Exotic tree species,though widely used in forestry and restoration projects,pose great threats to local ecosystems.They need to be replaced with native species from natural forests.We hypothesized that natural forests...Exotic tree species,though widely used in forestry and restoration projects,pose great threats to local ecosystems.They need to be replaced with native species from natural forests.We hypothesized that natural forests contain large,fast-growing,dominant native tree species that are suitable for specific topographic conditions in forestry.We tested this hypothesis using data from a 50-ha forest dynamics plot in subtropical China.We classified the plot into the ridge,slope,and valley habitats and found that 34/87 species had significant associations with at least one topographic habitat.There were 90 tree species with a maximum diameter≥30 cm,and their abundances varied widely in all habitat types.In all habitat types,for most species,rate of biomass gain due to recruitment was<1%of its original biomass,and rate of biomass gain due to tree growth was between 1 and 5%of its original biomass.For most species,biomass loss due to tree mortality was not significantly different than biomass gain due to recruitment,but the resulting net biomass increment rates did not significantly differ from zero.The time required to reach a diameter of 30 cm from 1 cm diameter for Altingia chinensis in the slope habitat,for Quercus chungii and Morella rubra in the ridge habitat and for Castanopsis carlesii in all habitats could be as short as 30 years in our simulations based on actual distributions of tree growth observed in the forest.Principal component analyses of maximum diameter,abundance and net biomass increment rates suggested several species were worthy of further tests for use in forestry.Our study provides an example for screening native tree species from natural forests for forestry.Because native tree species are better for local ecosystems,our study will also contribute to biodiversity conservation in plantations.展开更多
Forests over limestone in the tropics have received little attention and limestone forests in Vietnam have been overlooked to an even greater extent in terms of tree physiology. In Ba Be National Park, Vietnam, soil w...Forests over limestone in the tropics have received little attention and limestone forests in Vietnam have been overlooked to an even greater extent in terms of tree physiology. In Ba Be National Park, Vietnam, soil water availability in limestone forests seems to be the most limiting factor in the dry season. Therefore, in order to enhance the preliminary knowledge of choosing native tree species for enrichment planting in the restoration zone, characteristics of the 20 native tree species to soil water stress were investigated in a limestone forest. One-ha plot each consisting of twenty-five 20 m × 20 m plots was established in undisturbed forests. All trees ≥ 10 cm DBH were measured in 20 m × 20 m plots, while twenty-five 5 m × 5 m subplots were established in order to sample the regeneration of tree species with a DBH < 10 cm. The Scholander apparatus and freezing point osmometry were used in order to measure the leaf water potential (Ψw) and leaf osmotic potential (Ψπ) of the 20 native tree species, respectively in this study. 61 species belonging to 34 families of all trees with a DBH ≥ 10 cm were recorded in one ha, while 31 species representing 18 families of trees < 10 cm DBH were identified in 625 m2. The 20 species’ leaf water and osmotic potential values revealed significant differences among species. The maximum leaf water potential was not affected by any anticipated sources of variation, while the minimum water potential, however, showed significant variation to soil water stress. The results in the study area emphasized the importance of water factors in influencing tree species distribution;it could be concluded that native species with wide water potential ranges would be better able to withstand water changes and might be thus good candidates for reforestation (enrichment planting) in limestone areas.展开更多
Propagation of exotic plant species is found in many regions of Madagascar Island. This work aims to describe the impacts of the propagation of Grevillea banksii on soil microbial activities and on the regeneration of...Propagation of exotic plant species is found in many regions of Madagascar Island. This work aims to describe the impacts of the propagation of Grevillea banksii on soil microbial activities and on the regeneration of two native tree species （Intsia bij＇uga and Dalbergia trichocarpa） in the eastern part of Madagascar. The study was conducted within Ianjomara forest where some types of the vegetation are observed such as an area characterized by grassland （P 1）, by homogeneous population of G. banksii （P2） and by a natural forest composed mainly of L bijuga or D. trichocarpa （P3 and P4）. Structure of mycorrhizal fungi communities and associated microorganisms were described on soils from each study plot. The development of I. b^juga and 1）. trichocarpa, was evaluated 4 months after planting on P1, P2, P3, P4 soils formerly colonized by G. banksii. According to the nutrients availability on each soil type, the development of G. banksii was accompanied or not by a high formation of cluster roots. The authors＇ results also show that soil occupied by G. banksii decreased the global microbial and phosphatase activities of soil especially on soil within a high density of cluster roots. Moderately mycotrophic, G. banksii disturbs the structure and the dynamics of symbiotic microflora such as endomycorrhizal fungi （MA） and rhizobia associated with the two native tree species. The findings illustrate the negative impact of G. banksii propagation on the regeneration and the conservation of native tree species in Madagascarian forest.展开更多
