Community-pioneered Nature-based Solutions(NbS)have become the main strategies in climate adaptation,although the evidence of their effectiveness and the governing conditions is still fragmented across hazards,ecosyst...Community-pioneered Nature-based Solutions(NbS)have become the main strategies in climate adaptation,although the evidence of their effectiveness and the governing conditions is still fragmented across hazards,ecosystems,and disciplines.The current review is a synthesis of the worldwide empirical research based on the concept of community-led NbS,meaning those interventions where communities have significant decision-making power and responsibility concerning the design,stewardship,sharing of benefits,and learning.On a taxonomy that differentiates between proximal ecosystem functionality and hazard modulation and distal human vulnerability reduction,and procedural,distributional,and recognition justice,we systematize the evidence-based findings according to hazardecosystem-intervention type(coastal storms and sea-level rise,flooding,drought and water insecurity,urban heat,and emerging compound risks)and we compare the outcomes.The results are reported to have the co-benefits of biodiversity gain,livelihood diversification,and better well-being,though they can be neutralized by elite capture,exclusion,tenure insecurity,as well as,in cities,green gentrification and displacement.The analysis of governance indicates repeating bundles related to longer-lasting and fairer results:hedge rights and tenure,community-enforceable and legitimizing representation institutions,financing institutions with longer horizons of maintenance and active adaptation,protection,and grievance,ethical supervision,and data governance.Our findings conclude that to scale community-led NbS,we need to switch the targets of areas to the target of governance quality and design of evaluation that would connect a change in the ecosystem to lived risk reduction and distributional change.展开更多
With the intensification of climate change and ecological environmental degradation,the role of postgraduate landscape design disciplines in achieving sustainable development goals has become increasingly prominent.Na...With the intensification of climate change and ecological environmental degradation,the role of postgraduate landscape design disciplines in achieving sustainable development goals has become increasingly prominent.Nature-based Solutions(NbS),as an emerging concept,emphasize addressing social and environmental challenges through natural processes,offering a new direction for landscape design education.This study explored the reform of and reflections on landscape design courses for postgraduates guided by Nature-based Solutions.In response to the issues of disconnection between theory and practice and insufficient interdisciplinary integration in current graduate education in landscape design,this paper proposed a curriculum reform pathway oriented towards nature-based solutions.A new model for cultivating postgraduates in landscape design was explored by reconstructing the curriculum system,innovating teaching methods,and improving evaluation mechanisms.Moreover,drawing on the practical case of graduate teaching at Zhongyuan University of Technology,specific implementation strategies and outcomes of the curriculum reform were analyzed.This paper also reflected on the challenges encountered during the reform process and proposed corresponding optimization suggestions,aiming to provide a reference for the innovative development of graduate education in landscape design in China.展开更多
This study explores the status,challenges,and opportunities of smallholder aquaculture in the Leyte Sab-a Basin Peatland(LSBP),with a particular focus on the application of Nature-Based Solutions(NbS)for sustainable m...This study explores the status,challenges,and opportunities of smallholder aquaculture in the Leyte Sab-a Basin Peatland(LSBP),with a particular focus on the application of Nature-Based Solutions(NbS)for sustainable management.Using a mixed-methods approach that combines a comprehensive literature review with a focus group discussion(FGD)involving 22 local practitioners,the study identifies both traditional practices-such as bamboo pond structures and the use of Kangkong(Ipomoea aquatica)and Azolla as fish feed-and key constraints to productivity.These include environmental vulnerabilities(e.g.,declining water quality,climate variability),technical limitations(e.g.,disease risks,lack of fingerlings),and socio-economic barriers(e.g.,limited market access,financial insecurity,and gender inequality).While most smallholders are unfamiliar with formal NbS frameworks,their current practices already reflect ecological principles aligned with NbS.The study further highlights the socio-economic significance of aquaculture as both a livelihood resource and a contributor to food security in rural peatland communities.Linking traditional knowledge with scientifically guided NbS-such as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA),aquaponics,and biofiltration systems-can enhance ecosystem resilience and livelihood security.In addition,strengthening gender-inclusive participation and providing equitable access to training and financial support are critical to improving resilience.This study concludes that targeted capacity-building,financial support mechanisms,and multi-stakeholder partnerships are needed to facilitate inclusive,sustainable,and climate-resilient aquaculture systems in peatland environments.Beyond addressing immediate livelihood changes,these strategies also contribute to biodiversity conservation,ecosystem restoration,and climate adaptation in fragile wetland landscapes.展开更多
Nature-based solutions(NBS)involve the sustainable maintenance,management,and restoration of natural or modified ecosystems.Flooding is a major problem in Phnom Penh,Cambodia,and has significant social and economic ra...Nature-based solutions(NBS)involve the sustainable maintenance,management,and restoration of natural or modified ecosystems.Flooding is a major problem in Phnom Penh,Cambodia,and has significant social and economic ramifications.This study tries to suggest creative solutions that support human welfare and biodiversity while simultaneously resolving social problems by adopting NBS.An online survey using convenience and snowball sampling was conducted to assess the openness of Phnom Penh residents to adopting NBS for flood mitigation in their homes or buildings.The survey investigated perceptions of NBS effectiveness based on previous knowledge and flood risk perception.Results revealed a strong correlation between perceived efficacy and willingness to adopt NBS.Specifically,flood risk perception and prior knowledge significantly influenced the perceived effectiveness of NBS.Key findings indicate that high installation and maintenance costs,lack of awareness,limited space,cultural factors,and perceived ineffectiveness are primary barriers to NBS adoption.Additionally,specific regional factors contribute to reluctance in certain areas of Phnom Penh.To overcome these barriers,the study recommends that the Cambodian government and other stakeholders invest in public education campaigns to raise awareness about the benefits of NBS.Financial incentives and subsidies should be provided to reduce the economic burden on residents.Furthermore,integrating NBS into urban planning and infrastructure development is crucial to enhance community resilience against floods.展开更多
