Objective The production of coal fines is very common in the development of coalbed methane（CBM）in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin,China.A large amount of produced coal fines seriously affect the productivity ...Objective The production of coal fines is very common in the development of coalbed methane（CBM）in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin,China.A large amount of produced coal fines seriously affect the productivity of CBM wells（Wei Yingchun et al.,2013）.Therefore,the production problems of CBM wells caused by coal fines have attracted extensive attention.展开更多
The Precambrian, an informal chronostratigraphical unit, represents the period of Earth history from the start of the Cambrian at ca. 541 Ma back to the formation of the planet at 4567 Ma. It was originally conceptual...The Precambrian, an informal chronostratigraphical unit, represents the period of Earth history from the start of the Cambrian at ca. 541 Ma back to the formation of the planet at 4567 Ma. It was originally conceptualized as a ＂Cryptozoic Eon＂ that was contrasted with the Phanerozoic Eon from the Cambrian to the Quaternary, which is now known as the Precambrian and can be subdivided into three eons, i.e., the Hadean, the Archean and the Proterozoic. The Precambrian is currently divided chronometrically into convenient boundaries, including for the establishment of the Proterozoic periods that were chosen to reflect large-scale tectonic or sedimentary features （except for the Ediacaran Period）. This chronometric arrangement might represent the second progress on the study of chronostratigraphy of the Precambrian after its separation from the Phanerozoic. Upon further study of the evolutionary history of the Precambrian Earth, applying new geodynamic and geobiological knowledge and information, a revised division of Precambrian time has led to the third conceptual progress on the study of Precambrian chronostratigraphy. In the current scheme, the Proterozoic Eon began at 2500 Ma, which is the approximate time by which most granite-greenstone crust had formed, and can be subdivided into ten periods of typically 200 Ma duration grouped into three eras （except for the Ediacaran Period）. Within this current scheme, the Ediacaran Period was ratified in 2004, the first period-level addition to the geologic time scale in more than a century, an important advancement in stratigraphy. There are two main problems in the current scheme of Proterozoic chrouostratigraphical division： （1） the definition of the Archean-Proterozoic boundary at 2500 Ma, which does not reflect a unique time of synchronous global change in tectonic style and does not correspond with a major change in lithology; （2） the round number subdivision of the Proterozoic into several periods based on broad orogenic characteristics, which has not met with requests on the concept of modern stratigraphy, except for the Ediacaran Period. In the revised chronostratigraphic scheme for the Proterozoic, the Archean-Proterozoic boundary is placed at the major change from a reducing early Earth to a cooler, more modern Earth characterized by the supercontinent cycle, a major change that occurred at ca. 2420 Ma. Thus, a revised Proterozoic Eon （2420-542 Ma） is envisaged to extend from the Archean-Proterozoic boundary at ca. 2420 Ma to the end of the Ediacaran Period, i.e., a period marked by the progressive rise in atmospheric oxygen, supercontinent cyclicity, and the evolution of more complex （eukaryotic） fife. As with the current Proterozoic Eon, a revised Proterozoic Eon based on chronostratigraphy is envisaged to consist of three eras （Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Neoproterozoic）, but the boundary ages for these divisions differ from their current ages and their subdivisions into periods would also differ from current practice. A scheme is proposed for the chronostratigraphic division of the Proterozoic, based principally on geodynamic and geobiological events and their expressions in the stratigraphic record. Importantly, this revision of the Proterozoic time scale will be of significant benefit to the community as a whole and will help to drive new research that will unveil new information about the history of our planet, since the Proterozoic is a significant connecting link between the preceding Precambrian and the following Phanerozoic.展开更多
The Tonghua region in the east of the Songliao Basin is a high-risk and blank area of petroleum exploration. The unrevealed key problems including the growth of source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and oil a...The Tonghua region in the east of the Songliao Basin is a high-risk and blank area of petroleum exploration. The unrevealed key problems including the growth of source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and oil and gas source and the low exploration degree have constrained the further study of petroleum geological conditions and exploration deployment. Based on outcrop and core observations, geological section survey, trench exploration, high-precision gravity and magnetism and geological survey wells, this work discussed the basic geological conditions, main hydrocarbon source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and the oil and gas source.展开更多
