运行灵活是分布式绿电深度集成的主动配电网(active distribution network,ADN)的显著特征,该文提出一种考虑灵活性的主动配电网源-网-储多元协调规划方法。计及中长期规划和短期运行,构建ADN的多时间尺度灵活性评价指标体系,涵盖功率...运行灵活是分布式绿电深度集成的主动配电网(active distribution network,ADN)的显著特征,该文提出一种考虑灵活性的主动配电网源-网-储多元协调规划方法。计及中长期规划和短期运行,构建ADN的多时间尺度灵活性评价指标体系,涵盖功率调节和网架调节不同维度,包括时段、馈线、配电网不同层级。接着,提出考虑灵活性的源-网-储多元双层规划模型,上层以年综合成本与中长期灵活性为多目标决策多元件规划方案,下层寻优各元件日运行方式,旨在提升运行成本与短期灵活性隶属满意度。以逼近理想解排序法来处理规划层多目标,制定基于和声搜索和粒子群算法的变量编码及模型求解策略。最后,通过六馈线ADN算例论证规划方案及日运行方式的合理性,基于灵活性指标组成分析,并验证所提指标的有效性。展开更多
We use the latest data to investigate observational constraints on the new generalized Chaplygin gas （NGCG） model. Using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we constrain the NGCG model with type Ia supernovae from ...We use the latest data to investigate observational constraints on the new generalized Chaplygin gas （NGCG） model. Using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we constrain the NGCG model with type Ia supernovae from the Union2 set （557 data）, the usual baryonic acoustic oscillation （BAO） observation from the spectroscopic Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7 galaxy sample, the cosmic mi- crowave background observation from the 7-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe results, newly revised data on H（z）, as well as a value of θBAO （Z = 0.55） = （3.90° ±0.38°） for the angular BAO scale. The constraint results for the NGCG model are ωX=-1.0510＋0.1563-0.1685（1σ）＋0.2226-0.2398（2σ）,η=1.0117＋0.0469-0.0502（1σ）＋0.0693-0.0716（2σ）and ΩX=0.7297＋0.0229-0.0276（1σ）＋0.0329-0.0402（2σ）, which give a rather stringent constraint. From the results, we can see that a phantom model is slightly favored and the proba- bility that energy transfers from dark matter to dark energy is a little larger than the inverse.展开更多
According to the basic features of socio economic development in China, the paper retrospects the developmental process of Chinese cities in the 20th century. Based on lots of data and related research achievements, f...According to the basic features of socio economic development in China, the paper retrospects the developmental process of Chinese cities in the 20th century. Based on lots of data and related research achievements, five new patterns of Chinese urban development are pointed out, that is 1) regional disparity of urban development in China is still obvious and large; 2) cities in developed region develop in the form of agglomeration and coordination; 3) spatial layout shape of Chinese cities appears relatively tight, and there exists great outside expansion inclination; 4) the construction of exploitation zone becomes the new important factor of urban development in the 1990s; 5) number increase of cities at county level become the main tide of urban development, but cause the discrete understanding for the concept of urban substantial region, which construct a challenge to urban management. In the end the article puts forward a series thoughts on the future trends and countermeasures of urban development in China.展开更多
文摘运行灵活是分布式绿电深度集成的主动配电网(active distribution network,ADN)的显著特征,该文提出一种考虑灵活性的主动配电网源-网-储多元协调规划方法。计及中长期规划和短期运行,构建ADN的多时间尺度灵活性评价指标体系,涵盖功率调节和网架调节不同维度,包括时段、馈线、配电网不同层级。接着,提出考虑灵活性的源-网-储多元双层规划模型,上层以年综合成本与中长期灵活性为多目标决策多元件规划方案,下层寻优各元件日运行方式,旨在提升运行成本与短期灵活性隶属满意度。以逼近理想解排序法来处理规划层多目标,制定基于和声搜索和粒子群算法的变量编码及模型求解策略。最后,通过六馈线ADN算例论证规划方案及日运行方式的合理性,基于灵活性指标组成分析,并验证所提指标的有效性。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Distinguished Young Scholar program(Grant No. 10825313)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program,Grant No. 2012CB821804)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Scientific Research Foundation of Beijing Normal University
文摘We use the latest data to investigate observational constraints on the new generalized Chaplygin gas （NGCG） model. Using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we constrain the NGCG model with type Ia supernovae from the Union2 set （557 data）, the usual baryonic acoustic oscillation （BAO） observation from the spectroscopic Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7 galaxy sample, the cosmic mi- crowave background observation from the 7-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe results, newly revised data on H（z）, as well as a value of θBAO （Z = 0.55） = （3.90° ±0.38°） for the angular BAO scale. The constraint results for the NGCG model are ωX=-1.0510＋0.1563-0.1685（1σ）＋0.2226-0.2398（2σ）,η=1.0117＋0.0469-0.0502（1σ）＋0.0693-0.0716（2σ）and ΩX=0.7297＋0.0229-0.0276（1σ）＋0.0329-0.0402（2σ）, which give a rather stringent constraint. From the results, we can see that a phantom model is slightly favored and the proba- bility that energy transfers from dark matter to dark energy is a little larger than the inverse.
文摘According to the basic features of socio economic development in China, the paper retrospects the developmental process of Chinese cities in the 20th century. Based on lots of data and related research achievements, five new patterns of Chinese urban development are pointed out, that is 1) regional disparity of urban development in China is still obvious and large; 2) cities in developed region develop in the form of agglomeration and coordination; 3) spatial layout shape of Chinese cities appears relatively tight, and there exists great outside expansion inclination; 4) the construction of exploitation zone becomes the new important factor of urban development in the 1990s; 5) number increase of cities at county level become the main tide of urban development, but cause the discrete understanding for the concept of urban substantial region, which construct a challenge to urban management. In the end the article puts forward a series thoughts on the future trends and countermeasures of urban development in China.