After an international contest announced by the City of Abu Dhabi “Cool Abu Dhabi Challenge”<sup>1</sup> and the article published as a digest of a paper titled A Nature-based Solution [1], the decision ...After an international contest announced by the City of Abu Dhabi “Cool Abu Dhabi Challenge”<sup>1</sup> and the article published as a digest of a paper titled A Nature-based Solution [1], the decision has been made to take part in improving thermal comfort in public spaces by mitigating the impact of the effect of Urban Heat Islands (UHI)<sup>2</sup> in the city of the Belgrade. The basic research aims at achieving the balance between the conflicting impacts when the buildings with their infrastructure and water-green surrounding area are in such correlation that it fulfils acceptable living and heating standards and reduces the use of fossil fuels for cooling the urban areas (buildings). By implementing the remote detection it is possible to analyze and quantify the impact of over-building on the temperature rise in urban areas as well as the disturbance of the heating comfort and the increased demand for additional cooling. Now it is possible to create virtual models that will incorporate this newly-added urban vegetation into urban plans, depending on the evaporation potential that will affect the microclimate of the urban area. Such natural cooling can be measured and adapted and hence aimed at a potential decrease in areas with UHI emissions [2]. Suitable greenery in the summer season can be a useful improvement which concurrently enables and complements several cooling mechanisms—evaporative cooling and evapotranspiration, i.e. natural cooling systems. The remote detection shall establish and map the “healthy” and “unhealthy” greenery zones—that is the vegetation zones with the highest evaporative potential with the “cooling by evaporation” effect and also, by implementing the urban prediction model, it shall propose green infrastructure corridors aimed at a potential decrease in the Urban Heat Island Emission.展开更多
In this study,FeCr_(x)MnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by e...In this study,FeCr_(x)MnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by electrochemical dynamic potential polarization curves and immersion experiments.The microstructure results show that the high-entropy alloy with x=0 has a body-centered cubic phase structure,whereas the high-entropy alloys with x=0.5–2.0 have a mixed face-centered cubic+body-centered cubic dual-phase structure.The corrosion results show that the corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy is increased with the increase in Cr content.Among them,the high-entropy alloy with x=2.0 exhibits the optimal corrosion resistance:the highest self-corrosion potential(E_(corr)=−0.354 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the smallest self-corrosion current density(I_(corr)=1.991×10^(−6)A·cm^(−2)),and the smallest corrosion rate(0.0292 mm/a).The composite passivation film of oxides and hydroxides is formed on the surface of the corroded high-entropy alloys,and the Cr_(2)O_(3)content is increased with the increase in Cr content,which effectively improves the stability and protective properties of the passivation film.展开更多
In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar perce...In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.展开更多
To investigate the effect of solution treatment and aging process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TB18 titanium alloy,process optimization research was conducted based on the mixed-level ...To investigate the effect of solution treatment and aging process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TB18 titanium alloy,process optimization research was conducted based on the mixed-level orthogonal experiment design of factor levels.Results show that through range analysis,the significance order of process parameters is determined as follows:solution cooling method>solution temperature>aging time>aging temperature>solution time.Considering the strength-ductility matching and engineering application requirements,the benchmark parameters are selected as solution time of 1 h,solution cooling method of air cooling(AC),aging temperature of 525℃,and aging time of 4 h.Furthermore,the effects of solution temperature in the range of 790–870℃ on the impact toughness and micro-fracture characteristics of the alloy were studied.The results reveal that the larger the area of shear lip and fibrous zone,and the smaller the area of radiation zone,the better the toughness of the alloy.With the increase in solution temperature,the length of secondary cracks on the fracture surface increases,the number of dimples increases,and the toughness is enhanced.Based on the collaborative optimization of strength and toughness,the optimal heat treatment process for TB18 alloy is determined as 870℃/1 h,AC+525℃/4 h,AC.展开更多
In this paper,we consider a Schr¨odinger-Poisson system with sublinear nonlinearity.The growth of nonlinearity depends on potential function and a bounded function.We first obtain the existence of nontrivial solu...In this paper,we consider a Schr¨odinger-Poisson system with sublinear nonlinearity.The growth of nonlinearity depends on potential function and a bounded function.We first obtain the existence of nontrivial solution sequence with negative energy for the system via a variant Clark’s theorem.Then we get the asymptotical property of the solution sequence by L∞norm.展开更多
