Natural, protected areas offer many possibili- ties for recreation in rural areas such as camping, one of the most popular activities. The system established for pro- tected areas in Turkey aims to provide a foundatio...Natural, protected areas offer many possibili- ties for recreation in rural areas such as camping, one of the most popular activities. The system established for pro- tected areas in Turkey aims to provide a foundation for conserving areas for recreation. One such area, Abant Natural Park, is convenient for visits from Turkey＇s two most populated metropolitan areas, Istanbul and Ankara. It also attracts tourists from other regions and countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vegetation loss and land cover changes due to picnic/camping, transhu- mance, and construction over 40 years （1966-2004） in the park using data on visitor numbers, vegetation patches, corridors and connectivity. For evaluating landscape vari- ables, remote sensing data and aerial photos were used. When aerial photos were imported into the ERDAS Imagine program, ground control points identified, and individual images orthorectified, land degradation was not found in the use of camping areas. Moreover, manmade areas （road, car park and hotel） observably increased, thus decreasing the forest lands. The findings show that the land use types that have had the greatest ecological impact are transhumance and construction of hotels, which also require infrastructure development. The intensity of the ecological effects mandates precautions to lessen the impacts and the need for continuing assessment to ensure sustainable use of the area.展开更多
The article is devoted to the study of stocks of Hippophae rhamnoides fruits on the territory of the Zarafshan National Park. Hippophae rhamnoides is a medicinal plant. This species is a naturally distributed plant. A...The article is devoted to the study of stocks of Hippophae rhamnoides fruits on the territory of the Zarafshan National Park. Hippophae rhamnoides is a medicinal plant. This species is a naturally distributed plant. All parts of Hippophae rhamnoides are a source of biologically active substances, especially flavonoids, carotenoids, phytosterols and others. In the course of field studies, 10 monitoring sites were selected in the size of 10 × 10 m, and the productivity of one site in the amount of 10 × 10 averaged 51.33 ± 8.24 kg. According to the results obtained, it was revealed that the biological reserve averages 21.9 tons, respectively, the operational reserve is 13.14 tons and the volume of annual harvesting averages 1.31 tons. When the water level of the Zarafshan River rises, some plants are damaged.展开更多
There is evidence that the development of plant communities determines the composition and structure of the orthoptera assemblages. This is the reason for using the orthoptera biodiversity as an indicator of environme...There is evidence that the development of plant communities determines the composition and structure of the orthoptera assemblages. This is the reason for using the orthoptera biodiversity as an indicator of environmental recovery processes in revegetated areas. This research is a part of the monitoring actions included in the Breña’s Compensation Project, linked to the construction of the Breña II damp. It is aimed to assess the biodiversity of the Orthopteran assemblages settled in the restored river copses after nine years following (2007-2016). The results will be interpreted as an indirect measure of the success of the environmental improvement performed. In 2016, two forest farms named “Las Mesas” and “Cerro del Trigo” located in the Sierra de Hornachuelos Natural Park (Córdoba, Southern Iberian Peninsula) were selected for monitoring. These sampling sites were also selected in a previous following phase, which makes comparisons easier and more reliable. At each of these sampling sites, two revegetated enclosures corresponding to the environmental model “restored river copses” and their respective control areas were selected for the study. From the values of the specimen’s number recorded in each sampling plot, the same population indices that in the previous phase (Richness, Abundance, Dominance, Shannon Diversity, and Evenness) were calculated. The diversity profiles using Rényi’s family of uni-parametric diversity indices were also obtained. Differences in the indices were statistically tested by resampling bootstrapping for inferential statistics. Based on our results, the environmental differences between revegetated and control areas have not led to significant changes in the composition and structure of the orthopteran communities they host. In consequence, the environmental restoration carried out in the study area has not been as successful as could be expected and the previous environmental alterations have not been minimized nor have those derived from the environmental rehabilitation itself been compensated.展开更多
We emphasize the importance of studying the primate brain in cognitive neuroscience and suggest a new mind-set in primate experimentation within the boundaries of animal welfare regulations.Specifically,we list the ad...We emphasize the importance of studying the primate brain in cognitive neuroscience and suggest a new mind-set in primate experimentation within the boundaries of animal welfare regulations.Specifically,we list the advantages of investigating both genes and neural mechanisms and processes in the emergence of behavioral and cognitive functions,and propose the establishment of an open field of primate research.The latter may be conducted by implementing and harmonizing experimental practices with ethical guidelines that regulate(1)management of natural parks with free-moving populations of target nonhuman primates,(2)establishment of indoor-outdoor labs for both system genetics and neuroscience investigations,and(3)hotel space and technologies which remotely collect and dislocate information regarding primates geographically located elsewhere.展开更多
