In the present research,nutrient broth(NB)medium was identified to be able to neutralize the antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives.Therefore,an improved test method independent of NB medium was propos...In the present research,nutrient broth(NB)medium was identified to be able to neutralize the antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives.Therefore,an improved test method independent of NB medium was proposed to precisely quantify the antibacterial effectiveness and efficiency of chitosan.The minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of chitosan was 60μg m L^(-1) against S.aureus and E.coli,and 0.01%(w/v)chitosan could kill 100%of bacteria within 3 min.From another point of view,the neutralizing efficiency of NB could be tripled by adding 25 g L^(-1) of sodium chloride.Then the neutralizing mechanism of NB medium was ascribed to flocculation between chitosan and protein.Adding extra sodium chloride could significantly reduce the size of floccules,and smaller floccules would lose the ability of binding with bacteria directly,showing higher neutralizing rate on the macro scale.展开更多
Inductively coupled radio-frequency（RF） plasma neutralizer（RPN） is an insert-free device that can be employed as an electron source in electric propulsion applications.Electron-extraction characteristics of the RP...Inductively coupled radio-frequency（RF） plasma neutralizer（RPN） is an insert-free device that can be employed as an electron source in electric propulsion applications.Electron-extraction characteristics of the RPN are related to the bulk plasma parameters and the device＇s geometry.Therefore,the effects of different electron-extraction apertures and operational parameters upon the electron-extraction characteristics are investigated according to the global nonambipolar flow and sheath model.Moreover,these models can also be used to explain why the electron-extraction characteristics of the RPN strongly depend upon the formation of the anode spot.During the experimental study,two types of anode spots are observed.Each of them has unique characteristics of electron extraction.Moreover,the hysteresis of an anode spot is observed by changing the xenon volume-flow rates or the bias voltages.In addition,the rapid ignited method,gas-utilization factor,electron-extraction cost and other factors that need to be considered in the design of the RPN are also discussed.展开更多
Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) spectrometers are subject to several restrictions when a radioactive source is employed to bring the aerosol to a steady-state charge distribution. An alternative solution, comm...Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) spectrometers are subject to several restrictions when a radioactive source is employed to bring the aerosol to a steady-state charge distribution. An alternative solution, commercially available, is represented by the soft X-ray neutralizer. The present study investigates the outcome of a combination of a Grimm SMPS, which employs a 241Am radioactive source, with the soft X-ray advanced aerosol neutralizer (TSI model 3087). To date, the latter device has been interfaced only with TSI’s Electrostatic Classifiers. Particle size distribution of sodium chloride aerosol was measured with both neutralizers and it was found that the particle number concentration agreed to be within 9% for the 10 - 700 nm range. This difference mainly corresponds to the bias reported by TSI, when the X-ray device is mounted on a TSI spectrometer. It was concluded that the X-ray neutralizer could be usefully employed, as a standalone device, in combination with Grimm Electrostatic Classifiers.展开更多
Large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))removal technology is an essential step to cope with global warming and achieve carbon neutrality.Direct air capture(DAC)has recently received increasing attention given...Large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))removal technology is an essential step to cope with global warming and achieve carbon neutrality.Direct air capture(DAC)has recently received increasing attention given the high flexibility to remove CO_(2)from discrete sources.Porous materials with adjustable pore characteristics are promising sorbents with low or no latent heat of vaporization.This review article has summarized the recent development of porous sorbents for DAC,with a focus of pore engineering strategy and adsorption mechanism.Physisorbents such as zeolites,porous carbons,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),and amine-modified chemisorbents have been discussed and their challenges in practical application have been analyzed.At last,future directions have been proposed,and it is expected to inspire collaborations from chemistry,environment,material science and engineering communities.展开更多
This paper proposes that China,under the challenge of balancing its development and security,can aim for the Paris Agreement's goal to limit global warming to no more than 2℃by actively seeking carbonpeak and car...This paper proposes that China,under the challenge of balancing its development and security,can aim for the Paris Agreement's goal to limit global warming to no more than 2℃by actively seeking carbonpeak and carbon-neutrality pathways that align with China's national conditions,rather than following the idealized path toward the 1.5℃target by initially relying on extensive negative-emission technologies such as direct air carbon capture and storage(DACCS).This work suggests that pursuing a 1.5℃target is increasingly less feasible for China,as it would potentially incur 3–4 times the cost of pursuing the 2℃target.With China being likely to achieve a peak in its emissions around 2028,at about 12.8 billion tonnes of anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and become carbon neutral,projected global warming levels may be less severe after the 2050s than previously estimated.This could reduce the risk potential of climate tipping points and extreme events,especially considering that the other two major carbon emitters in the world(Europe and North America)have already passed their carbon peaks.While natural carbon sinks will contribute to China's carbon neutrality efforts,they are not expected to be decisive in the transition stages.This research also addresses the growing focus on climate overshoot,tipping points,extreme events,loss and damage,and methane reductions in international climate cooperation,emphasizing the need to balance these issues with China's development,security,and fairness considerations.China's pursuit of carbon neutrality will have significant implications for global emissions scenarios,warming levels,and extreme event projections,as well as for climate change hotspots of international concern,such as climate tipping points,the climate crisis,and the notion that the world has moved from a warming to a boiling era.Possible research recommendations for global emissions scenarios based on China's 2℃target pathway are also summarized.展开更多
Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and ...Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and cost-effective production.However,environmentally sustainable management remains a worldwide challenge due to the substantial production volume and limited disposal capacity of CBSWs.The physicochemical properties and utilization of CBSWs are summarized,including fly ash,coal gangue and coal gasification slag.It also presents the current global applications status of CBSWs resources and examines market supply and demand.Subsequently,the paper provides an overview of studies on ways to utilise CBSWs,highlighting the primary avenues of CBSWs resource utilization which are mainly from the fields of chemical materials,metallurgy and agriculture.Furthermore,a comparative evaluation of the various methods for CBSWs resource recovery is conducted,outlining their respective advantages and disadvantages.The future development of CBSWs recycling processes is also discussed.The review concludes that while there is a growing need for attention in CBSWs recycling,its utilization will involve a combination of both large-scale treatment and refinement processes.The paper aims to offer references and insights for the effective utilization and environmental protection of CBSWs.Future direction will focus on the collaborative utilization of CBSWs,emphasizing on the combination of large-scale and high-value utilization.In addition,there is a need to establish a comprehensive database based on on-site production practices,explore on-site solutions to reduce transportation costs,and improve physicochemical properties during the production process.展开更多
Solar energy, as a renewable resource, is an effective solution to the current global energy shortage problem. To actively respond to the call for "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", solar cell ...Solar energy, as a renewable resource, is an effective solution to the current global energy shortage problem. To actively respond to the call for "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", solar cell industry has experienced unprecedented development. The full utilization of solar energy resources remains an urgent issue to be addressed.展开更多
Thermospheric neutral winds(TNWs)refer to the neutral gases in the thermosphere circulating as tides,which play a crucial role in the dynamics of the thermosphere-ionosphere system(TIS).Global geospace neutral winds,p...Thermospheric neutral winds(TNWs)refer to the neutral gases in the thermosphere circulating as tides,which play a crucial role in the dynamics of the thermosphere-ionosphere system(TIS).Global geospace neutral winds,particularly over the magnetic equator,have been a subject of study for several decades.However,despite the known importance of neutral winds,a comprehensive understanding and characterization of the winds is still lacking.Various ground-based and satellite missions have provided valuable information on the contribution of neutral winds to the global atmospheric dynamics.However,efforts in the global monitoring of neutral winds are still lacking,and the drivers behind the behavior of TNWs as well as their influence on the TIS remain incomplete.To address these knowledge gaps in the global circulation of TNWs,it is crucial to develop a deep understanding of the neutral wind characteristics over different regions.The low-latitude equatorial region in particular has been observed to exert complex influences on TNWs because of the unique effects of the Earth’s magnetic field at the dip equator.Studying neutral winds over this region will provide valuable insights into the unique dynamics and processes that occur in this region,thereby enhancing our understanding of their role in the overall dynamics of the TIS.Additionally,through empirical observations,an improved ability to accurately model and predict the behavior of this region can be achieved.This review article addresses challenges in understanding equatorial winds by reviewing historical measurements,current missions,and the interactions of ionospheric and thermospheric phenomena,emphasizing the need for comprehensive measurements to improve global atmospheric dynamics and weather forecasting.展开更多
In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe at...In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe atmospheric disturbances caused by the Tonga volcanic eruptions on January 15,2022.The most prominent signature was the disappearance of the layer after~10:00 UT over Wuhan and Fuke,which was attributed to the vertical drift caused by the eruptions.The occurred intermittently after 13:00 UT following the arrival of the tropospheric Lamb wave.To examine the causal mechanism for the intermittence,we also included data of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region recorded by the meteor radars at Wuhan and Mohe in this study.The wind disturbances with periods of~20 hours contributed to the formation of the layer in the nighttime on January 15.展开更多
The Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging(MIGHTI)onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer(ICON)satellite offers the opportunity to investigate the altitude profile of thermospher...The Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging(MIGHTI)onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer(ICON)satellite offers the opportunity to investigate the altitude profile of thermospheric winds.In this study,we used the red-line measurements of MIGHTI to compare with the results estimated by Horizontal Wind Model 14(HWM14).The data selected included both the geomagnetic quiet period(December 2019 to August 2022)and the geomagnetic storm on August 26-28,2021.During the geomagnetic quiet period,the estimations of neutral winds from HWM14 showed relatively good agreement with the observations from ICON.According to the ICON observations,near the equator,zonal winds reverse from westward to eastward at around 06:00 local time(LT)at higher altitudes,and the stronger westward winds appear at later LTs at lower altitudes.At around 16:00 LT,eastward winds at 300 km reverse to westward,and vertical gradients of zonal winds similar to those at sunrise hours can be observed.In the middle latitudes,zonal winds reverse about 2-4 h earlier.Meridional winds vary more significantly than zonal winds with seasonal and latitudinal variations.According to the ICON observations,in the northern low latitudes,vertical reversals of meridional winds are found at 08:00-13:00 LT from 300 to 160 km and at around 18:00 LT from 300 to 200 km during the June solstice.Similar reversals of meridional winds are found at 04:00-07:00 LT from 300 to 160 km and at 22:00-02:00 LT from 270 to 200 km during the December solstice.In the southern low latitudes,meridional wind reversals occur at 08:00-11:00 LT from 200 to 160 km and at 21:00-02:00 LT from 300 to 200 km during the June solstice.During the December solstice,reversals of the meridional wind appear at 20:00-01:00 LT below 200 km and at 06:00-11:00 LT from 300 to 160 km.In the northern middle latitudes,the northward winds are dominant at 08:00-14:00 LT at 230 km during the June solstice.Northward winds persist until 16:00 LT at 160 and 300 km.During the December solstice,the northward winds are dominant from 06:00 to 21:00 LT.The vertical variations in neutral winds during the geomagnetic storm on August 26-28 were analyzed in detail.Both meridional and zonal winds during the active geomagnetic period observed by ICON show distinguishable vertical shear structures at different stages of the storm.On the dayside,during the main phase,the peak velocities of westward winds extend from a higher altitude to a lower altitude,whereas during the recovery phase,the peak velocities of the westward winds extend from lower altitudes to higher altitudes.The velocities of the southward winds are stronger at lower altitudes during the storm.These vertical structures of horizontal winds during the storm could not be reproduced by the HWM14 wind estimations,and the overall response to the storm of the horizontal winds in the low and middle latitudes is underestimated by HWM14.The ICON observations provide a good dataset for improving the HWM wind estimations in the middle and upper atmosphere,especially the vertical variations.展开更多
