BACKGROUND Anxiety,depression,and other negative emotions are common among patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).Analyzing the factors related to negative emotions is necessary to provide targeted nursing care.AIM ...BACKGROUND Anxiety,depression,and other negative emotions are common among patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).Analyzing the factors related to negative emotions is necessary to provide targeted nursing care.AIM To explore the correlations among life satisfaction,pleasure levels,and negative emotions in patients with CRF.METHODS One hundred patients with CRF who received therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between December 2022 and February 2025 were included.The Depression,Anxiety,and Stress Scale(DASS-21),Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS),and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale(TEPS)were used to evaluate negative emotions,life satisfaction,and pleasure level,respectively.Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyzed the correlation between life satisfaction,pleasure level,and negative emotions.Linear regression analysis identified the factors affecting negative emotions.RESULTS The average DASS-21 score among patients with CRF was 51.90±2.30,with subscale scores of 17.90±1.50 for depression,18.53±1.18 for anxiety,and 15.47±2.36 for stress,all significantly higher than the domestic norm(P<0.05).The average SWLS score was 22.17±4.90.Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the SWLS and total DASS-21 scores(P<0.05),but not with the individual depression,anxiety,or stress dimensions.The average TEPS score was 67.80±8.34.TEPS scores were negatively correlated with the DASS-21 score and the stress dimension(P<0.05),but not with depression or anxiety.Linear regression analysis showed that TEPS scores significantly influenced DASS-21 scores(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Patients with CRF experience high levels of negative emotions,which are negatively correlated with life satisfaction and pleasure.Furthermore,pleasure level had an impact on negative emotions.展开更多
The negation in English is very complicated.It cannot be separated from the other parts of the whole sentence.We have to take all the factors of the whole sentence into account to understand the negation in English.Th...The negation in English is very complicated.It cannot be separated from the other parts of the whole sentence.We have to take all the factors of the whole sentence into account to understand the negation in English.This paper probes into the classification and the construction of the negation.It aims at providing a detailed analysis of negation in English teaching.展开更多
A series of model experiments of bucket foundations concerning suction installation and negative pressure consolidation in saturated silt were carried out in a cube steel bin at Tianjin University. The experimental re...A series of model experiments of bucket foundations concerning suction installation and negative pressure consolidation in saturated silt were carried out in a cube steel bin at Tianjin University. The experimental results show that the silt inside the bucket has been strengthened by negative pressure, and the strengthening effect decreases with the increase of the distance from the bucket. A three-dimensional numerical model of the experiments was built by means of finite element software ABAQUS with fluid-solid coupling method. The results show that the bearing capacity of the silt inside the bucket foundation increases significantly at the former stage of negative pressure consolidation, while the increasing trend slows down over time. The rotation centers of the bucket foundation and the inner soil region tend to be closer to each other based on the consolidation. The bearing capacity of the bucket foundation is improved effectively with the increase of soil strength. The effects of negative pressure consolidation on the bearing capacity of bucket foundation were also illustrated by an actual offshore wind power project case.展开更多
Identifying negation cues and their scope in a text is an important subtask of information extraction that can benefit other natural language processing tasks,including but not limited to medical data mining,relation ...Identifying negation cues and their scope in a text is an important subtask of information extraction that can benefit other natural language processing tasks,including but not limited to medical data mining,relation extraction,question answering and sentiment analysis.The tasks of negation cue and negation scope detection can be treated as sequence labelling problems.In this paper,a system is presented having two components:negation cue detection and negation scope detection.In the first phase,a conditional random field(CRF) model is trained to detect the negation cues using a lexicon of negation words and some lexical and contextual features.Then,another CRF model is trained to detect the scope of each negation cue identified in the first phase,using basic lexical and contextual features.These two models are trained and tested using the dataset distributed within the* Sem Shared Task 2012 on resolving the scope and focus of negation.Experimental results show that the system outperformed all the systems submitted to this shared task.展开更多
