Through vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication,autonomizing a vehicle platoon can significantly reduce the distance between vehicles,thereby reducing air resistance and improving road traffic efficiency.The gradual matu...Through vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication,autonomizing a vehicle platoon can significantly reduce the distance between vehicles,thereby reducing air resistance and improving road traffic efficiency.The gradual maturation of platoon control technology is enabling vehicle platoons to achieve basic driving functions,thereby permitting large-scale vehicle platoon scheduling and planning,which is essential for industrialized platoon applications and generates significant economic benefits.Scheduling and planning are required in many aspects of vehicle platoon operation;here,we outline the advantages and challenges of a number of the most important applications,including platoon formation scheduling,lane-change planning,passing traffic light scheduling,and vehicle resource allocation.This paper’s primary objective is to integrate current independent platoon scheduling and planning techniques into an integrated architecture to meet the demands of large-scale platoon applications.To this end,we first summarize the general techniques of vehicle platoon scheduling and planning,then list the primary scenarios for scheduling and planning technique application,and finally discuss current challenges and future development trends in platoon scheduling and planning.We hope that this paper can encourage related platoon researchers to conduct more systematic research and integrate multiple platoon scheduling and planning technologies and applications.展开更多
Tax cost is one of the costs of business activities,and tax planning has become an indispensable financial activity.How to carry out effective tax planning has been the focus of enterprises.Therefore,this paper intend...Tax cost is one of the costs of business activities,and tax planning has become an indispensable financial activity.How to carry out effective tax planning has been the focus of enterprises.Therefore,this paper intends to discuss how to carry out tax planning from the penetration point and techniques of tax planning,with an aim to provide reference for enterprises’tax planning activities.展开更多
The volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT)technique,in the form of RapidArc,is widely used to treat prostate cancer.The full-single arc(f-SA)technique in RapidArc planning for prostate cancer treatment provides effici...The volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT)technique,in the form of RapidArc,is widely used to treat prostate cancer.The full-single arc(f-SA)technique in RapidArc planning for prostate cancer treatment provides efficient treatment,but it also delivers a higher radiation dose to the rectum.This study aimed to compare the dosimetric results from the new partial-single arc(p-SA)technique with those from the f-SA technique in RapidArc planning for prostate cancer treatment.In this study,10 patients with lowrisk prostate cancer were selected.For each patient,two sets of RapidArc plans(f-SA and p-SA)were created in the Eclipse treatment planning system.The f-SA plan was created using one full arc,and the p-SA plan was created using planning parameters identical to those of the f-SA plan but with anterior and posterior avoidance sectors.Various dosimetric parameters of the f-SA and p-SA plans were evaluated and compared for the same target coverage and identical plan optimization parameters.The f-SA and p-SA plans showed an average difference of±1%for the doses to the planning target volume(PTV),and there were no clear differences in dose homogeneity or plan conformity.In comparison to the f-SA technique,the p-SA technique reduced the doses to the rectum by approximately 6.1%to 21.2%,to the bladder by approximately 10.3%to 29.5%,and to the penile bulb by approximately 2.2%.In contrast,the dose to the femoral heads,the integral dose,and the number of monitor units were higher in the p-SA plans by approximately 34.4%,7.7%,and 9.2%,respectively.In conclusion,it is feasible to use the p-SA technique for RapidArc planning for prostate cancer treatment.For the same PTV coverage and identical plan optimization parameters,the p-SA technique is better in sparing the rectum and bladder without compromising plan conformity or target homogeneity when compared to the f-SA technique.展开更多
