Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emi...Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.展开更多
Energy storage is a key factor in the drive for carbon neutrality and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)may have an important role in this.Their intrinsic sp2 covalent structure gives them excellent electrical conductivity,mechan...Energy storage is a key factor in the drive for carbon neutrality and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)may have an important role in this.Their intrinsic sp2 covalent structure gives them excellent electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,and chemical stability,making them suitable for many uses in energy storage,such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Currently,their use in LIBs mainly focuses on conductive networks,current collectors,and dry electrodes.The review outlines advances in the use of CNTs in the cathodes and anodes of LIBs,especially in the electrode fabrication and mechanical sensors,as well as providing insights into their future development.展开更多
Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and ...Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and cost-effective production.However,environmentally sustainable management remains a worldwide challenge due to the substantial production volume and limited disposal capacity of CBSWs.The physicochemical properties and utilization of CBSWs are summarized,including fly ash,coal gangue and coal gasification slag.It also presents the current global applications status of CBSWs resources and examines market supply and demand.Subsequently,the paper provides an overview of studies on ways to utilise CBSWs,highlighting the primary avenues of CBSWs resource utilization which are mainly from the fields of chemical materials,metallurgy and agriculture.Furthermore,a comparative evaluation of the various methods for CBSWs resource recovery is conducted,outlining their respective advantages and disadvantages.The future development of CBSWs recycling processes is also discussed.The review concludes that while there is a growing need for attention in CBSWs recycling,its utilization will involve a combination of both large-scale treatment and refinement processes.The paper aims to offer references and insights for the effective utilization and environmental protection of CBSWs.Future direction will focus on the collaborative utilization of CBSWs,emphasizing on the combination of large-scale and high-value utilization.In addition,there is a need to establish a comprehensive database based on on-site production practices,explore on-site solutions to reduce transportation costs,and improve physicochemical properties during the production process.展开更多
Buildings are crucial for achieving carbon reduction and mitigating climate change.China's dual-carbon strategy includes ambitious goals for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the building sector.However,clea...Buildings are crucial for achieving carbon reduction and mitigating climate change.China's dual-carbon strategy includes ambitious goals for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the building sector.However,clear technical pathways and roadmaps for achieving these objectives remain lacking.In this study,we examined the trajectory and characteristics of energy consumption and emissions in China's building sector and conducted future scenario analyses informed by global comparative studies.Ecological development pathways were proposed as target scenarios to achieve carbon neutrality in the building sector.Detailed pathways to achieve carbon neutrality were delineated,covering various tasks and timelines.These included managing building stocks,improving energy efficiency and sufficiency,promoting electrification,implementing photovoltaic-energy storage-direct current-flexibility(PEDF)buildings,decarbonizing heating systems,and developing new energy systems for rural areas.In addition,we discussed and recommended policy measures to enhance building service provisions within the framework of the ecological development concept and promote key technologies within the context of a low-carbon energy system transition.The findings of this study provide high-level recommendations for policymakers in the building and energy sectors and offer insights into technological perspectives and development targets for future research and engineering practice.展开更多
This paper proposes that China,under the challenge of balancing its development and security,can aim for the Paris Agreement's goal to limit global warming to no more than 2℃by actively seeking carbonpeak and car...This paper proposes that China,under the challenge of balancing its development and security,can aim for the Paris Agreement's goal to limit global warming to no more than 2℃by actively seeking carbonpeak and carbon-neutrality pathways that align with China's national conditions,rather than following the idealized path toward the 1.5℃target by initially relying on extensive negative-emission technologies such as direct air carbon capture and storage(DACCS).This work suggests that pursuing a 1.5℃target is increasingly less feasible for China,as it would potentially incur 3–4 times the cost of pursuing the 2℃target.With China being likely to achieve a peak in its emissions around 2028,at about 12.8 billion tonnes of anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and become carbon neutral,projected global warming levels may be less severe after the 2050s than previously estimated.This could reduce the risk potential of climate tipping points and extreme events,especially considering that the other two major carbon emitters in the world(Europe and North America)have already passed their carbon peaks.While natural carbon sinks will contribute to China's carbon neutrality efforts,they are not expected to be decisive in the transition stages.This research also addresses the growing focus on climate overshoot,tipping points,extreme events,loss and damage,and methane reductions in international climate cooperation,emphasizing the need to balance these issues with China's development,security,and fairness considerations.China's pursuit of carbon neutrality will have significant implications for global emissions scenarios,warming levels,and extreme event projections,as well as for climate change hotspots of international concern,such as climate tipping points,the climate crisis,and the notion that the world has moved from a warming to a boiling era.Possible research recommendations for global emissions scenarios based on China's 2℃target pathway are also summarized.展开更多