Cover-bearing-type bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines has been paid more and more attention due to its low cost and great bearing capacity. In order to ensure the cover-bearing mode, the muddy soil inside th...Cover-bearing-type bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines has been paid more and more attention due to its low cost and great bearing capacity. In order to ensure the cover-bearing mode, the muddy soil inside the bucket foundation should be reinforced by some soil consolidation methods, such as negative pressure and electro-osmosis. Firstly, tests were conducted to obtain the reasonable current density. Meanwhile, to improve the electro-osmotic speed and effectiveness, other factors such as intermittent power and layout of electrode, were also studied in the tests. Then, the soil reinforcing tests by negative pressure combined with electro-osmosis were performed for the muddy soil consolidation inside the bucket foundation. The results showed that soil reinforcement by negative pressure was quicker and more obvious during the early phase, and electro-osmotic method can affect more range of soil by rational arrangement of electrodes. Compared with negative pressure, the electro-osmotic method was a continuous and relatively slow process of reinforcement, which was complementary to the negative pressure method. The voltage value of electro-osmosis had little effect on the muddy soil reinforcement inside the bucket foundation, and 1.5 A was chosen as the most reasonable current value for scale model testing in the electro-osmotic method.展开更多
In this paper an intensional concept theory based on an intensional containment relation is presented, which, in turn, is then generalized in order to define the complete concept of God. We are following Leibniz＇s de...In this paper an intensional concept theory based on an intensional containment relation is presented, which, in turn, is then generalized in order to define the complete concept of God. We are following Leibniz＇s definition of God as a most perfect Being, by which he meant a subject of all perfections. As a consequence of this definition of God, two different complete concepts of the Devil（s） can be defined. However, these two complete concepts of the Devil（s） are not only incoherent with Leibniz＇s philosophy, but they introduce the problem of the Devil（s） as well, which seems to originate from a problem of an adequate definition of the concept of God on one hand, and the logical problem of the intensional negation of a concept on the other hand.展开更多
In English negation presents much of a problem,one difficulty lies in the relationship be-tween form and meaning.Negative sentences are usually made by putting fhe negative particle "no"after an auxiliaryver...In English negation presents much of a problem,one difficulty lies in the relationship be-tween form and meaning.Negative sentences are usually made by putting fhe negative particle "no"after an auxiliaryverb,if there is one in the sentence (eg, is not,have not, cannot), In an informal style,contractednegatives are usual (eg, isn’ t,haven’t, can’t), For example:The experiment has not succeeded.展开更多
This article examines constituent negation in Sesotho. It investigates negation of the object argument in clauses with non-copulative verbs. In the case of non-copulative verbs, transitive and di-transitive constructi...This article examines constituent negation in Sesotho. It investigates negation of the object argument in clauses with non-copulative verbs. In the case of non-copulative verbs, transitive and di-transitive constructions will be considered. The article argues that Sesotho does not have a direct means of negating clausal constituents but employs clauses such as cleft sentences and clauses with AGRS [ho] as well as contrastive clauses to effect negation. It further examines negation in terms of Haegeman5s (1995) Neg-Criterion, the well-formedness condition that determines the distribution and interpretation of negative elements. It gives a brief overview of grammatical concepts regarding negation and the notion object argument in its focus and post verbal positions, and explains how constituent negation, [the object argument] is realized in Sesotho.展开更多