Energy storage is a key factor in the drive for carbon neutrality and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)may have an important role in this.Their intrinsic sp2 covalent structure gives them excellent electrical conductivity,mechan...Energy storage is a key factor in the drive for carbon neutrality and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)may have an important role in this.Their intrinsic sp2 covalent structure gives them excellent electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,and chemical stability,making them suitable for many uses in energy storage,such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Currently,their use in LIBs mainly focuses on conductive networks,current collectors,and dry electrodes.The review outlines advances in the use of CNTs in the cathodes and anodes of LIBs,especially in the electrode fabrication and mechanical sensors,as well as providing insights into their future development.展开更多
One of the detection objectives of the Chinese Asteroid Exploration mission is to investigate the space environment near the Main-belt Comet(MBC,Active Asteroid)311P/PANSTARRS.This paper outlines the scientific object...One of the detection objectives of the Chinese Asteroid Exploration mission is to investigate the space environment near the Main-belt Comet(MBC,Active Asteroid)311P/PANSTARRS.This paper outlines the scientific objectives,measurement targets,and measurement requirements for the proposed Gas and Ion Analyzer(GIA).The GIA is designed for in-situ mass spectrometry of neutral gases and low-energy ions,such as hydrogen,carbon,and oxygen,in the vicinity of 311P.Ion sampling techniques are essential for the GIA's Time-of-Flight(TOF)mass analysis capabilities.In this paper,we present an enhanced ion sampling technique through the development of an ion attraction model and an ion source model.The ion attraction model demonstrates that adjusting attraction grid voltage can enhance the detection efficiency of low-energy ions and mitigate the repulsive force of ions during sampling,which is influenced by the satellite's surface positive charging.The ion source model simulates the processes of gas ionization and ion multiplication.Simulation results indicate that the GIA can achieve a lower pressure limit below 10-13Pa and possess a dynamic range exceeding 10~9.These performances ensure the generation of ions with stable and consistent current,which is crucial for high-resolution and broad dynamic range mass spectrometer analysis.Preliminary testing experiments have verified GIA's capability to detect gas compositions such as H2O and N2.In-situ measurements near 311P using GIA are expected to significantly contribute to our understanding of asteroid activity mechanisms,the evolution of the atmospheric and ionized environments of main-belt comets,the interactions with solar wind,and the origin of Earth's water.展开更多
H9N2 avian influenza viruses(AIVs)are widely distributed,causing continuous outbreaks in poultry and sporadic infections in humans.Vaccination is the primary method used to prevent and control H9N2 AIV infection.Howev...H9N2 avian influenza viruses(AIVs)are widely distributed,causing continuous outbreaks in poultry and sporadic infections in humans.Vaccination is the primary method used to prevent and control H9N2 AIV infection.However,the ongoing evolution and mutation of AIVs often result in limited protection effects from vaccines.Therapeutic mon-oclonal antibodies(mAbs)targeting influenza viruses offer a promising alternative.In this study,we immunized mice with inactivated H9N2-W1 virus,and we screened and acquired five mAbs,namely 4D12,F4,5C8,2G8 and A11.We showed that all five mAbs specifically targeted the HA protein of various H9N2 AIV strains.In vitro neutralization tests demonstrated that all five mAbs exhibited neutralization activity against H9N2 AIVs,with mAb F4 displaying the most potent neutralization effect.The F4 mAb exhibited dose-dependent preventive and therapeutic effects against lethal H9N2-115 infection,and the administration of F4 at a dose of 3μg/g provided complete protection in vivo.Our study presents an alternative approach for preventing and controlling H9N2 AIV infection.Furthermore,the identified F4 mAb holds promise as a solution to potential pandemics in humans caused by H9N2 AIVs.展开更多
Atmospheric escape plays a critical role in shaping the long-term climate evolution of Mars.Among the various escape mechanisms,energetic neutral atoms(ENAs)generated through charge exchange between solar wind ions an...Atmospheric escape plays a critical role in shaping the long-term climate evolution of Mars.Among the various escape mechanisms,energetic neutral atoms(ENAs)generated through charge exchange between solar wind ions and exospheric neutrals serve as an important diagnostic for ion-neutral interactions and upper atmospheric loss.This study presents direct observations of hydrogen ENAs(H-ENAs)on the dayside of Mars by using the Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer(MINPA)onboard China’s Tianwen-1 orbiter.By analyzing H-ENA data during a coronal mass ejection and a stream interaction region from December 29,2021,to January 1,2022,and comparing these data with MAVEN/SWIA(Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Solar Wind Ion Analyzer)solar wind measurements,we examine the temporal evolution of H-ENA flux and the associated sputtered escape of atmospheric constituents.The observed H-ENA velocity is consistent with upstream solar wind ions,and the H-ENA-to-ion intensity ratio is used to infer variations in exospheric density,revealing a delayed response to enhanced solar wind activity.Penetrating H-ENA intensities reach up to 5.3×10^(6)s^(−1) cm^(−2),with energy fluxes on the order of(0.5-8.1)×10^(−3) mW/m^(2).The estimated oxygen sputtered escape rate driven by penetrating H-ENAs ranges from 5.5×10^(23)s^(−1) to 5.2×10^(24)s^(−1),comparable to or exceeding previous estimates based on penetrating ions.The findings highlight the need for low-altitude H-ENA observations to better quantify their atmospheric interactions and refine our understanding of nonthermal escape processes at Mars.展开更多