This study reviews the recent progress and trends of carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies,with a particular focus on related policy orientations,technological status,and representative projects acr...This study reviews the recent progress and trends of carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies,with a particular focus on related policy orientations,technological status,and representative projects across North America,Europe,the Middle East,and China.The technical connotations of CCUS are elucidated,and the existing issues and challenges are identified from the perspectives of technology,economics,safety and system integration.The CO_(2) capture technologies are relatively mature;the emergence of novel processes such as direct air capture(DAC)and advanced materials such as metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)offer new choices for efficient capture,but issues related to high energy consumption and operational costs remain unresolved.The CO_(2) geological utilization has developed earlier,where breakthroughs rely on effective source matching,enhanced miscibility and increased swept volume.The CO_(2) chemical utilization exhibits broad market potential for producing high value-added products,and the development of catalytic systems with high conversion efficiency and low cost is identified as the core challenge.For CO_(2) storage,diverse geological bodies provide vast theoretical capacities on both land and offshore worldwide,but subsidy policies and carbon market regulation are required to offset the limited economic returns of storage technologies.This study highlights several frontier technologies,including low-concentration CO_(2) capture,CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery(EOR),CO_(2)-based green fuel synthesis,microbial CO_(2) conversion,CO_(2) mineralization and hydrogen production,and CO_(2) cushion gas replacement in underground gas storage(UGS).Through cost-effective innovation,regional pipeline network development,flexible technology integration,coordinated macro-policy regulation,and cross-disciplinary collaboration,CCUS can achieve a transformative scale-up from million-ton and ten-million-ton capacities to the hundred-million-ton level,contributing to the achievement of the carbon neutrality goals of China.展开更多
High-quality standards serve as the value scale for consensus on the conversion of green benefits.Taking carbon emissions in production cycle and carbon footprints in life cycle as examples,it is arduous work to signi...High-quality standards serve as the value scale for consensus on the conversion of green benefits.Taking carbon emissions in production cycle and carbon footprints in life cycle as examples,it is arduous work to significantly improve their comparability,credibility,and manageability.At present,there are over 1,400 ISO standards in the dual carbon field.In China,there are over 1,400 relevant national standards,over 3,000 sectoral standards,over 1,900 local standards,and over 800 association standards,forming a comprehensive supporting system.展开更多
Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide have led to global climate change,which poses one of the greatest threats to human survival in the 21st century.The urgent need to achieve carbon neutrali...Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide have led to global climate change,which poses one of the greatest threats to human survival in the 21st century.The urgent need to achieve carbon neutrality to mitigate climatic issues has stimulated the rapid development of advanced materials and technologies for clean energy conversion and efficient storage.In recent years,a series of remarkable advances have emerged,revealing innovative materials and strategies that significantly accelerate the transition toward sus-tainable energy solutions.In this context,this special issue presents ten high-quality contributions,including seven comprehensive reviews and three original research articles[1-10],focusing on the latest ad-vances and frontier research in advanced materials and technologies toward carbon neutrality.Collectively,these works highlight the latest progress in catalytic energy conversion,photovoltaic technologies,and electrochemical energy storage,providing valuable insights to guide future efforts in the design of carbon-neutral materials and sustainable energy systems.展开更多
This paper investigates China's coal price volatility spreaders(CPVSs)from the supply side to locate the volatility source since coal price volatility may destabilize many downstream products'prices or even br...This paper investigates China's coal price volatility spreaders(CPVSs)from the supply side to locate the volatility source since coal price volatility may destabilize many downstream products'prices or even bring uncertainties to macroeconomic output.Especially in the carbon neutrality context,China's coal market is being reconstructed and responding to imbalances between supply and demand;identifying the CPVSs helps alleviate rising market instability and prevent energy-induced system risk.To achieve this objective,we explore causalities among 938 weekly coal prices reported by different coal-producing areas of China from 2006.9.4 to 2021.7.12 using the transfer entropy method.Then,coal price volatility influence is quantified to identify the CPVSs by conjointly using complex network theory and a rank aggregation method.The validity test demonstrates that the proposed hybrid method efficiently identifies the CPVSs as it correlates to many price determinants,e.g.,electricity and coal consumption and generation.The empirical results show that causalities among coal prices changed dramatically in 2016,2018,and 2020,affected by coal decapacity and carbon neutrality policies.Before 2018,coal-producing provinces with strong demand for coal and electricity,e.g.,Jiangxi,Chongqing,and Sichuan,were CPVSs;after 2019,those with comparative advantages in coal supply,e.g.,Gansu and Ningxia,were CPVSs.Overall,the coal market is unstable and sensitive to energy policy and external shocks.Policymakers and market participants are recommended to monitor and manage the CPVSs to improve energy security,avoid policy-induced instability and prevent risks caused by coal price fluctuations.展开更多
Building operations-that is,the continual activities and processes required to manage and maintain buildings-are responsible for approximately 30% of global energy use and 26% of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions.