Native tree species play a very important role in the planning and design of urban green landscape. It has strong adaptability to the local natural environment, beautiful landscape, convenient management, and has the ...Native tree species play a very important role in the planning and design of urban green landscape. It has strong adaptability to the local natural environment, beautiful landscape, convenient management, and has the cultural connotation of the city. It fully reflects the morphological characteristics of the local native plant landscaping, and is of great significance to the establishment of an ecological city. Based on the investigation of the application of native tree species in the urban green space of Huaian City, Jiangsu Province, the author analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of native tree species planting, and provided some practical planning, design and planting suggestions for good planting and management of native tree species in the urban green space scenic spots of Huaian City, which can be used as a reference for the urban landscape planning and design departments and nursery stock production departments of cities and counties in Huaian City.展开更多
Extreme droughts are anticipated to have detrimental impacts on forest ecosystems,especially in water-limited regions,due to the influence of climate change.However,considerable uncertainty remains regarding the patte...Extreme droughts are anticipated to have detrimental impacts on forest ecosystems,especially in water-limited regions,due to the influence of climate change.However,considerable uncertainty remains regarding the patterns in species-specific responses to extreme droughts.Here,we conducted a study integrating dendrochronology and remote sensing methods to investigate the mosaic-distributed maple-oak(native)natural forests and poplar plantations(introduced)in the Horqin Sandy Land,Northeast China.We assessed the impacts of extreme droughts on tree performances by measuring interannual variations in radial growth and vegetation index.The results showed that precipitation and self-calibrated palmer drought severity index(scPDSI)are the major factors influencing tree-ring width index(RWI)and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI).The severe droughts between 2000 and 2004 resulted in reduced RWI in the three studied tree species as well as led to NDVI reductions in both the maple-oak natural forests and the poplar plantations.The RWI reached the nadir during the2000-2004 severe droughts and remained at low levels two years after the severe drought,creating a legacy effect.In contrast to the lack of significant correlation between RWI and scPDSI,NDVI exhibited a significant positive correlation with scPDSI indicating the greater sensitivity of canopy performance to droughts than radial growth.Furthermore,interspecific differences in RWI and NDVI responses were observed,with the fast-growing poplar species experiencing a more significant RWI decrease and more negative NDVI anomaly during severe droughts than native species,highlighting the species-specific trade-offs between drought resilience and growth rate.This study emphasizes the importance of combining tree-level radial growth with landscape-scale canopy remote sensing to understand forest resilience and response.Our study improves our understanding of forest responses to extreme drought and highlights species differences in climate responses,offering crucial insights for optimizing species selection in sustainable afforestation and forest management in water-limited regions under the influence of climate change.展开更多
Background:Reconciling agriculture and biodiversity conservation is a challenge given the growing demand for agricultural products.In recent decades,Argentina has witnessed agricultural expansion and intensification a...Background:Reconciling agriculture and biodiversity conservation is a challenge given the growing demand for agricultural products.In recent decades,Argentina has witnessed agricultural expansion and intensification affecting biodiversity and associated ecosystem services.Within agroecosystems,the level of habitat quality is critical for birds,and may depend on vegetation structure,availability of invertebrate prey,and the use of pesticides.Although the relationship between vegetation structure and avian occurrence has been widely studied,to our knowledge,there are no studies that also incorporate prey availability throughout the cycle of soybean crops in Argentina.We estimated and predicted the effects of land cover and temporal variation on the occurrence of avian foraging guilds in Entre Ríos,Argentina,in order to guide management related to potential ecosystem services provided by birds.We also estimated temporal effects of vegetation structure and insecticides on the main arthropod orders consumed by birds to evaluate prey availability.Methods:We conducted bird and arthropod surveys for 2 years along transects located in 20 randomly selected soybean fields(N=60)and their adjacent borders(N=78)throughout the crop growing season,in four seasons.We estimated avian occupancy,accounting for imperfect detection,and arthropod counts fitting generalized linear mixed models.Results:The number of native trees in field