Total nitrogen(TN)removal is one of the key issues in improving water quality,while the traditional nitrification-denitrification process with its high energy consumption is unsustainable,due to greenhouse gas(GHG)emi...Total nitrogen(TN)removal is one of the key issues in improving water quality,while the traditional nitrification-denitrification process with its high energy consumption is unsustainable,due to greenhouse gas(GHG)emission.A method using organic-inorganic pellets and selectedmicroalgae that can operate without electricity consumption was designed for TN removal in actual wastewater treatment.The results showed that the TN removal efficiencies with different pellets were 88.2%±2.2%,86.6%±3.0%,85.4%±4.3%,and 82.3%±6.5%,respectively.Microalgae assimilated inorganic nitrogen within cells,resulting in a significant positive relationship with TN(P<0.05),and effectively removed TNthrough sedimentation.The pellets adsorbed nitrogen andmicroorganisms,released organic substances to regulate the ratio of water chemical oxygen demand(COD)to TN,and correspondingly influenced microbial growth.Microalgae and bacteria such as Romboutsia,Proteiniclasticum,and Rhodopseudomonas cooperated to form a mixed aerobic(water)-anaerobic(pellets)environment in the devices,and acted synergistically to remove TN.This study verifies the feasibility of TN removal with only solar energy in a low flow application in large spaces,benefiting carbon neutrality in wastewater treatment.展开更多
From April 21 to 23,2025,the “2025 China Surfactant Industry Alliance(SAA)” was successfully held in Hangzhou,sponsored by the China Research Institute of Daily Chemical and the National Engineering Research Center ...From April 21 to 23,2025,the “2025 China Surfactant Industry Alliance(SAA)” was successfully held in Hangzhou,sponsored by the China Research Institute of Daily Chemical and the National Engineering Research Center for Surfactants,undertaken by the Productivity Promotion Center of the Surfactant and Detergent Industry and the China National Daily Chemical Industry Information Center,specially assisted by Zanyu Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,and co organized by the China Surfactant Industry Alliance(SAA),the Malaysian Palm Oil Board(MPOB),the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil(RSPO),and the American Oil Chemists' Society(AOCS).展开更多
One-carbon(C1)compounds,such as CO_(2),methane,and methanol,are emerging as promising feedstocks for next-generation biomanufacturing due to their abundance and low cost.In recent years,there has been growing interest...One-carbon(C1)compounds,such as CO_(2),methane,and methanol,are emerging as promising feedstocks for next-generation biomanufacturing due to their abundance and low cost.In recent years,there has been growing interest in harnessing microorganisms to convert these carbon sources into valuable natural products(NPs),which offers great potential for sustainable development.This review systematically outlines recent advancements in biocatalysts,synthetic biology,and process optimization aimed at improving the feasibility and scalability of producing C1-based NPs.Current challenges and insights into NPs biomanufacturing from C1 compounds are thoroughly examined in the areas of multi-gene editing,metabolic regulation,and synthetic microbial consortium.With ongoing progress in biosynthetic tools and fermentation techniques,C1-based biomanufacturing is becoming a versatile and sustainable platform for generating diverse value-added products.展开更多
Abnormal content of protein SEIPIN causes Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2(BSCL2)in humans.Previous studies have shown that Arabidopsis thaliana has evolved three SEIPIN homologs,determining the fusio...Abnormal content of protein SEIPIN causes Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2(BSCL2)in humans.Previous studies have shown that Arabidopsis thaliana has evolved three SEIPIN homologs,determining the fusion and size of lipid droplets.Nannochloropsis oceanica is a model oleaginous microalga with the accumulation potential of fatty acids.We believe that the SEIPIN homolog if any in N.oceanica should function as it does in humans,plant among others.In this study,we identified a homologous gene of SEIPIN in N.oceanica,constructed a bacterial plasmid containing the elements controlling the transcription of its complete antisense RNA,and integrated the linearized plasmid into the N.oceanica genome.We obtained a transformant in which the abundance of SEIPIN transcript is significantly down-regulated.Flow cytometry analysis showed that the triacylglycerol(TAG)content of the transformant is significantly lower than that of the wild type(WT).Transcriptomic analysis showed that the down-regulation of SEIPIN transcript abundance could affect the protein functioning in endoplasmic reticulum(ER),implying that SEIPIN gene can function in N.oceanica in a similar way to that in A.thaliana.展开更多
BACKGROUND Probiotic Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to treat diabetes,but its specific hypoglycemic substances and mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the components for lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus a...BACKGROUND Probiotic Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to treat diabetes,but its specific hypoglycemic substances and mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the components for lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus and its hypoglycemic effects,providing a basis for its broader application.METHODS The lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus under different growth conditions was analyzed using lipidomics.Neutral lipid staining in A.pasteurianus cells and the formation of lipid droplet-like structures were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The neutral lipid components were also analyzed using thin layer chromato-graphy.A diabetic mouse model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of the main lipid components of A.pasteurianus and their role in repairing tissues such as the pancreas.RESULTS After comparing the effects of three culture media,namely,brain heart infusion(BHI)medium with 2%glucose,chromium-rich and zinc-rich medium,and mineral salt medium,A.pasteurianus grew well in BHI containing 2%glucose and produced the most lipids.A total of 583 lipid metabolic products was identified,with higher levels of coenzyme Q9(CoQ9),oleic acid(OA),and wax ester,but no triacylglycerol was observed.It was found that the components that affected lipid metabolism in A.pasteurianus were mainly CoQ9 and OA.They exhibited hypoglycemic effects comparable to metformin in diabetic mice,repaired damaged pancreatic tissues,and did not cause damage to the liver and spleen.CONCLUSION Under high-nutrient growth conditions,A.pasteurianus contains abundant lipid components,such as CoQ9 and OA,with good hypoglycemic effects.展开更多
