The discharge patterns of neurons in auditory centers encode information about sounds.However,few studies have focused on the synaptic mechanisms underlying the shaping of discharge patterns using intracellular record...The discharge patterns of neurons in auditory centers encode information about sounds.However,few studies have focused on the synaptic mechanisms underlying the shaping of discharge patterns using intracellular recording techniques.Here,we investigated the discharge patterns of inferior collicular（IC）neurons using intracellular recordings to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the shaping of discharge patterns.Under in vivo intracellular recording conditions,recordings were obtained from 66 IC neurons in 18 healthy adult mice（Mus musculus,Km）under free field-stimulation.Fiftyeight of these neurons fired bursts of action potentials（APs）to auditory stimuli and the remaining eight just generated local responses such as excitatory（n=4）or inhibitory（n=4）postsynaptic potentials.Based on the APs and subthreshold responses,the discharge patterns were classified into seven types：phasic（24/58,41.4%）,phasic burst（8/58,13.8%）,pauser（4/58,6.9%）,phasic-pauser（1/58,1.7%）,chopper（2/58,3.4%）,primary-like tonic（14/58,24.1%）and sound-induced inhibitory（5/58,8.6%）.We concluded that（1）IC neurons exhibit at least seven distinct discharge patterns;（2）inhibition participates in shaping the discharge pattern of most IC neurons and plays a role in sculpting the pattern,except for the primary-like tonic pattern which was not shapedby inhibition;and（3）local neural circuits are the likely structural basis that shapes the discharge patterns of IC neurons and can be formed either in the IC or in lower-level auditory structures.展开更多
Many cancers can exploit nearby neurons to promote their growth, but in extracranial tumors, these interactions are generally attributed to the secretion of growth factors or indirect effects(Padmanaban et al., 2024;R...Many cancers can exploit nearby neurons to promote their growth, but in extracranial tumors, these interactions are generally attributed to the secretion of growth factors or indirect effects(Padmanaban et al., 2024;Renz et al., 2018). Recently, in a study published in Nature, Wang's group(Zhi et al., 2025) discovered that gastric cancer(GC) can form neural circuits with adjacent nociceptive sensory nerves and utilize these malignant circuits to promote cancer growth and metastasis.展开更多
The regulation of signal transmission speed is one of the most important capabilities of the biological nervous system.This study explores the mechanisms and methods for regulating signal transmission speed among nonm...The regulation of signal transmission speed is one of the most important capabilities of the biological nervous system.This study explores the mechanisms and methods for regulating signal transmission speed among nonmyelinated neurons within the same brain region,starting from spike-timing-dependent plasticity(STDP)of synapses.Building upon the Hodgkin-Huxley model,the dynamic behavior of synapses is incorporated,and the adaptive growth neuron(AGN)model is proposed.Artificial synaptic structures and neuronal physical nodes are also designed.The artificial synaptic structure exhibits unidirectionality,memory capacity,and STDP,enabling it to connect neuronal physical nodes through branching and merging structures.Furthermore,the artificial synapse can adjust signal transmission speed,regulate functional competition between different regions of the neuromorphic network,and promote information interaction.The findings of this study endow neuromorphic networks with the ability to regulate signal transmission speed over the long term,providing new insights into the development of neuromorphic networks.展开更多
This study delves into the role of the neuromuscular junction in communication between nerves and muscles, as well as the importance of sarcomeres in muscle contraction. A mechanical device and circuit model is develo...This study delves into the role of the neuromuscular junction in communication between nerves and muscles, as well as the importance of sarcomeres in muscle contraction. A mechanical device and circuit model is developed to simulate the movement of sarcomeres and the biophysical properties of skeletal muscles, including membrane potential and channel currents.The model integrates electromagnetic, kinetic, and elastic potential energy, which is verified by Helmholtz's theorem. By using memristors to simulate the neuromuscular junction, the coupling of neuronal circuits with muscle cell circuits is achieved, and dynamic analysis is conducted.Adjusting Hamiltonian energy parameters can modulate oscillation patterns and beam displacement, optimizing the coupling strength between neurons and muscle cells. The study demonstrates that by manipulating energy ratios, it is possible to control the interactions between muscle cells.展开更多
