The present study has obtained the new model of the reservoir filtration problem by taking into account the effect of wellbore storage and skin and by making use of the coupled equations of doubled porous media filtra...The present study has obtained the new model of the reservoir filtration problem by taking into account the effect of wellbore storage and skin and by making use of the coupled equations of doubled porous media filtration and consequently has got, through various forms of limits, the exact analytical solutions of the three common reservoirs (fissure, homogeneous and the two-layered) pressure distribution under the conditions of three boundaries, i.e., infinite boundary, sealed finite boundary and the finite boundary at constant pressures.展开更多
Objective Aeolian sediments on the Chinese Loess Plateau contain some of the best continental archives of palaeoclimate change in the Late Cenozoic. The consensus that alternating MS in loess-paleosols in China was du...Objective Aeolian sediments on the Chinese Loess Plateau contain some of the best continental archives of palaeoclimate change in the Late Cenozoic. The consensus that alternating MS in loess-paleosols in China was due to the strengthening and weakening of the East Asian palaeomonsoon provides an excellent climate record when correlated with global ice volume. Significantly, new basal dates from the red clay underlying the loess-paleosol sequence indicate that wind-blown dust began to accumulate on the Chinese Loess Plateau at least 22 million years ago. There are differences of opinion,展开更多
Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a rare and lethal malignancy;however,it represents the most common type of biliary tract cancer.Patients with GBC are often diagnosed at an advanced stage,thus,unfortunately,losing the opport...Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a rare and lethal malignancy;however,it represents the most common type of biliary tract cancer.Patients with GBC are often diagnosed at an advanced stage,thus,unfortunately,losing the opportunity for curative surgical intervention.This situation leads to lower quality of life and higher mortality rates.In recent years,the rapid development of endoscopic equipment and techniques has provided new avenues and possibilities for the early and minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of GBC.This editorial comments on the article by Pavlidis et al.Building upon their work,we explore the new needs and corresponding models for managing GBC from the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment perspective.展开更多
The principal assumptions about equivalence and energy distribution of the asdorption sites on solidsurfaces used by Langmuir for deriving the equation of monomolecular adsorption are generalized and anew physical ads...The principal assumptions about equivalence and energy distribution of the asdorption sites on solidsurfaces used by Langmuir for deriving the equation of monomolecular adsorption are generalized and anew physical adsorption model is proposed and tested with experimental data published in literature.Themodels of Langmuir,Freundlich,Temkin etc.are only the special cases.Assuming uniform density distributionof adsorption energy,the isotherm equation is given asn=K.1n[1+（bop）1/Mor n=K.1n[1+（boC）1/M]where n is the amount of adsorption per unit weight or area of solid p or C is tbe pressure of gas or the concen-tration of solution respectively.K,bo,M are constants with physical meanings as described in this paper.This equation can be used over wide range to quantitatively represent the five types of physical adsorptionclassified by Brunauer.展开更多
Vulvodynia is a prevalent form of chronic pain, most com- monly affecting the vaginal vestibule （vestibulodynia） （Pukall et al., 2016）. Women with vulvodynia describe intense pain in response to light touch of the...Vulvodynia is a prevalent form of chronic pain, most com- monly affecting the vaginal vestibule （vestibulodynia） （Pukall et al., 2016）. Women with vulvodynia describe intense pain in response to light touch of the affected region, such that sexual function and other activities can be severely limited. Medical costs associated with vulvodynia are high, exceeding $21 billion annually in the United States （Xie et al., 2012）. The high level of direct medical costs has been linked to high treatment failure rates. Many women with the disorder consult multiple practitioners and undergo multiple courses of treatment with limited benefit.展开更多
An analytical model of a ring with six yield hinges and two deformable arc segments is presented for. the prediction of the buckle propagation pressure and initiation pressure in offshore pipelines. The configuration ...An analytical model of a ring with six yield hinges and two deformable arc segments is presented for. the prediction of the buckle propagation pressure and initiation pressure in offshore pipelines. The configuration of a fully collapsed ring is considered as a real dumbbell shape with a line touch between two 'bells', instead of the dumbbell shape with a point touch of two diametrically opposite points. Calculations are performed assuming that the dominant effect on the plastic energy dissipation has the circumferential bending mode. For the linear strain-hardening materials it is found that theoretical predictions based on the above model for both propagation pressure and initiation nressure are in good agreement with experimental results of Kyriakides et al.展开更多
The described structural model tries to answer some open questions such as: Why do quarks not exist in the open state? Where are the antiparticles from the Big Bang?