There exist major challenges in accelerating the spatial data infrastructure(SDI)planning process in the developing countries as well as advocating for politicians to support the development of SDI,due to the high com...There exist major challenges in accelerating the spatial data infrastructure(SDI)planning process in the developing countries as well as advocating for politicians to support the development of SDI,due to the high complexity of SDI,lack of knowledge and experience,and limited insight in the benefits.To address these challenges,a methodology for SDI planning in Tanzania,based on the system dynamics technique and the communities of practice concept,was adopted and applied within a community consisting of experts from stakeholder organizations.The groups gathered to develop an SDI plan,while they shared their knowledge and discussed their ideas that helped their understanding of SDI.By running the system dynamics model,the development of SDI over time could be simulated that gave the planning community an insight about the future effects of today’s plans and decisions.Finally,an optimum model could be developed by refinements and improvements done with the consensus of the SDI stakeholders.This model included the components and policies that are essential for a successful SDI implementation in Tanzania and can be used as a basis for SDI planning and help to gain political support.Lessons learnt from this research were promising regarding the usability of the methodology for SDI planning in comparable countries.展开更多
Network-based manufacturing is a kind of distributed system, which enables manufacturers to finish production tasks as well as to grasp the opportunities in the market, even if manufacturing resources are insufficient...Network-based manufacturing is a kind of distributed system, which enables manufacturers to finish production tasks as well as to grasp the opportunities in the market, even if manufacturing resources are insufficient. One of the main problems in network-based manufacturing is the allocation of resources and the assignment of tasks rationally, according to flexible resource distribution. The mapping rules and relations between production techniques and resources are proposed, followed by the definition of the resource unit. Ultimately, the genetic programming method for the optimization of the manufacturing system is put forward. A set of software for the optimization system of simulation process using genetic programming techniques has been developed, and the problems of manufacturing resource planning in network-based manufacturing are solved with the simulation of optimizing methods by genetic programming. The optimum proposal of hardware planning, selection of company and scheduling will be obtained in theory to help company managers in scientific decision-making.展开更多
Objective: We studied the application of CT image fusion in the evaluation of radiation treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Eleven patients with NSCLC, who were treated with three-dimen...Objective: We studied the application of CT image fusion in the evaluation of radiation treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Eleven patients with NSCLC, who were treated with three-dimensional con-formal radiation therapy, were studied. Each patient underwent twice sequential planning CT scan, i.e., at pre-treatment, and at mid-treatment for field reduction planning. Three treatment plans were established in each patient: treatment plan A was based on the pre-treatment planning CT scans for the first course of treatment, plan B on the mid-treatment planning CT scans for the second course of treatment, and treatment plan F on the fused images for the whole treatment. The irradiation doses received by organs at risk in the whole treatment with treatment A and B plans were estimated by the plus of the parameters in treatment plan A and B, assuming that the parameters involve the different tissues (i.e. V20=AV20+BV20), or the same tissues within an organ (i.e. Dmax=ADmax+BDmax). The assessment parameters in the treatment plan F were calculated on the basis of the DVH of the whole treatment. Then the above assessment results were compared. Results: There were marked differ-ences between the assessment results derived from the plus of assessment parameters in treatment plan A and B, and the ones derived from treatment plan F. Conclusion: When a treatment plan is altered during the course of radiation treatment, image fusion technique should be performed in the establishment of a new one. The estimation of the assessment parameters for the whole treatment with treatment plan A and B by simple plus, is inaccurate.展开更多