The superior colliculus(SC),one of the most well-characterized midbrain sensorimotor structures where visual,auditory,and somatosensory information are integrated to initiate motor commands,is highly conserved across ...The superior colliculus(SC),one of the most well-characterized midbrain sensorimotor structures where visual,auditory,and somatosensory information are integrated to initiate motor commands,is highly conserved across vertebrate evolution.Moreover,cell-type-specific SC neurons integrate afferent signals within local networks to generate defined output related to innate and cognitive behaviors.This review focuses on the recent progress in understanding of phenotypic diversity amongst SC neurons and their intrinsic circuits and long-projection targets.We further describe relevant neural circuits and specific cell types in relation to behavioral outputs and cognitive functions.The systematic delineation of SC organization,cell types,and neural connections is further put into context across species as these depend upon laminar architecture.Moreover,we focus on SC neural circuitry involving saccadic eye movement,and cognitive and innate behaviors.Overall,the review provides insight into SC functioning and represents a basis for further understanding of the pathology associated with SC dysfunction.展开更多
Inflammatory processes are an integral part of the stress response and are likely to result from a programmed adaptation that is vital to the organism＇s survival and well-being.The whole inflammatory response is medi...Inflammatory processes are an integral part of the stress response and are likely to result from a programmed adaptation that is vital to the organism＇s survival and well-being.The whole inflammatory response is mediated by largely overlapping circuits in the limbic forebrain,hypothalamus and brainstem,but is also under the control of the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems.Genetically predisposed individuals who fail to tune the respective contributions of the two systems in accordance with stressor modality and intensity after adverse experiences can be at risk for stress-related psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases.Altered glucocorticoid（GC） homeostasis due to GC resistance leads to the failure of neural and negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during chronic inflammation,and this might be the mechanism underlying the ensuing brain and heart diseases and the high prevalence of co-morbidity between the two systems.By the combined use of light and genetically-encoded lightsensitive proteins,optogenetics allows cell-type-specific,fast（millisecond-scale） control of precisely defined events in biological systems.This method is an important breakthrough to explore the causality between neural activity patterns and behavioral profiles relevant to anxiety,depression,autism and schizophrenia.Optogenetics also helps to understand the ＂inflammatory dialogue＂,the inflammatory processes in psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases,shared by heart and brain in the context of stress.展开更多
Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)causes lifelong infections worldwide,and currently there is no efficient cure or vaccine.HSV-1-derived tools,such as neuronal circuit tracers and oncolytic viruses,have been used exte...Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)causes lifelong infections worldwide,and currently there is no efficient cure or vaccine.HSV-1-derived tools,such as neuronal circuit tracers and oncolytic viruses,have been used exten-sively;however,further genetic engineering of HSV-1 is hindered by its complex genome structure.In the present study,we designed and constructed a synthetic platform for HSV-1 based on H129-G4.The complete genome was constructed from 10 fragments through 3 rounds of synthesis using transformation-associated recombination(TAR)in yeast,and was named H129-Syn-G2.The H129-Syn-G2 genome contained two copies of the gfp gene and was transfected into cells to rescue the virus.According to growth curve assay and electron microscopy results,the synthetic viruses exhibited more optimized growth properties and similar morphogenesis compared to the parental virus.This synthetic platform will facilitate further manipulation of the HSV-1 genome for the devel-opment of neuronal circuit tracers,oncolytic viruses,and vaccines.展开更多
We study afresh how the glucose control system anomalies impact the organicity of the glucose homeostasis and build up events of persistent hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. We have used critically the state of art...We study afresh how the glucose control system anomalies impact the organicity of the glucose homeostasis and build up events of persistent hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. We have used critically the state of art literature related to the subject, in order to cross, to compare, and to organize the relevant contents to create a logical and consistent support to the finds. We show that it is consistent to assume that persistent hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus can have precursors not only in pancreas, but also in brain, mainly induced by noxious dysfunctions of hypothalamus sensor neurons circuits and external noxious elements, causing pancreas overload, and the consequent exhaustion—overburden.展开更多