This paper focuses on the problems,opportunities,and challenges faced by software engineering education in the new era.We have studied the core ideas of the new model and reform,the specific measures implemented,and t...This paper focuses on the problems,opportunities,and challenges faced by software engineering education in the new era.We have studied the core ideas of the new model and reform,the specific measures implemented,and the challenges and solutions faced.The new model and reform must focus on cultivating practical abilities,introducing interdisciplinary knowledge,and strengthening innovation awareness and entrepreneurial spirit.The process of reform and innovation is carried out from the aspects of teaching methods,teaching means,and course performance evaluation in the teaching practice of software engineering courses.We adopt a method of“question guiding,simple and easy to understand,flexible and diverse,and emphasizing practical results”,optimizing the curriculum design,providing diverse learning opportunities,and establishing a platform for the industry-university-research cooperation.Our teaching philosophy is to adhere to the viewpoint of innovative teaching ideas,optimizing teaching methods and teaching means,and comprehensively improving the teaching quality and level of software engineering education.展开更多
This paper establishes a new model for calculation of the standard entropies of solid binary oxides as follows: S_(29)=27.07×Φ_1+1.120×Φ_2+n_1×k×Φ, -22.19 e.u (R=0.9960) We have invesigated 103 ...This paper establishes a new model for calculation of the standard entropies of solid binary oxides as follows: S_(29)=27.07×Φ_1+1.120×Φ_2+n_1×k×Φ, -22.19 e.u (R=0.9960) We have invesigated 103 binary oxides. and found good agreemenl between estimated and experimental entropies.展开更多
How to extend the flexibility of the budget control to adapt for need of strategy management and management control is a difficult and very important problem. The purpose of this paper is to study tentatively this pro...How to extend the flexibility of the budget control to adapt for need of strategy management and management control is a difficult and very important problem. The purpose of this paper is to study tentatively this problem based on the extant results of controllability principle and budgeting in management control system of organization. In this paper, three main results are as follows： （1） To disclose that the controllability of an organization is one characteristic of the budgeting systems and the controllability is not impartial and not single personal action. （2） To discuss tentatively an improved budgeting system to improve the several weaknesses of traditional budgeting control that Otley （1999） summarized from the academic and practitioner literatures in order to improve the controllability of strategy management with budget flexibility. （3） To build the new model of flexible budget with three new features： it makes strategy objectives easily achievable and controllable; it makes controllers have a more strategic role; it can balance these multiple goals when they cannot be achieved simultaneously and external conditions are more demanding.展开更多
To cope with the current crisis and tensions full-filled China-US relationship, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the concept of building a new model of China-US big power relations, which the US agrees. Yet th...To cope with the current crisis and tensions full-filled China-US relationship, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the concept of building a new model of China-US big power relations, which the US agrees. Yet the new model won a heated discussion. In China this new model was evaluated positively and optimistically, while in the US it was perceived as a strategic challenge or even a threat. In the present article, the author proposes that this new model of China-US big power relations is more like a symbolic sign in foreign affairs rather than a strategic challenge or a threat or an effective and workable mechanism at this moment, and meanwhile analyses this view from diachronic and semiotic perspectives. The analyses reveal that the new model functions as a symbolic sign, signifying to the world that conceptually the two big powers have a good and harmonious relationship.展开更多
The Tianjin Mini-Automobile Factory is a main engine factory of the Tianjin Aotomoibile Industry (Group) Co. Ltd., and also a manufacturer of the Charade sedan cars of economy model. It is one of China’s four major s...The Tianjin Mini-Automobile Factory is a main engine factory of the Tianjin Aotomoibile Industry (Group) Co. Ltd., and also a manufacturer of the Charade sedan cars of economy model. It is one of China’s four major sedan car production bases. In 1995, it formed a production capacity of 150 thousand sedan cars. The Charade sedan cars still occupy 60 percent market share of the national taxi market. The Tianjin Mini-Automobile Factory now has a total staff of 3,914. It covers an ama of 429,000 square metres,展开更多