Taking China’s 2018 value-added tax(VAT)credit refund reform as an exogenous shock to improve VAT neutrality,we use a difference-in-differences approach to explore how the reform affected corporate social responsibil...Taking China’s 2018 value-added tax(VAT)credit refund reform as an exogenous shock to improve VAT neutrality,we use a difference-in-differences approach to explore how the reform affected corporate social responsibility(CSR).We find that the reform motivated firms to improve CSR performance.The reform has a“resource”effect,increasing internal funds and reducing financing costs,thereby enhancing firms’ability to undertake CSR.The reform also has a“reputation”effect,stimulating firms’willingness to engage in CSR to improve their reputations.CSR following the reform increases firm values and reduces bankruptcy risk.Our study provides fresh insights into VAT neutrality theory and is a reference for tax reform in emerging economies.展开更多
The China National Institute of Standardization(CNIS)held the Academic Meeting on 20th Anniversary of China Energy Label in Beijing on June 27.The event took place during the 35th National Energy Conservation Publicit...The China National Institute of Standardization(CNIS)held the Academic Meeting on 20th Anniversary of China Energy Label in Beijing on June 27.The event took place during the 35th National Energy Conservation Publicity Week,which ran from June 23 to 29.展开更多
China is the largest emitter of anthropogenic CO_(2) globally,with its cities recognized as significant emission hotspots.Consequently,evaluating anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions and the carbon neutral capability(CNC)of...China is the largest emitter of anthropogenic CO_(2) globally,with its cities recognized as significant emission hotspots.Consequently,evaluating anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions and the carbon neutral capability(CNC)of Chinese cities is critical for climate change mitigation.Despite this importance,no studies to date have assessed recent and future city-scale CNCs using the top-down atmospheric inversion approach,revealing substantial knowledge gaps regarding regional CO_(2) budgets.To address these issues,this research focused on Hangzhou,a megacity known for having the highest forest cover among China’s provincial capitals,as study region.Year-round atmospheric CO_(2) concentration measurements were conducted from December 2020 to November 2021 at two sites:one urban and one suburban.These observations,along with their difference,were utilized to derive city-scale posterior anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions and to evaluate recent and future CNCs.Our key findings are as follows:(1)The manufacturing industry,energy industry and oil refineries/transformation industry were identified as the largest contributors to urban-suburban CO_(2) difference,accounting for 36.5%,21.3%,and 16.6%,respectively.Additionally,82.5%,65.2%,81.2%and 86.3%of total anthropogenic CO_(2) enhancements were attributed to emissions within Hangzhou city in winter,spring,summer and autumn,respectively.(2)The posterior annual anthropogenic CO_(2) emission for Hangzhouwas estimated at 4.65(±0.72)×10^(10) kg/a,indicating significant biases among different prior CO_(2) emission inventories.The annual biological CO_(2) sink,derived from multiple products,was estimated at-0.48(±0.16)×10^(10) kg.(3)The calculated CNC for 2021was 10.3%±3.4%,highlighting a substantial gap towards achieving full carbon neutrality.Considering potential increases in ecosystem carbon sinks due to forest age and uncertainties from climate change,it was predicted that at least 65.2%-82.6%of anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions must be reduced to achieve the goal of full carbon neutrality by year of 2060.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the global response to climate change and the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),low-carbon transition and sustainable development have become essential pathways for corpora...Against the backdrop of the global response to climate change and the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),low-carbon transition and sustainable development have become essential pathways for corporate growth.The transition of the energy industry,as the main source of carbon emissions,to a low-carbon model is essential for achieving global carbon neutrality goals.展开更多