This article offers a description of negation marking in the two Ethio-Semitic languages:Amharic and Ezha.The description has been made from the perspective of synchronic comparison.The article discloses that both Amh...This article offers a description of negation marking in the two Ethio-Semitic languages:Amharic and Ezha.The description has been made from the perspective of synchronic comparison.The article discloses that both Amharic and Ezha make use of negative prefixes in order to reverse the truth condition of an affirmative expression.The negative morphemes employed by each of the two languages have two allomorphic variants whose alternation is grammatically conditioned.The two allomorphs of the negative marker in Amharic are al-which occurs with perfective and imperative verbs,and a-that surfaces with imperfective and jussive verbal conjugations.Similarly,the Ezha negative prefix appears as an-with perfective verbal bases,and as a-with imperfective,jussive and imperative verb forms.In both languages,the negative prefixes attach to verbs preceding person prefixes and following subordinators in negative subordinate clauses.When it comes to copular and existential verbs,as compared to prototypical verbs,negation in both languages can be expressed in two ways:in some cases,the aforementioned negative prefixes are employed;and in some other cases,completely different verb forms rendering negative readings are introduced,hence,lexical negation via suppletion.展开更多
Negation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in all languages.In Chinese,there are a good number of such negative expressions as“fēi(非)”,“bu(不)”,“méi(没)”,“mò(莫)”,“bié(别)”,“wèi(未)”,“w...Negation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in all languages.In Chinese,there are a good number of such negative expressions as“fēi(非)”,“bu(不)”,“méi(没)”,“mò(莫)”,“bié(别)”,“wèi(未)”,“wú(无)”,“wù(勿)”,“fiào(覅)”,“béng(甭)”,“fǒu(否)”,and“miǎn(免)”as well as phrases with one of them.This paper is intended to explore the application of negation in Chinese in two ways:(1)People express positive meanings with negative words or phrases;(2)People express negative meanings with positive words or phrases.The linguistic data employed in this paper come from real life,microblogs,variety shows,short videos,and some hǎobùexpressions from three of China’s four classic novels.展开更多
An Electromagnetic (EM) radiation in dispersion less free space vacuum is represented by a photon, with corpuscular and wave nature. The discussions, for the past century aimed at the nature of photon inside a media h...An Electromagnetic (EM) radiation in dispersion less free space vacuum is represented by a photon, with corpuscular and wave nature. The discussions, for the past century aimed at the nature of photon inside a media having dispersion in the refraction property, other than free space. What about its nature if the space be of refractive index which is negative, is discussed in this paper. We call mechanical momentum, wave-momentum, and try to match our present theories with intriguing property of this ‘photon’ or pulse carrying EM energy packet, and more so we try to find its property energy, momentum inside a media a positive refractive media, and if the media show a negative refractive index behavior, then these queries are profound, and suitable explanations to these classical concepts of corpuscular-wave nature of photon inside these media are quest for the scientists dealing with these materials having negative index of refraction. Here some of this counterintuitive nature of corpuscular-wave nature of photon inside negative indexed material is brought out, with possible ‘new definition’ of its ‘wave-momentum’, the concept of ‘reactive energy’ inside negative indexed material, along with possible ‘new wave equation’. These definitions and expressions of ‘wave-momentum’ and ‘reactive energy’ pertaining to negative indexed material are new and discussed and derived by classical means.展开更多
This paper deals with the scope of two types of English negation： the modal negation and the non-modal negation. It points out the possibility of ambiguity by reflecting the negative scope through word order in some ...This paper deals with the scope of two types of English negation： the modal negation and the non-modal negation. It points out the possibility of ambiguity by reflecting the negative scope through word order in some structures and discusses the special features of these structures.展开更多
Identifying negation scopes in a text is an important subtask of information extraction, that can benefit other natural language processing tasks, like relation extraction, question answering and sentiment analysis. A...Identifying negation scopes in a text is an important subtask of information extraction, that can benefit other natural language processing tasks, like relation extraction, question answering and sentiment analysis. And serves the task of social media text understanding. The task of negation scope detection can be regarded as a token-level sequence labeling problem. In this paper, we propose different models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and word embedding that can be successfully applied to such tasks without any task-specific feature engineering efforts. Our experimental results show that RNNs, without using any hand-crafted features, outperform feature-rich CRF-based model.展开更多