At the China International Food Packing Machinery Exhibition, the new model die set for PET plastic jet-mouldingmachine developed by the Zhejiang Province Taizhou Municipality Huangyan Sanyou Plastics Factory attracte...At the China International Food Packing Machinery Exhibition, the new model die set for PET plastic jet-mouldingmachine developed by the Zhejiang Province Taizhou Municipality Huangyan Sanyou Plastics Factory attracted the attention of numerous domestic and foreign clients. They rushed to the stand in great numbers for consultation and talks on ordering. According to the evaluation of the experts concerned, the die set is the most advanced one nationwide for PET plastic jet-moulding machinery.展开更多
This paper has researched on six kinds of the corporate DNA models, which have set up and analyzed its limitations, regarded the corporation as a vital organism, and put forward the judging standard for corporate DNA ...This paper has researched on six kinds of the corporate DNA models, which have set up and analyzed its limitations, regarded the corporation as a vital organism, and put forward the judging standard for corporate DNA by analogism. According to the standard, the components of the corporate DNA are judged and a new model has been established. The corporate DNA is composed of four DNA chains, which overlap and intercross in the model. Based on the new model, the concept of the corporate central dogma is put forward. The element and information transmission way of corporate information are discussed in the corporate central dogma.展开更多
Proposed by the Chinese Government,China and 16 Central and East European(CEE)countries jointly launched the framework of 16+1 cooperation in 2012.China has actively practiced the concept of openness,inclusiveness and...Proposed by the Chinese Government,China and 16 Central and East European(CEE)countries jointly launched the framework of 16+1 cooperation in 2012.China has actively practiced the concept of openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation,putting it into the framework of 16+1 cooperation and making new attempts in constructing a new model of international relations.Over the展开更多
Viscosity of natural gas is a basic and important parameter,of theoretical and practical significance in the domain of natural gas recovery,transmission and processing.In order to obtain the accurate viscosity data ef...Viscosity of natural gas is a basic and important parameter,of theoretical and practical significance in the domain of natural gas recovery,transmission and processing.In order to obtain the accurate viscosity data efficiently at a low cost,a new model and its corresponding functional relation are derived on the basis of the relationship among viscosity,temperature and density derived from the kinetic theory of gases.After the model parameters were optimized using a lot of experimental data,the diagram showing the variation of viscosity along with temperature and density is prepared,showing that:①the gas viscosity increases with the increase of density as well as the increase of temperature in the low density region;②the gas viscosity increases with the decrease of temperature in high density region.With this new model,the viscosity of 9 natural gas samples was calculated precisely.The average relative deviation between these calculated values and 1539 experimental data measured at 250e450 K and 0.10e140.0 MPa is less than 1.9%.Compared with the 793 experimental data with a measurement error less than 0.5%,the maximum relative deviation is less than 0.98%.It is concluded that this new model is more advantageous than the previous 8 models in terms of simplicity,accuracy,fast calculation,and direct applicability to the CO_(2) bearing gas samples.展开更多
As a significant inducement during the development of oil and gas,the role of remaining recoverable reserves is more observable especially in the later phase of development of oilfield.Depended on the production decli...As a significant inducement during the development of oil and gas,the role of remaining recoverable reserves is more observable especially in the later phase of development of oilfield.Depended on the production decline method in petroleum reservoir engineering,a new model of predicting recoverable and remaining recoverable reserves has been展开更多
Recently,e-commerce develops rapidly,advancing express delivery services,but the whole logistics are incomplete,especially for the issue of ＂the last one-kilometer ＂.For example,the research reviewed status quo and ...Recently,e-commerce develops rapidly,advancing express delivery services,but the whole logistics are incomplete,especially for the issue of ＂the last one-kilometer ＂.For example,the research reviewed status quo and problems of Tianjin Agricultural University and made improvements on campus delivery services to explore the status quo and resolving ways,exploit the hint business opportunity in campus express model,improve efficiency and service attitude and get doublewin of both parties involved.展开更多
