA)values,reflecting fiber integrity within the corticospinal subregions of the medulla,pons,midbrain,and cerebrum,were extracted.Results Overall,41 mice completed repeated image acquisition.Before surgery,no significant group effects on FA within the four corticospinal subregions were detected in either adolescent or adult mice.Two months after surgery,the adolescent cohort displayed a significant reduction in FA in the medulla subregion following ankle ligament transection(β-baseline-adjusted=-0.083,95%CI,-0.145 to-0.021,p-corrected=0.048).Conversely,no significant effects of ankle ligament transection on corticospinal FA were observed in the adult cohort.Conclusion The maladaptive alterations in the corticospinal tract could be observed in the adolescent LAS mouse model,characterized by reduced fiber integrity in the medulla subregion.While these results are derived from an animal model,they provide a foundation for future investigations into the mechanisms underlying neurological deficits following musculoskeletal injuries.展开更多
基金supported by Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
文摘Periventricular leukomalacia(PVL),a white matter injury(WMI)affecting the premature infant's brain is commonly associated with ce-rebral palsy(CP).Among premature infants〈1,500 g,approximately 7,000 develop CP yearly and 20,000-30,000 exhibit major cognitive deficits yearly(Volpe,2009).PVL results from hypoxia-ischemia(HI)with or without infection and is characterized by white matter necrotic lesions,hypomyelination,microglial activation,astrogliosis,and neuronal death.Risk factors for the development of PVL include:prematurity associated with immature cerebrovascular development,HI insults with lack of appropriate auto-regulation of cerebral blood flow,free radical production,energy deprivation,intrauterine infec-tion and chorioamnionitis.Affected infants show definitive signs of cerebral palsy such as spastic diplegia,seizures,developmental delay,visual and hearing impairment,scoliosis and incontinence by 6-9 months of age.PVL can also occur in term infants with certain con-genital cyanotic heart disease which will not be our focus here(Volpe,2001).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.81871823,8207090113,82072510]National Key R&D Program of China[No.2018YFC1312900]+2 种基金Shanghai Natural Science Foundation[No.20ZR1406400]Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality[No.18JC1410403]Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project[No.2017SHZDZX01,2018SHZDZX01].
文摘Purpose Lateral ankle sprains(LAS)are associated with corticospinal pathway deficits.Existing evidence is primarily based on cross-sectional investigations and noncausal speculations.This study aims to determine whether maladaptive corticospinal pathway alterations occur pre-and postligament transection in LAS mouse models.Additionally,this study explores whether the alterations are more pronounced in adolescent mice than adults.Methods Twenty-four 8-week-old adolescent and twenty-four 24-week-old adult mice were randomly assigned to lateral ankle ligament transection or sham surgery.Diffusion-weighted imaging of the corticospinal pathway was performed presurgery and 8 weeks postsurgery.Fractional anisotropy(FA)values,reflecting fiber integrity within the corticospinal subregions of the medulla,pons,midbrain,and cerebrum,were extracted.Results Overall,41 mice completed repeated image acquisition.Before surgery,no significant group effects on FA within the four corticospinal subregions were detected in either adolescent or adult mice.Two months after surgery,the adolescent cohort displayed a significant reduction in FA in the medulla subregion following ankle ligament transection(β-baseline-adjusted=-0.083,95%CI,-0.145 to-0.021,p-corrected=0.048).Conversely,no significant effects of ankle ligament transection on corticospinal FA were observed in the adult cohort.Conclusion The maladaptive alterations in the corticospinal tract could be observed in the adolescent LAS mouse model,characterized by reduced fiber integrity in the medulla subregion.While these results are derived from an animal model,they provide a foundation for future investigations into the mechanisms underlying neurological deficits following musculoskeletal injuries.