Unmanned vehicles are currently facing many difficulties and challenges in improving safety performance when running in complex urban road traffic environments,such as low intelligence and poor comfort perfor-mance in...Unmanned vehicles are currently facing many difficulties and challenges in improving safety performance when running in complex urban road traffic environments,such as low intelligence and poor comfort perfor-mance in the driving process.The real-time performance of vehicles and the comfort requirements of passengers in path planning and tracking control of unmanned vehicles have attracted more and more attentions.In this paper,in order to improve the real-time performance of the autonomous vehicle planning module and the comfort requirements of passengers that a local granular-based path planning method and tracking control based on multi-segment Bezier curve splicing and model predictive control theory are pro-posed.Especially,the maximum trajectory curvature satisfying ride comfort is regarded as an important constraint condition,and the corresponding curvature threshold is utilized to calculate the control points of Bezier curve.By using low-order interpolation curve splicing,the planning computation is reduced,and the real-time performance of planning is improved,com-pared with one-segment curve fitting method.Furthermore,the comfort performance of the planned path is reflected intuitively by the curvature information of the path.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by the co-simulation platform built by MATLAB/Simulink and Carsim.The simulation results show that the path tracking effect of multi-segment Bezier curve fitting is better than that of high-order curve planning in terms of real-time performance and comfort.展开更多
The four cornerstones of guidance in technique service of family planning are established by WHO based on high quality evidences. They have been updated according to the appearing new evidences, and the consensuses we...The four cornerstones of guidance in technique service of family planning are established by WHO based on high quality evidences. They have been updated according to the appearing new evidences, and the consensuses were reached by the international experts in this field. The four documents include Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, Decision-making Tool for Family Planning Clients and Providers and The Global Handbook for Family Planning Providers. The first two documents mainly face to the policymakers and programme managers and were treated as the important references for creating the local guideline. The other two documents were developed for the front-line health-care and family planning providers at different levels, which include plenty of essential technical information to help providers improve their ability in service delivery and counselling. China paid great attention to the introduction and application of WHO guidelines. As soon as the newer editions of these documents were available, the Chinese version would be followed. WHO guidelines have been primarily adapted with the newly issued national guideline, The Clinical Practical Skill Guidelines-Family Planning Part, which was established by China Medical Association. At the same time, the WHO guidelines have been introduced to some of the clinicians and family planning providers at different levels. In the future, more special training courses will be introduced to the township level based on the needs of grass-root providers.展开更多
Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetla...Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetland park. Therefore, an optimizing rank system is urgently needed. Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution （TOPSIS） models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning. The study indicated that the AHP- TOPSIS model had good discrimination in the classification and ranking of landscape planning works of urban wetland park and it was also applicable to the planning works of other urban greenbelts.展开更多
As a carrier of traditional techniques and local culture, local landscape contains profound theofies of garden aesthetics and landscape ecology. Creating a local landscape is not only important to modem urban ...As a carrier of traditional techniques and local culture, local landscape contains profound theofies of garden aesthetics and landscape ecology. Creating a local landscape is not only important to modem urban landscape design and utban planning, but also an. important part of the construction of current distinctive towns. Based on the analysis of the application of native landscape elements in urban gardens, the research points out the innovative design and application of the local landscape elements. Moreover it uses the artistic expression techniques of extracting the native landscape elements into the garden landscape as the entry point, and analyzes the designing principle and planning key points in die ptocess of creating a local landscape of the cultural square park in charactenstic towns, providing constructing and protecting strategies for creating a landscape of rural landscapes in China＇s landscape planning.展开更多