Since the 20th century, numerous Quaternary moraine dating methods have emerged, including lichenometric, moraine 14C, quartz sand thermoluminescence （TL）, electron spin resonance （ESR）, optically stimulated lumin...Since the 20th century, numerous Quaternary moraine dating methods have emerged, including lichenometric, moraine 14C, quartz sand thermoluminescence （TL）, electron spin resonance （ESR）, optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） and 10Be, 26A1, 36C1, 3H, 21Ne nuclide dating methods. These dating methods are widely applied to determine moraine ages and have provided a large dataset. Unfortunately each method has its defects. In this paper, we will review these various dating methods and provide some comments.展开更多
1 Significance of All Solid State Laser (DPL) Technology in Field of LaserBecause of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, small size and light weight, DPL becomes the hotspot and priority o...1 Significance of All Solid State Laser (DPL) Technology in Field of LaserBecause of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, small size and light weight, DPL becomes the hotspot and priority of development of laser technology. It may be the main body of laser in the future and replace gas laser and liquid laser. It is a great revolution of laser technology.The developed countries vie in developing DPL. China has achieved great success in this field, but there is a wide gap between the developed countries and us. We should attach great importance to it.展开更多
The first International Conference on Modern Process Mineralogy and Mineral Processing, organized by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China and hosted by Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,was...The first International Conference on Modern Process Mineralogy and Mineral Processing, organized by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China and hosted by Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,was held on September 22-25,1992,in Beijing,China.About 350 scholars and experts from 25 countries and regions showed up at the conference and 130 papers were presented,among them 98 papers are of mineral processing.Some of the papers given in mineral processing are summed up as follows.展开更多
Foreword Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China.It also reflects the will and pursuit of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the Chinese government and the Chinese people.The judic...Foreword Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China.It also reflects the will and pursuit of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the Chinese government and the Chinese people.The judiciary is the last line of defense to safeguard social fairness and justice,and judicial protection of human rights is an important展开更多
It is an important direction for China's power industry to master the design and the equipment manufacturing core technology of large-capacity HVDC power transmission systems,and to form the sustainable developmen...It is an important direction for China's power industry to master the design and the equipment manufacturing core technology of large-capacity HVDC power transmission systems,and to form the sustainable development capability.展开更多
Well cementing is an important step in petroleum engineering territory. Through many years study and research, China Nation Petroleum Corporation(abbreviated as CNPC) has made many good progresses in cementing process...Well cementing is an important step in petroleum engineering territory. Through many years study and research, China Nation Petroleum Corporation(abbreviated as CNPC) has made many good progresses in cementing process, and a series of cementing materials, cementing tools, and associated cementing techniques to them have been developed. Over the recent years, there have been significant improvements in application of single slurry system to super deep well, horizontal well, large displacement well and wells with large temperature span between cementing top and well bottom. Favorable results have been gained in field application of super high density cement slurry system and super low density cement slurry system. Application of conventional cementing tools and accessories has been the matured techniques, and breakthroughs have been made in liner hanger and swellable material.展开更多
In recent years,natural gas exploration in the deep marine carbonates of the Sichuan Basin has been strengthened continuously.And based on the research results in the regional geological setting,a great number of new ...In recent years,natural gas exploration in the deep marine carbonates of the Sichuan Basin has been strengthened continuously.And based on the research results in the regional geological setting,a great number of new geological understandings are obtained in terms of lithofacies palaogeography,reservoir genesis and hydrocarbon accumulation evolution.What's more,new progress of natural gas exploration is achieved in many strata and domains in the Sichuan Basin,e.g.Qixia Fm of Middle Permian,Maokou Fm and Emeishan basalt,and the prospect of natural gas exploration is promising.In this paper,the recent exploration achievements of