Every language has its own unique ways of negation and English is no exception. More importance should be attached to when a negative English sentence is translated into its Chinese equivalent. Negation in English can...Every language has its own unique ways of negation and English is no exception. More importance should be attached to when a negative English sentence is translated into its Chinese equivalent. Negation in English can be realized in many different ways. In the first place, the different types of negation in English will be analyzed. In addition, the affixes and lexicons used to denote negation will be investigated. The last part is mainly concerning the idioms and other expressions which denote negative meanings. In order to make the views much more clearly, some Chinese equivalents of the English sentences will be offered here.展开更多
Negation is a grammatical phenomenon and often explored and explained from the formal perspective. In this thesis,negation itself can constitute sort of force, which is closely linked to politeness in communication. I...Negation is a grammatical phenomenon and often explored and explained from the formal perspective. In this thesis,negation itself can constitute sort of force, which is closely linked to politeness in communication. It is the interaction between negation and politeness that determines the negation structure, that is, the meaning of negation is expressed in other structures such as interrogative sentences than the mere negation structure. Here it is argued that these interrogatives are functionally equivalent to the negation structures, resulting from the interaction between the grammatical force and the pragmatic principles.展开更多
This paper reports a comparative study on the use of affixal negation in the writing of Chinese EFL learners based on data collected from a learner corpus,WECCL and a native-speaker corpus,LOCNESS.The findings reveale...This paper reports a comparative study on the use of affixal negation in the writing of Chinese EFL learners based on data collected from a learner corpus,WECCL and a native-speaker corpus,LOCNESS.The findings revealed that the overall frequency of affixal negation used by Chinese students was nearly the same as that of native speakers.And the top three most frequently used negative affixes of the two groups were the same in terms of their rankings and proportion.However,when it comes to individual negative affixes,some were underused while others overused.The reasons behind were explored in the analysis of un-,dis-and in-,the top three most frequently used negative affixes by Chinese EFL learners and native speakers.Pedagogical implications and suggestions for future research were presented at the end of the paper.展开更多
BACKGROUND The imbalance of hormone levels in the body is closely related to the occurrence and progression of schizophrenia,especially thyroid hormones.AIM To study the relationship between triiodothyronine(T3),thyro...BACKGROUND The imbalance of hormone levels in the body is closely related to the occurrence and progression of schizophrenia,especially thyroid hormones.AIM To study the relationship between triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),free T3(FT3),free T4(FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)and schizophrenia.METHODS In this study,100 schizophrenia patients were selected from our hospital between April 2022 and April 2024.Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)score,patients were divided into mild(1-3 points,n=39),moderate(4 points,n=45),and severe groups(5-7 points,n=16).Additionally,55 healthy individuals served as a control group.Venous blood samples were collected to measure T3,T4,FT3,FT4,TSH,and cortisol concentrations,analyzing their relationship with PANSS scores.RESULTS The serum levels of T3,FT3,FT4,TSH and cortisol in the schizophrenia group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).With the increase of the severity of the disease,the concentrations of T3 and T4 decreased,while the con-centrations of TSH and cortisol increased(P<0.05).The concentrations of TSH and cortisol were positively correlated with the PANSS score,while T3 and T4 were negatively correlated with the PANSS score(P<0.05).The receiver ope-rating characteristic curve results showed that T3,T4,TSH,and cortisol had good efficacy in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.Logistic results showed that decreased T3 level,decreased T4 level,decreased TSH level and increased cortisol level may be independent risk factors for schizophrenia.CONCLUSION Thyroid hormone levels are associated with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms,which can provide new solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.展开更多