Nature-based water treatment systems are becoming a promising substitute to conventional wastewater treatment technologies because of their potential to advance water quality while providing larger environmental and s...Nature-based water treatment systems are becoming a promising substitute to conventional wastewater treatment technologies because of their potential to advance water quality while providing larger environmental and socio-economic benefits.This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of global performance metrics,progress,and sustainability aids linked with these systems.The study tracks a structured narrative review approach,drawing on peer-reviewed literature from the main scientific databases published primarily over the past decade.Articles were chosen based on their relevance to system typology,treatment performance,implementation context,and sustainability assessment.The review evaluates a wide range of systems,including constructed wetlands,biofiltration and bioretention systems,riparian buffers,floodplain restoration interventions,floating treatment wetlands,and hybrid nature-engineered solutions.In different climatic and socio-economic conditions,these systems establish substantial pollutant removal capability,generally obtaining organic matter and suspended solids removal efficiencies above 70–90%,nutrient reductions normally ranging from 40–80%,and variable pathogen attenuation depending on hydraulic and environmental conditions.Performance,however,is strongly influenced by design configuration,hydraulic loading,substrate properties,vegetation composition,and climatic variability.Beyond treatment effectiveness,the synthesis highlights the multifunctional sustainability outcomes of nature-based systems,including reduced energy and chemical inputs,enhanced biodiversity,climate resilience,and improved social and landscape values.By combining global execution trends with relative sustainability perspectives,this review provides new insights into the scalability,long-term performance,and ecosystem-service integration of nature-based water treatment systems within future resilient water management strategies.展开更多
This study investigates the dimensionless quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(QG-PV)equation with external sources.Employing the Gardner-Morikawa transformation and weakly nonlinear perturbation expansion,we derive ...This study investigates the dimensionless quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(QG-PV)equation with external sources.Employing the Gardner-Morikawa transformation and weakly nonlinear perturbation expansion,we derive the nonlinear Boussinesq equation with external sources.We demonstrate the existence of explicit zero-order and first-order Wronskian solutions for the model equation whenα_4=0.Furthermore,using a modified Jacobi elliptic function method,we obtain soliton-like solutions for bothα_4=0 andα_4≠0.Analysis of these solutions reveals that the generalizedβ-plane approximation and shear flow are significant factors in inducing nonlinear Rossby waves,and that external sources play a crucial role in influencing Rossby wave behavior.展开更多
Let A be a 3×3 singular or diagonalizable matrix,all solutions to the Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation have been determined.However,finding all solutions for full rank,non-diagonalizable matrices remains challeng...Let A be a 3×3 singular or diagonalizable matrix,all solutions to the Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation have been determined.However,finding all solutions for full rank,non-diagonalizable matrices remains challenging.By utilizing classification techniques,we establish all solutions of the Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation in this paper when the coefficient matrix A is similar to non-diagonalizable matrix diag(λ,J_(2)(λ))withλ̸=0.More specifically,we divide the non-diagonal elements of the solution into 10 different cases.By discussing each situation,we establish all solutions of the Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation.The results of this work enrich the existing ones.展开更多
ZnO thin-film transistors(TFTs)with channel layers fabricated by spin-coating are demonstrated.A nano ZnO colloidal aqueous solution with zinc nitrate dissolved in it was first deposited on the ATO/ITO/glass substrate...ZnO thin-film transistors(TFTs)with channel layers fabricated by spin-coating are demonstrated.A nano ZnO colloidal aqueous solution with zinc nitrate dissolved in it was first deposited on the ATO/ITO/glass substrate by spin-coating process.The thin-film transistor with well-controlled and densely packed ZnO crystalline layer was obtained by thermal annealing the system of colloidal solution film coated ATO/ITO/glass substrate.By optimizing the fabrication conditions,the fabricated thin-film transistors exhibited superior field-effect properties,which were stable,highly transparent,n-channel and enhancement-mode with a channel mobility as large as 3.02 cm^(2)·V^(-1).s^(-1).Our method of fabricating ZnO thin-film transistors was simple,high efficiency,and feasible for the batch production with low cost.展开更多
This paper is concerned with an initial boundary value problem for the planar magnetohydrodynamic compressible flow with temperature dependent heat conductivity in a half-line.In particular,the transverse magnetic fie...This paper is concerned with an initial boundary value problem for the planar magnetohydrodynamic compressible flow with temperature dependent heat conductivity in a half-line.In particular,the transverse magnetic field is assumed to satisfy the Neumann boundary condition,which was first investigated by Kazhikhov in 1987.We establish the global existence of the unique strong solutions to the MHD equations without any smallness conditions on the initial data.More precisely,our result can be regarded as a natural generalization of Kazhikov’s result for applying the constant heat-conductivity in bounded domains to the degenerate case in unbounded domains.展开更多
In this article,we show the existence,uniqueness and stability of bounded solutions to the following quasilinear problems with mean curvature operator(φ'(x′(t)))′=f(t,x),t≥t_(0),lim_(t→∞)x(t)=ψ_(0),lim_(t→...In this article,we show the existence,uniqueness and stability of bounded solutions to the following quasilinear problems with mean curvature operator(φ'(x′(t)))′=f(t,x),t≥t_(0),lim_(t→∞)x(t)=ψ_(0),lim_(t→∞)x′(t)e^(t)=0,where t_(0) and ψ_(0) are real constants,φ(s)=s/√1−s^(2),s∈R with s∈(−1,1),f:[t_(0),∞)×R→R satisfies the Lipschitz or Osgood-type conditions.展开更多
