Objective This study aimed to examine the associations of daytime napping with incident risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and hypertension(HTN).Methods Data for napping and CVD outcomes in 25 provinces were collec...Objective This study aimed to examine the associations of daytime napping with incident risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and hypertension(HTN).Methods Data for napping and CVD outcomes in 25 provinces were collected from baseline(2010)and three waves of follow-up(2012-2017)investigations of the China Family Panel Studies.Cox frailty models with random intercepts for the surveyed provinces were used to assess the longitudinal effects of daytime napping on CVD and HTN.Results Compared with non-nappers,30+min nappers had higher risks of CVD and HTN,while no significant associations were observed among<30 min nappers.Incident risks among 30-to<60-min nappers increased by 22%[hazard ratio(HR)1.22,95% confidence interval(CI)1.08-1.39]for CVD and 21%(1.21,1.04-1.41)for HTN,respectively,with corresponding HRs of CVD and HTN of 1.27(1.09-1.47)and 1.38(1.16-1.65)among≥60 min nappers.Nap-associated CVD risks varied by subgroups,with stronger associations in participants with lower body mass index(<24 kg/m^(2)),physically inactive persons,smokers,and participants with longer nighttime sleep(≥7 h/night).Significant effects of daytime napping were observed on rural and northern residents only,highlighting great regional variations in CVD risks associated with napping habits.Conclusions This cohort study revealed strong evidence that long daytime napping(≥30 min)is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events.展开更多
Objective In developed countries,midday napping and nighttime sleep duration have been linked to long-term survival;however,little is known about such effects in less developed regions.Therefore,this study aimed to as...Objective In developed countries,midday napping and nighttime sleep duration have been linked to long-term survival;however,little is known about such effects in less developed regions.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the associations of midday napping and nocturnal sleep with mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.Methods A nationwide cohort of 15,524 adults aged≥45 years was enrolled from 28 provincial regions across China's Mainland and followed up from 2011 to 2018,using data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Midday napping and nighttime sleep duration were assessed using standardized questionnaires.Cox proportional hazards models with random intercepts for the surveyed provinces were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)of all-cause mortality,adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics,behavioral factors,and health status.Results A total of 1,745 deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 7.1 years,and the mean(standard deviation)age was 59(10.1)years at baseline.Compared with non-nappers,over 60 min nappers had a higher risk of all-cause mortality[HR:1.35,95%confidence interval(CI):1.17–1.56],while no significant associations were observed among<30 min nappers.Compared with sleep duration of 6–8 h/night,both short(<6 h)and long(≥8 h)sleep duration were significantly associated with increased mortality,with corresponding HR(95%CI)estimates of 1.21(1.05–1.38)and 1.26(1.10–1.44),respectively.We observed significant patterns for greater risks associated with longer nap duration,with a Ptrend value<0.001 for all-cause mortality.No significant evidence of an additive interaction was identified between midday napping and nighttime sleep.Conclusion Long midday napping and inappropriate nighttime sleep were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese populations.Biological studies are needed to validate our findings and clarify the mechanisms underlying this association.展开更多
30 college students who have the habit of lunch time napping (LTN) participated in experiments under two different conditions: Having lunch time napping and not having lunch time napping. They were asked to complete t...30 college students who have the habit of lunch time napping (LTN) participated in experiments under two different conditions: Having lunch time napping and not having lunch time napping. They were asked to complete three tasks in-cluding vigilance reaction, short-term memory, addition arithmetic;their performance was re-corded automatically by computer during 3 dif-ferent periods in the afternoon and early eve-ning. The analysis about the experimental data showed that: as for habitual nappers, midafter-noon nap zone existed, LTN played a very im-portant role in overcoming it, and did great help in enhancing their vigilance in the afternoon and early evening, however, LTN didn’t bring sig-nificant positive effect to executing complex tasks (such as short-term memory and addition task) at the periods of time 16:30-17:30, 20:00- 21:00. Finally, this article discussed the conclu-sions and its significance.展开更多