Physical profile is significant reference to in addressing areas at risk due to fluvial processes and in establishing the physiographic maps especially in protected areas. Calbiga is one of the major rivers inside the...Physical profile is significant reference to in addressing areas at risk due to fluvial processes and in establishing the physiographic maps especially in protected areas. Calbiga is one of the major rivers inside the Samar Island Natural Park (SINP). The source of Calbiga river was traced at the foot of Mt. Huraw of San Jose de Buan, Samar. The area is at the center of the Samar Island with an elevation of 850 meter above sea level (MASL). The river stretches 36.4 kilometers, with an average span of 44.57 meters, and average depth of 2.6 meters. The average height of the river bank is 7.67 meters, with rage of 5 - 10 meters. Generally, the substrate was sand. On fluvial dynamics, the average water velocity is 0.20 mps with the average water flow of 18.64 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. The floodplain ranged from 10 - 15 meters and 5 to 7 meters high. The river control measures are making a positive impact, though it could be reviewed to address the low elevation of the midstream. Rehabilitation measures at the watershed should be considered, parallel to the policy implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) measures.展开更多
Grassland is an important part of the economy and development of farmers and herdsmen in grassland areas in China, which can maintain the ecological environment and ensure the national ecological security. Therefore, ...Grassland is an important part of the economy and development of farmers and herdsmen in grassland areas in China, which can maintain the ecological environment and ensure the national ecological security. Therefore, China needs to strengthen the protection of grassland and reasonable development and utilization of grassland resources, to create grassland natural park. But at present, there are still some problems in the creation of grassland park, which seriously damage the grassland ecological environment. In order to create grassland natural park, maintain the grassland ecological environment and protect natural resources, we need to use a reasonable and scientific way to protect grassland resources.展开更多
Traditionally,contaminants of emerging concern(CECs)monitoring have focused on assessing their occurrence in abiotic compartments and in native fish species.The use of non-native species in envi-ronmental quality stud...Traditionally,contaminants of emerging concern(CECs)monitoring have focused on assessing their occurrence in abiotic compartments and in native fish species.The use of non-native species in envi-ronmental quality studies has recently proven to be a key tool for evaluating the CECs exposure and their ecological risks.In this study,the use of different native and invasive species was proposed to assess the environmental quality of a coastal Mediterranean wetland.A biomonitoring assessment was conducted at ten locations within the Albufera Natural Park(Spain),including irrigation channels,the lake,and the artificial wetland.The bioaccumulation of 171 CECs was evaluated in the Asian clam,the American red swamp crayfish,and the pumpkinseed sunfish,which are primary invasive species in this ecosystem.Furthermore,a comparative analysis was done with the native clam to verify whether invasive species could provide equivalent information.A total of 35 CECs were detected in at least one of the species analyzed.The Asian clam exhibited the highest number of detected compounds(23),as well as the highest chemical concentrations,particularly for pharmaceuticals.The ecological risk assessment performed with internal concentrations of CECs also pointed at the Asian clam as the most suitable species for chemical biomonitoring in this area.The compounds that had the highest contribution to the calculated ecological risk were sertraline,fluoxetine,terbuthylazine,caffeine,and oseltamivir.At most exposure sites HI values revealed high risk,indicating strong pressure from mixtures of CEs for both native and invasive species.This study shows that the analysis of chemical concentrations in invasive species can be considered a complementary tool to determine the ecological status of coastal wetlands.展开更多
Aims studies of species distribution patterns traditionally have been conducted at a single scale,often overlooking species-environment relationships operating at finer or coarser scales.Testing diversity-related hypo...Aims studies of species distribution patterns traditionally have been conducted at a single scale,often overlooking species-environment relationships operating at finer or coarser scales.Testing diversity-related hypotheses at multiple scales requires a robust sampling design that is nested across scales.our chief motivation in this study was to quantify the contributions of different predictors of herbaceous species richness at a range of local scales.Methods Here,we develop a hierarchically nested sampling design that is balanced across scales,in order to study the role of several envi-ronmental factors in determining herbaceous species distribution at various scales simultaneously.We focus on the impact of woody vegetation,a relatively unexplored factor,as well as that of soil and topography.light detection and ranging(liDAR)imaging enabled precise characterization of the 3D structure of the woody vegetation,while acoustic spectrophotometry allowed a particularly high-resolution mapping of soil CaCo3 and organic matter contents.Important Findings We found that woody vegetation was the dominant explanatory variable at all three scales(10,100 and 1000 m2),accounting for more than 60%of the total explained variance.in addition,we found that the species richness-environment relationship was scale dependent.many studies that explicitly address the issue of scale do so by comparing local and regional scales.our results show that efforts to conserve plant communities should take into account scale dependence when analyzing species richness-environment relationships,even at much finer resolutions than local vs.regional.in addition,conserving heterogeneity in woody vegetation structure at multiple scales is a key to conserving diverse herbaceous communities.展开更多