Composite resin restorations are routinely exposed to acidic and chromogenic beverages that may alter their surface integrity over time.This in-vitro study evaluated the surface roughness behavior of two universal sin...Composite resin restorations are routinely exposed to acidic and chromogenic beverages that may alter their surface integrity over time.This in-vitro study evaluated the surface roughness behavior of two universal single-shade(Unishade)composites and two conventionalmulti-shade composites following immersion in commonly consumed staining solutions and assessed whether repolishing could restore smoothness after degradation.A total of 120 standardized disc specimens were fabricated and allocated to fourmaterial groups,with each group subdivided into distilled water,cola,and coffee immersion subgroups.Surface roughness was recorded at baseline,after one week,after one month,and following a final repolishing step using a standardized multi-step system.The findings demonstrated that Unishade composites exhibited more stable surface characteristics across all immersion periods,with changes consistently remaining below the threshold associated with biofilm accumulation.Conventional composites showed greater variability,particularly in cola,where roughness values increased significantly compared with distilled water and coffee.Repolishing substantially reduced immersion-induced roughness in all materials,although its effectiveness varied depending on composite formulation and beverage acidity.Cola produced the greatest surface alterations across all groups,highlighting the erosive potential of low-pH beverages.These results indicate that Unishade composites possess superior resistance to surface degradation,likely due to their nano-structured filler configuration and less hydrophilic resin matrices,while conventional materials appear more susceptible to acidic challenge.Within the limitations of this study,selecting surface-stable material types and applying appropriate finishing and repolishing protocols may enhance the long-term performance and esthetics of composite restorations.展开更多
The use of Al-V alloys as intermediate additives is pivotal for producing high-performance Ti alloys.Traditionally,the synthesis of these alloys relies on high-purity V_(2)O_(5),with sodium metavanadate as an essentia...The use of Al-V alloys as intermediate additives is pivotal for producing high-performance Ti alloys.Traditionally,the synthesis of these alloys relies on high-purity V_(2)O_(5),with sodium metavanadate as an essential intermediate in V_(2)O_(5)production.This study explores an alternative approach utilizing sodium metavanadate directly,offering an aluminothermic process to alleviate the environmental impact and reduce the time required for V_(2)O_(5)preparation.Al-V alloys are synthesized using sodium metavanadate derived from a shale V-rich solution,and the impurity-migration behaviors are comprehensively analyzed,specifically focusing on Fe,Al,and Na.The result sreveal that Al interacts with CaO to form a slag phase that is different from the alloy,whereas Na undergoes a sequence of reductions (NaVO_(3)→Na_(2)V_(2)O_(5)→NaVO_(2)→Na)and volatilizes at 25-1200℃,thereby avoiding incorporation into the alloy.Fe,reduced by Al,enriches the alloy phase and induces a phase transition(Al-V→Al-Fe→Fe-V)in the presence of excess Fe.Sodium metavanadate(Fe≤0.05wt%)derived from the shale V-rich solution enables the production of a uniform AlV65 alloy with 66.56wt%V,33.14wt%Al,0.08wt%Fe,0.07wt%C,0.02wt%N,and 0.12wt%O.These results establish a streamlined,efficient framework for the future preparation of Al-V alloys from shale V-rich solutions.展开更多
Circumlunar abort trajectories constitute a vital contingency return strategy during the translunar phase of crewed lunar missions.This paper proposes a methodology for constructing the solution set of the circumlunar...Circumlunar abort trajectories constitute a vital contingency return strategy during the translunar phase of crewed lunar missions.This paper proposes a methodology for constructing the solution set of the circumlunar abort trajectory and leverages its advantageous properties to address the optimization design problem of abort trajectories.Initially,a solution set of all feasible abort trajectories,originating from an abort point on the nominal trajectory and complying with fundamental reentry constraints,is formulated through the introduction of two novel design parameters.Subsequently,the geometric characteristics of the solution set,as well as the distributional properties of key iterative constraint responses,including flight time and velocity increment,are analyzed.Finally,the characteristics exhibited in the solution set are employed to directly identify the design parameters of the abort trajectories with minimum flight time and velocity increment,thereby providing solutions to two distinct types of optimization problems.The simulation results for a variety of nominal trajectories,encompassing the reconstruction and redesign of the Apollo13 abort trajectory,validate the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to directly generate optimal abort trajectories.The method proposed in this paper investigates feasible abort trajectories from a global perspective,providing both a framework and convenience for mission planning and iterative optimization in abort trajectory design.展开更多
Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analyt...Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.展开更多
文摘Community-pioneered Nature-based Solutions(NbS)have become the main strategies in climate adaptation,although the evidence of their effectiveness and the governing conditions is still fragmented across hazards,ecosystems,and disciplines.The current review is a synthesis of the worldwide empirical research based on the concept of community-led NbS,meaning those interventions where communities have significant decision-making power and responsibility concerning the design,stewardship,sharing of benefits,and learning.On a taxonomy that differentiates between proximal ecosystem functionality and hazard modulation and distal human vulnerability reduction,and procedural,distributional,and recognition justice,we systematize the evidence-based findings according to hazardecosystem-intervention type(coastal storms and sea-level rise,flooding,drought and water insecurity,urban heat,and emerging compound risks)and we compare the outcomes.The results are reported to have the co-benefits of biodiversity gain,livelihood diversification,and better well-being,though they can be neutralized by elite capture,exclusion,tenure insecurity,as well as,in cities,green gentrification and displacement.The analysis of governance indicates repeating bundles related to longer-lasting and fairer results:hedge rights and tenure,community-enforceable and legitimizing representation institutions,financing institutions with longer horizons of maintenance and active adaptation,protection,and grievance,ethical supervision,and data governance.Our findings conclude that to scale community-led NbS,we need to switch the targets of areas to the target of governance quality and design of evaluation that would connect a change in the ecosystem to lived risk reduction and distributional change.