Minimizing the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)mismatch between the cathode and electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells is crucial for achieving stable,durable operation and high performance.Recently,materials with ne...Minimizing the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)mismatch between the cathode and electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells is crucial for achieving stable,durable operation and high performance.Recently,materials with negative thermal expansion(NTE)have at-tracted significant attention as effective additives for tailoring the thermomechanical properties of electrodes and enhancing cell durability.In this work,for the first time,single-phase NTE perovskite Sm_(0.85)Zn_(0.15)MnO_(3−δ)(SZM15)was successfully synthesized via the sol-gel method,eliminating the unwanted ZnO phase typically observed in materials obtained through the conventional solid-state reaction route.The sol-gel approach proved highly advantageous,offering low cost,robustness,excellent chemical homogeneity,precise compositional control,and high phase purity.After optimization of synthesis parameters,a negative TEC of approximately−6.5×10^(−6)K^(−1)was achieved in the 400-850℃range.SZM15 was then incorporated as an additive(10wt%-50wt%)into a SmBa0.5Sr0.5CoCuO_(5+δ)(SBSCCO)cathode to tune the thermomechanical properties with a La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(LSGM)electrolyte,achieving a minimal TEC mismatch of only 1%.Notably,the SBSCCO+10wt%SZM15 composite cathode exhibited the lowest polarization resistance of 0.019Ω·cm^(2)at 900℃,showing approximately 70%lower than that of the pristine cathode.Excellent long-term stability after 100 h of operation was achieved.In addition,a high peak power density of 680 mW·cm^(−2)was achieved in a Ni-YSZ(yttria-stabilized zirconia)|YSZ|Ce_(0.9)Gd_(0.1)O_(2−δ)(GDC10)|SBSCCO+10wt%SZM15 anode-supported fuel cell at 850℃,highlighting the effectiveness of incorporating NTE materials as a promising strategy for regulating the thermomechanical properties and improving the long-term stability of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells(IT-SOFCs).展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Anxiety,depression,and other negative emotions are common among patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).Analyzing the factors related to negative emotions is necessary to provide targeted nursing care.AIM To explore the correlations among life satisfaction,pleasure levels,and negative emotions in patients with CRF.METHODS One hundred patients with CRF who received therapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between December 2022 and February 2025 were included.The Depression,Anxiety,and Stress Scale(DASS-21),Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS),and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale(TEPS)were used to evaluate negative emotions,life satisfaction,and pleasure level,respectively.Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyzed the correlation between life satisfaction,pleasure level,and negative emotions.Linear regression analysis identified the factors affecting negative emotions.RESULTS The average DASS-21 score among patients with CRF was 51.90±2.30,with subscale scores of 17.90±1.50 for depression,18.53±1.18 for anxiety,and 15.47±2.36 for stress,all significantly higher than the domestic norm(P<0.05).The average SWLS score was 22.17±4.90.Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the SWLS and total DASS-21 scores(P<0.05),but not with the individual depression,anxiety,or stress dimensions.The average TEPS score was 67.80±8.34.TEPS scores were negatively correlated with the DASS-21 score and the stress dimension(P<0.05),but not with depression or anxiety.Linear regression analysis showed that TEPS scores significantly influenced DASS-21 scores(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Patients with CRF experience high levels of negative emotions,which are negatively correlated with life satisfaction and pleasure.Furthermore,pleasure level had an impact on negative emotions.
文摘The negation in English is very complicated.It cannot be separated from the other parts of the whole sentence.We have to take all the factors of the whole sentence into account to understand the negation in English.This paper probes into the classification and the construction of the negation.It aims at providing a detailed analysis of negation in English teaching.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51379142)International S&T Cooperation Program of China(No.2012DFA70490)Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.13JCYBJC19100 and No.13JCQNJC06900)
文摘A series of model experiments of bucket foundations concerning suction installation and negative pressure consolidation in saturated silt were carried out in a cube steel bin at Tianjin University. The experimental results show that the silt inside the bucket has been strengthened by negative pressure, and the strengthening effect decreases with the increase of the distance from the bucket. A three-dimensional numerical model of the experiments was built by means of finite element software ABAQUS with fluid-solid coupling method. The results show that the bearing capacity of the silt inside the bucket foundation increases significantly at the former stage of negative pressure consolidation, while the increasing trend slows down over time. The rotation centers of the bucket foundation and the inner soil region tend to be closer to each other based on the consolidation. The bearing capacity of the bucket foundation is improved effectively with the increase of soil strength. The effects of negative pressure consolidation on the bearing capacity of bucket foundation were also illustrated by an actual offshore wind power project case.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China(No.2015AA015407)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61273321)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20122302110039)