The whole concept and relative value of nuclear energy is being reassessed against the juxtaposed background of climate change induced by global warming versus the imperatives of international energy security.This res...The whole concept and relative value of nuclear energy is being reassessed against the juxtaposed background of climate change induced by global warming versus the imperatives of international energy security.This research focuses on the new trends and developments of nuclear energy against the guidelines being set for attaining carbon neutrality and the demands for energy security.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC(Nos.U1706212 and 81671828)。
文摘In the present research,nutrient broth(NB)medium was identified to be able to neutralize the antibacterial activity of chitosan and its derivatives.Therefore,an improved test method independent of NB medium was proposed to precisely quantify the antibacterial effectiveness and efficiency of chitosan.The minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of chitosan was 60μg m L^(-1) against S.aureus and E.coli,and 0.01%(w/v)chitosan could kill 100%of bacteria within 3 min.From another point of view,the neutralizing efficiency of NB could be tripled by adding 25 g L^(-1) of sodium chloride.Then the neutralizing mechanism of NB medium was ascribed to flocculation between chitosan and protein.Adding extra sodium chloride could significantly reduce the size of floccules,and smaller floccules would lose the ability of binding with bacteria directly,showing higher neutralizing rate on the macro scale.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23030100)
文摘Inductively coupled radio-frequency（RF） plasma neutralizer（RPN） is an insert-free device that can be employed as an electron source in electric propulsion applications.Electron-extraction characteristics of the RPN are related to the bulk plasma parameters and the device＇s geometry.Therefore,the effects of different electron-extraction apertures and operational parameters upon the electron-extraction characteristics are investigated according to the global nonambipolar flow and sheath model.Moreover,these models can also be used to explain why the electron-extraction characteristics of the RPN strongly depend upon the formation of the anode spot.During the experimental study,two types of anode spots are observed.Each of them has unique characteristics of electron extraction.Moreover,the hysteresis of an anode spot is observed by changing the xenon volume-flow rates or the bias voltages.In addition,the rapid ignited method,gas-utilization factor,electron-extraction cost and other factors that need to be considered in the design of the RPN are also discussed.
文摘Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) spectrometers are subject to several restrictions when a radioactive source is employed to bring the aerosol to a steady-state charge distribution. An alternative solution, commercially available, is represented by the soft X-ray neutralizer. The present study investigates the outcome of a combination of a Grimm SMPS, which employs a 241Am radioactive source, with the soft X-ray advanced aerosol neutralizer (TSI model 3087). To date, the latter device has been interfaced only with TSI’s Electrostatic Classifiers. Particle size distribution of sodium chloride aerosol was measured with both neutralizers and it was found that the particle number concentration agreed to be within 9% for the 10 - 700 nm range. This difference mainly corresponds to the bias reported by TSI, when the X-ray device is mounted on a TSI spectrometer. It was concluded that the X-ray neutralizer could be usefully employed, as a standalone device, in combination with Grimm Electrostatic Classifiers.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278011,22225803,22038001 and 22108007)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z230023)+1 种基金The Science&Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Education Committee(No.KZ201810005004)Beijing Nova Program(No.Z211100002121094)。
文摘Large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))removal technology is an essential step to cope with global warming and achieve carbon neutrality.Direct air capture(DAC)has recently received increasing attention given the high flexibility to remove CO_(2)from discrete sources.Porous materials with adjustable pore characteristics are promising sorbents with low or no latent heat of vaporization.This review article has summarized the recent development of porous sorbents for DAC,with a focus of pore engineering strategy and adsorption mechanism.Physisorbents such as zeolites,porous carbons,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),and amine-modified chemisorbents have been discussed and their challenges in practical application have been analyzed.At last,future directions have been proposed,and it is expected to inspire collaborations from chemistry,environment,material science and engineering communities.
基金supported by the top-level design of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Major Project“Realization of optimal carbon neutral pathway and coupling of multi-scale interaction patterns of natural-social systems in China”(42341202)the Basic Scientific Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2021Z014)。
文摘This paper proposes that China,under the challenge of balancing its development and security,can aim for the Paris Agreement's goal to limit global warming to no more than 2℃by actively seeking carbonpeak and carbon-neutrality pathways that align with China's national conditions,rather than following the idealized path toward the 1.5℃target by initially relying on extensive negative-emission technologies such as direct air carbon capture and storage(DACCS).This work suggests that pursuing a 1.5℃target is increasingly less feasible for China,as it would potentially incur 3–4 times the cost of pursuing the 2℃target.With China being likely to achieve a peak in its emissions around 2028,at about 12.8 billion tonnes of anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and become carbon neutral,projected global warming levels may be less severe after the 2050s than previously estimated.This could reduce the risk potential of climate tipping points and extreme events,especially considering that the other two major carbon emitters in the world(Europe and North America)have already passed their carbon peaks.While natural carbon sinks will contribute to China's carbon neutrality efforts,they are not expected to be decisive in the transition stages.This research also addresses the growing focus on climate overshoot,tipping points,extreme events,loss and damage,and methane reductions in international climate cooperation,emphasizing the need to balance these issues with China's development,security,and fairness considerations.China's pursuit of carbon neutrality will have significant implications for global emissions scenarios,warming levels,and extreme event projections,as well as for climate change hotspots of international concern,such as climate tipping points,the climate crisis,and the notion that the world has moved from a warming to a boiling era.Possible research recommendations for global emissions scenarios based on China's 2℃target pathway are also summarized.
基金supported by the following:“National Natural Science Foundation of China”(22478231)“Natural Science Foundation of Henan”(242300421449)“Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province”(202403021221011).