基金Supported by Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province in 2023(YIS2023JC12).
文摘With the intensification of climate change and ecological environmental degradation,the role of postgraduate landscape design disciplines in achieving sustainable development goals has become increasingly prominent.Nature-based Solutions(NbS),as an emerging concept,emphasize addressing social and environmental challenges through natural processes,offering a new direction for landscape design education.This study explored the reform of and reflections on landscape design courses for postgraduates guided by Nature-based Solutions.In response to the issues of disconnection between theory and practice and insufficient interdisciplinary integration in current graduate education in landscape design,this paper proposed a curriculum reform pathway oriented towards nature-based solutions.A new model for cultivating postgraduates in landscape design was explored by reconstructing the curriculum system,innovating teaching methods,and improving evaluation mechanisms.Moreover,drawing on the practical case of graduate teaching at Zhongyuan University of Technology,specific implementation strategies and outcomes of the curriculum reform were analyzed.This paper also reflected on the challenges encountered during the reform process and proposed corresponding optimization suggestions,aiming to provide a reference for the innovative development of graduate education in landscape design in China.
基金supported by the AQUADAPT Project of the International Institute of Rural Reconstruction(IIRR)―the Philippines and Cambodia jointly funded by IDRC(International Research Development Centre of Canada)and the Government of Canada’s International Climate Finance Initiative.Project Title:Building and Evidence base for Inclusive,Nature-based Climate Solutions in Smallscale Aquaculture for Sustainable Aquatic Food Systems:Philippines and Cambodia(IDRC Project Number:110229).
文摘This study explores the status,challenges,and opportunities of smallholder aquaculture in the Leyte Sab-a Basin Peatland(LSBP),with a particular focus on the application of Nature-Based Solutions(NbS)for sustainable management.Using a mixed-methods approach that combines a comprehensive literature review with a focus group discussion(FGD)involving 22 local practitioners,the study identifies both traditional practices-such as bamboo pond structures and the use of Kangkong(Ipomoea aquatica)and Azolla as fish feed-and key constraints to productivity.These include environmental vulnerabilities(e.g.,declining water quality,climate variability),technical limitations(e.g.,disease risks,lack of fingerlings),and socio-economic barriers(e.g.,limited market access,financial insecurity,and gender inequality).While most smallholders are unfamiliar with formal NbS frameworks,their current practices already reflect ecological principles aligned with NbS.The study further highlights the socio-economic significance of aquaculture as both a livelihood resource and a contributor to food security in rural peatland communities.Linking traditional knowledge with scientifically guided NbS-such as Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA),aquaponics,and biofiltration systems-can enhance ecosystem resilience and livelihood security.In addition,strengthening gender-inclusive participation and providing equitable access to training and financial support are critical to improving resilience.This study concludes that targeted capacity-building,financial support mechanisms,and multi-stakeholder partnerships are needed to facilitate inclusive,sustainable,and climate-resilient aquaculture systems in peatland environments.Beyond addressing immediate livelihood changes,these strategies also contribute to biodiversity conservation,ecosystem restoration,and climate adaptation in fragile wetland landscapes.
文摘Nature-based solutions(NBS)involve the sustainable maintenance,management,and restoration of natural or modified ecosystems.Flooding is a major problem in Phnom Penh,Cambodia,and has significant social and economic ramifications.This study tries to suggest creative solutions that support human welfare and biodiversity while simultaneously resolving social problems by adopting NBS.An online survey using convenience and snowball sampling was conducted to assess the openness of Phnom Penh residents to adopting NBS for flood mitigation in their homes or buildings.The survey investigated perceptions of NBS effectiveness based on previous knowledge and flood risk perception.Results revealed a strong correlation between perceived efficacy and willingness to adopt NBS.Specifically,flood risk perception and prior knowledge significantly influenced the perceived effectiveness of NBS.Key findings indicate that high installation and maintenance costs,lack of awareness,limited space,cultural factors,and perceived ineffectiveness are primary barriers to NBS adoption.Additionally,specific regional factors contribute to reluctance in certain areas of Phnom Penh.To overcome these barriers,the study recommends that the Cambodian government and other stakeholders invest in public education campaigns to raise awareness about the benefits of NBS.Financial incentives and subsidies should be provided to reduce the economic burden on residents.Furthermore,integrating NBS into urban planning and infrastructure development is crucial to enhance community resilience against floods.