The generation expansion planning is one of complex mixed-integer optimization problems, which involves a large number of continuous or discrete decision variables and constraints. In this paper, an interior point wit...The generation expansion planning is one of complex mixed-integer optimization problems, which involves a large number of continuous or discrete decision variables and constraints. In this paper, an interior point with cutting plane （IP/CP） method is proposed to solve the mixed-integer optimization problem of the electrical power generation expansion planning. The IP/CP method could improve the overall efficiency of the solution and reduce the computational time. Proposed method is combined with the Bender＇s decomposition technique in order to decompose the generation expansion problem into a master investment problem and a slave operational problem. The numerical example is presented to compare with the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
In this paper, a fast approach to generate time optimal and smooth trajectory has been developed and tested. Minimum time is critical for the productivity in industrial applications. Meanwhile, smooth trajectories bas...In this paper, a fast approach to generate time optimal and smooth trajectory has been developed and tested. Minimum time is critical for the productivity in industrial applications. Meanwhile, smooth trajectories based on cubic splines are desirable for their ability to limit vibrations and ensure the continuity of position, velocity and acceleration during the robot movement. The main feature of the approach is a satisfactory solution that can be obtained by a local modification process among each intermal between two consecutive via-points. An analytical formulation simplifies the approach to smooth trajectory and few,iterations are enough to determine the correct values. The approach can be applied in many robot manipulators which require high performance on time and smooth. The simulation and application of the approach on a palletizer robot are performed, and the experimental results provide evidence that the approach can realize the robot manipulators more efficiency and high smooth performance.展开更多
[目的]介绍股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of femoral head,ONFH)三维规划股骨颈基底部旋转截骨术的手术技术及初步临床结果。[方法]对16例(17髋)股骨头坏死患者行上述手术治疗。将术前CT数据转化为可实施操作和观察的三维模型,使用构建面...[目的]介绍股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of femoral head,ONFH)三维规划股骨颈基底部旋转截骨术的手术技术及初步临床结果。[方法]对16例(17髋)股骨头坏死患者行上述手术治疗。将术前CT数据转化为可实施操作和观察的三维模型,使用构建面工具在股骨颈基底部上建立截骨线,在确保无髋关节撞击的情况下,取股骨头负重区完整率最高时的规划旋转角度,必要时可适度进行股骨头内翻调整。患者全麻后侧卧位,以大粗隆顶点为中心行纵切口,行大转子截骨。屈曲、外展、外旋髋关节,“Z”字形切开关节囊。自内向外切断大转子后方1/3的骨质。沿股骨颈中轴线置入克氏针1枚作为旋转轴,再垂直于股骨颈中轴线方向置入2枚平行克氏针作为定位轴,于两定位轴之间垂直截断股骨颈,以两定位轴的相对角度作为参照,按照术前规划方案进行旋转。使坏死区偏离负重区,确保旋转对股骨头血运无明显影响,用三枚空心螺钉固定,复位固定大转子骨块,关闭切口。[结果]所有手术顺利完成,无严重并发症发生。11例(12髋)术中旋转角度与术前设计一致,5例(5髋)误差5°~10°。随访12~36个月,与术前相比,末次随访时,VAS评分[(5.2±0.5),(0.7±0.6),P<0.001]、Harris评分[(70.8±8.6),(87.5±5.4),P<0.001]、iHOT-12评分[(66.4±9.0),(84.9±9.8),P<0.001]均显著改善。至末次随访时,13例(14髋)影像学显示负重区股骨头形态良好。[结论]三维规划技术为股骨颈基底部旋转截骨术实施提供了准确的技术参数,初步临床结果满意。展开更多
基金funded by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01)of Zhang Jiang Laboratory and Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired TechnologyShanghai Rising Star Program(21QC1400900)Tongji–Westwell Autonomous Vehicle Joint Lab Project。
文摘Through vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication,autonomizing a vehicle platoon can significantly reduce the distance between vehicles,thereby reducing air resistance and improving road traffic efficiency.The gradual maturation of platoon control technology is enabling vehicle platoons to achieve basic driving functions,thereby permitting large-scale vehicle platoon scheduling and planning,which is essential for industrialized platoon applications and generates significant economic benefits.Scheduling and planning are required in many aspects of vehicle platoon operation;here,we outline the advantages and challenges of a number of the most important applications,including platoon formation scheduling,lane-change planning,passing traffic light scheduling,and vehicle resource allocation.This paper’s primary objective is to integrate current independent platoon scheduling and planning techniques into an integrated architecture to meet the demands of large-scale platoon applications.To this end,we first summarize the general techniques of vehicle platoon scheduling and planning,then list the primary scenarios for scheduling and planning technique application,and finally discuss current challenges and future development trends in platoon scheduling and planning.We hope that this paper can encourage related platoon researchers to conduct more systematic research and integrate multiple platoon scheduling and planning technologies and applications.