Circuits in barrels of the rodent brain’s primary somatosensory (S1) cortex build up following constructivist rules. Previous evidence in mice supports that the precise addition of barrel neuropil is promoted by insu...Circuits in barrels of the rodent brain’s primary somatosensory (S1) cortex build up following constructivist rules. Previous evidence in mice supports that the precise addition of barrel neuropil is promoted by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The signaling cascades mediating this response remain undetermined. To address whether the effects of IGF-1 upon the growth of S1 circuits are mediated by insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), we studied barrel size in adult mice having the IRS-1 gene knocked out (IRS-1 ko). Our results reveal that barrel size is similar between wild type and IRS-1 ko mice suggesting that IRS-1 is not essential for barrel circuitry growth. Hence, investigations aimed at exploring other substrates activated by IGF-1, namely IRS-2 and IRS-4, are needed to reveal signaling pathways that mediate the precise addition of S1 neuronal circuitry.展开更多
Proper migration of neuronal somas and axonal growth cones to designated locations in the developing brain is essential for the assembly of functional neuronal circuits.Rapid progress in research of axon guidance and ...Proper migration of neuronal somas and axonal growth cones to designated locations in the developing brain is essential for the assembly of functional neuronal circuits.Rapid progress in research of axon guidance and neuronal migration has been made in the last twenty years.Chinese researchers began their exploration in this field ten years ago and have made significant contributions in clarifying the signal transduction of axon guidance and neuronal migration.Several unique experimental approaches,including the migration assay of single isolated neurons in response to locally delivered guidance cues,have been developed by Chinese neuroscientists to investigate the molecular machinery underlying these guidance events.展开更多
By a small-size complex network of coupled chaotic Hindmarsh-Rose circuits, we study experimen- tally the stability of network synchronization to the removal of shortcut links. It is shown that the removal of a single...By a small-size complex network of coupled chaotic Hindmarsh-Rose circuits, we study experimen- tally the stability of network synchronization to the removal of shortcut links. It is shown that the removal of a single shortcut link may destroy either completely or partially the network synchroniza- tion. Interestingly, when the network is partially desynchronized, it is found that the oscillators can be organized into different groups, with oscillators within each group being highly synchronized but are not for oscillators from different groups, showing the intriguing phenomenon of cluster synchro- nization. The experimental results are analyzed by the method of eigenvalue analysis, which implies that the formation of cluster synchronization is crucially dependent on the network symmetries. Our study demonstrates the observability of cluster synchronization in realistic systems, and indicates the feasibility of controlling network synchronization by adjusting network topology.展开更多
The entorhinal cortex(EC)-hippocampal(HPC)circuit is particularly vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease(AD)pathol-ogy,yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.By employing the high-depth sequencing strat...The entorhinal cortex(EC)-hippocampal(HPC)circuit is particularly vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease(AD)pathol-ogy,yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.By employing the high-depth sequencing strategy Smart-seq2,we tracked gene expression changes across various neuron types within this circuit at different stages of AD pathology.We observed a decrease in the extent of gene expression changes in AD versus wild-type(WT)mice as the disease advanced.Functionally,we demonstrate that both mitochondrial and ribosomal pathways were increasingly activated,while neuronal pathways were inhibited with AD progression.Our findings indicate that the reduction of EC-stellate cells disrupts Meg3-mediated energy metabolism,contributing to energy dysfunction in AD.Additionally,we identified GFAP-positive neurons as a distinct population of disease-associated neurons,exhibiting a loss of neuronal-like characteristics,alongside the emergence of glia-and stem-like features.The num-ber of GFAP-positive neurons increased with AD progression,a trend consistently observed in both AD model mice and AD patients.In summary,this study identifies and characterizes GFAP-positive neurons as a novel subtype of disease-associated neurons in AD pathology,providing insights into their potential role in disease progression.展开更多