文摘Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and cost-effective production.However,environmentally sustainable management remains a worldwide challenge due to the substantial production volume and limited disposal capacity of CBSWs.The physicochemical properties and utilization of CBSWs are summarized,including fly ash,coal gangue and coal gasification slag.It also presents the current global applications status of CBSWs resources and examines market supply and demand.Subsequently,the paper provides an overview of studies on ways to utilise CBSWs,highlighting the primary avenues of CBSWs resource utilization which are mainly from the fields of chemical materials,metallurgy and agriculture.Furthermore,a comparative evaluation of the various methods for CBSWs resource recovery is conducted,outlining their respective advantages and disadvantages.The future development of CBSWs recycling processes is also discussed.The review concludes that while there is a growing need for attention in CBSWs recycling,its utilization will involve a combination of both large-scale treatment and refinement processes.The paper aims to offer references and insights for the effective utilization and environmental protection of CBSWs.Future direction will focus on the collaborative utilization of CBSWs,emphasizing on the combination of large-scale and high-value utilization.In addition,there is a need to establish a comprehensive database based on on-site production practices,explore on-site solutions to reduce transportation costs,and improve physicochemical properties during the production process.
文摘Solar energy, as a renewable resource, is an effective solution to the current global energy shortage problem. To actively respond to the call for "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", solar cell industry has experienced unprecedented development. The full utilization of solar energy resources remains an urgent issue to be addressed.
基金the Ministry of Higher Education(KPT)Malaysia for the MyBrainSc program.Idahwati Sarudin was supported by Universiti Sains Malaysia through a Short-Term Grant(Project No.304/PFIZIK/6315730)Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid received funding from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for funding this work through a University Research Grant(Grant No.GUP-2023-048)。
文摘Thermospheric neutral winds(TNWs)refer to the neutral gases in the thermosphere circulating as tides,which play a crucial role in the dynamics of the thermosphere-ionosphere system(TIS).Global geospace neutral winds,particularly over the magnetic equator,have been a subject of study for several decades.However,despite the known importance of neutral winds,a comprehensive understanding and characterization of the winds is still lacking.Various ground-based and satellite missions have provided valuable information on the contribution of neutral winds to the global atmospheric dynamics.However,efforts in the global monitoring of neutral winds are still lacking,and the drivers behind the behavior of TNWs as well as their influence on the TIS remain incomplete.To address these knowledge gaps in the global circulation of TNWs,it is crucial to develop a deep understanding of the neutral wind characteristics over different regions.The low-latitude equatorial region in particular has been observed to exert complex influences on TNWs because of the unique effects of the Earth’s magnetic field at the dip equator.Studying neutral winds over this region will provide valuable insights into the unique dynamics and processes that occur in this region,thereby enhancing our understanding of their role in the overall dynamics of the TIS.Additionally,through empirical observations,an improved ability to accurately model and predict the behavior of this region can be achieved.This review article addresses challenges in understanding equatorial winds by reviewing historical measurements,current missions,and the interactions of ionospheric and thermospheric phenomena,emphasizing the need for comprehensive measurements to improve global atmospheric dynamics and weather forecasting.
基金the Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),grant numbers 42174211,42230207,and U2039205.
文摘In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe atmospheric disturbances caused by the Tonga volcanic eruptions on January 15,2022.The most prominent signature was the disappearance of the layer after~10:00 UT over Wuhan and Fuke,which was attributed to the vertical drift caused by the eruptions.The occurred intermittently after 13:00 UT following the arrival of the tropospheric Lamb wave.To examine the causal mechanism for the intermittence,we also included data of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region recorded by the meteor radars at Wuhan and Mohe in this study.The wind disturbances with periods of~20 hours contributed to the formation of the layer in the nighttime on January 15.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2022YFF0503700)the special funds of Hubei Luojia Laboratory (Grant No.220100011)+1 种基金supported by the International Space Science Institute–Beijing(ISSI-BJ) project“The Electromagnetic Data Validation and Scientific Application Research based on CSES Satellite”and ISSI/ISSI-BJ project,“Multi-Scale Magnetosphere–Ionosphere–Thermosphere Interaction.”
文摘The Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging(MIGHTI)onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer(ICON)satellite offers the opportunity to investigate the altitude profile of thermospheric winds.In this study,we used the red-line measurements of MIGHTI to compare with the results estimated by Horizontal Wind Model 14(HWM14).The data selected included both the geomagnetic quiet period(December 2019 to August 2022)and the geomagnetic storm on August 26-28,2021.During the geomagnetic quiet period,the estimations of neutral winds from HWM14 showed relatively good agreement with the observations from ICON.According to the ICON observations,near the equator,zonal winds reverse from westward to eastward at around 06:00 local time(LT)at higher altitudes,and the stronger westward winds appear at later LTs at lower altitudes.At around 16:00 LT,eastward winds at 300 km reverse to westward,and vertical gradients of zonal winds similar to those at sunrise hours can be observed.In the middle latitudes,zonal winds reverse about 2-4 h earlier.Meridional winds vary more significantly than zonal winds with seasonal and latitudinal variations.According to the ICON observations,in the northern low latitudes,vertical reversals of meridional winds are found at 08:00-13:00 LT from 300 to 160 km and at around 18:00 LT from 300 to 200 km during the June solstice.Similar reversals of meridional winds are found at 04:00-07:00 LT from 300 to 160 km and at 22:00-02:00 LT from 270 to 200 km during the December solstice.In the southern low latitudes,meridional wind reversals occur at 08:00-11:00 LT from 200 to 160 km and at 21:00-02:00 LT from 300 to 200 km during the June solstice.During the December solstice,reversals of the meridional wind appear at 20:00-01:00 LT below 200 km and at 06:00-11:00 LT from 300 to 160 km.In the northern middle latitudes,the northward winds are dominant at 08:00-14:00 LT at 230 km during the June solstice.Northward winds persist until 16:00 LT at 160 and 300 km.During the December solstice,the northward winds are dominant from 06:00 to 21:00 LT.The vertical variations in neutral winds during the geomagnetic storm on August 26-28 were analyzed in detail.Both meridional and zonal winds during the active geomagnetic period observed by ICON show distinguishable vertical shear structures at different stages of the storm.On the dayside,during the main phase,the peak velocities of westward winds extend from a higher altitude to a lower altitude,whereas during the recovery phase,the peak velocities of the westward winds extend from lower altitudes to higher altitudes.The velocities of the southward winds are stronger at lower altitudes during the storm.These vertical structures of horizontal winds during the storm could not be reproduced by the HWM14 wind estimations,and the overall response to the storm of the horizontal winds in the low and middle latitudes is underestimated by HWM14.The ICON observations provide a good dataset for improving the HWM wind estimations in the middle and upper atmosphere,especially the vertical variations.