文摘After an international contest announced by the City of Abu Dhabi “Cool Abu Dhabi Challenge”<sup>1</sup> and the article published as a digest of a paper titled A Nature-based Solution [1], the decision has been made to take part in improving thermal comfort in public spaces by mitigating the impact of the effect of Urban Heat Islands (UHI)<sup>2</sup> in the city of the Belgrade. The basic research aims at achieving the balance between the conflicting impacts when the buildings with their infrastructure and water-green surrounding area are in such correlation that it fulfils acceptable living and heating standards and reduces the use of fossil fuels for cooling the urban areas (buildings). By implementing the remote detection it is possible to analyze and quantify the impact of over-building on the temperature rise in urban areas as well as the disturbance of the heating comfort and the increased demand for additional cooling. Now it is possible to create virtual models that will incorporate this newly-added urban vegetation into urban plans, depending on the evaporation potential that will affect the microclimate of the urban area. Such natural cooling can be measured and adapted and hence aimed at a potential decrease in areas with UHI emissions [2]. Suitable greenery in the summer season can be a useful improvement which concurrently enables and complements several cooling mechanisms—evaporative cooling and evapotranspiration, i.e. natural cooling systems. The remote detection shall establish and map the “healthy” and “unhealthy” greenery zones—that is the vegetation zones with the highest evaporative potential with the “cooling by evaporation” effect and also, by implementing the urban prediction model, it shall propose green infrastructure corridors aimed at a potential decrease in the Urban Heat Island Emission.
基金Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Special Program(24ZDWA008)Fourth Batch of Top Leading Talents Fund Projects in Gansu Province(ZZ2023G50100013)。
文摘In this study,FeCr_(x)MnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by electrochemical dynamic potential polarization curves and immersion experiments.The microstructure results show that the high-entropy alloy with x=0 has a body-centered cubic phase structure,whereas the high-entropy alloys with x=0.5–2.0 have a mixed face-centered cubic+body-centered cubic dual-phase structure.The corrosion results show that the corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy is increased with the increase in Cr content.Among them,the high-entropy alloy with x=2.0 exhibits the optimal corrosion resistance:the highest self-corrosion potential(E_(corr)=−0.354 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the smallest self-corrosion current density(I_(corr)=1.991×10^(−6)A·cm^(−2)),and the smallest corrosion rate(0.0292 mm/a).The composite passivation film of oxides and hydroxides is formed on the surface of the corroded high-entropy alloys,and the Cr_(2)O_(3)content is increased with the increase in Cr content,which effectively improves the stability and protective properties of the passivation film.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Research Start-up Project of Yuncheng University(YQ-2023067)Project of Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(202303021211189)+1 种基金Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Provinces(20220036)Shanxi ProvinceIntelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Application Technology Innovation Center and Shanxi Province Optoelectronic Information Science and TechnologyLaboratory,Yuncheng University.
文摘In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52431001)。
文摘To investigate the effect of solution treatment and aging process parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TB18 titanium alloy,process optimization research was conducted based on the mixed-level orthogonal experiment design of factor levels.Results show that through range analysis,the significance order of process parameters is determined as follows:solution cooling method>solution temperature>aging time>aging temperature>solution time.Considering the strength-ductility matching and engineering application requirements,the benchmark parameters are selected as solution time of 1 h,solution cooling method of air cooling(AC),aging temperature of 525℃,and aging time of 4 h.Furthermore,the effects of solution temperature in the range of 790–870℃ on the impact toughness and micro-fracture characteristics of the alloy were studied.The results reveal that the larger the area of shear lip and fibrous zone,and the smaller the area of radiation zone,the better the toughness of the alloy.With the increase in solution temperature,the length of secondary cracks on the fracture surface increases,the number of dimples increases,and the toughness is enhanced.Based on the collaborative optimization of strength and toughness,the optimal heat treatment process for TB18 alloy is determined as 870℃/1 h,AC+525℃/4 h,AC.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12226412)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20221339)。
文摘In this paper,we consider a Schr¨odinger-Poisson system with sublinear nonlinearity.The growth of nonlinearity depends on potential function and a bounded function.We first obtain the existence of nontrivial solution sequence with negative energy for the system via a variant Clark’s theorem.Then we get the asymptotical property of the solution sequence by L∞norm.