The cavitation field from a horn-type transducer is experimentally probed by the optical method.Based on these observations,we propose a model of the field which hypothesizes that most violent caviation bubbles origin...The cavitation field from a horn-type transducer is experimentally probed by the optical method.Based on these observations,we propose a model of the field which hypothesizes that most violent caviation bubbles originate from the vibrating surface and there-from fast drift to the near liquid region.These bubbles are chiefly responsible for the practical applications of cavitation for a large power input to the transducer.During migration they become weakened.Cavitation bubbles are also produced in the liquid region by the acoustic wave directly emitted by the transducer,but these bubbles are weak due to the shielding effect of the bubbles clinging to the transducer vibrating surface.Consequently,only weak cavitation bubbles exist in the far liquid region.展开更多
Building a new model of major-country relationships is an unprecedented undertaking requiring theoretical support. However, existing theories, whether Western or Chinese, find it hard to assume the task of providing t...Building a new model of major-country relationships is an unprecedented undertaking requiring theoretical support. However, existing theories, whether Western or Chinese, find it hard to assume the task of providing the theoretical foundation for such a model. Corporatism, which has both Chinese and Western cultural elements, offers conditions for such an undertaking. Although China-U.S. relations have some unusual features, corporatism offers the prospect of directing them away from the ＂Thucydides trap＂ and avoiding the political tragedies of major powers. For China and the world, making corporatism or group cooperation the central idea in building the new model of major-country relations will be a big step forward for the model and for international relations.展开更多
文摘The present study has obtained the new model of the reservoir filtration problem by taking into account the effect of wellbore storage and skin and by making use of the coupled equations of doubled porous media filtration and consequently has got, through various forms of limits, the exact analytical solutions of the three common reservoirs (fissure, homogeneous and the two-layered) pressure distribution under the conditions of three boundaries, i.e., infinite boundary, sealed finite boundary and the finite boundary at constant pressures.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.41421002, 41372037,41372036,41372020 and 41002052)
文摘Objective Aeolian sediments on the Chinese Loess Plateau contain some of the best continental archives of palaeoclimate change in the Late Cenozoic. The consensus that alternating MS in loess-paleosols in China was due to the strengthening and weakening of the East Asian palaeomonsoon provides an excellent climate record when correlated with global ice volume. Significantly, new basal dates from the red clay underlying the loess-paleosol sequence indicate that wind-blown dust began to accumulate on the Chinese Loess Plateau at least 22 million years ago. There are differences of opinion,
基金the Education and Teaching Reform Project of the First Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University,No.CMER202305the Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine,Chongqing Medical University,No.W0138.
文摘Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is a rare and lethal malignancy;however,it represents the most common type of biliary tract cancer.Patients with GBC are often diagnosed at an advanced stage,thus,unfortunately,losing the opportunity for curative surgical intervention.This situation leads to lower quality of life and higher mortality rates.In recent years,the rapid development of endoscopic equipment and techniques has provided new avenues and possibilities for the early and minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of GBC.This editorial comments on the article by Pavlidis et al.Building upon their work,we explore the new needs and corresponding models for managing GBC from the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment perspective.
文摘The principal assumptions about equivalence and energy distribution of the asdorption sites on solidsurfaces used by Langmuir for deriving the equation of monomolecular adsorption are generalized and anew physical adsorption model is proposed and tested with experimental data published in literature.Themodels of Langmuir,Freundlich,Temkin etc.are only the special cases.Assuming uniform density distributionof adsorption energy,the isotherm equation is given asn=K.1n[1+（bop）1/Mor n=K.1n[1+（boC）1/M]where n is the amount of adsorption per unit weight or area of solid p or C is tbe pressure of gas or the concen-tration of solution respectively.K,bo,M are constants with physical meanings as described in this paper.This equation can be used over wide range to quantitatively represent the five types of physical adsorptionclassified by Brunauer.
