Plant roots interact with diverse fungi that are essential for maintaining the productivity and sustainability of pasture ecosystems,but how these root-associated fungi(RAF)differ between forage species and how they r...Plant roots interact with diverse fungi that are essential for maintaining the productivity and sustainability of pasture ecosystems,but how these root-associated fungi(RAF)differ between forage species and how they respond to nutrient enrichment and fungicide application are not well understood.Here,we constructed an 11-year experiment involving fungicide application(with or without)nested within four levels of experimental nitrogen(N)addition treatments in an alpine pasture,and the RAF communities,root traits,tissue nutrients,and shoot biomass of two dominant forage species(Carex capillifolia and Elymus nutans)were analyzed.The RAF community composition showed striking differences between the plant species and was strongly affected by both N addition level and fungicide applications.Fungicide,but not N application,dramatically reduced the RAF richness of all functional guilds in both plant species,and fungicide also simplified the co-occurrence network of the RAF for C.capillifolia.The RAF community correlated strongly with root traits,whereas their relationships became weakened or even vanished at the level of the individual plant species.The importance of RAF to plant nutrients and productivity varied between plant species,with significant contributions in C.capillifolia but not in E.nutans.This is the first report elucidating the long-term effect of fungicides on RAF in alpine pastures,and our findings emphasize the host-specific responses of RAF community structure and function to anthropogenic disturbances.展开更多
The limited capability to regenerate new neurons following injuries of the central neural system（CNS）still remains a major challenge for basic and clinical neuroscience.Neural stem cells（NSCs）could nearly have the...The limited capability to regenerate new neurons following injuries of the central neural system（CNS）still remains a major challenge for basic and clinical neuroscience.Neural stem cells（NSCs）could nearly have the potential to differentiate into all kinds of neural cells in vitro.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries are regarded as a solution for maximizing the energy density of Li-ion batteries.Ideally,the Li metal anode should be thin enough with a low negative to positive capacity ratio(N/P ratio≤2),th...Lithium metal batteries are regarded as a solution for maximizing the energy density of Li-ion batteries.Ideally,the Li metal anode should be thin enough with a low negative to positive capacity ratio(N/P ratio≤2),thus conserving the high-energy density nature of Li-metal batteries.However,reducing the lithium metal thickness limits cycling stability due to inadequate lithium reserves to counter dead lithium generation.To address this,we construct a three-dimensional(3D)polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)nanofiber network incorporating Li_(2)CO_(3)as a lithium host on a copper current collector via electrospinning.Incorporating Li_(2)CO_(3)reduces the PVDF crystallinity and promotes electrolyte wettability,enhancing Li-ion diffusion and allowing uniform Li encapsulation on the nanofiber networks.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also reveals that an optimized Li_(2)CO_(3)content in the nanofiber network reduces charge transfer resistance,further enabling homogeneous lithium deposition across the nanostructure.This architecture significantly improves the electrochemical performance,delivering a stable plating and stripping cycle life up to 330 h in a half-cell configuration.In a full-cell configuration with an NMC622 cathode at an N/P ratio of 2,the optimized PVDF-Li_(2)CO_(3)nanofiber network retains 71.6%of its initial capacity after 200 cycles,compared to the premature failure(after 60 cycles)of conventional Li-plated Cu anode.This work presents a straightforward and scalable approach to stabilizing low N/P ratio lithium metal batteries,advancing their practical application.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20186,32171579,32371592 and 32471674)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(23JRRA1029 and 23JRRA1034)。
文摘Plant roots interact with diverse fungi that are essential for maintaining the productivity and sustainability of pasture ecosystems,but how these root-associated fungi(RAF)differ between forage species and how they respond to nutrient enrichment and fungicide application are not well understood.Here,we constructed an 11-year experiment involving fungicide application(with or without)nested within four levels of experimental nitrogen(N)addition treatments in an alpine pasture,and the RAF communities,root traits,tissue nutrients,and shoot biomass of two dominant forage species(Carex capillifolia and Elymus nutans)were analyzed.The RAF community composition showed striking differences between the plant species and was strongly affected by both N addition level and fungicide applications.Fungicide,but not N application,dramatically reduced the RAF richness of all functional guilds in both plant species,and fungicide also simplified the co-occurrence network of the RAF for C.capillifolia.The RAF community correlated strongly with root traits,whereas their relationships became weakened or even vanished at the level of the individual plant species.The importance of RAF to plant nutrients and productivity varied between plant species,with significant contributions in C.capillifolia but not in E.nutans.This is the first report elucidating the long-term effect of fungicides on RAF in alpine pastures,and our findings emphasize the host-specific responses of RAF community structure and function to anthropogenic disturbances.
基金supported by National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Programs 2015CB755605)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81471312)
文摘The limited capability to regenerate new neurons following injuries of the central neural system（CNS）still remains a major challenge for basic and clinical neuroscience.Neural stem cells（NSCs）could nearly have the potential to differentiate into all kinds of neural cells in vitro.
基金funded by Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education(LPDP)on behalf of Indonesian Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology,and managed under INSPIRASI Program(No.6635/E3/KL.02.02/2023).
文摘Lithium metal batteries are regarded as a solution for maximizing the energy density of Li-ion batteries.Ideally,the Li metal anode should be thin enough with a low negative to positive capacity ratio(N/P ratio≤2),thus conserving the high-energy density nature of Li-metal batteries.However,reducing the lithium metal thickness limits cycling stability due to inadequate lithium reserves to counter dead lithium generation.To address this,we construct a three-dimensional(3D)polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)nanofiber network incorporating Li_(2)CO_(3)as a lithium host on a copper current collector via electrospinning.Incorporating Li_(2)CO_(3)reduces the PVDF crystallinity and promotes electrolyte wettability,enhancing Li-ion diffusion and allowing uniform Li encapsulation on the nanofiber networks.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also reveals that an optimized Li_(2)CO_(3)content in the nanofiber network reduces charge transfer resistance,further enabling homogeneous lithium deposition across the nanostructure.This architecture significantly improves the electrochemical performance,delivering a stable plating and stripping cycle life up to 330 h in a half-cell configuration.In a full-cell configuration with an NMC622 cathode at an N/P ratio of 2,the optimized PVDF-Li_(2)CO_(3)nanofiber network retains 71.6%of its initial capacity after 200 cycles,compared to the premature failure(after 60 cycles)of conventional Li-plated Cu anode.This work presents a straightforward and scalable approach to stabilizing low N/P ratio lithium metal batteries,advancing their practical application.