文摘Identifying negation cues and their scope in a text is an important subtask of information extraction that can benefit other natural language processing tasks,including but not limited to medical data mining,relation extraction,question answering and sentiment analysis.The tasks of negation cue and negation scope detection can be treated as sequence labelling problems.In this paper,a system is presented having two components:negation cue detection and negation scope detection.In the first phase,a conditional random field(CRF) model is trained to detect the negation cues using a lexicon of negation words and some lexical and contextual features.Then,another CRF model is trained to detect the scope of each negation cue identified in the first phase,using basic lexical and contextual features.These two models are trained and tested using the dataset distributed within the* Sem Shared Task 2012 on resolving the scope and focus of negation.Experimental results show that the system outperformed all the systems submitted to this shared task.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51109160)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China ("863" Program, No. 2012AA051705)International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China (No. 2012DFA70490)
文摘Cover-bearing-type bucket foundation for offshore wind turbines has been paid more and more attention due to its low cost and great bearing capacity. In order to ensure the cover-bearing mode, the muddy soil inside the bucket foundation should be reinforced by some soil consolidation methods, such as negative pressure and electro-osmosis. Firstly, tests were conducted to obtain the reasonable current density. Meanwhile, to improve the electro-osmotic speed and effectiveness, other factors such as intermittent power and layout of electrode, were also studied in the tests. Then, the soil reinforcing tests by negative pressure combined with electro-osmosis were performed for the muddy soil consolidation inside the bucket foundation. The results showed that soil reinforcement by negative pressure was quicker and more obvious during the early phase, and electro-osmotic method can affect more range of soil by rational arrangement of electrodes. Compared with negative pressure, the electro-osmotic method was a continuous and relatively slow process of reinforcement, which was complementary to the negative pressure method. The voltage value of electro-osmosis had little effect on the muddy soil reinforcement inside the bucket foundation, and 1.5 A was chosen as the most reasonable current value for scale model testing in the electro-osmotic method.
文摘In this paper an intensional concept theory based on an intensional containment relation is presented, which, in turn, is then generalized in order to define the complete concept of God. We are following Leibniz＇s definition of God as a most perfect Being, by which he meant a subject of all perfections. As a consequence of this definition of God, two different complete concepts of the Devil（s） can be defined. However, these two complete concepts of the Devil（s） are not only incoherent with Leibniz＇s philosophy, but they introduce the problem of the Devil（s） as well, which seems to originate from a problem of an adequate definition of the concept of God on one hand, and the logical problem of the intensional negation of a concept on the other hand.
文摘In English negation presents much of a problem,one difficulty lies in the relationship be-tween form and meaning.Negative sentences are usually made by putting fhe negative particle "no"after an auxiliaryverb,if there is one in the sentence (eg, is not,have not, cannot), In an informal style,contractednegatives are usual (eg, isn’ t,haven’t, can’t), For example:The experiment has not succeeded.
文摘This article examines constituent negation in Sesotho. It investigates negation of the object argument in clauses with non-copulative verbs. In the case of non-copulative verbs, transitive and di-transitive constructions will be considered. The article argues that Sesotho does not have a direct means of negating clausal constituents but employs clauses such as cleft sentences and clauses with AGRS [ho] as well as contrastive clauses to effect negation. It further examines negation in terms of Haegeman5s (1995) Neg-Criterion, the well-formedness condition that determines the distribution and interpretation of negative elements. It gives a brief overview of grammatical concepts regarding negation and the notion object argument in its focus and post verbal positions, and explains how constituent negation, [the object argument] is realized in Sesotho.