基金A project described in this work regarding innervation changes in the murine vagina in response to inflammation was supported by a grant from the Centre for Neuroscience,Flinders University,Australia
文摘Vulvodynia is a prevalent form of chronic pain, most com- monly affecting the vaginal vestibule （vestibulodynia） （Pukall et al., 2016）. Women with vulvodynia describe intense pain in response to light touch of the affected region, such that sexual function and other activities can be severely limited. Medical costs associated with vulvodynia are high, exceeding $21 billion annually in the United States （Xie et al., 2012）. The high level of direct medical costs has been linked to high treatment failure rates. Many women with the disorder consult multiple practitioners and undergo multiple courses of treatment with limited benefit.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation
文摘An analytical model of a ring with six yield hinges and two deformable arc segments is presented for. the prediction of the buckle propagation pressure and initiation pressure in offshore pipelines. The configuration of a fully collapsed ring is considered as a real dumbbell shape with a line touch between two 'bells', instead of the dumbbell shape with a point touch of two diametrically opposite points. Calculations are performed assuming that the dominant effect on the plastic energy dissipation has the circumferential bending mode. For the linear strain-hardening materials it is found that theoretical predictions based on the above model for both propagation pressure and initiation nressure are in good agreement with experimental results of Kyriakides et al.
文摘The described structural model tries to answer some open questions such as: Why do quarks not exist in the open state? Where are the antiparticles from the Big Bang?
基金supported in part by the postgraduate demonstration course of Guangdong Province Department of Education Programmed Trading(No.2023SFKC_022)the Computer Architecture First Class Course Project,South China Normal University-Baidu Pineapple Talent Training Practice Basethe 2023 Project of Computer Education Research Association of Chinese Universities(No.CERACU2023R02)。
文摘This paper focuses on the problems,opportunities,and challenges faced by software engineering education in the new era.We have studied the core ideas of the new model and reform,the specific measures implemented,and the challenges and solutions faced.The new model and reform must focus on cultivating practical abilities,introducing interdisciplinary knowledge,and strengthening innovation awareness and entrepreneurial spirit.The process of reform and innovation is carried out from the aspects of teaching methods,teaching means,and course performance evaluation in the teaching practice of software engineering courses.We adopt a method of“question guiding,simple and easy to understand,flexible and diverse,and emphasizing practical results”,optimizing the curriculum design,providing diverse learning opportunities,and establishing a platform for the industry-university-research cooperation.Our teaching philosophy is to adhere to the viewpoint of innovative teaching ideas,optimizing teaching methods and teaching means,and comprehensively improving the teaching quality and level of software engineering education.
文摘This paper establishes a new model for calculation of the standard entropies of solid binary oxides as follows: S_(29)=27.07×Φ_1+1.120×Φ_2+n_1×k×Φ, -22.19 e.u (R=0.9960) We have invesigated 103 binary oxides. and found good agreemenl between estimated and experimental entropies.
文摘How to extend the flexibility of the budget control to adapt for need of strategy management and management control is a difficult and very important problem. The purpose of this paper is to study tentatively this problem based on the extant results of controllability principle and budgeting in management control system of organization. In this paper, three main results are as follows： （1） To disclose that the controllability of an organization is one characteristic of the budgeting systems and the controllability is not impartial and not single personal action. （2） To discuss tentatively an improved budgeting system to improve the several weaknesses of traditional budgeting control that Otley （1999） summarized from the academic and practitioner literatures in order to improve the controllability of strategy management with budget flexibility. （3） To build the new model of flexible budget with three new features： it makes strategy objectives easily achievable and controllable; it makes controllers have a more strategic role; it can balance these multiple goals when they cannot be achieved simultaneously and external conditions are more demanding.
文摘To cope with the current crisis and tensions full-filled China-US relationship, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the concept of building a new model of China-US big power relations, which the US agrees. Yet the new model won a heated discussion. In China this new model was evaluated positively and optimistically, while in the US it was perceived as a strategic challenge or even a threat. In the present article, the author proposes that this new model of China-US big power relations is more like a symbolic sign in foreign affairs rather than a strategic challenge or a threat or an effective and workable mechanism at this moment, and meanwhile analyses this view from diachronic and semiotic perspectives. The analyses reveal that the new model functions as a symbolic sign, signifying to the world that conceptually the two big powers have a good and harmonious relationship.