Middle Permian natural gas in the Sichuan Basin were summarized.First,under the control of palaeogeomorphology of late Caledonian,marginal platform shoal and girdle intra-platform shoal that are distributed in a large scale were developed at the edge of western Sichuan sea basin and in the periphery of central Sichuan paleo-uplift during the sedimentation of Qixia Fm,and they are large in scale and extensive in distribution range.Dolomite reservoirs are developed with good gas bearing property.Second,two kinds of reservoir bodies are mainly developed in the Maokou Fm of the Sichuan Basin.One is the shoal body which is developed along the marginal platform and the intra-platform high belt under the control of facies belt superimposed with late dolomitization,and the other is the effective karst reservoir which is distributed at the karst slope belt under the action of large-scale erosion in the late Maokou period.Third,volcanic gas reservoirs are discovered in the areas of Chengdu and Jianyang,and their quality reservoirs are of volcanic eruption facies and characterized by great thickness,good physical properties and extensive distribution.The discovery of this new type of gas reservoir expands the exploration domain of Middle Permian natural gas in the Sichuan Basin.In conclusion,the improvement of the large-scale natural gas exploration potential in many strata and domains of Middle Permian in the Sichuan Basin promotes it to be one important replacement domain of the further increase of natural gas production and reserves in the Sichuan Basin.展开更多
As natural gas exploration expands to deep,ultra-deep and unconventional areas,more and more complex exploration targets are encountered.In this circumstance,it is necessary to improve the existing basic natural gas g...As natural gas exploration expands to deep,ultra-deep and unconventional areas,more and more complex exploration targets are encountered.In this circumstance,it is necessary to improve the existing basic natural gas geological theories for guiding the exploration and discovery of more giant gas fields.In this paper,the researches on basic natural gas geological theories since the beginning of the 12th Five-Year Plan were engaged,and then the key exploration target zones were analyzed.Some results were obtained.(1)The theory of whole-process hydrocarbon generation of organic matters was improved and the geologic theories of organic matter hydrocarbon generation(e.g.the thermal evolution model of kerogen degradation and the successive gas generation of organic matters)were developed.(2)Multi-element natural gas genesis identification method,quantitative evaluation method for different types of seals/caprocks,tight sandstone gas accumulation theory for low hydrocarbon generation intensity region,and hydrocarbon accumulation theory for giant ancient carbonate gas field were established,and the geological theories of gas generation,genesis identification and hydrocarbon accumulation were developed to provide the effective guidance for the exploration breakthrough and discovery of giant gas fields in the key basins of China recently.Four conclusions were reached:(1)ancient carbonate rock,tight sandstone,foreland region,shale and volcanic rock are primary exploration targets for discovering giant gas fields;(2)craton and foreland basins are still the key exploration areas,and ancient uplift,gentle slope and thrust belt are the main enrichment zones;(3)ancient strata and deep formations are critical gas exploration targets in the future;(4)oil cracking gas in marine basins,tight sandstone gas and shale gas are the important replacement resources for future gas reserves and production growth.展开更多
Brain injury refers to the damage to the craniocerebral area caused by various reasons. Skull fractures can be divided into different types in clinical practice, the first is linear skull fracture, the second is depre...Brain injury refers to the damage to the craniocerebral area caused by various reasons. Skull fractures can be divided into different types in clinical practice, the first is linear skull fracture, the second is depressed skull fracture, and the third is comminuted skull fracture. With the development of the transportation industry, construction and other industries, the incidence of the disease has been increasing, and the causes of injury include direct effects and indirect violence. As far as craniocerebral injury is concerned, it is a common clinical disease, and patients have poor results after traditional treatment. Nowadays, surgical treatment is widely used in clinical practice, which can significantly reduce the intracranial pressure of patients. Bilateral decompressive craniectomy and Compared with conventional surgery, there are many advantages, and in patients with intracranial injury, significant curative effects have been achieved.展开更多