The objective of this design was to conduct an observational study comparing anthropometric characteristics,cognitive functions,as well as gross and fine motor skills.The study included 118 preschool-aged children(47 ...The objective of this design was to conduct an observational study comparing anthropometric characteristics,cognitive functions,as well as gross and fine motor skills.The study included 118 preschool-aged children(47 boys,71 girls)enrolled in childcare centers.They were categorized into two groups based on their nap habits.The nap group comprised 59 children(23 boys,36 girls),age(mean±standard deviation)([3.96±0.54]years)who took naps after lunch,while the no-nap group included 59 children(24 boys,35 girls)age(mean±standard deviation)([4.18±0.61]years)who remained awake during this period.The results showed that the napping group had significantly higher scores for body mass index(BMI)(p<0.0001),height-for-age z score(HAZ)(p=0.003),and higher BAZ(BMI-for-age z score)scores(p<0.0001),compared to the No-nap group.In terms of cognitive function,the study revealed that the napping group had better working memory performance compared to the No-nap group(p=0.002),but no significant impact on inhibition was observed.The results also showed that taking a nap may improve functional mobility(p=0.003)and upper body strength(p=0.026)especially in boys.Future research could investigate the long-term effects of inadequate nap time on children's health and development and also develop and evaluate interventions to improve nap time habits in preschool children.展开更多
通过碱性介质中的水热反应,由粉煤灰合成了单一沸石矿物种的N aP 1沸石,并对合成产品进行了表征。经粉晶X射线衍射鉴定,合成产物中主要矿物成分为N aP 1沸石,另有少量尚未反应的石英和莫来石。在电子显微镜下,粉煤灰颗粒呈球形且表面光...通过碱性介质中的水热反应,由粉煤灰合成了单一沸石矿物种的N aP 1沸石,并对合成产品进行了表征。经粉晶X射线衍射鉴定,合成产物中主要矿物成分为N aP 1沸石,另有少量尚未反应的石英和莫来石。在电子显微镜下,粉煤灰颗粒呈球形且表面光滑,而合成产物颗粒表面粗糙。粉煤灰合成沸石含有大量的交换性C a2+,且与粉煤灰原料相比,S iO2含量明显减少,A l2O3稍有增加,S iO2/A l2O3比值由3.3降至1.8。红外光谱分析和差热分析证实了合成的粉煤灰沸石中沸石水的存在。N aP 1型粉煤灰沸石的阳离子交换容量(CEC)达213 cm o l/kg,比表面积达29 m2/g,分别比粉煤灰高约100倍和26倍。展开更多
植物转录因子NAP(NAC-Like,Activated by AP3/PI)是近年来发现的一类与调控植物生长发育、控制叶片衰老以及响应外界环境胁迫等功能有关的转录因子,是NAC(NAM、ATAF1/2和CUC2)家族中的一个重要成员,也是一类植物特有的转录因子。转录因...植物转录因子NAP(NAC-Like,Activated by AP3/PI)是近年来发现的一类与调控植物生长发育、控制叶片衰老以及响应外界环境胁迫等功能有关的转录因子,是NAC(NAM、ATAF1/2和CUC2)家族中的一个重要成员,也是一类植物特有的转录因子。转录因子NAP在结构上具有NAC家族的保守结构,即在N端具有保守的NAC区以及在C末端具有相对多样性的TAR区,但也有不同于其它NAC亚家族的一些特点,如其TAR区也有一定的保守性等;同时,NAP亚家族的基因表达产物主要集中在细胞核中,表明转录因子NAP是一个核蛋白;再者转录因子NAP的基因主要包括3个外显子和2个内含子。自从第一个转录因子NAP于1998年由Robert等在拟南芥中对控制花发育的AP3/PI的靶基因进行研究时发现以来,目前已在水稻、小麦、大豆、棉花、竹子、葡萄、番红花等植物中相继发现,表明NAP是存在于植物界中的一个特有的转录因子。转录因子NAP具有多种生物学功能,广泛参与植物种子、根、花等的生长发育,对植物生长发育过程起着重要的调节作用;与此同时,转录因子NAP也在叶片凋亡过程中起着举足轻重的作用,对叶片在衰老过程中涉及到的大分子物质的降解以及营养物质的再分配等过程起着重要的调控作用;而且,转录因子NAP对包括干旱、盐渍、冷害等外界环境胁迫有一定的响应,是一类参与调控植物体内各种生理反应的关键因子;同时,转录因子NAP也与植物尤其是农作物的品质有密切的关系,这也为农作物育种提供了一种新的思路和方法。最新研究表明,NAP主要受脱落酸和乙烯调控,已发现一个定位在高尔基体的PP2C家族中的成员SAG113为转录因子NAP的一个直接的靶基因,而且发现SAG113在控制气孔运动方面尤其是在衰老叶片中可能是ABA调控中的一个负调控元件,通过酵母杂交试验以及电泳迁移率变动分析技术得出转录因子NAP受到ABA的调控并直接与其靶基因SAG113启动子区域的一个特定的区域进行专一性的结合,即在衰老叶片中转录因子NAP通过ABA-NAP-SAG113 PP2C调节链提高其靶基因SAG113的表达,以及通过促进气孔开放从而导致水分丧失和通过足够的氧气进入到组织中使得乙烯释放进而使呼吸作用加快等加速叶片衰老的信号这一调控机制。文章主要对NAP转录因子的结构特点、生物学功能以及调控机制等方面在植物中的研究现况进行较为详细的阐述,以期为后续研究提供一定的参考。展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education[Grant No.Q20201104]the Open Fund Project of Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control[Grant No.OHIC2020Y01]。
文摘Objective This study aimed to examine the associations of daytime napping with incident risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and hypertension(HTN).Methods Data for napping and CVD outcomes in 25 provinces were collected from baseline(2010)and three waves of follow-up(2012-2017)investigations of the China Family Panel Studies.Cox frailty models with random intercepts for the surveyed provinces were used to assess the longitudinal effects of daytime napping on CVD and HTN.Results Compared with non-nappers,30+min nappers had higher risks of CVD and HTN,while no significant associations were observed among<30 min nappers.Incident risks among 30-to<60-min nappers increased by 22%[hazard ratio(HR)1.22,95% confidence interval(CI)1.08-1.39]for CVD and 21%(1.21,1.04-1.41)for HTN,respectively,with corresponding HRs of CVD and HTN of 1.27(1.09-1.47)and 1.38(1.16-1.65)among≥60 min nappers.Nap-associated CVD risks varied by subgroups,with stronger associations in participants with lower body mass index(<24 kg/m^(2)),physically inactive persons,smokers,and participants with longer nighttime sleep(≥7 h/night).Significant effects of daytime napping were observed on rural and northern residents only,highlighting great regional variations in CVD risks associated with napping habits.Conclusions This cohort study revealed strong evidence that long daytime napping(≥30 min)is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events.