borders positively influenced the occurrence of most bird species,mainly insectivores.Granivore foliage gleaners,also were positively affected by grass height.Salliers and aerial foragers were weakly affected by distance to forest and native trees.In general,the availability of invertebrates to birds was highest during the third season.Arthropod counts in borders were greater during the last three crop stages than during the pre-sowing period.Conclusions:We found that with 10 to 15 native tree species in borders,coupled with a complex vegetation structure with shrubs and grasses,we could conserve a wide spectrum of insectivorous birds,and may contribute to the invertebrate pest control service.Vegetated field borders function as a refuge for arthropods,especially agriculturally beneficial taxa such as Hymenopterans.Finally,several groups of birds use the interior of the fields and could help control pests.展开更多
This paper reviews various forestry practices in Jilin Province, China. The authors emphasize the rich natural diversity of Jilin and the need to focus research efforts on understanding the potential of native species...This paper reviews various forestry practices in Jilin Province, China. The authors emphasize the rich natural diversity of Jilin and the need to focus research efforts on understanding the potential of native species to meet the needs of land-management agencies involved in forest resource exploitation and ecological restoration. The native species of China hold great potential, and deserve more research attention, for meeting these needs. The introduction and testing of exotic species should be dbne only under rigorous scientific testing and after comparison with native species prior to operational introduction into forestry in order to avoid unwanted ecological consequences, including potential problems with alien invasives and pest introductions. The authors also emphasize the need to maintain viable （e.g., genetically diverse and reproductively fit） natural populations of native species in order to protect China＇s valuable natural diversity and maintain the potential of native species to function as future seed sources for local forest and ecological restoration activities.展开更多
This work aimed to demonstrate if exists a relation between eutrophic processes of soil (N, P, K, pH, and organic matter) with phytosociology mosaic of native tree species in Brazilian adjacent sanitary landfill areas...This work aimed to demonstrate if exists a relation between eutrophic processes of soil (N, P, K, pH, and organic matter) with phytosociology mosaic of native tree species in Brazilian adjacent sanitary landfill areas of the savanna. One of the study area is located in Brasilia, Federal District, and the other one in Goiania, State of Goiás, 210 km far each other. The methodology consisted in techniques, procedures and specific software applied to this kind of data. There were used plots and subplots for each area and for the vegetation and soil survey. Statistical significance showed that there exists a relationship between eutrophic processes of soil with phytosociology mosaic of native savanna tree species.展开更多
A 10 ha deciduous seasonal forest fragment (15°45'54''S and 49°04'03''W) found in the bioregion of the Savanna Eco Museum localized in the state of Goiás, Brazil was studied. For...A 10 ha deciduous seasonal forest fragment (15°45'54''S and 49°04'03''W) found in the bioregion of the Savanna Eco Museum localized in the state of Goiás, Brazil was studied. For the phytosociological survey, 10 sample plots of 20 × 20 m were systematically located. All living trees of 5 cm DBH and above were measured with the plot boundaries. There were 742 individuals belonging to 83 species and 38 families. The richest families in terms of the number of species were Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Apocynaceae and Chrisobalanaceae, which contributed 48% of the total species. The species with the highest importance value indices (IVI) were Tapira quianensis (Aubl.), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March., Callisthene mayor (Mart.), Amaioua guianensis (Aubl.) and Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan. The Shannon diversity index was 3.80 nats/individuals and the Pielou equality index was 0.86 for the total population. 549 sampled trees had DBH values lower than 30 cm. This indicates that this forest has a high potential for natural succession. Two DBH distributions were observed: the typical reverse “J”, described frequently in the literature, and a nearly Gaussian distribution.展开更多
Native trees play important roles in urban forestry, such as a deep cultural background, a strong ecological adaptability, a high performance-cost ratio and a convenient management. But now there are some difficulties...Native trees play important roles in urban forestry, such as a deep cultural background, a strong ecological adaptability, a high performance-cost ratio and a convenient management. But now there are some difficulties in native trees’ utilization and popularization dueto few study on landscape plant. In order to seek an abnormal and artificial landscaping and to produce an effective resultas soon as possible, native and foreign plants can be properly used as an available resource by improving their technological level and emphasizing natural balance. Then Chinese classic culture and green economics can be combined with beautiful forestry by implementing urban sustainable development.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31925027,31300455).