The Morris-Lecar model is a neuronal model designed to replicate the oscillatory activity of barnacle giant muscle fibers.This work presents a three-dimensional Morris-Lecar model with a novel fast-slow structure.The ...The Morris-Lecar model is a neuronal model designed to replicate the oscillatory activity of barnacle giant muscle fibers.This work presents a three-dimensional Morris-Lecar model with a novel fast-slow structure.The model introduces a current containing slow variables,thereby forming a new fast-slow structure with the membrane potential.Numerical results reveal the existence of two independent unstable foci and complex dynamical behaviors that include period-doubling bifurcations and spiking/bursting activities.Two types of bifurcation mechanisms for bursting activities are elucidated through theoretical analysis based on four typical bursting activities.Finally,a digital neuronal circuit was developed based on FPGA,and experimental results show good consistency with numerical results.展开更多
Neuromorphic computing aims to achieve artificial intelligence by mimicking the mechanisms of biological neurons and synapses that make up the human brain.However,the possibility of using one reconfigurable memristor ...Neuromorphic computing aims to achieve artificial intelligence by mimicking the mechanisms of biological neurons and synapses that make up the human brain.However,the possibility of using one reconfigurable memristor as both artificial neuron and synapse still requires intensive research in detail.In this work,Ag/SrTiO_(3)(STO)/Pt memristor with low operating voltage is manufactured and reconfigurable as both neuron and synapse for neuromorphic computing chip.By modulating the compliance current,two types of resistance switching,volatile and nonvolatile,can be obtained in amorphous STO thin film.This is attributed to the manipulation of the Ag conductive filament.Furthermore,through regulating electrical pulses and designing bionic circuits,the neuronal functions of leaky integrate and fire,as well as synaptic biomimicry with spike-timing-dependent plasticity and paired-pulse facilitation neural regulation,are successfully realized.This study shows that the reconfigurable devices based on STO thin film are promising for the application of neuromorphic computing systems.展开更多
Based on brain-inspired computing frameworks,neuromorphic systems implement large-scale neural networks in hardware.Although rapid advances have been made in the development of artificial neurons and synapses in recen...Based on brain-inspired computing frameworks,neuromorphic systems implement large-scale neural networks in hardware.Although rapid advances have been made in the development of artificial neurons and synapses in recent years,further research is beyond these individual components and focuses on neuronal circuit motifs with specialized excitatory-inhibitory(E-I)connectivity patterns.In this study,we demonstrate a core processor that can be used to construct commonly used neuronal circuits.The neuron,featuring an ultracompact physical configuration,integrates a volatile threshold switch with a gate-modulated two-dimensional(2D)MoS_(2) field-effect channel to process complex E-I spatiotemporal spiking signals.Consequently,basic neuronal circuits are constructed for biorealistic neuromorphic computing.For practical applications,an algorithm-hardware co-design is implemented in a gatecontrolled spiking neural network with substantial performance improvement in human speech separation.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070971,31000959)
文摘The discharge patterns of neurons in auditory centers encode information about sounds.However,few studies have focused on the synaptic mechanisms underlying the shaping of discharge patterns using intracellular recording techniques.Here,we investigated the discharge patterns of inferior collicular（IC）neurons using intracellular recordings to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying the shaping of discharge patterns.Under in vivo intracellular recording conditions,recordings were obtained from 66 IC neurons in 18 healthy adult mice（Mus musculus,Km）under free field-stimulation.Fiftyeight of these neurons fired bursts of action potentials（APs）to auditory stimuli and the remaining eight just generated local responses such as excitatory（n=4）or inhibitory（n=4）postsynaptic potentials.Based on the APs and subthreshold responses,the discharge patterns were classified into seven types：phasic（24/58,41.4%）,phasic burst（8/58,13.8%）,pauser（4/58,6.9%）,phasic-pauser（1/58,1.7%）,chopper（2/58,3.4%）,primary-like tonic（14/58,24.1%）and sound-induced inhibitory（5/58,8.6%）.We concluded that（1）IC neurons exhibit at least seven distinct discharge patterns;（2）inhibition participates in shaping the discharge pattern of most IC neurons and plays a role in sculpting the pattern,except for the primary-like tonic pattern which was not shapedby inhibition;and（3）local neural circuits are the likely structural basis that shapes the discharge patterns of IC neurons and can be formed either in the IC or in lower-level auditory structures.