文摘The Tianjin Mini-Automobile Factory is a main engine factory of the Tianjin Aotomoibile Industry (Group) Co. Ltd., and also a manufacturer of the Charade sedan cars of economy model. It is one of China’s four major sedan car production bases. In 1995, it formed a production capacity of 150 thousand sedan cars. The Charade sedan cars still occupy 60 percent market share of the national taxi market. The Tianjin Mini-Automobile Factory now has a total staff of 3,914. It covers an ama of 429,000 square metres,
文摘At the China International Food Packing Machinery Exhibition, the new model die set for PET plastic jet-mouldingmachine developed by the Zhejiang Province Taizhou Municipality Huangyan Sanyou Plastics Factory attracted the attention of numerous domestic and foreign clients. They rushed to the stand in great numbers for consultation and talks on ordering. According to the evaluation of the experts concerned, the die set is the most advanced one nationwide for PET plastic jet-moulding machinery.
文摘This paper has researched on six kinds of the corporate DNA models, which have set up and analyzed its limitations, regarded the corporation as a vital organism, and put forward the judging standard for corporate DNA by analogism. According to the standard, the components of the corporate DNA are judged and a new model has been established. The corporate DNA is composed of four DNA chains, which overlap and intercross in the model. Based on the new model, the concept of the corporate central dogma is put forward. The element and information transmission way of corporate information are discussed in the corporate central dogma.
文摘Proposed by the Chinese Government,China and 16 Central and East European(CEE)countries jointly launched the framework of 16+1 cooperation in 2012.China has actively practiced the concept of openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation,putting it into the framework of 16+1 cooperation and making new attempts in constructing a new model of international relations.Over the
文摘Viscosity of natural gas is a basic and important parameter,of theoretical and practical significance in the domain of natural gas recovery,transmission and processing.In order to obtain the accurate viscosity data efficiently at a low cost,a new model and its corresponding functional relation are derived on the basis of the relationship among viscosity,temperature and density derived from the kinetic theory of gases.After the model parameters were optimized using a lot of experimental data,the diagram showing the variation of viscosity along with temperature and density is prepared,showing that:①the gas viscosity increases with the increase of density as well as the increase of temperature in the low density region;②the gas viscosity increases with the decrease of temperature in high density region.With this new model,the viscosity of 9 natural gas samples was calculated precisely.The average relative deviation between these calculated values and 1539 experimental data measured at 250e450 K and 0.10e140.0 MPa is less than 1.9%.Compared with the 793 experimental data with a measurement error less than 0.5%,the maximum relative deviation is less than 0.98%.It is concluded that this new model is more advantageous than the previous 8 models in terms of simplicity,accuracy,fast calculation,and direct applicability to the CO_(2) bearing gas samples.
文摘As a significant inducement during the development of oil and gas,the role of remaining recoverable reserves is more observable especially in the later phase of development of oilfield.Depended on the production decline method in petroleum reservoir engineering,a new model of predicting recoverable and remaining recoverable reserves has been
文摘Recently,e-commerce develops rapidly,advancing express delivery services,but the whole logistics are incomplete,especially for the issue of ＂the last one-kilometer ＂.For example,the research reviewed status quo and problems of Tianjin Agricultural University and made improvements on campus delivery services to explore the status quo and resolving ways,exploit the hint business opportunity in campus express model,improve efficiency and service attitude and get doublewin of both parties involved.
文摘The cavitation field from a horn-type transducer is experimentally probed by the optical method.Based on these observations,we propose a model of the field which hypothesizes that most violent caviation bubbles originate from the vibrating surface and there-from fast drift to the near liquid region.These bubbles are chiefly responsible for the practical applications of cavitation for a large power input to the transducer.During migration they become weakened.Cavitation bubbles are also produced in the liquid region by the acoustic wave directly emitted by the transducer,but these bubbles are weak due to the shielding effect of the bubbles clinging to the transducer vibrating surface.Consequently,only weak cavitation bubbles exist in the far liquid region.
文摘Building a new model of major-country relationships is an unprecedented undertaking requiring theoretical support. However, existing theories, whether Western or Chinese, find it hard to assume the task of providing the theoretical foundation for such a model. Corporatism, which has both Chinese and Western cultural elements, offers conditions for such an undertaking. Although China-U.S. relations have some unusual features, corporatism offers the prospect of directing them away from the ＂Thucydides trap＂ and avoiding the political tragedies of major powers. For China and the world, making corporatism or group cooperation the central idea in building the new model of major-country relations will be a big step forward for the model and for international relations.