文摘Exotic tree species,though widely used in forestry and restoration projects,pose great threats to local ecosystems.They need to be replaced with native species from natural forests.We hypothesized that natural forests contain large,fast-growing,dominant native tree species that are suitable for specific topographic conditions in forestry.We tested this hypothesis using data from a 50-ha forest dynamics plot in subtropical China.We classified the plot into the ridge,slope,and valley habitats and found that 34/87 species had significant associations with at least one topographic habitat.There were 90 tree species with a maximum diameter≥30 cm,and their abundances varied widely in all habitat types.In all habitat types,for most species,rate of biomass gain due to recruitment was<1%of its original biomass,and rate of biomass gain due to tree growth was between 1 and 5%of its original biomass.For most species,biomass loss due to tree mortality was not significantly different than biomass gain due to recruitment,but the resulting net biomass increment rates did not significantly differ from zero.The time required to reach a diameter of 30 cm from 1 cm diameter for Altingia chinensis in the slope habitat,for Quercus chungii and Morella rubra in the ridge habitat and for Castanopsis carlesii in all habitats could be as short as 30 years in our simulations based on actual distributions of tree growth observed in the forest.Principal component analyses of maximum diameter,abundance and net biomass increment rates suggested several species were worthy of further tests for use in forestry.Our study provides an example for screening native tree species from natural forests for forestry.Because native tree species are better for local ecosystems,our study will also contribute to biodiversity conservation in plantations.
基金support by the Open Access Publication Funds of the Gottingen University
文摘Forests over limestone in the tropics have received little attention and limestone forests in Vietnam have been overlooked to an even greater extent in terms of tree physiology. In Ba Be National Park, Vietnam, soil water availability in limestone forests seems to be the most limiting factor in the dry season. Therefore, in order to enhance the preliminary knowledge of choosing native tree species for enrichment planting in the restoration zone, characteristics of the 20 native tree species to soil water stress were investigated in a limestone forest. One-ha plot each consisting of twenty-five 20 m × 20 m plots was established in undisturbed forests. All trees ≥ 10 cm DBH were measured in 20 m × 20 m plots, while twenty-five 5 m × 5 m subplots were established in order to sample the regeneration of tree species with a DBH < 10 cm. The Scholander apparatus and freezing point osmometry were used in order to measure the leaf water potential (Ψw) and leaf osmotic potential (Ψπ) of the 20 native tree species, respectively in this study. 61 species belonging to 34 families of all trees with a DBH ≥ 10 cm were recorded in one ha, while 31 species representing 18 families of trees < 10 cm DBH were identified in 625 m2. The 20 species’ leaf water and osmotic potential values revealed significant differences among species. The maximum leaf water potential was not affected by any anticipated sources of variation, while the minimum water potential, however, showed significant variation to soil water stress. The results in the study area emphasized the importance of water factors in influencing tree species distribution;it could be concluded that native species with wide water potential ranges would be better able to withstand water changes and might be thus good candidates for reforestation (enrichment planting) in limestone areas.