基金2021 Curriculum Ideological and Political Demonstration Curriculum Construction Subjects(Tax Law)of Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology(The Second Batch)(Number:202103022)。
文摘Tax cost is one of the costs of business activities,and tax planning has become an indispensable financial activity.How to carry out effective tax planning has been the focus of enterprises.Therefore,this paper intends to discuss how to carry out tax planning from the penetration point and techniques of tax planning,with an aim to provide reference for enterprises’tax planning activities.
文摘The volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT)technique,in the form of RapidArc,is widely used to treat prostate cancer.The full-single arc(f-SA)technique in RapidArc planning for prostate cancer treatment provides efficient treatment,but it also delivers a higher radiation dose to the rectum.This study aimed to compare the dosimetric results from the new partial-single arc(p-SA)technique with those from the f-SA technique in RapidArc planning for prostate cancer treatment.In this study,10 patients with lowrisk prostate cancer were selected.For each patient,two sets of RapidArc plans(f-SA and p-SA)were created in the Eclipse treatment planning system.The f-SA plan was created using one full arc,and the p-SA plan was created using planning parameters identical to those of the f-SA plan but with anterior and posterior avoidance sectors.Various dosimetric parameters of the f-SA and p-SA plans were evaluated and compared for the same target coverage and identical plan optimization parameters.The f-SA and p-SA plans showed an average difference of±1%for the doses to the planning target volume(PTV),and there were no clear differences in dose homogeneity or plan conformity.In comparison to the f-SA technique,the p-SA technique reduced the doses to the rectum by approximately 6.1%to 21.2%,to the bladder by approximately 10.3%to 29.5%,and to the penile bulb by approximately 2.2%.In contrast,the dose to the femoral heads,the integral dose,and the number of monitor units were higher in the p-SA plans by approximately 34.4%,7.7%,and 9.2%,respectively.In conclusion,it is feasible to use the p-SA technique for RapidArc planning for prostate cancer treatment.For the same PTV coverage and identical plan optimization parameters,the p-SA technique is better in sparing the rectum and bladder without compromising plan conformity or target homogeneity when compared to the f-SA technique.
基金This study is part of the project“Geodata Infrastructure Development”implemented in collaboration between University of Dar es Salaam and Lund University and funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA)[grant number 7500051503].
文摘There exist major challenges in accelerating the spatial data infrastructure(SDI)planning process in the developing countries as well as advocating for politicians to support the development of SDI,due to the high complexity of SDI,lack of knowledge and experience,and limited insight in the benefits.To address these challenges,a methodology for SDI planning in Tanzania,based on the system dynamics technique and the communities of practice concept,was adopted and applied within a community consisting of experts from stakeholder organizations.The groups gathered to develop an SDI plan,while they shared their knowledge and discussed their ideas that helped their understanding of SDI.By running the system dynamics model,the development of SDI over time could be simulated that gave the planning community an insight about the future effects of today’s plans and decisions.Finally,an optimum model could be developed by refinements and improvements done with the consensus of the SDI stakeholders.This model included the components and policies that are essential for a successful SDI implementation in Tanzania and can be used as a basis for SDI planning and help to gain political support.Lessons learnt from this research were promising regarding the usability of the methodology for SDI planning in comparable countries.
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2002AA411030)National Defense Foundation Scientific Research of China (Grant No. d2520061124)
文摘Network-based manufacturing is a kind of distributed system, which enables manufacturers to finish production tasks as well as to grasp the opportunities in the market, even if manufacturing resources are insufficient. One of the main problems in network-based manufacturing is the allocation of resources and the assignment of tasks rationally, according to flexible resource distribution. The mapping rules and relations between production techniques and resources are proposed, followed by the definition of the resource unit. Ultimately, the genetic programming method for the optimization of the manufacturing system is put forward. A set of software for the optimization system of simulation process using genetic programming techniques has been developed, and the problems of manufacturing resource planning in network-based manufacturing are solved with the simulation of optimizing methods by genetic programming. The optimum proposal of hardware planning, selection of company and scheduling will be obtained in theory to help company managers in scientific decision-making.