Critical care medicine department is the most important department in hospital. Most of the patients in this department are in critical condition, and most of them will be accompanied by respiratory failure. The intro...Critical care medicine department is the most important department in hospital. Most of the patients in this department are in critical condition, and most of them will be accompanied by respiratory failure. The introduction and application of mechanical ventilation can greatly improve the survival rate of ICU patients, but continuous mechanical ventilation will also bring some adverse effects to patients, such as affecting ICU acquisition and prolonging ICU stay time, which has a serious impact on their later life quality. A large number of clinical practices have proved that early rehabilitation training for ICU patients with mechanical ventilation can prevent complications, and at the same time, it can effectively shorten the time of mechanical ventilation, which is of great help to the rehabilitation of ICU patients with mechanical ventilation. This article summarizes and analyzes the application measures of early rehabilitation training in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation from various angles, so as to provide reliable reference for the application of early rehabilitation training.展开更多
December 2017 Contents PreambleⅠ.Improving the Legal Framework to Ensure Human RightsⅡ.Promoting Law-based Administration to Protect the Citizens’Lawful Rights and InterestsⅢ.Effectively Enhancing Judicial Protect...December 2017 Contents PreambleⅠ.Improving the Legal Framework to Ensure Human RightsⅡ.Promoting Law-based Administration to Protect the Citizens’Lawful Rights and InterestsⅢ.Effectively Enhancing Judicial Protection of Human RightsⅣ.Consolidating Social Mechanisms for Legal Protection of Human RightsⅤ.Strengthening the CPC Leadership over Legal Protection of Human RightsⅥ.Actively Promoting the Development of Global Human Rights Under the Rule of Law展开更多
The 2018 Beijing Forum on Human Rights opens on this wonderful autumn day.On behalf of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, I wish to express warm congratulations on the opening of the forum and a sincere welco...The 2018 Beijing Forum on Human Rights opens on this wonderful autumn day.On behalf of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, I wish to express warm congratulations on the opening of the forum and a sincere welcome to all vips from home and abroad.展开更多
Global climate change and its possible ecological consequences have become the focused issue(IPCC,2007;Mann et al.,2008;Ding et al.,2009).The Holocene contains the analogous characteristic of future climatic change an...Global climate change and its possible ecological consequences have become the focused issue(IPCC,2007;Mann et al.,2008;Ding et al.,2009).The Holocene contains the analogous characteristic of future climatic change and the continuous agriculture activity,providing the ideal"similar pattern"for studying the climate change and human adaption and impact in the future.Based on the recent studies of stalagmite,ice core,ocean,and lake etc.,the paper introduces the new progress in the Holocene climate and agriculture research in China as follows:(1)Discuss the variability,amplitude,and unstable characteristic of climate,as well as the abrupt events and mechanisms of climate.(2)Analyze the botanical index records for studying the early agriculture.(3)Review the agricultural origin,expanding,and development.(4)Reveal the style and intensity of early agriculture and understand the agricultural impact and adaption to the environmental changes.(5)Introduce ongoing research projects in China and emphasize the significance of increasing the dating precision and the indicative effectiveness of proxies.(6)Realize how the ecosystem and environmental factors respond to the increasing temperature process,understand how the human adapt to the rapid climate change,and provide the scientific basis for assessing the effects of climate change and the human adaption in the future.展开更多
This paper summarizes the recent progress of numerical weather prediction （NWP） research since the last review was published. The new generation NWP system named GRAPES （the Global and Regional Assimilation and Pre...This paper summarizes the recent progress of numerical weather prediction （NWP） research since the last review was published. The new generation NWP system named GRAPES （the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System）, which consists of variational or sequential data assimilation and nonhydrostatic prediction model with options of configuration for either global or regional domains, is briefly introduced, with stress on their scientific design and preliminary results during pre-operational implementation. In addition to the development of GRAPES, the achievements in new methodologies of data assimilation, new improvements of model physics such as parameterization of clouds and planetary boundary layer, mesoscale ensemble prediction system and numerical prediction of air quality are presented. The scientific issues which should be emphasized for the future are discussed finally.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.41402134 and 41272181)
文摘Objective The production of coal fines is very common in the development of coalbed methane（CBM）in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin,China.A large amount of produced coal fines seriously affect the productivity of CBM wells（Wei Yingchun et al.,2013）.Therefore,the production problems of CBM wells caused by coal fines have attracted extensive attention.