Springs are unique phenomena that document water circulation conditions.Their economic importance and use often gives rise to the degradation of their natural features.But they should be understood as a form of natura...Springs are unique phenomena that document water circulation conditions.Their economic importance and use often gives rise to the degradation of their natural features.But they should be understood as a form of natural heritage and protected like other abiotic elements of nature.According to the Polish Act for Nature Conservation(2004),nature parks and nature reserves are the most effective legal means of protecting springs.Springs are the most valuable elements of the several nature reserves located in the Polish mountains,uplands,and lowlands.展开更多
文摘Natural, protected areas offer many possibili- ties for recreation in rural areas such as camping, one of the most popular activities. The system established for pro- tected areas in Turkey aims to provide a foundation for conserving areas for recreation. One such area, Abant Natural Park, is convenient for visits from Turkey＇s two most populated metropolitan areas, Istanbul and Ankara. It also attracts tourists from other regions and countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vegetation loss and land cover changes due to picnic/camping, transhu- mance, and construction over 40 years （1966-2004） in the park using data on visitor numbers, vegetation patches, corridors and connectivity. For evaluating landscape vari- ables, remote sensing data and aerial photos were used. When aerial photos were imported into the ERDAS Imagine program, ground control points identified, and individual images orthorectified, land degradation was not found in the use of camping areas. Moreover, manmade areas （road, car park and hotel） observably increased, thus decreasing the forest lands. The findings show that the land use types that have had the greatest ecological impact are transhumance and construction of hotels, which also require infrastructure development. The intensity of the ecological effects mandates precautions to lessen the impacts and the need for continuing assessment to ensure sustainable use of the area.
文摘The article is devoted to the study of stocks of Hippophae rhamnoides fruits on the territory of the Zarafshan National Park. Hippophae rhamnoides is a medicinal plant. This species is a naturally distributed plant. All parts of Hippophae rhamnoides are a source of biologically active substances, especially flavonoids, carotenoids, phytosterols and others. In the course of field studies, 10 monitoring sites were selected in the size of 10 × 10 m, and the productivity of one site in the amount of 10 × 10 averaged 51.33 ± 8.24 kg. According to the results obtained, it was revealed that the biological reserve averages 21.9 tons, respectively, the operational reserve is 13.14 tons and the volume of annual harvesting averages 1.31 tons. When the water level of the Zarafshan River rises, some plants are damaged.
文摘There is evidence that the development of plant communities determines the composition and structure of the orthoptera assemblages. This is the reason for using the orthoptera biodiversity as an indicator of environmental recovery processes in revegetated areas. This research is a part of the monitoring actions included in the Breña’s Compensation Project, linked to the construction of the Breña II damp. It is aimed to assess the biodiversity of the Orthopteran assemblages settled in the restored river copses after nine years following (2007-2016). The results will be interpreted as an indirect measure of the success of the environmental improvement performed. In 2016, two forest farms named “Las Mesas” and “Cerro del Trigo” located in the Sierra de Hornachuelos Natural Park (Córdoba, Southern Iberian Peninsula) were selected for monitoring. These sampling sites were also selected in a previous following phase, which makes comparisons easier and more reliable. At each of these sampling sites, two revegetated enclosures corresponding to the environmental model “restored river copses” and their respective control areas were selected for the study. From the values of the specimen’s number recorded in each sampling plot, the same population indices that in the previous phase (Richness, Abundance, Dominance, Shannon Diversity, and Evenness) were calculated. The diversity profiles using Rényi’s family of uni-parametric diversity indices were also obtained. Differences in the indices were statistically tested by resampling bootstrapping for inferential statistics. Based on our results, the environmental differences between revegetated and control areas have not led to significant changes in the composition and structure of the orthopteran communities they host. In consequence, the environmental restoration carried out in the study area has not been as successful as could be expected and the previous environmental alterations have not been minimized nor have those derived from the environmental rehabilitation itself been compensated.
文摘We emphasize the importance of studying the primate brain in cognitive neuroscience and suggest a new mind-set in primate experimentation within the boundaries of animal welfare regulations.Specifically,we list the advantages of investigating both genes and neural mechanisms and processes in the emergence of behavioral and cognitive functions,and propose the establishment of an open field of primate research.The latter may be conducted by implementing and harmonizing experimental practices with ethical guidelines that regulate(1)management of natural parks with free-moving populations of target nonhuman primates,(2)establishment of indoor-outdoor labs for both system genetics and neuroscience investigations,and(3)hotel space and technologies which remotely collect and dislocate information regarding primates geographically located elsewhere.
