Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks are one of the severe threats to network infrastructure,sometimes bypassing traditional diagnosis algorithms because of their evolving complexity.PresentMachine Learning(ML)t...Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks are one of the severe threats to network infrastructure,sometimes bypassing traditional diagnosis algorithms because of their evolving complexity.PresentMachine Learning(ML)techniques for DDoS attack diagnosis normally apply network traffic statistical features such as packet sizes and inter-arrival times.However,such techniques sometimes fail to capture complicated relations among various traffic flows.In this paper,we present a new multi-scale ensemble strategy given the Graph Neural Networks(GNNs)for improving DDoS detection.Our technique divides traffic into macro-and micro-level elements,letting various GNN models to get the two corase-scale anomalies and subtle,stealthy attack models.Through modeling network traffic as graph-structured data,GNNs efficiently learn intricate relations among network entities.The proposed ensemble learning algorithm combines the results of several GNNs to improve generalization,robustness,and scalability.Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets—UNSW-NB15,CICIDS2017,and CICDDoS2019—show that our approach outperforms traditional machine learning and deep learning models in detecting both high-rate and low-rate(stealthy)DDoS attacks,with significant improvements in accuracy and recall.These findings demonstrate the suggested method’s applicability and robustness for real-world implementation in contexts where several DDoS patterns coexist.展开更多
Recent DDoS attacks against several web sites operated by SONY Playstation caused wide spread outage for several days, and loss of user account information. DDoS attacks by WikiLeaks supporters against VISA, MasterCar...Recent DDoS attacks against several web sites operated by SONY Playstation caused wide spread outage for several days, and loss of user account information. DDoS attacks by WikiLeaks supporters against VISA, MasterCard, and Paypal servers made headline news globally. These DDoS attack floods are known to crash, or reduce the performance of web based applications, and reduce the number of legitimate client connections/sec. TCP SYN flood is one of the common DDoS attack, and latest operating systems have some form of protection against this attack to prevent the attack in reducing the performance of web applications, and user connections. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of the TCP-SYN attack protection provided in Microsoft’s windows server 2003. It is found that the SYN attack protection provided by the server is effective in preventing attacks only at lower loads of SYN attack traffic, however this built-in protection is found to be not effective against high intensity of SYN attack traffic. Measurement results in this paper can help network operators understand the effectiveness of built-in protection mechanism that exists in millions of Windows server 2003 against one of the most popular DDoS attacks, namely the TCP SYN attack, and help enhance security of their network by additional means.展开更多
Microsoft server Operating Systems are considered to have in-built, host based security features that should provide some protection against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we presented re...Microsoft server Operating Systems are considered to have in-built, host based security features that should provide some protection against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we presented results of experiments that were conducted to test the security capability of the latest server Operating System from Microsoft Inc., namely Windows Server 2012 R2. Experiments were designed to evaluate its in-built security features in defending against a common Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, namely the TCP-SYN based DDoS attack. Surprisingly, it was found that the Windows Server 2012 R2 OS lacked sufficient host-based protection and was found to be unable to defend against even a medium intensity3.1 Gbps-magnitude of TCP-SYN attack traffic. The server was found to crash within minutes after displaying a Blue Screen of Death (BSoD) under such security attacks.展开更多
分布式拒绝服务攻击(Distributed Denial of Service)是一种攻击者使用各种方法,试图将攻击目标的网络资源和系统资源消耗殆尽,使之无法向真正的合法用户提供服务的攻击。随着技术的进一步发展,基于网络层上的DDOS攻击得到了很大程度上...分布式拒绝服务攻击(Distributed Denial of Service)是一种攻击者使用各种方法,试图将攻击目标的网络资源和系统资源消耗殆尽,使之无法向真正的合法用户提供服务的攻击。随着技术的进一步发展,基于网络层上的DDOS攻击得到了很大程度上的削弱。然而,越来越多的攻击出现在了应用层,攻击的形式更加多样和复杂。从下层协议的角度来看,攻击中涉及的流量可能是合法的,使得检测和防范工作愈发困难。文中以实例为基础,解释基于应用层的攻击原理和方法,结合现有的技术,总结出检测和防范的机制并进行改进。展开更多
文摘Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks are one of the severe threats to network infrastructure,sometimes bypassing traditional diagnosis algorithms because of their evolving complexity.PresentMachine Learning(ML)techniques for DDoS attack diagnosis normally apply network traffic statistical features such as packet sizes and inter-arrival times.However,such techniques sometimes fail to capture complicated relations among various traffic flows.In this paper,we present a new multi-scale ensemble strategy given the Graph Neural Networks(GNNs)for improving DDoS detection.Our technique divides traffic into macro-and micro-level elements,letting various GNN models to get the two corase-scale anomalies and subtle,stealthy attack models.Through modeling network traffic as graph-structured data,GNNs efficiently learn intricate relations among network entities.The proposed ensemble learning algorithm combines the results of several GNNs to improve generalization,robustness,and scalability.Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets—UNSW-NB15,CICIDS2017,and CICDDoS2019—show that our approach outperforms traditional machine learning and deep learning models in detecting both high-rate and low-rate(stealthy)DDoS attacks,with significant improvements in accuracy and recall.These findings demonstrate the suggested method’s applicability and robustness for real-world implementation in contexts where several DDoS patterns coexist.
文摘Recent DDoS attacks against several web sites operated by SONY Playstation caused wide spread outage for several days, and loss of user account information. DDoS attacks by WikiLeaks supporters against VISA, MasterCard, and Paypal servers made headline news globally. These DDoS attack floods are known to crash, or reduce the performance of web based applications, and reduce the number of legitimate client connections/sec. TCP SYN flood is one of the common DDoS attack, and latest operating systems have some form of protection against this attack to prevent the attack in reducing the performance of web applications, and user connections. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of the TCP-SYN attack protection provided in Microsoft’s windows server 2003. It is found that the SYN attack protection provided by the server is effective in preventing attacks only at lower loads of SYN attack traffic, however this built-in protection is found to be not effective against high intensity of SYN attack traffic. Measurement results in this paper can help network operators understand the effectiveness of built-in protection mechanism that exists in millions of Windows server 2003 against one of the most popular DDoS attacks, namely the TCP SYN attack, and help enhance security of their network by additional means.
文摘Microsoft server Operating Systems are considered to have in-built, host based security features that should provide some protection against Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we presented results of experiments that were conducted to test the security capability of the latest server Operating System from Microsoft Inc., namely Windows Server 2012 R2. Experiments were designed to evaluate its in-built security features in defending against a common Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, namely the TCP-SYN based DDoS attack. Surprisingly, it was found that the Windows Server 2012 R2 OS lacked sufficient host-based protection and was found to be unable to defend against even a medium intensity3.1 Gbps-magnitude of TCP-SYN attack traffic. The server was found to crash within minutes after displaying a Blue Screen of Death (BSoD) under such security attacks.
文摘分布式拒绝服务攻击(Distributed Denial of Service)是一种攻击者使用各种方法,试图将攻击目标的网络资源和系统资源消耗殆尽,使之无法向真正的合法用户提供服务的攻击。随着技术的进一步发展,基于网络层上的DDOS攻击得到了很大程度上的削弱。然而,越来越多的攻击出现在了应用层,攻击的形式更加多样和复杂。从下层协议的角度来看,攻击中涉及的流量可能是合法的,使得检测和防范工作愈发困难。文中以实例为基础,解释基于应用层的攻击原理和方法,结合现有的技术,总结出检测和防范的机制并进行改进。