文摘Propagation of exotic plant species is found in many regions of Madagascar Island. This work aims to describe the impacts of the propagation of Grevillea banksii on soil microbial activities and on the regeneration of two native tree species （Intsia bij＇uga and Dalbergia trichocarpa） in the eastern part of Madagascar. The study was conducted within Ianjomara forest where some types of the vegetation are observed such as an area characterized by grassland （P 1）, by homogeneous population of G. banksii （P2） and by a natural forest composed mainly of L bijuga or D. trichocarpa （P3 and P4）. Structure of mycorrhizal fungi communities and associated microorganisms were described on soils from each study plot. The development of I. b^juga and 1）. trichocarpa, was evaluated 4 months after planting on P1, P2, P3, P4 soils formerly colonized by G. banksii. According to the nutrients availability on each soil type, the development of G. banksii was accompanied or not by a high formation of cluster roots. The authors＇ results also show that soil occupied by G. banksii decreased the global microbial and phosphatase activities of soil especially on soil within a high density of cluster roots. Moderately mycotrophic, G. banksii disturbs the structure and the dynamics of symbiotic microflora such as endomycorrhizal fungi （MA） and rhizobia associated with the two native tree species. The findings illustrate the negative impact of G. banksii propagation on the regeneration and the conservation of native tree species in Madagascarian forest.
文摘Native tree species play a very important role in the planning and design of urban green landscape. It has strong adaptability to the local natural environment, beautiful landscape, convenient management, and has the cultural connotation of the city. It fully reflects the morphological characteristics of the local native plant landscaping, and is of great significance to the establishment of an ecological city. Based on the investigation of the application of native tree species in the urban green space of Huaian City, Jiangsu Province, the author analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of native tree species planting, and provided some practical planning, design and planting suggestions for good planting and management of native tree species in the urban green space scenic spots of Huaian City, which can be used as a reference for the urban landscape planning and design departments and nursery stock production departments of cities and counties in Huaian City.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32220103010,32192431,31722013)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFF1304201,2020YFA0608100)+1 种基金the Major Program of Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of Sciences(No.IAEMP202201)。
文摘Extreme droughts are anticipated to have detrimental impacts on forest ecosystems,especially in water-limited regions,due to the influence of climate change.However,considerable uncertainty remains regarding the patterns in species-specific responses to extreme droughts.Here,we conducted a study integrating dendrochronology and remote sensing methods to investigate the mosaic-distributed maple-oak(native)natural forests and poplar plantations(introduced)in the Horqin Sandy Land,Northeast China.We assessed the impacts of extreme droughts on tree performances by measuring interannual variations in radial growth and vegetation index.The results showed that precipitation and self-calibrated palmer drought severity index(scPDSI)are the major factors influencing tree-ring width index(RWI)and normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI).The severe droughts between 2000 and 2004 resulted in reduced RWI in the three studied tree species as well as led to NDVI reductions in both the maple-oak natural forests and the poplar plantations.The RWI reached the nadir during the2000-2004 severe droughts and remained at low levels two years after the severe drought,creating a legacy effect.In contrast to the lack of significant correlation between RWI and scPDSI,NDVI exhibited a significant positive correlation with scPDSI indicating the greater sensitivity of canopy performance to droughts than radial growth.Furthermore,interspecific differences in RWI and NDVI responses were observed,with the fast-growing poplar species experiencing a more significant RWI decrease and more negative NDVI anomaly during severe droughts than native species,highlighting the species-specific trade-offs between drought resilience and growth rate.This study emphasizes the importance of combining tree-level radial growth with landscape-scale canopy remote sensing to understand forest resilience and response.Our study improves our understanding of forest responses to extreme drought and highlights species differences in climate responses,offering crucial insights for optimizing species selection in sustainable afforestation and forest management in water-limited regions under the influence of climate change.
基金Research was funded by National Institute of Agricultural Technology(INTA)Projects(2009‒2012)AERN 292241,AERN 292221.