基金a grant from the Key Program of Science and Technology Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2007A301B33).
文摘Objective: We studied the application of CT image fusion in the evaluation of radiation treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Eleven patients with NSCLC, who were treated with three-dimensional con-formal radiation therapy, were studied. Each patient underwent twice sequential planning CT scan, i.e., at pre-treatment, and at mid-treatment for field reduction planning. Three treatment plans were established in each patient: treatment plan A was based on the pre-treatment planning CT scans for the first course of treatment, plan B on the mid-treatment planning CT scans for the second course of treatment, and treatment plan F on the fused images for the whole treatment. The irradiation doses received by organs at risk in the whole treatment with treatment A and B plans were estimated by the plus of the parameters in treatment plan A and B, assuming that the parameters involve the different tissues (i.e. V20=AV20+BV20), or the same tissues within an organ (i.e. Dmax=ADmax+BDmax). The assessment parameters in the treatment plan F were calculated on the basis of the DVH of the whole treatment. Then the above assessment results were compared. Results: There were marked differ-ences between the assessment results derived from the plus of assessment parameters in treatment plan A and B, and the ones derived from treatment plan F. Conclusion: When a treatment plan is altered during the course of radiation treatment, image fusion technique should be performed in the establishment of a new one. The estimation of the assessment parameters for the whole treatment with treatment plan A and B by simple plus, is inaccurate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62003062)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Project(Grant No.cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0803,cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0077)+1 种基金Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Scientific Research Project(Grant No.KJQN202100824)Chongqing Technology and Business University Postgraduate Innovative Scientific Research Project(Grant No.yjscxx2021-122-44).
文摘Unmanned vehicles are currently facing many difficulties and challenges in improving safety performance when running in complex urban road traffic environments,such as low intelligence and poor comfort perfor-mance in the driving process.The real-time performance of vehicles and the comfort requirements of passengers in path planning and tracking control of unmanned vehicles have attracted more and more attentions.In this paper,in order to improve the real-time performance of the autonomous vehicle planning module and the comfort requirements of passengers that a local granular-based path planning method and tracking control based on multi-segment Bezier curve splicing and model predictive control theory are pro-posed.Especially,the maximum trajectory curvature satisfying ride comfort is regarded as an important constraint condition,and the corresponding curvature threshold is utilized to calculate the control points of Bezier curve.By using low-order interpolation curve splicing,the planning computation is reduced,and the real-time performance of planning is improved,com-pared with one-segment curve fitting method.Furthermore,the comfort performance of the planned path is reflected intuitively by the curvature information of the path.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by the co-simulation platform built by MATLAB/Simulink and Carsim.The simulation results show that the path tracking effect of multi-segment Bezier curve fitting is better than that of high-order curve planning in terms of real-time performance and comfort.
文摘The four cornerstones of guidance in technique service of family planning are established by WHO based on high quality evidences. They have been updated according to the appearing new evidences, and the consensuses were reached by the international experts in this field. The four documents include Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, Decision-making Tool for Family Planning Clients and Providers and The Global Handbook for Family Planning Providers. The first two documents mainly face to the policymakers and programme managers and were treated as the important references for creating the local guideline. The other two documents were developed for the front-line health-care and family planning providers at different levels, which include plenty of essential technical information to help providers improve their ability in service delivery and counselling. China paid great attention to the introduction and application of WHO guidelines. As soon as the newer editions of these documents were available, the Chinese version would be followed. WHO guidelines have been primarily adapted with the newly issued national guideline, The Clinical Practical Skill Guidelines-Family Planning Part, which was established by China Medical Association. At the same time, the WHO guidelines have been introduced to some of the clinicians and family planning providers at different levels. In the future, more special training courses will be introduced to the township level based on the needs of grass-root providers.