文摘Physical profile is significant reference to in addressing areas at risk due to fluvial processes and in establishing the physiographic maps especially in protected areas. Calbiga is one of the major rivers inside the Samar Island Natural Park (SINP). The source of Calbiga river was traced at the foot of Mt. Huraw of San Jose de Buan, Samar. The area is at the center of the Samar Island with an elevation of 850 meter above sea level (MASL). The river stretches 36.4 kilometers, with an average span of 44.57 meters, and average depth of 2.6 meters. The average height of the river bank is 7.67 meters, with rage of 5 - 10 meters. Generally, the substrate was sand. On fluvial dynamics, the average water velocity is 0.20 mps with the average water flow of 18.64 m<sup>3</sup>/sec. The floodplain ranged from 10 - 15 meters and 5 to 7 meters high. The river control measures are making a positive impact, though it could be reviewed to address the low elevation of the midstream. Rehabilitation measures at the watershed should be considered, parallel to the policy implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) measures.
文摘Grassland is an important part of the economy and development of farmers and herdsmen in grassland areas in China, which can maintain the ecological environment and ensure the national ecological security. Therefore, China needs to strengthen the protection of grassland and reasonable development and utilization of grassland resources, to create grassland natural park. But at present, there are still some problems in the creation of grassland park, which seriously damage the grassland ecological environment. In order to create grassland natural park, maintain the grassland ecological environment and protect natural resources, we need to use a reasonable and scientific way to protect grassland resources.
基金funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities(RTI 2018_097158_A_C32)through the CICLIC project(Smart tools and technologies to assess the envi-ronmental fate and risks of Contaminants under Climate Change).
文摘Traditionally,contaminants of emerging concern(CECs)monitoring have focused on assessing their occurrence in abiotic compartments and in native fish species.The use of non-native species in envi-ronmental quality studies has recently proven to be a key tool for evaluating the CECs exposure and their ecological risks.In this study,the use of different native and invasive species was proposed to assess the environmental quality of a coastal Mediterranean wetland.A biomonitoring assessment was conducted at ten locations within the Albufera Natural Park(Spain),including irrigation channels,the lake,and the artificial wetland.The bioaccumulation of 171 CECs was evaluated in the Asian clam,the American red swamp crayfish,and the pumpkinseed sunfish,which are primary invasive species in this ecosystem.Furthermore,a comparative analysis was done with the native clam to verify whether invasive species could provide equivalent information.A total of 35 CECs were detected in at least one of the species analyzed.The Asian clam exhibited the highest number of detected compounds(23),as well as the highest chemical concentrations,particularly for pharmaceuticals.The ecological risk assessment performed with internal concentrations of CECs also pointed at the Asian clam as the most suitable species for chemical biomonitoring in this area.The compounds that had the highest contribution to the calculated ecological risk were sertraline,fluoxetine,terbuthylazine,caffeine,and oseltamivir.At most exposure sites HI values revealed high risk,indicating strong pressure from mixtures of CEs for both native and invasive species.This study shows that the analysis of chemical concentrations in invasive species can be considered a complementary tool to determine the ecological status of coastal wetlands.
文摘Aims studies of species distribution patterns traditionally have been conducted at a single scale,often overlooking species-environment relationships operating at finer or coarser scales.Testing diversity-related hypotheses at multiple scales requires a robust sampling design that is nested across scales.our chief motivation in this study was to quantify the contributions of different predictors of herbaceous species richness at a range of local scales.Methods Here,we develop a hierarchically nested sampling design that is balanced across scales,in order to study the role of several envi-ronmental factors in determining herbaceous species distribution at various scales simultaneously.We focus on the impact of woody vegetation,a relatively unexplored factor,as well as that of soil and topography.light detection and ranging(liDAR)imaging enabled precise characterization of the 3D structure of the woody vegetation,while acoustic spectrophotometry allowed a particularly high-resolution mapping of soil CaCo3 and organic matter contents.Important Findings We found that woody vegetation was the dominant explanatory variable at all three scales(10,100 and 1000 m2),accounting for more than 60%of the total explained variance.in addition,we found that the species richness-environment relationship was scale dependent.many studies that explicitly address the issue of scale do so by comparing local and regional scales.our results show that efforts to conserve plant communities should take into account scale dependence when analyzing species richness-environment relationships,even at much finer resolutions than local vs.regional.in addition,conserving heterogeneity in woody vegetation structure at multiple scales is a key to conserving diverse herbaceous communities.
文摘Springs are unique phenomena that document water circulation conditions.Their economic importance and use often gives rise to the degradation of their natural features.But they should be understood as a form of natural heritage and protected like other abiotic elements of nature.According to the Polish Act for Nature Conservation(2004),nature parks and nature reserves are the most effective legal means of protecting springs.Springs are the most valuable elements of the several nature reserves located in the Polish mountains,uplands,and lowlands.