文摘This article offers a description of negation marking in the two Ethio-Semitic languages:Amharic and Ezha.The description has been made from the perspective of synchronic comparison.The article discloses that both Amharic and Ezha make use of negative prefixes in order to reverse the truth condition of an affirmative expression.The negative morphemes employed by each of the two languages have two allomorphic variants whose alternation is grammatically conditioned.The two allomorphs of the negative marker in Amharic are al-which occurs with perfective and imperative verbs,and a-that surfaces with imperfective and jussive verbal conjugations.Similarly,the Ezha negative prefix appears as an-with perfective verbal bases,and as a-with imperfective,jussive and imperative verb forms.In both languages,the negative prefixes attach to verbs preceding person prefixes and following subordinators in negative subordinate clauses.When it comes to copular and existential verbs,as compared to prototypical verbs,negation in both languages can be expressed in two ways:in some cases,the aforementioned negative prefixes are employed;and in some other cases,completely different verb forms rendering negative readings are introduced,hence,lexical negation via suppletion.
文摘Negation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in all languages.In Chinese,there are a good number of such negative expressions as“fēi(非)”,“bu(不)”,“méi(没)”,“mò(莫)”,“bié(别)”,“wèi(未)”,“wú(无)”,“wù(勿)”,“fiào(覅)”,“béng(甭)”,“fǒu(否)”,and“miǎn(免)”as well as phrases with one of them.This paper is intended to explore the application of negation in Chinese in two ways:(1)People express positive meanings with negative words or phrases;(2)People express negative meanings with positive words or phrases.The linguistic data employed in this paper come from real life,microblogs,variety shows,short videos,and some hǎobùexpressions from three of China’s four classic novels.
文摘An Electromagnetic (EM) radiation in dispersion less free space vacuum is represented by a photon, with corpuscular and wave nature. The discussions, for the past century aimed at the nature of photon inside a media having dispersion in the refraction property, other than free space. What about its nature if the space be of refractive index which is negative, is discussed in this paper. We call mechanical momentum, wave-momentum, and try to match our present theories with intriguing property of this ‘photon’ or pulse carrying EM energy packet, and more so we try to find its property energy, momentum inside a media a positive refractive media, and if the media show a negative refractive index behavior, then these queries are profound, and suitable explanations to these classical concepts of corpuscular-wave nature of photon inside these media are quest for the scientists dealing with these materials having negative index of refraction. Here some of this counterintuitive nature of corpuscular-wave nature of photon inside negative indexed material is brought out, with possible ‘new definition’ of its ‘wave-momentum’, the concept of ‘reactive energy’ inside negative indexed material, along with possible ‘new wave equation’. These definitions and expressions of ‘wave-momentum’ and ‘reactive energy’ pertaining to negative indexed material are new and discussed and derived by classical means.
文摘This paper deals with the scope of two types of English negation： the modal negation and the non-modal negation. It points out the possibility of ambiguity by reflecting the negative scope through word order in some structures and discusses the special features of these structures.
文摘Identifying negation scopes in a text is an important subtask of information extraction, that can benefit other natural language processing tasks, like relation extraction, question answering and sentiment analysis. And serves the task of social media text understanding. The task of negation scope detection can be regarded as a token-level sequence labeling problem. In this paper, we propose different models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and word embedding that can be successfully applied to such tasks without any task-specific feature engineering efforts. Our experimental results show that RNNs, without using any hand-crafted features, outperform feature-rich CRF-based model.
文摘Every language has its own unique ways of negation and English is no exception. More importance should be attached to when a negative English sentence is translated into its Chinese equivalent. Negation in English can be realized in many different ways. In the first place, the different types of negation in English will be analyzed. In addition, the affixes and lexicons used to denote negation will be investigated. The last part is mainly concerning the idioms and other expressions which denote negative meanings. In order to make the views much more clearly, some Chinese equivalents of the English sentences will be offered here.
文摘Negation is a grammatical phenomenon and often explored and explained from the formal perspective. In this thesis,negation itself can constitute sort of force, which is closely linked to politeness in communication. It is the interaction between negation and politeness that determines the negation structure, that is, the meaning of negation is expressed in other structures such as interrogative sentences than the mere negation structure. Here it is argued that these interrogatives are functionally equivalent to the negation structures, resulting from the interaction between the grammatical force and the pragmatic principles.