文摘Nature-based water treatment systems are becoming a promising substitute to conventional wastewater treatment technologies because of their potential to advance water quality while providing larger environmental and socio-economic benefits.This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of global performance metrics,progress,and sustainability aids linked with these systems.The study tracks a structured narrative review approach,drawing on peer-reviewed literature from the main scientific databases published primarily over the past decade.Articles were chosen based on their relevance to system typology,treatment performance,implementation context,and sustainability assessment.The review evaluates a wide range of systems,including constructed wetlands,biofiltration and bioretention systems,riparian buffers,floodplain restoration interventions,floating treatment wetlands,and hybrid nature-engineered solutions.In different climatic and socio-economic conditions,these systems establish substantial pollutant removal capability,generally obtaining organic matter and suspended solids removal efficiencies above 70–90%,nutrient reductions normally ranging from 40–80%,and variable pathogen attenuation depending on hydraulic and environmental conditions.Performance,however,is strongly influenced by design configuration,hydraulic loading,substrate properties,vegetation composition,and climatic variability.Beyond treatment effectiveness,the synthesis highlights the multifunctional sustainability outcomes of nature-based systems,including reduced energy and chemical inputs,enhanced biodiversity,climate resilience,and improved social and landscape values.By combining global execution trends with relative sustainability perspectives,this review provides new insights into the scalability,long-term performance,and ecosystem-service integration of nature-based water treatment systems within future resilient water management strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12362027)the Scientific Research Ability of Youth Teachers of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Grant No.BR230110)+3 种基金Inner Mongolia National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(Grant No.2025YQ033)Foundation for Basic Science Research Initiation at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Grant No.JC2021001)The Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2025MS01020)Supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Science and Technology Program Projects of Hohhot(2025-rule-basic-60)。
文摘This study investigates the dimensionless quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(QG-PV)equation with external sources.Employing the Gardner-Morikawa transformation and weakly nonlinear perturbation expansion,we derive the nonlinear Boussinesq equation with external sources.We demonstrate the existence of explicit zero-order and first-order Wronskian solutions for the model equation whenα_4=0.Furthermore,using a modified Jacobi elliptic function method,we obtain soliton-like solutions for bothα_4=0 andα_4≠0.Analysis of these solutions reveals that the generalizedβ-plane approximation and shear flow are significant factors in inducing nonlinear Rossby waves,and that external sources play a crucial role in influencing Rossby wave behavior.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62173161).
文摘Let A be a 3×3 singular or diagonalizable matrix,all solutions to the Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation have been determined.However,finding all solutions for full rank,non-diagonalizable matrices remains challenging.By utilizing classification techniques,we establish all solutions of the Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation in this paper when the coefficient matrix A is similar to non-diagonalizable matrix diag(λ,J_(2)(λ))withλ̸=0.More specifically,we divide the non-diagonal elements of the solution into 10 different cases.By discussing each situation,we establish all solutions of the Yang-Baxter-like matrix equation.The results of this work enrich the existing ones.
文摘ZnO thin-film transistors(TFTs)with channel layers fabricated by spin-coating are demonstrated.A nano ZnO colloidal aqueous solution with zinc nitrate dissolved in it was first deposited on the ATO/ITO/glass substrate by spin-coating process.The thin-film transistor with well-controlled and densely packed ZnO crystalline layer was obtained by thermal annealing the system of colloidal solution film coated ATO/ITO/glass substrate.By optimizing the fabrication conditions,the fabricated thin-film transistors exhibited superior field-effect properties,which were stable,highly transparent,n-channel and enhancement-mode with a channel mobility as large as 3.02 cm^(2)·V^(-1).s^(-1).Our method of fabricating ZnO thin-film transistors was simple,high efficiency,and feasible for the batch production with low cost.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12401279,12371219)the Academic and Technical Leaders Training Plan of Jiangxi Province(20212BCJ23027).
文摘This paper is concerned with an initial boundary value problem for the planar magnetohydrodynamic compressible flow with temperature dependent heat conductivity in a half-line.In particular,the transverse magnetic field is assumed to satisfy the Neumann boundary condition,which was first investigated by Kazhikhov in 1987.We establish the global existence of the unique strong solutions to the MHD equations without any smallness conditions on the initial data.More precisely,our result can be regarded as a natural generalization of Kazhikov’s result for applying the constant heat-conductivity in bounded domains to the degenerate case in unbounded domains.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12361040,12061064)the National Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Grant No.22JR5RA264)State Scholarship Fund(Grant No.20230862021).
文摘In this article,we show the existence,uniqueness and stability of bounded solutions to the following quasilinear problems with mean curvature operator(φ'(x′(t)))′=f(t,x),t≥t_(0),lim_(t→∞)x(t)=ψ_(0),lim_(t→∞)x′(t)e^(t)=0,where t_(0) and ψ_(0) are real constants,φ(s)=s/√1−s^(2),s∈R with s∈(−1,1),f:[t_(0),∞)×R→R satisfies the Lipschitz or Osgood-type conditions.