基金the Natural Sciences Foundation of China(grants No.41472090,40472065 and 49802012)
文摘The Precambrian, an informal chronostratigraphical unit, represents the period of Earth history from the start of the Cambrian at ca. 541 Ma back to the formation of the planet at 4567 Ma. It was originally conceptualized as a ＂Cryptozoic Eon＂ that was contrasted with the Phanerozoic Eon from the Cambrian to the Quaternary, which is now known as the Precambrian and can be subdivided into three eons, i.e., the Hadean, the Archean and the Proterozoic. The Precambrian is currently divided chronometrically into convenient boundaries, including for the establishment of the Proterozoic periods that were chosen to reflect large-scale tectonic or sedimentary features （except for the Ediacaran Period）. This chronometric arrangement might represent the second progress on the study of chronostratigraphy of the Precambrian after its separation from the Phanerozoic. Upon further study of the evolutionary history of the Precambrian Earth, applying new geodynamic and geobiological knowledge and information, a revised division of Precambrian time has led to the third conceptual progress on the study of Precambrian chronostratigraphy. In the current scheme, the Proterozoic Eon began at 2500 Ma, which is the approximate time by which most granite-greenstone crust had formed, and can be subdivided into ten periods of typically 200 Ma duration grouped into three eras （except for the Ediacaran Period）. Within this current scheme, the Ediacaran Period was ratified in 2004, the first period-level addition to the geologic time scale in more than a century, an important advancement in stratigraphy. There are two main problems in the current scheme of Proterozoic chrouostratigraphical division： （1） the definition of the Archean-Proterozoic boundary at 2500 Ma, which does not reflect a unique time of synchronous global change in tectonic style and does not correspond with a major change in lithology; （2） the round number subdivision of the Proterozoic into several periods based on broad orogenic characteristics, which has not met with requests on the concept of modern stratigraphy, except for the Ediacaran Period. In the revised chronostratigraphic scheme for the Proterozoic, the Archean-Proterozoic boundary is placed at the major change from a reducing early Earth to a cooler, more modern Earth characterized by the supercontinent cycle, a major change that occurred at ca. 2420 Ma. Thus, a revised Proterozoic Eon （2420-542 Ma） is envisaged to extend from the Archean-Proterozoic boundary at ca. 2420 Ma to the end of the Ediacaran Period, i.e., a period marked by the progressive rise in atmospheric oxygen, supercontinent cyclicity, and the evolution of more complex （eukaryotic） fife. As with the current Proterozoic Eon, a revised Proterozoic Eon based on chronostratigraphy is envisaged to consist of three eras （Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, and Neoproterozoic）, but the boundary ages for these divisions differ from their current ages and their subdivisions into periods would also differ from current practice. A scheme is proposed for the chronostratigraphic division of the Proterozoic, based principally on geodynamic and geobiological events and their expressions in the stratigraphic record. Importantly, this revision of the Proterozoic time scale will be of significant benefit to the community as a whole and will help to drive new research that will unveil new information about the history of our planet, since the Proterozoic is a significant connecting link between the preceding Precambrian and the following Phanerozoic.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(grant No.D020641372123)
文摘The Tonghua region in the east of the Songliao Basin is a high-risk and blank area of petroleum exploration. The unrevealed key problems including the growth of source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and oil and gas source and the low exploration degree have constrained the further study of petroleum geological conditions and exploration deployment. Based on outcrop and core observations, geological section survey, trench exploration, high-precision gravity and magnetism and geological survey wells, this work discussed the basic geological conditions, main hydrocarbon source rocks, hydrocarbon generation potential and the oil and gas source.
基金supported by The State Key Science Research Programme for Global Change Research of China(Grant No. 2010CB951404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41071043,41271083)
文摘Since the 20th century, numerous Quaternary moraine dating methods have emerged, including lichenometric, moraine 14C, quartz sand thermoluminescence （TL）, electron spin resonance （ESR）, optically stimulated luminescence （OSL） and 10Be, 26A1, 36C1, 3H, 21Ne nuclide dating methods. These dating methods are widely applied to determine moraine ages and have provided a large dataset. Unfortunately each method has its defects. In this paper, we will review these various dating methods and provide some comments.
文摘1 Significance of All Solid State Laser (DPL) Technology in Field of LaserBecause of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, small size and light weight, DPL becomes the hotspot and priority of development of laser technology. It may be the main body of laser in the future and replace gas laser and liquid laser. It is a great revolution of laser technology.The developed countries vie in developing DPL. China has achieved great success in this field, but there is a wide gap between the developed countries and us. We should attach great importance to it.
文摘The first International Conference on Modern Process Mineralogy and Mineral Processing, organized by the Nonferrous Metals Society of China and hosted by Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,was held on September 22-25,1992,in Beijing,China.About 350 scholars and experts from 25 countries and regions showed up at the conference and 130 papers were presented,among them 98 papers are of mineral processing.Some of the papers given in mineral processing are summed up as follows.
文摘Foreword Respecting and protecting human rights is a constitutional principle in China.It also reflects the will and pursuit of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the Chinese government and the Chinese people.The judiciary is the last line of defense to safeguard social fairness and justice,and judicial protection of human rights is an important
文摘It is an important direction for China's power industry to master the design and the equipment manufacturing core technology of large-capacity HVDC power transmission systems,and to form the sustainable development capability.