文摘Energy storage is a key factor in the drive for carbon neutrality and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)may have an important role in this.Their intrinsic sp2 covalent structure gives them excellent electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,and chemical stability,making them suitable for many uses in energy storage,such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Currently,their use in LIBs mainly focuses on conductive networks,current collectors,and dry electrodes.The review outlines advances in the use of CNTs in the cathodes and anodes of LIBs,especially in the electrode fabrication and mechanical sensors,as well as providing insights into their future development.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42474239,41204128)China National Space Administration(Pre-research project on Civil Aerospace Technologies No.D010301)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA17010303)。
文摘One of the detection objectives of the Chinese Asteroid Exploration mission is to investigate the space environment near the Main-belt Comet(MBC,Active Asteroid)311P/PANSTARRS.This paper outlines the scientific objectives,measurement targets,and measurement requirements for the proposed Gas and Ion Analyzer(GIA).The GIA is designed for in-situ mass spectrometry of neutral gases and low-energy ions,such as hydrogen,carbon,and oxygen,in the vicinity of 311P.Ion sampling techniques are essential for the GIA's Time-of-Flight(TOF)mass analysis capabilities.In this paper,we present an enhanced ion sampling technique through the development of an ion attraction model and an ion source model.The ion attraction model demonstrates that adjusting attraction grid voltage can enhance the detection efficiency of low-energy ions and mitigate the repulsive force of ions during sampling,which is influenced by the satellite's surface positive charging.The ion source model simulates the processes of gas ionization and ion multiplication.Simulation results indicate that the GIA can achieve a lower pressure limit below 10-13Pa and possess a dynamic range exceeding 10~9.These performances ensure the generation of ions with stable and consistent current,which is crucial for high-resolution and broad dynamic range mass spectrometer analysis.Preliminary testing experiments have verified GIA's capability to detect gas compositions such as H2O and N2.In-situ measurements near 311P using GIA are expected to significantly contribute to our understanding of asteroid activity mechanisms,the evolution of the atmospheric and ionized environments of main-belt comets,the interactions with solar wind,and the origin of Earth's water.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1801005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32025036 and 32060795)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662023PY005)Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2022hszd005)the earmarked fund for CARS-41the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2021CFA016)Flexible talent introduction project of Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College(00000198)。
文摘H9N2 avian influenza viruses(AIVs)are widely distributed,causing continuous outbreaks in poultry and sporadic infections in humans.Vaccination is the primary method used to prevent and control H9N2 AIV infection.However,the ongoing evolution and mutation of AIVs often result in limited protection effects from vaccines.Therapeutic mon-oclonal antibodies(mAbs)targeting influenza viruses offer a promising alternative.In this study,we immunized mice with inactivated H9N2-W1 virus,and we screened and acquired five mAbs,namely 4D12,F4,5C8,2G8 and A11.We showed that all five mAbs specifically targeted the HA protein of various H9N2 AIV strains.In vitro neutralization tests demonstrated that all five mAbs exhibited neutralization activity against H9N2 AIVs,with mAb F4 displaying the most potent neutralization effect.The F4 mAb exhibited dose-dependent preventive and therapeutic effects against lethal H9N2-115 infection,and the administration of F4 at a dose of 3μg/g provided complete protection in vivo.Our study presents an alternative approach for preventing and controlling H9N2 AIV infection.Furthermore,the identified F4 mAb holds promise as a solution to potential pandemics in humans caused by H9N2 AIVs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42188101, 42274211, 41974170, 42374184, 42122032, and 41974196)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. QYZDJSSW-JSC028, XDA15052500, XDA17010301, and XDB41000000)+3 种基金the CNSA (Grant No. D050103)the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories of Chinathe Specialized Research Fund for Laboratory of Geospace Environment of the University of Science and Technology of Chinasupported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern and Beijing through the ISSI/ISSI-BJ International Team Project titled “Understanding the Mars Space Environment Through Multi-Spacecraft Measurements” (ISSI Team Project No. 23-582 and ISSI-BJ Team Project No. 58)
文摘Atmospheric escape plays a critical role in shaping the long-term climate evolution of Mars.Among the various escape mechanisms,energetic neutral atoms(ENAs)generated through charge exchange between solar wind ions and exospheric neutrals serve as an important diagnostic for ion-neutral interactions and upper atmospheric loss.This study presents direct observations of hydrogen ENAs(H-ENAs)on the dayside of Mars by using the Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer(MINPA)onboard China’s Tianwen-1 orbiter.By analyzing H-ENA data during a coronal mass ejection and a stream interaction region from December 29,2021,to January 1,2022,and comparing these data with MAVEN/SWIA(Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Solar Wind Ion Analyzer)solar wind measurements,we examine the temporal evolution of H-ENA flux and the associated sputtered escape of atmospheric constituents.The observed H-ENA velocity is consistent with upstream solar wind ions,and the H-ENA-to-ion intensity ratio is used to infer variations in exospheric density,revealing a delayed response to enhanced solar wind activity.Penetrating H-ENA intensities reach up to 5.3×10^(6)s^(−1) cm^(−2),with energy fluxes on the order of(0.5-8.1)×10^(−3) mW/m^(2).The estimated oxygen sputtered escape rate driven by penetrating H-ENAs ranges from 5.5×10^(23)s^(−1) to 5.2×10^(24)s^(−1),comparable to or exceeding previous estimates based on penetrating ions.The findings highlight the need for low-altitude H-ENA observations to better quantify their atmospheric interactions and refine our understanding of nonthermal escape processes at Mars.