文摘This paper reports a comparative study on the use of affixal negation in the writing of Chinese EFL learners based on data collected from a learner corpus,WECCL and a native-speaker corpus,LOCNESS.The findings revealed that the overall frequency of affixal negation used by Chinese students was nearly the same as that of native speakers.And the top three most frequently used negative affixes of the two groups were the same in terms of their rankings and proportion.However,when it comes to individual negative affixes,some were underused while others overused.The reasons behind were explored in the analysis of un-,dis-and in-,the top three most frequently used negative affixes by Chinese EFL learners and native speakers.Pedagogical implications and suggestions for future research were presented at the end of the paper.
文摘BACKGROUND The imbalance of hormone levels in the body is closely related to the occurrence and progression of schizophrenia,especially thyroid hormones.AIM To study the relationship between triiodothyronine(T3),thyroxine(T4),free T3(FT3),free T4(FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)and schizophrenia.METHODS In this study,100 schizophrenia patients were selected from our hospital between April 2022 and April 2024.Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)score,patients were divided into mild(1-3 points,n=39),moderate(4 points,n=45),and severe groups(5-7 points,n=16).Additionally,55 healthy individuals served as a control group.Venous blood samples were collected to measure T3,T4,FT3,FT4,TSH,and cortisol concentrations,analyzing their relationship with PANSS scores.RESULTS The serum levels of T3,FT3,FT4,TSH and cortisol in the schizophrenia group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).With the increase of the severity of the disease,the concentrations of T3 and T4 decreased,while the con-centrations of TSH and cortisol increased(P<0.05).The concentrations of TSH and cortisol were positively correlated with the PANSS score,while T3 and T4 were negatively correlated with the PANSS score(P<0.05).The receiver ope-rating characteristic curve results showed that T3,T4,TSH,and cortisol had good efficacy in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.Logistic results showed that decreased T3 level,decreased T4 level,decreased TSH level and increased cortisol level may be independent risk factors for schizophrenia.CONCLUSION Thyroid hormone levels are associated with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms,which can provide new solutions for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.
基金supported by the research project within the program“Excellence Initiative-Research University”for the AGH University of Krakow(IDUB AGH,Action 21)Kun Zheng acknowledges financial support from AGH University of Krakow(No.16.16.210.476).
文摘Minimizing the thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)mismatch between the cathode and electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells is crucial for achieving stable,durable operation and high performance.Recently,materials with negative thermal expansion(NTE)have at-tracted significant attention as effective additives for tailoring the thermomechanical properties of electrodes and enhancing cell durability.In this work,for the first time,single-phase NTE perovskite Sm_(0.85)Zn_(0.15)MnO_(3−δ)(SZM15)was successfully synthesized via the sol-gel method,eliminating the unwanted ZnO phase typically observed in materials obtained through the conventional solid-state reaction route.The sol-gel approach proved highly advantageous,offering low cost,robustness,excellent chemical homogeneity,precise compositional control,and high phase purity.After optimization of synthesis parameters,a negative TEC of approximately−6.5×10^(−6)K^(−1)was achieved in the 400-850℃range.SZM15 was then incorporated as an additive(10wt%-50wt%)into a SmBa0.5Sr0.5CoCuO_(5+δ)(SBSCCO)cathode to tune the thermomechanical properties with a La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(LSGM)electrolyte,achieving a minimal TEC mismatch of only 1%.Notably,the SBSCCO+10wt%SZM15 composite cathode exhibited the lowest polarization resistance of 0.019Ω·cm^(2)at 900℃,showing approximately 70%lower than that of the pristine cathode.Excellent long-term stability after 100 h of operation was achieved.In addition,a high peak power density of 680 mW·cm^(−2)was achieved in a Ni-YSZ(yttria-stabilized zirconia)|YSZ|Ce_(0.9)Gd_(0.1)O_(2−δ)(GDC10)|SBSCCO+10wt%SZM15 anode-supported fuel cell at 850℃,highlighting the effectiveness of incorporating NTE materials as a promising strategy for regulating the thermomechanical properties and improving the long-term stability of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells(IT-SOFCs).