基金Part research results of"Cementing bond packing upgrading and bionic well wall consolidation drilling fluid techniques"of a key CNPC project"New technology and method of drilling"(No.2011A-4207)
文摘Well cementing is an important step in petroleum engineering territory. Through many years study and research, China Nation Petroleum Corporation(abbreviated as CNPC) has made many good progresses in cementing process, and a series of cementing materials, cementing tools, and associated cementing techniques to them have been developed. Over the recent years, there have been significant improvements in application of single slurry system to super deep well, horizontal well, large displacement well and wells with large temperature span between cementing top and well bottom. Favorable results have been gained in field application of super high density cement slurry system and super low density cement slurry system. Application of conventional cementing tools and accessories has been the matured techniques, and breakthroughs have been made in liner hanger and swellable material.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project“Enrichment Law and Target Evaluation of Permian-Middle Triassic Large Gas Fields in Sichuan Basin”(No.2016ZX05007-004)PetroChina Company Limited's Major Science and Technology Project“Southwest Oil and Gas Field Natural Gas Production 30 billion cubic meters of key technologies and applications”(No.2016E-0602).
文摘In recent years,natural gas exploration in the deep marine carbonates of the Sichuan Basin has been strengthened continuously.And based on the research results in the regional geological setting,a great number of new geological understandings are obtained in terms of lithofacies palaogeography,reservoir genesis and hydrocarbon accumulation evolution.What's more,new progress of natural gas exploration is achieved in many strata and domains in the Sichuan Basin,e.g.Qixia Fm of Middle Permian,Maokou Fm and Emeishan basalt,and the prospect of natural gas exploration is promising.In this paper,the recent exploration achievements of Middle Permian natural gas in the Sichuan Basin were summarized.First,under the control of palaeogeomorphology of late Caledonian,marginal platform shoal and girdle intra-platform shoal that are distributed in a large scale were developed at the edge of western Sichuan sea basin and in the periphery of central Sichuan paleo-uplift during the sedimentation of Qixia Fm,and they are large in scale and extensive in distribution range.Dolomite reservoirs are developed with good gas bearing property.Second,two kinds of reservoir bodies are mainly developed in the Maokou Fm of the Sichuan Basin.One is the shoal body which is developed along the marginal platform and the intra-platform high belt under the control of facies belt superimposed with late dolomitization,and the other is the effective karst reservoir which is distributed at the karst slope belt under the action of large-scale erosion in the late Maokou period.Third,volcanic gas reservoirs are discovered in the areas of Chengdu and Jianyang,and their quality reservoirs are of volcanic eruption facies and characterized by great thickness,good physical properties and extensive distribution.The discovery of this new type of gas reservoir expands the exploration domain of Middle Permian natural gas in the Sichuan Basin.In conclusion,the improvement of the large-scale natural gas exploration potential in many strata and domains of Middle Permian in the Sichuan Basin promotes it to be one important replacement domain of the further increase of natural gas production and reserves in the Sichuan Basin.
基金supported by the National Major Science and Technology Project(No.2016ZX05007-003)Type“A”Special Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA14010403)PetroChina Special Major Science and Technology Project(No.2016B-0601).
文摘As natural gas exploration expands to deep,ultra-deep and unconventional areas,more and more complex exploration targets are encountered.In this circumstance,it is necessary to improve the existing basic natural gas geological theories for guiding the exploration and discovery of more giant gas fields.In this paper,the researches on basic natural gas geological theories since the beginning of the 12th Five-Year Plan were engaged,and then the key exploration target zones were analyzed.Some results were obtained.(1)The theory of whole-process hydrocarbon generation of organic matters was improved and the geologic theories of organic matter hydrocarbon generation(e.g.the thermal evolution model of kerogen degradation and the successive gas generation of organic matters)were developed.(2)Multi-element natural gas genesis identification method,quantitative evaluation method for different types of seals/caprocks,tight sandstone gas accumulation theory for low hydrocarbon generation intensity region,and hydrocarbon accumulation theory for giant ancient carbonate gas field were established,and the geological theories of gas generation,genesis identification and hydrocarbon accumulation were developed to provide the effective guidance for the exploration breakthrough and discovery of giant gas fields in the key basins of China recently.Four conclusions were reached:(1)ancient carbonate rock,tight sandstone,foreland region,shale and volcanic rock are primary exploration targets for discovering giant gas fields;(2)craton and foreland basins are still the key exploration areas,and ancient uplift,gentle slope and thrust belt are the main enrichment zones;(3)ancient strata and deep formations are critical gas exploration targets in the future;(4)oil cracking gas in marine basins,tight sandstone gas and shale gas are the important replacement resources for future gas reserves and production growth.