基金supported by the Major Project of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (D25H300005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32000799)。
文摘Many cancers can exploit nearby neurons to promote their growth, but in extracranial tumors, these interactions are generally attributed to the secretion of growth factors or indirect effects(Padmanaban et al., 2024;Renz et al., 2018). Recently, in a study published in Nature, Wang's group(Zhi et al., 2025) discovered that gastric cancer(GC) can form neural circuits with adjacent nociceptive sensory nerves and utilize these malignant circuits to promote cancer growth and metastasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62171182)the Natural Scienceof Hunan Province(Grant No.2025JJ50345)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20240452)。
文摘The regulation of signal transmission speed is one of the most important capabilities of the biological nervous system.This study explores the mechanisms and methods for regulating signal transmission speed among nonmyelinated neurons within the same brain region,starting from spike-timing-dependent plasticity(STDP)of synapses.Building upon the Hodgkin-Huxley model,the dynamic behavior of synapses is incorporated,and the adaptive growth neuron(AGN)model is proposed.Artificial synaptic structures and neuronal physical nodes are also designed.The artificial synaptic structure exhibits unidirectionality,memory capacity,and STDP,enabling it to connect neuronal physical nodes through branching and merging structures.Furthermore,the artificial synapse can adjust signal transmission speed,regulate functional competition between different regions of the neuromorphic network,and promote information interaction.The findings of this study endow neuromorphic networks with the ability to regulate signal transmission speed over the long term,providing new insights into the development of neuromorphic networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12402061)。
文摘This study delves into the role of the neuromuscular junction in communication between nerves and muscles, as well as the importance of sarcomeres in muscle contraction. A mechanical device and circuit model is developed to simulate the movement of sarcomeres and the biophysical properties of skeletal muscles, including membrane potential and channel currents.The model integrates electromagnetic, kinetic, and elastic potential energy, which is verified by Helmholtz's theorem. By using memristors to simulate the neuromuscular junction, the coupling of neuronal circuits with muscle cell circuits is achieved, and dynamic analysis is conducted.Adjusting Hamiltonian energy parameters can modulate oscillation patterns and beam displacement, optimizing the coupling strength between neurons and muscle cells. The study demonstrates that by manipulating energy ratios, it is possible to control the interactions between muscle cells.
基金This review was supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2018B030331001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31630031 and 31930047)+3 种基金the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fund(2019025),the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior(2017B030301017)the Chinese Academy of Sciences International Partnership Program(172644KYSB20170004)the CAS President’s International Fellowship for Distinguished Scientists(2021DB0003)the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(#10677).
文摘The superior colliculus(SC),one of the most well-characterized midbrain sensorimotor structures where visual,auditory,and somatosensory information are integrated to initiate motor commands,is highly conserved across vertebrate evolution.Moreover,cell-type-specific SC neurons integrate afferent signals within local networks to generate defined output related to innate and cognitive behaviors.This review focuses on the recent progress in understanding of phenotypic diversity amongst SC neurons and their intrinsic circuits and long-projection targets.We further describe relevant neural circuits and specific cell types in relation to behavioral outputs and cognitive functions.The systematic delineation of SC organization,cell types,and neural connections is further put into context across species as these depend upon laminar architecture.Moreover,we focus on SC neural circuitry involving saccadic eye movement,and cognitive and innate behaviors.Overall,the review provides insight into SC functioning and represents a basis for further understanding of the pathology associated with SC dysfunction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30970942,91132306)the National Basic Research Development Program(973 program) of China (2010CB529605,2011CB504405)+1 种基金the "Hundred Talents Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Guangdong Innovation Research Team Fund for Low-cost Healthcare Technologiesa Shenzhen Governmental Basic Research Grant
文摘Inflammatory processes are an integral part of the stress response and are likely to result from a programmed adaptation that is vital to the organism＇s survival and well-being.The whole inflammatory response is mediated by largely overlapping circuits in the limbic forebrain,hypothalamus and brainstem,but is also under the control of the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems.Genetically predisposed individuals who fail to tune the respective contributions of the two systems in accordance with stressor modality and intensity after adverse experiences can be at risk for stress-related psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases.Altered glucocorticoid（GC） homeostasis due to GC resistance leads to the failure of neural and negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during chronic inflammation,and this might be the mechanism underlying the ensuing brain and heart diseases and the high prevalence of co-morbidity between the two systems.By the combined use of light and genetically-encoded lightsensitive proteins,optogenetics allows cell-type-specific,fast（millisecond-scale） control of precisely defined events in biological systems.This method is an important breakthrough to explore the causality between neural activity patterns and behavioral profiles relevant to anxiety,depression,autism and schizophrenia.Optogenetics also helps to understand the ＂inflammatory dialogue＂,the inflammatory processes in psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases,shared by heart and brain in the context of stress.
基金Wuhan Institute of Virology for financial support for the research(grant no.EISA020201).
文摘Herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)causes lifelong infections worldwide,and currently there is no efficient cure or vaccine.HSV-1-derived tools,such as neuronal circuit tracers and oncolytic viruses,have been used exten-sively;however,further genetic engineering of HSV-1 is hindered by its complex genome structure.In the present study,we designed and constructed a synthetic platform for HSV-1 based on H129-G4.The complete genome was constructed from 10 fragments through 3 rounds of synthesis using transformation-associated recombination(TAR)in yeast,and was named H129-Syn-G2.The H129-Syn-G2 genome contained two copies of the gfp gene and was transfected into cells to rescue the virus.According to growth curve assay and electron microscopy results,the synthetic viruses exhibited more optimized growth properties and similar morphogenesis compared to the parental virus.This synthetic platform will facilitate further manipulation of the HSV-1 genome for the devel-opment of neuronal circuit tracers,oncolytic viruses,and vaccines.