基金Supported by Henan Major Scientific and Technological Project (102102310246)
文摘Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetland park. Therefore, an optimizing rank system is urgently needed. Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution （TOPSIS） models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning. The study indicated that the AHP- TOPSIS model had good discrimination in the classification and ranking of landscape planning works of urban wetland park and it was also applicable to the planning works of other urban greenbelts.
文摘As a carrier of traditional techniques and local culture, local landscape contains profound theofies of garden aesthetics and landscape ecology. Creating a local landscape is not only important to modem urban landscape design and utban planning, but also an. important part of the construction of current distinctive towns. Based on the analysis of the application of native landscape elements in urban gardens, the research points out the innovative design and application of the local landscape elements. Moreover it uses the artistic expression techniques of extracting the native landscape elements into the garden landscape as the entry point, and analyzes the designing principle and planning key points in die ptocess of creating a local landscape of the cultural square park in charactenstic towns, providing constructing and protecting strategies for creating a landscape of rural landscapes in China＇s landscape planning.
文摘The generation expansion planning is one of complex mixed-integer optimization problems, which involves a large number of continuous or discrete decision variables and constraints. In this paper, an interior point with cutting plane （IP/CP） method is proposed to solve the mixed-integer optimization problem of the electrical power generation expansion planning. The IP/CP method could improve the overall efficiency of the solution and reduce the computational time. Proposed method is combined with the Bender＇s decomposition technique in order to decompose the generation expansion problem into a master investment problem and a slave operational problem. The numerical example is presented to compare with the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
文摘In this paper, a fast approach to generate time optimal and smooth trajectory has been developed and tested. Minimum time is critical for the productivity in industrial applications. Meanwhile, smooth trajectories based on cubic splines are desirable for their ability to limit vibrations and ensure the continuity of position, velocity and acceleration during the robot movement. The main feature of the approach is a satisfactory solution that can be obtained by a local modification process among each intermal between two consecutive via-points. An analytical formulation simplifies the approach to smooth trajectory and few,iterations are enough to determine the correct values. The approach can be applied in many robot manipulators which require high performance on time and smooth. The simulation and application of the approach on a palletizer robot are performed, and the experimental results provide evidence that the approach can realize the robot manipulators more efficiency and high smooth performance.
文摘[目的]介绍股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of femoral head,ONFH)三维规划股骨颈基底部旋转截骨术的手术技术及初步临床结果。[方法]对16例(17髋)股骨头坏死患者行上述手术治疗。将术前CT数据转化为可实施操作和观察的三维模型,使用构建面工具在股骨颈基底部上建立截骨线,在确保无髋关节撞击的情况下,取股骨头负重区完整率最高时的规划旋转角度,必要时可适度进行股骨头内翻调整。患者全麻后侧卧位,以大粗隆顶点为中心行纵切口,行大转子截骨。屈曲、外展、外旋髋关节,“Z”字形切开关节囊。自内向外切断大转子后方1/3的骨质。沿股骨颈中轴线置入克氏针1枚作为旋转轴,再垂直于股骨颈中轴线方向置入2枚平行克氏针作为定位轴,于两定位轴之间垂直截断股骨颈,以两定位轴的相对角度作为参照,按照术前规划方案进行旋转。使坏死区偏离负重区,确保旋转对股骨头血运无明显影响,用三枚空心螺钉固定,复位固定大转子骨块,关闭切口。[结果]所有手术顺利完成,无严重并发症发生。11例(12髋)术中旋转角度与术前设计一致,5例(5髋)误差5°~10°。随访12~36个月,与术前相比,末次随访时,VAS评分[(5.2±0.5),(0.7±0.6),P<0.001]、Harris评分[(70.8±8.6),(87.5±5.4),P<0.001]、iHOT-12评分[(66.4±9.0),(84.9±9.8),P<0.001]均显著改善。至末次随访时,13例(14髋)影像学显示负重区股骨头形态良好。[结论]三维规划技术为股骨颈基底部旋转截骨术实施提供了准确的技术参数,初步临床结果满意。