文摘Brain injury refers to the damage to the craniocerebral area caused by various reasons. Skull fractures can be divided into different types in clinical practice, the first is linear skull fracture, the second is depressed skull fracture, and the third is comminuted skull fracture. With the development of the transportation industry, construction and other industries, the incidence of the disease has been increasing, and the causes of injury include direct effects and indirect violence. As far as craniocerebral injury is concerned, it is a common clinical disease, and patients have poor results after traditional treatment. Nowadays, surgical treatment is widely used in clinical practice, which can significantly reduce the intracranial pressure of patients. Bilateral decompressive craniectomy and Compared with conventional surgery, there are many advantages, and in patients with intracranial injury, significant curative effects have been achieved.
文摘Critical care medicine department is the most important department in hospital. Most of the patients in this department are in critical condition, and most of them will be accompanied by respiratory failure. The introduction and application of mechanical ventilation can greatly improve the survival rate of ICU patients, but continuous mechanical ventilation will also bring some adverse effects to patients, such as affecting ICU acquisition and prolonging ICU stay time, which has a serious impact on their later life quality. A large number of clinical practices have proved that early rehabilitation training for ICU patients with mechanical ventilation can prevent complications, and at the same time, it can effectively shorten the time of mechanical ventilation, which is of great help to the rehabilitation of ICU patients with mechanical ventilation. This article summarizes and analyzes the application measures of early rehabilitation training in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation from various angles, so as to provide reliable reference for the application of early rehabilitation training.
文摘December 2017 Contents PreambleⅠ.Improving the Legal Framework to Ensure Human RightsⅡ.Promoting Law-based Administration to Protect the Citizens’Lawful Rights and InterestsⅢ.Effectively Enhancing Judicial Protection of Human RightsⅣ.Consolidating Social Mechanisms for Legal Protection of Human RightsⅤ.Strengthening the CPC Leadership over Legal Protection of Human RightsⅥ.Actively Promoting the Development of Global Human Rights Under the Rule of Law
文摘The 2018 Beijing Forum on Human Rights opens on this wonderful autumn day.On behalf of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, I wish to express warm congratulations on the opening of the forum and a sincere welcome to all vips from home and abroad.
基金supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(Grant No.XDA01020304)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41172161)National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB950204)
文摘Global climate change and its possible ecological consequences have become the focused issue(IPCC,2007;Mann et al.,2008;Ding et al.,2009).The Holocene contains the analogous characteristic of future climatic change and the continuous agriculture activity,providing the ideal"similar pattern"for studying the climate change and human adaption and impact in the future.Based on the recent studies of stalagmite,ice core,ocean,and lake etc.,the paper introduces the new progress in the Holocene climate and agriculture research in China as follows:(1)Discuss the variability,amplitude,and unstable characteristic of climate,as well as the abrupt events and mechanisms of climate.(2)Analyze the botanical index records for studying the early agriculture.(3)Review the agricultural origin,expanding,and development.(4)Reveal the style and intensity of early agriculture and understand the agricultural impact and adaption to the environmental changes.(5)Introduce ongoing research projects in China and emphasize the significance of increasing the dating precision and the indicative effectiveness of proxies.(6)Realize how the ecosystem and environmental factors respond to the increasing temperature process,understand how the human adapt to the rapid climate change,and provide the scientific basis for assessing the effects of climate change and the human adaption in the future.
基金This work is jointly funded by the national key-research project ＂Innovative Researches on Chinese Numerical Weather Prediction System＂ （Grant No. 2004BA607B）the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China ＂Study on Weather Prediction Associated with Heavy Precipitation in China＂ （Grant No. 40233036）.
文摘This paper summarizes the recent progress of numerical weather prediction （NWP） research since the last review was published. The new generation NWP system named GRAPES （the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System）, which consists of variational or sequential data assimilation and nonhydrostatic prediction model with options of configuration for either global or regional domains, is briefly introduced, with stress on their scientific design and preliminary results during pre-operational implementation. In addition to the development of GRAPES, the achievements in new methodologies of data assimilation, new improvements of model physics such as parameterization of clouds and planetary boundary layer, mesoscale ensemble prediction system and numerical prediction of air quality are presented. The scientific issues which should be emphasized for the future are discussed finally.