文摘We study afresh how the glucose control system anomalies impact the organicity of the glucose homeostasis and build up events of persistent hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. We have used critically the state of art literature related to the subject, in order to cross, to compare, and to organize the relevant contents to create a logical and consistent support to the finds. We show that it is consistent to assume that persistent hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus can have precursors not only in pancreas, but also in brain, mainly induced by noxious dysfunctions of hypothalamus sensor neurons circuits and external noxious elements, causing pancreas overload, and the consequent exhaustion—overburden.
基金supported in part by CONACyT(Grant No.82879 to G.G.O.)PAPIIT-UNAM(Grants Nos.IN203912-3 to G.G.O.and IA202013-2 to E.U.Q.)CIC-UMSNH(Grant No.8.37 to A.L.F.F.).
文摘Circuits in barrels of the rodent brain’s primary somatosensory (S1) cortex build up following constructivist rules. Previous evidence in mice supports that the precise addition of barrel neuropil is promoted by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The signaling cascades mediating this response remain undetermined. To address whether the effects of IGF-1 upon the growth of S1 circuits are mediated by insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), we studied barrel size in adult mice having the IRS-1 gene knocked out (IRS-1 ko). Our results reveal that barrel size is similar between wild type and IRS-1 ko mice suggesting that IRS-1 is not essential for barrel circuitry growth. Hence, investigations aimed at exploring other substrates activated by IGF-1, namely IRS-2 and IRS-4, are needed to reveal signaling pathways that mediate the precise addition of S1 neuronal circuitry.
基金supported by the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No KSCX2-YW-R-103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No 30625023)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos 2006CB806600 and 2006CB943903)
文摘Proper migration of neuronal somas and axonal growth cones to designated locations in the developing brain is essential for the assembly of functional neuronal circuits.Rapid progress in research of axon guidance and neuronal migration has been made in the last twenty years.Chinese researchers began their exploration in this field ten years ago and have made significant contributions in clarifying the signal transduction of axon guidance and neuronal migration.Several unique experimental approaches,including the migration assay of single isolated neurons in response to locally delivered guidance cues,have been developed by Chinese neuroscientists to investigate the molecular machinery underlying these guidance events.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11375109 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. GK201601001. Y.Z. Yu and X.G. Wang thank the support from the National Demonstration Center for pe rimental X-physics Education （Shaanxi Normal University）.
文摘By a small-size complex network of coupled chaotic Hindmarsh-Rose circuits, we study experimen- tally the stability of network synchronization to the removal of shortcut links. It is shown that the removal of a single shortcut link may destroy either completely or partially the network synchroniza- tion. Interestingly, when the network is partially desynchronized, it is found that the oscillators can be organized into different groups, with oscillators within each group being highly synchronized but are not for oscillators from different groups, showing the intriguing phenomenon of cluster synchro- nization. The experimental results are analyzed by the method of eigenvalue analysis, which implies that the formation of cluster synchronization is crucially dependent on the network symmetries. Our study demonstrates the observability of cluster synchronization in realistic systems, and indicates the feasibility of controlling network synchronization by adjusting network topology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82125009,82330045,32121002,82071185,82172061,and 92149303)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2020YFA0509300,2021YFA0804900,and 2022YFC2703102)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB39000000)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-013),Plans for Major Provincial Science&Technology Projects(202303a07020004)Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei Brain Project,Research Funds of Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM(QYZD20220003)the Major Frontier Research Project of the University of Science and Technology of China(LS9100000002)S&T Program of Shijiazhuang(235790429H).