功率变换器采用脉宽调制时产生的高共模电压CMV(common-mode voltage)会使电机轴电压过高,进而导致高频高幅值轴电流破坏电机绝缘、增加电磁干扰等。为减小中点钳位型NPC(neutral point clamped)三电平变换器的共模电压,提出了基于代数...功率变换器采用脉宽调制时产生的高共模电压CMV(common-mode voltage)会使电机轴电压过高,进而导致高频高幅值轴电流破坏电机绝缘、增加电磁干扰等。为减小中点钳位型NPC(neutral point clamped)三电平变换器的共模电压,提出了基于代数调制框架的共模电压抑制策略:首先,将占空比的确定问题转化为非齐次线性方程组的求解问题;然后,合理地选择调制自由度以实现中点电压NPV(neutral point voltage)平衡控制的目标;其次,根据占空比约束,选择偏置量获取最终占空比;最后,使中间相开关采用反相载波得到新的开关状态组合,实现降低共模电压的目的。所提调制策略无需额外的控制器,实现简单,在保证中点钳位型三电平变换器的中点电压具有良好平衡特性的前提下,可将共模电压降低至直流侧电压的1/6范围内。实验结果验证了所提调制策略的有效性和可行性。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42275039)the Meteorological Joint Fund by NSF and CMA(Grant No.U2342224)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3701202)the S&T Development Fund of CAMS(Grant No.2024KJ019)。
文摘Global land monsoon precipitation(GLMP)is highly sensitive to changes in interhemispheric thermal contrast(ITC).Amplified interhemispheric asymmetries of GLMP due to enhanced ITC driven by high-level anthropogenic emissions are expected to simultaneously increase the probability of regional floods and droughts,threatening ecosystems within global terrestrial monsoon regions and the freshwater supply for billions of residents in these areas.In this study,the responses of GLMP to the evolution of ITC toward the carbon neutrality goal are assessed using multimodel outputs from a new model intercomparison project(CovidMIP).The results show that the Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere(NH-SH)asymmetry of GLMP in boreal summer weakens during the 2040s,as a persistent reduction in well-mixed greenhouse gas(WMGHG)emissions leads to a downward trend in the ITC after 2040.At the same time,the reduction in WMGHG emissions dampens the Eastern Hemisphere-Western Hemisphere(EH-WH)asymmetry of GLMP by inducing La Niña-like cooling and enhancing moisture transport to Inner America.The resulting increases in land monsoon precipitation(LMP)may alleviate drought under the global warming scenario by about 19%-25%and 7%-9%in the WH and SH monsoon regions,respectively.However,a persistent reduction in aerosol emissions in Asia will dominate the increases in LMP in this region until the mid-21st century,and these increases may be approximately 23%-60%of the growth under the global warming scenario.Our results highlight the different rates of response of aerosol and WMGHG concentrations to the carbon neutrality goal,leading to various changes in LMP at global and regional scales.
文摘Energy storage is a key factor in the drive for carbon neutrality and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)may have an important role in this.Their intrinsic sp2 covalent structure gives them excellent electrical conductivity,mechanical strength,and chemical stability,making them suitable for many uses in energy storage,such as lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Currently,their use in LIBs mainly focuses on conductive networks,current collectors,and dry electrodes.The review outlines advances in the use of CNTs in the cathodes and anodes of LIBs,especially in the electrode fabrication and mechanical sensors,as well as providing insights into their future development.
基金supported by the following:“National Natural Science Foundation of China”(22478231)“Natural Science Foundation of Henan”(242300421449)“Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province”(202403021221011).