文摘Composite resin restorations are routinely exposed to acidic and chromogenic beverages that may alter their surface integrity over time.This in-vitro study evaluated the surface roughness behavior of two universal single-shade(Unishade)composites and two conventionalmulti-shade composites following immersion in commonly consumed staining solutions and assessed whether repolishing could restore smoothness after degradation.A total of 120 standardized disc specimens were fabricated and allocated to fourmaterial groups,with each group subdivided into distilled water,cola,and coffee immersion subgroups.Surface roughness was recorded at baseline,after one week,after one month,and following a final repolishing step using a standardized multi-step system.The findings demonstrated that Unishade composites exhibited more stable surface characteristics across all immersion periods,with changes consistently remaining below the threshold associated with biofilm accumulation.Conventional composites showed greater variability,particularly in cola,where roughness values increased significantly compared with distilled water and coffee.Repolishing substantially reduced immersion-induced roughness in all materials,although its effectiveness varied depending on composite formulation and beverage acidity.Cola produced the greatest surface alterations across all groups,highlighting the erosive potential of low-pH beverages.These results indicate that Unishade composites possess superior resistance to surface degradation,likely due to their nano-structured filler configuration and less hydrophilic resin matrices,while conventional materials appear more susceptible to acidic challenge.Within the limitations of this study,selecting surface-stable material types and applying appropriate finishing and repolishing protocols may enhance the long-term performance and esthetics of composite restorations.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China (No.2023YFC3903903)the Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program of Hubei Province,China (No.2022EJD002).
文摘The use of Al-V alloys as intermediate additives is pivotal for producing high-performance Ti alloys.Traditionally,the synthesis of these alloys relies on high-purity V_(2)O_(5),with sodium metavanadate as an essential intermediate in V_(2)O_(5)production.This study explores an alternative approach utilizing sodium metavanadate directly,offering an aluminothermic process to alleviate the environmental impact and reduce the time required for V_(2)O_(5)preparation.Al-V alloys are synthesized using sodium metavanadate derived from a shale V-rich solution,and the impurity-migration behaviors are comprehensively analyzed,specifically focusing on Fe,Al,and Na.The result sreveal that Al interacts with CaO to form a slag phase that is different from the alloy,whereas Na undergoes a sequence of reductions (NaVO_(3)→Na_(2)V_(2)O_(5)→NaVO_(2)→Na)and volatilizes at 25-1200℃,thereby avoiding incorporation into the alloy.Fe,reduced by Al,enriches the alloy phase and induces a phase transition(Al-V→Al-Fe→Fe-V)in the presence of excess Fe.Sodium metavanadate(Fe≤0.05wt%)derived from the shale V-rich solution enables the production of a uniform AlV65 alloy with 66.56wt%V,33.14wt%Al,0.08wt%Fe,0.07wt%C,0.02wt%N,and 0.12wt%O.These results establish a streamlined,efficient framework for the future preparation of Al-V alloys from shale V-rich solutions.
文摘Circumlunar abort trajectories constitute a vital contingency return strategy during the translunar phase of crewed lunar missions.This paper proposes a methodology for constructing the solution set of the circumlunar abort trajectory and leverages its advantageous properties to address the optimization design problem of abort trajectories.Initially,a solution set of all feasible abort trajectories,originating from an abort point on the nominal trajectory and complying with fundamental reentry constraints,is formulated through the introduction of two novel design parameters.Subsequently,the geometric characteristics of the solution set,as well as the distributional properties of key iterative constraint responses,including flight time and velocity increment,are analyzed.Finally,the characteristics exhibited in the solution set are employed to directly identify the design parameters of the abort trajectories with minimum flight time and velocity increment,thereby providing solutions to two distinct types of optimization problems.The simulation results for a variety of nominal trajectories,encompassing the reconstruction and redesign of the Apollo13 abort trajectory,validate the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to directly generate optimal abort trajectories.The method proposed in this paper investigates feasible abort trajectories from a global perspective,providing both a framework and convenience for mission planning and iterative optimization in abort trajectory design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41941018)Shanghai Gaofeng Discipline Construction Funding.
文摘Strong seismic excitation and fault dislocation are likely to occur simultaneously in high-intensity seismic zones,causing severe damage to tunnels crossing active fault zones.This paper aims to develop a novel analytical solution to determine the longitudinal mechanical responses of tunnels subjected to the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting.Adopting the elastic springbeam model,the seismic waves are modelled as shear horizontal(SH)waves and the fault dislocation follows an S-shaped pattern;the superposition principle for free-fielddisplacements caused by both effects is assumed.In addition,the transmission and reflectionof seismic waves at the fault-rock geological interface and the tangential contact conditions at the tunnel-rock interface are considered.The analytical model is validated against numerical simulations,confirmingits accuracy in calculating tunnel responses.Moreover,a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of key factors,including fault displacement,fault zone width,fault dip angle,earthquake frequency,rock conditions,tunnel lining stiffness,and tangential contact conditions,on tunnel responses.Compared with each effect alone,the combined effects of seismic waves and strike-slip faulting significantlychange the tunnel deformation and internal forces,leading to increased tunnel responses,especially within the fault zone and near the fault-rock interfaces.Depending on specificparameters,tunnel responses can be classifiedinto seismic-dominated,faulting-dominated,and seismic-faulting coupled responses on the basis of the relative contributions of each effect.The proposed analytical solution can be applied to quickly predict the longitudinal mechanical behaviour of tunnels under such combined effects in engineering applications.