文摘The entorhinal cortex(EC)-hippocampal(HPC)circuit is particularly vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease(AD)pathol-ogy,yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.By employing the high-depth sequencing strategy Smart-seq2,we tracked gene expression changes across various neuron types within this circuit at different stages of AD pathology.We observed a decrease in the extent of gene expression changes in AD versus wild-type(WT)mice as the disease advanced.Functionally,we demonstrate that both mitochondrial and ribosomal pathways were increasingly activated,while neuronal pathways were inhibited with AD progression.Our findings indicate that the reduction of EC-stellate cells disrupts Meg3-mediated energy metabolism,contributing to energy dysfunction in AD.Additionally,we identified GFAP-positive neurons as a distinct population of disease-associated neurons,exhibiting a loss of neuronal-like characteristics,alongside the emergence of glia-and stem-like features.The num-ber of GFAP-positive neurons increased with AD progression,a trend consistently observed in both AD model mice and AD patients.In summary,this study identifies and characterizes GFAP-positive neurons as a novel subtype of disease-associated neurons in AD pathology,providing insights into their potential role in disease progression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62271088,62201094)the Joint Guidance Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.LH2020F022)the Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangsu Provincial Education Department of China(Grant No.22KJB510001).
文摘The Morris-Lecar model is a neuronal model designed to replicate the oscillatory activity of barnacle giant muscle fibers.This work presents a three-dimensional Morris-Lecar model with a novel fast-slow structure.The model introduces a current containing slow variables,thereby forming a new fast-slow structure with the membrane potential.Numerical results reveal the existence of two independent unstable foci and complex dynamical behaviors that include period-doubling bifurcations and spiking/bursting activities.Two types of bifurcation mechanisms for bursting activities are elucidated through theoretical analysis based on four typical bursting activities.Finally,a digital neuronal circuit was developed based on FPGA,and experimental results show good consistency with numerical results.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2018AAA0103300)the National Key R&D Plan“Nano Frontier”Key Special Project (Grant No.2021YFA1200502)+13 种基金the Cultivation Projects of National Major R&D Project (Grant No.92164109)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61874158,62004056,and 62104058)the Special Project of Strategic Leading Science and Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB44000000-7)Hebei Basic Research Special Key Project (Grant No.F2021201045)the Support Program for the Top Young Talents of Hebei Province (Grant No.70280011807)the Supporting Plan for 100 Excellent Innovative Talents in Colleges and Universities of Hebei Province (Grant No.SLRC2019018)the Interdisciplinary Research Program of Natural Science of Hebei University (No.DXK202101)Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development (No.521100311)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Nos.F2022201054 and F2021201022)the Outstanding Young Scientific Research and Innovation team of Hebei University (Grant No.605020521001)Special Support Funds for National High Level Talents (Grant No.041500120001)High-level Talent Research Startup Project of Hebei University (Grant No.521000981426)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department (Grant Nos.QN2020178 and QN2021026)Baoding Science and Technology Plan Project (Nos.2172P011 and 2272P014).
文摘Neuromorphic computing aims to achieve artificial intelligence by mimicking the mechanisms of biological neurons and synapses that make up the human brain.However,the possibility of using one reconfigurable memristor as both artificial neuron and synapse still requires intensive research in detail.In this work,Ag/SrTiO_(3)(STO)/Pt memristor with low operating voltage is manufactured and reconfigurable as both neuron and synapse for neuromorphic computing chip.By modulating the compliance current,two types of resistance switching,volatile and nonvolatile,can be obtained in amorphous STO thin film.This is attributed to the manipulation of the Ag conductive filament.Furthermore,through regulating electrical pulses and designing bionic circuits,the neuronal functions of leaky integrate and fire,as well as synaptic biomimicry with spike-timing-dependent plasticity and paired-pulse facilitation neural regulation,are successfully realized.This study shows that the reconfigurable devices based on STO thin film are promising for the application of neuromorphic computing systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:92264106,U22A2076,62090034,DT23F0401,DT23F04008,DT23F04009Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:62204219。
文摘Based on brain-inspired computing frameworks,neuromorphic systems implement large-scale neural networks in hardware.Although rapid advances have been made in the development of artificial neurons and synapses in recent years,further research is beyond these individual components and focuses on neuronal circuit motifs with specialized excitatory-inhibitory(E-I)connectivity patterns.In this study,we demonstrate a core processor that can be used to construct commonly used neuronal circuits.The neuron,featuring an ultracompact physical configuration,integrates a volatile threshold switch with a gate-modulated two-dimensional(2D)MoS_(2) field-effect channel to process complex E-I spatiotemporal spiking signals.Consequently,basic neuronal circuits are constructed for biorealistic neuromorphic computing.For practical applications,an algorithm-hardware co-design is implemented in a gatecontrolled spiking neural network with substantial performance improvement in human speech separation.