文摘Coal-based soild wastes(CBSWs)are industrial byproducts that can be harmful to the environment.The exploitation and utilization of CBsWs offer societal advantages such as resource conservation,pollution reduction,and cost-effective production.However,environmentally sustainable management remains a worldwide challenge due to the substantial production volume and limited disposal capacity of CBSWs.The physicochemical properties and utilization of CBSWs are summarized,including fly ash,coal gangue and coal gasification slag.It also presents the current global applications status of CBSWs resources and examines market supply and demand.Subsequently,the paper provides an overview of studies on ways to utilise CBSWs,highlighting the primary avenues of CBSWs resource utilization which are mainly from the fields of chemical materials,metallurgy and agriculture.Furthermore,a comparative evaluation of the various methods for CBSWs resource recovery is conducted,outlining their respective advantages and disadvantages.The future development of CBSWs recycling processes is also discussed.The review concludes that while there is a growing need for attention in CBSWs recycling,its utilization will involve a combination of both large-scale treatment and refinement processes.The paper aims to offer references and insights for the effective utilization and environmental protection of CBSWs.Future direction will focus on the collaborative utilization of CBSWs,emphasizing on the combination of large-scale and high-value utilization.In addition,there is a need to establish a comprehensive database based on on-site production practices,explore on-site solutions to reduce transportation costs,and improve physicochemical properties during the production process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52478095 and 72261147760)the Chinese Academy of Engineering Project"Low-Carbon Transition Strategy and Pathways for Urban and Rural Energy Supply Systems in China"(2023-XBZD-07)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20240874)。
文摘Buildings are crucial for achieving carbon reduction and mitigating climate change.China's dual-carbon strategy includes ambitious goals for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the building sector.However,clear technical pathways and roadmaps for achieving these objectives remain lacking.In this study,we examined the trajectory and characteristics of energy consumption and emissions in China's building sector and conducted future scenario analyses informed by global comparative studies.Ecological development pathways were proposed as target scenarios to achieve carbon neutrality in the building sector.Detailed pathways to achieve carbon neutrality were delineated,covering various tasks and timelines.These included managing building stocks,improving energy efficiency and sufficiency,promoting electrification,implementing photovoltaic-energy storage-direct current-flexibility(PEDF)buildings,decarbonizing heating systems,and developing new energy systems for rural areas.In addition,we discussed and recommended policy measures to enhance building service provisions within the framework of the ecological development concept and promote key technologies within the context of a low-carbon energy system transition.The findings of this study provide high-level recommendations for policymakers in the building and energy sectors and offer insights into technological perspectives and development targets for future research and engineering practice.
基金supported by the top-level design of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Major Project“Realization of optimal carbon neutral pathway and coupling of multi-scale interaction patterns of natural-social systems in China”(42341202)the Basic Scientific Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2021Z014)。
文摘This paper proposes that China,under the challenge of balancing its development and security,can aim for the Paris Agreement's goal to limit global warming to no more than 2℃by actively seeking carbonpeak and carbon-neutrality pathways that align with China's national conditions,rather than following the idealized path toward the 1.5℃target by initially relying on extensive negative-emission technologies such as direct air carbon capture and storage(DACCS).This work suggests that pursuing a 1.5℃target is increasingly less feasible for China,as it would potentially incur 3–4 times the cost of pursuing the 2℃target.With China being likely to achieve a peak in its emissions around 2028,at about 12.8 billion tonnes of anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and become carbon neutral,projected global warming levels may be less severe after the 2050s than previously estimated.This could reduce the risk potential of climate tipping points and extreme events,especially considering that the other two major carbon emitters in the world(Europe and North America)have already passed their carbon peaks.While natural carbon sinks will contribute to China's carbon neutrality efforts,they are not expected to be decisive in the transition stages.This research also addresses the growing focus on climate overshoot,tipping points,extreme events,loss and damage,and methane reductions in international climate cooperation,emphasizing the need to balance these issues with China's development,security,and fairness considerations.China's pursuit of carbon neutrality will have significant implications for global emissions scenarios,warming levels,and extreme event projections,as well as for climate change hotspots of international concern,such as climate tipping points,the climate crisis,and the notion that the world has moved from a warming to a boiling era.Possible research recommendations for global emissions scenarios based on China's 2℃target pathway are also summarized.
基金Supported by the Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(24&ZD106)National Science and Technology Major Project on New Oil and Gas Exploration and Development(205ZD1406807)Soft Science Research Project of CNPC(20250110-4).