文摘Total nitrogen(TN)removal is one of the key issues in improving water quality,while the traditional nitrification-denitrification process with its high energy consumption is unsustainable,due to greenhouse gas(GHG)emission.A method using organic-inorganic pellets and selectedmicroalgae that can operate without electricity consumption was designed for TN removal in actual wastewater treatment.The results showed that the TN removal efficiencies with different pellets were 88.2%±2.2%,86.6%±3.0%,85.4%±4.3%,and 82.3%±6.5%,respectively.Microalgae assimilated inorganic nitrogen within cells,resulting in a significant positive relationship with TN(P<0.05),and effectively removed TNthrough sedimentation.The pellets adsorbed nitrogen andmicroorganisms,released organic substances to regulate the ratio of water chemical oxygen demand(COD)to TN,and correspondingly influenced microbial growth.Microalgae and bacteria such as Romboutsia,Proteiniclasticum,and Rhodopseudomonas cooperated to form a mixed aerobic(water)-anaerobic(pellets)environment in the devices,and acted synergistically to remove TN.This study verifies the feasibility of TN removal with only solar energy in a low flow application in large spaces,benefiting carbon neutrality in wastewater treatment.
文摘From April 21 to 23,2025,the “2025 China Surfactant Industry Alliance(SAA)” was successfully held in Hangzhou,sponsored by the China Research Institute of Daily Chemical and the National Engineering Research Center for Surfactants,undertaken by the Productivity Promotion Center of the Surfactant and Detergent Industry and the China National Daily Chemical Industry Information Center,specially assisted by Zanyu Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,and co organized by the China Surfactant Industry Alliance(SAA),the Malaysian Palm Oil Board(MPOB),the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil(RSPO),and the American Oil Chemists' Society(AOCS).
基金supported by the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shaanxi Province(2022JC-09)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732780)+1 种基金the Higher Education Institution Academic Discipline Innovation and Talent Introduction Plan(B23025)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities.
文摘One-carbon(C1)compounds,such as CO_(2),methane,and methanol,are emerging as promising feedstocks for next-generation biomanufacturing due to their abundance and low cost.In recent years,there has been growing interest in harnessing microorganisms to convert these carbon sources into valuable natural products(NPs),which offers great potential for sustainable development.This review systematically outlines recent advancements in biocatalysts,synthetic biology,and process optimization aimed at improving the feasibility and scalability of producing C1-based NPs.Current challenges and insights into NPs biomanufacturing from C1 compounds are thoroughly examined in the areas of multi-gene editing,metabolic regulation,and synthetic microbial consortium.With ongoing progress in biosynthetic tools and fermentation techniques,C1-based biomanufacturing is becoming a versatile and sustainable platform for generating diverse value-added products.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF1102300)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(No.2022LZGC004)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32102757)the Science&Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203205)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.202262001)。
文摘Abnormal content of protein SEIPIN causes Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2(BSCL2)in humans.Previous studies have shown that Arabidopsis thaliana has evolved three SEIPIN homologs,determining the fusion and size of lipid droplets.Nannochloropsis oceanica is a model oleaginous microalga with the accumulation potential of fatty acids.We believe that the SEIPIN homolog if any in N.oceanica should function as it does in humans,plant among others.In this study,we identified a homologous gene of SEIPIN in N.oceanica,constructed a bacterial plasmid containing the elements controlling the transcription of its complete antisense RNA,and integrated the linearized plasmid into the N.oceanica genome.We obtained a transformant in which the abundance of SEIPIN transcript is significantly down-regulated.Flow cytometry analysis showed that the triacylglycerol(TAG)content of the transformant is significantly lower than that of the wild type(WT).Transcriptomic analysis showed that the down-regulation of SEIPIN transcript abundance could affect the protein functioning in endoplasmic reticulum(ER),implying that SEIPIN gene can function in N.oceanica in a similar way to that in A.thaliana.
基金Supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Projects,No.AA23073012the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32360035 and No.32060018.
文摘BACKGROUND Probiotic Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to treat diabetes,but its specific hypoglycemic substances and mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the components for lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus and its hypoglycemic effects,providing a basis for its broader application.METHODS The lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus under different growth conditions was analyzed using lipidomics.Neutral lipid staining in A.pasteurianus cells and the formation of lipid droplet-like structures were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The neutral lipid components were also analyzed using thin layer chromato-graphy.A diabetic mouse model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of the main lipid components of A.pasteurianus and their role in repairing tissues such as the pancreas.RESULTS After comparing the effects of three culture media,namely,brain heart infusion(BHI)medium with 2%glucose,chromium-rich and zinc-rich medium,and mineral salt medium,A.pasteurianus grew well in BHI containing 2%glucose and produced the most lipids.A total of 583 lipid metabolic products was identified,with higher levels of coenzyme Q9(CoQ9),oleic acid(OA),and wax ester,but no triacylglycerol was observed.It was found that the components that affected lipid metabolism in A.pasteurianus were mainly CoQ9 and OA.They exhibited hypoglycemic effects comparable to metformin in diabetic mice,repaired damaged pancreatic tissues,and did not cause damage to the liver and spleen.CONCLUSION Under high-nutrient growth conditions,A.pasteurianus contains abundant lipid components,such as CoQ9 and OA,with good hypoglycemic effects.
文摘The whole concept and relative value of nuclear energy is being reassessed against the juxtaposed background of climate change induced by global warming versus the imperatives of international energy security.This research focuses on the new trends and developments of nuclear energy against the guidelines being set for attaining carbon neutrality and the demands for energy security.