文摘Background:Reconciling agriculture and biodiversity conservation is a challenge given the growing demand for agricultural products.In recent decades,Argentina has witnessed agricultural expansion and intensification affecting biodiversity and associated ecosystem services.Within agroecosystems,the level of habitat quality is critical for birds,and may depend on vegetation structure,availability of invertebrate prey,and the use of pesticides.Although the relationship between vegetation structure and avian occurrence has been widely studied,to our knowledge,there are no studies that also incorporate prey availability throughout the cycle of soybean crops in Argentina.We estimated and predicted the effects of land cover and temporal variation on the occurrence of avian foraging guilds in Entre Ríos,Argentina,in order to guide management related to potential ecosystem services provided by birds.We also estimated temporal effects of vegetation structure and insecticides on the main arthropod orders consumed by birds to evaluate prey availability.Methods:We conducted bird and arthropod surveys for 2 years along transects located in 20 randomly selected soybean fields(N=60)and their adjacent borders(N=78)throughout the crop growing season,in four seasons.We estimated avian occupancy,accounting for imperfect detection,and arthropod counts fitting generalized linear mixed models.Results:The number of native trees in field borders positively influenced the occurrence of most bird species,mainly insectivores.Granivore foliage gleaners,also were positively affected by grass height.Salliers and aerial foragers were weakly affected by distance to forest and native trees.In general,the availability of invertebrates to birds was highest during the third season.Arthropod counts in borders were greater during the last three crop stages than during the pre-sowing period.Conclusions:We found that with 10 to 15 native tree species in borders,coupled with a complex vegetation structure with shrubs and grasses,we could conserve a wide spectrum of insectivorous birds,and may contribute to the invertebrate pest control service.Vegetated field borders function as a refuge for arthropods,especially agriculturally beneficial taxa such as Hymenopterans.Finally,several groups of birds use the interior of the fields and could help control pests.
文摘This paper reviews various forestry practices in Jilin Province, China. The authors emphasize the rich natural diversity of Jilin and the need to focus research efforts on understanding the potential of native species to meet the needs of land-management agencies involved in forest resource exploitation and ecological restoration. The native species of China hold great potential, and deserve more research attention, for meeting these needs. The introduction and testing of exotic species should be dbne only under rigorous scientific testing and after comparison with native species prior to operational introduction into forestry in order to avoid unwanted ecological consequences, including potential problems with alien invasives and pest introductions. The authors also emphasize the need to maintain viable （e.g., genetically diverse and reproductively fit） natural populations of native species in order to protect China＇s valuable natural diversity and maintain the potential of native species to function as future seed sources for local forest and ecological restoration activities.
文摘This work aimed to demonstrate if exists a relation between eutrophic processes of soil (N, P, K, pH, and organic matter) with phytosociology mosaic of native tree species in Brazilian adjacent sanitary landfill areas of the savanna. One of the study area is located in Brasilia, Federal District, and the other one in Goiania, State of Goiás, 210 km far each other. The methodology consisted in techniques, procedures and specific software applied to this kind of data. There were used plots and subplots for each area and for the vegetation and soil survey. Statistical significance showed that there exists a relationship between eutrophic processes of soil with phytosociology mosaic of native savanna tree species.
文摘A 10 ha deciduous seasonal forest fragment (15°45'54''S and 49°04'03''W) found in the bioregion of the Savanna Eco Museum localized in the state of Goiás, Brazil was studied. For the phytosociological survey, 10 sample plots of 20 × 20 m were systematically located. All living trees of 5 cm DBH and above were measured with the plot boundaries. There were 742 individuals belonging to 83 species and 38 families. The richest families in terms of the number of species were Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Apocynaceae and Chrisobalanaceae, which contributed 48% of the total species. The species with the highest importance value indices (IVI) were Tapira quianensis (Aubl.), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) March., Callisthene mayor (Mart.), Amaioua guianensis (Aubl.) and Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan. The Shannon diversity index was 3.80 nats/individuals and the Pielou equality index was 0.86 for the total population. 549 sampled trees had DBH values lower than 30 cm. This indicates that this forest has a high potential for natural succession. Two DBH distributions were observed: the typical reverse “J”, described frequently in the literature, and a nearly Gaussian distribution.
文摘Native trees play important roles in urban forestry, such as a deep cultural background, a strong ecological adaptability, a high performance-cost ratio and a convenient management. But now there are some difficulties in native trees’ utilization and popularization dueto few study on landscape plant. In order to seek an abnormal and artificial landscaping and to produce an effective resultas soon as possible, native and foreign plants can be properly used as an available resource by improving their technological level and emphasizing natural balance. Then Chinese classic culture and green economics can be combined with beautiful forestry by implementing urban sustainable development.