文摘This study reviews the recent progress and trends of carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technologies,with a particular focus on related policy orientations,technological status,and representative projects across North America,Europe,the Middle East,and China.The technical connotations of CCUS are elucidated,and the existing issues and challenges are identified from the perspectives of technology,economics,safety and system integration.The CO_(2) capture technologies are relatively mature;the emergence of novel processes such as direct air capture(DAC)and advanced materials such as metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)offer new choices for efficient capture,but issues related to high energy consumption and operational costs remain unresolved.The CO_(2) geological utilization has developed earlier,where breakthroughs rely on effective source matching,enhanced miscibility and increased swept volume.The CO_(2) chemical utilization exhibits broad market potential for producing high value-added products,and the development of catalytic systems with high conversion efficiency and low cost is identified as the core challenge.For CO_(2) storage,diverse geological bodies provide vast theoretical capacities on both land and offshore worldwide,but subsidy policies and carbon market regulation are required to offset the limited economic returns of storage technologies.This study highlights several frontier technologies,including low-concentration CO_(2) capture,CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery(EOR),CO_(2)-based green fuel synthesis,microbial CO_(2) conversion,CO_(2) mineralization and hydrogen production,and CO_(2) cushion gas replacement in underground gas storage(UGS).Through cost-effective innovation,regional pipeline network development,flexible technology integration,coordinated macro-policy regulation,and cross-disciplinary collaboration,CCUS can achieve a transformative scale-up from million-ton and ten-million-ton capacities to the hundred-million-ton level,contributing to the achievement of the carbon neutrality goals of China.
文摘High-quality standards serve as the value scale for consensus on the conversion of green benefits.Taking carbon emissions in production cycle and carbon footprints in life cycle as examples,it is arduous work to significantly improve their comparability,credibility,and manageability.At present,there are over 1,400 ISO standards in the dual carbon field.In China,there are over 1,400 relevant national standards,over 3,000 sectoral standards,over 1,900 local standards,and over 800 association standards,forming a comprehensive supporting system.
文摘Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide have led to global climate change,which poses one of the greatest threats to human survival in the 21st century.The urgent need to achieve carbon neutrality to mitigate climatic issues has stimulated the rapid development of advanced materials and technologies for clean energy conversion and efficient storage.In recent years,a series of remarkable advances have emerged,revealing innovative materials and strategies that significantly accelerate the transition toward sus-tainable energy solutions.In this context,this special issue presents ten high-quality contributions,including seven comprehensive reviews and three original research articles[1-10],focusing on the latest ad-vances and frontier research in advanced materials and technologies toward carbon neutrality.Collectively,these works highlight the latest progress in catalytic energy conversion,photovoltaic technologies,and electrochemical energy storage,providing valuable insights to guide future efforts in the design of carbon-neutral materials and sustainable energy systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72401207 and 42101300)Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(Grant No.SM202110038001).
文摘This paper investigates China's coal price volatility spreaders(CPVSs)from the supply side to locate the volatility source since coal price volatility may destabilize many downstream products'prices or even bring uncertainties to macroeconomic output.Especially in the carbon neutrality context,China's coal market is being reconstructed and responding to imbalances between supply and demand;identifying the CPVSs helps alleviate rising market instability and prevent energy-induced system risk.To achieve this objective,we explore causalities among 938 weekly coal prices reported by different coal-producing areas of China from 2006.9.4 to 2021.7.12 using the transfer entropy method.Then,coal price volatility influence is quantified to identify the CPVSs by conjointly using complex network theory and a rank aggregation method.The validity test demonstrates that the proposed hybrid method efficiently identifies the CPVSs as it correlates to many price determinants,e.g.,electricity and coal consumption and generation.The empirical results show that causalities among coal prices changed dramatically in 2016,2018,and 2020,affected by coal decapacity and carbon neutrality policies.Before 2018,coal-producing provinces with strong demand for coal and electricity,e.g.,Jiangxi,Chongqing,and Sichuan,were CPVSs;after 2019,those with comparative advantages in coal supply,e.g.,Gansu and Ningxia,were CPVSs.Overall,the coal market is unstable and sensitive to energy policy and external shocks.Policymakers and market participants are recommended to monitor and manage the CPVSs to improve energy security,avoid policy-induced instability and prevent risks caused by coal price fluctuations.
文摘Building operations-that is,the continual activities and processes required to manage and maintain buildings-are responsible for approximately 30% of global energy use and 26% of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions.
基金Scientific Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Hebei Province in 2025“Research on Government Procurement-Driven Green Governance of Hebei’s Manufacturing Industry”(Project No.:QN2025662)Social Science Fund of Hebei Province in 2024“Research on Informal Environmental Regulation Promoting Green Development of Hebei’s Manufacturing Industry”(Project No.:HB24GL036)Hebei Provincial Social Science Development Research Project,“Study on the Constraints and Implementation Paths of the Transformation from Dual Control of Energy Consumption to Dual Control of Carbon Emissions in Hebei Province”(Project No.:HBSKFZ25QN199)。
文摘Taking China’s 2018 value-added tax(VAT)credit refund reform as an exogenous shock to improve VAT neutrality,we use a difference-in-differences approach to explore how the reform affected corporate social responsibility(CSR).We find that the reform motivated firms to improve CSR performance.The reform has a“resource”effect,increasing internal funds and reducing financing costs,thereby enhancing firms’ability to undertake CSR.The reform also has a“reputation”effect,stimulating firms’willingness to engage in CSR to improve their reputations.CSR following the reform increases firm values and reduces bankruptcy risk.Our study provides fresh insights into VAT neutrality theory and is a reference for tax reform in emerging economies.
文摘The China National Institute of Standardization(CNIS)held the Academic Meeting on 20th Anniversary of China Energy Label in Beijing on June 27.The event took place during the 35th National Energy Conservation Publicity Week,which ran from June 23 to 29.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42475125,42105117,42021004 and 41975143)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFA0607202 and 2020YFA0607501)+4 种基金Jiangsu Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.BK20220055)the 333 Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BRA2017402)the R&D Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20220020)Zhejiang Provincial Basic Public Welfare Research Project(No.LGF22D050004)the Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink,China Meteorological Administration(ECSSCMA).
文摘China is the largest emitter of anthropogenic CO_(2) globally,with its cities recognized as significant emission hotspots.Consequently,evaluating anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions and the carbon neutral capability(CNC)of Chinese cities is critical for climate change mitigation.Despite this importance,no studies to date have assessed recent and future city-scale CNCs using the top-down atmospheric inversion approach,revealing substantial knowledge gaps regarding regional CO_(2) budgets.To address these issues,this research focused on Hangzhou,a megacity known for having the highest forest cover among China’s provincial capitals,as study region.Year-round atmospheric CO_(2) concentration measurements were conducted from December 2020 to November 2021 at two sites:one urban and one suburban.These observations,along with their difference,were utilized to derive city-scale posterior anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions and to evaluate recent and future CNCs.Our key findings are as follows:(1)The manufacturing industry,energy industry and oil refineries/transformation industry were identified as the largest contributors to urban-suburban CO_(2) difference,accounting for 36.5%,21.3%,and 16.6%,respectively.Additionally,82.5%,65.2%,81.2%and 86.3%of total anthropogenic CO_(2) enhancements were attributed to emissions within Hangzhou city in winter,spring,summer and autumn,respectively.(2)The posterior annual anthropogenic CO_(2) emission for Hangzhouwas estimated at 4.65(±0.72)×10^(10) kg/a,indicating significant biases among different prior CO_(2) emission inventories.The annual biological CO_(2) sink,derived from multiple products,was estimated at-0.48(±0.16)×10^(10) kg.(3)The calculated CNC for 2021was 10.3%±3.4%,highlighting a substantial gap towards achieving full carbon neutrality.Considering potential increases in ecosystem carbon sinks due to forest age and uncertainties from climate change,it was predicted that at least 65.2%-82.6%of anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions must be reduced to achieve the goal of full carbon neutrality by year of 2060.
文摘Against the backdrop of the global response to climate change and the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),low-carbon transition and sustainable development have become essential pathways for corporate growth.The transition of the energy industry,as the main source of carbon emissions,to a low-carbon model is essential for achieving global carbon neutrality goals.
文摘功率变换器采用脉宽调制时产生的高共模电压CMV(common-mode voltage)会使电机轴电压过高,进而导致高频高幅值轴电流破坏电机绝缘、增加电磁干扰等。为减小中点钳位型NPC(neutral point clamped)三电平变换器的共模电压,提出了基于代数调制框架的共模电压抑制策略:首先,将占空比的确定问题转化为非齐次线性方程组的求解问题;然后,合理地选择调制自由度以实现中点电压NPV(neutral point voltage)平衡控制的目标;其次,根据占空比约束,选择偏置量获取最终占空比;最后,使中间相开关采用反相载波得到新的开关状态组合,实现降低共模电压的目的。所提调制策略无需额外的控制器,实现简单,在保证中点钳位型三电平变换器的中点电压具有良好平衡特性的前提下,可将共模电压降低至直流侧电压的1/6范围内。实验结果验证了所提调制策略的有效性和可行性。