基金supported by Key Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province(Hubei University of Medicine)[Grant No.2022ZD001].
文摘Objective In developed countries,midday napping and nighttime sleep duration have been linked to long-term survival;however,little is known about such effects in less developed regions.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the associations of midday napping and nocturnal sleep with mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.Methods A nationwide cohort of 15,524 adults aged≥45 years was enrolled from 28 provincial regions across China's Mainland and followed up from 2011 to 2018,using data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Midday napping and nighttime sleep duration were assessed using standardized questionnaires.Cox proportional hazards models with random intercepts for the surveyed provinces were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)of all-cause mortality,adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics,behavioral factors,and health status.Results A total of 1,745 deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 7.1 years,and the mean(standard deviation)age was 59(10.1)years at baseline.Compared with non-nappers,over 60 min nappers had a higher risk of all-cause mortality[HR:1.35,95%confidence interval(CI):1.17–1.56],while no significant associations were observed among<30 min nappers.Compared with sleep duration of 6–8 h/night,both short(<6 h)and long(≥8 h)sleep duration were significantly associated with increased mortality,with corresponding HR(95%CI)estimates of 1.21(1.05–1.38)and 1.26(1.10–1.44),respectively.We observed significant patterns for greater risks associated with longer nap duration,with a Ptrend value<0.001 for all-cause mortality.No significant evidence of an additive interaction was identified between midday napping and nighttime sleep.Conclusion Long midday napping and inappropriate nighttime sleep were independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older Chinese populations.Biological studies are needed to validate our findings and clarify the mechanisms underlying this association.
文摘30 college students who have the habit of lunch time napping (LTN) participated in experiments under two different conditions: Having lunch time napping and not having lunch time napping. They were asked to complete three tasks in-cluding vigilance reaction, short-term memory, addition arithmetic;their performance was re-corded automatically by computer during 3 dif-ferent periods in the afternoon and early eve-ning. The analysis about the experimental data showed that: as for habitual nappers, midafter-noon nap zone existed, LTN played a very im-portant role in overcoming it, and did great help in enhancing their vigilance in the afternoon and early evening, however, LTN didn’t bring sig-nificant positive effect to executing complex tasks (such as short-term memory and addition task) at the periods of time 16:30-17:30, 20:00- 21:00. Finally, this article discussed the conclu-sions and its significance.
基金supported by a NHMRC Investigator Grant awarded to Prof Anthony Okely(APP1176858).
文摘The objective of this design was to conduct an observational study comparing anthropometric characteristics,cognitive functions,as well as gross and fine motor skills.The study included 118 preschool-aged children(47 boys,71 girls)enrolled in childcare centers.They were categorized into two groups based on their nap habits.The nap group comprised 59 children(23 boys,36 girls),age(mean±standard deviation)([3.96±0.54]years)who took naps after lunch,while the no-nap group included 59 children(24 boys,35 girls)age(mean±standard deviation)([4.18±0.61]years)who remained awake during this period.The results showed that the napping group had significantly higher scores for body mass index(BMI)(p<0.0001),height-for-age z score(HAZ)(p=0.003),and higher BAZ(BMI-for-age z score)scores(p<0.0001),compared to the No-nap group.In terms of cognitive function,the study revealed that the napping group had better working memory performance compared to the No-nap group(p=0.002),but no significant impact on inhibition was observed.The results also showed that taking a nap may improve functional mobility(p=0.003)and upper body strength(p=0.026)especially in boys.Future research could investigate the long-term effects of inadequate nap time on children's health and development and also develop and evaluate interventions to improve nap time habits in preschool children.
文摘通过碱性介质中的水热反应,由粉煤灰合成了单一沸石矿物种的N aP 1沸石,并对合成产品进行了表征。经粉晶X射线衍射鉴定,合成产物中主要矿物成分为N aP 1沸石,另有少量尚未反应的石英和莫来石。在电子显微镜下,粉煤灰颗粒呈球形且表面光滑,而合成产物颗粒表面粗糙。粉煤灰合成沸石含有大量的交换性C a2+,且与粉煤灰原料相比,S iO2含量明显减少,A l2O3稍有增加,S iO2/A l2O3比值由3.3降至1.8。红外光谱分析和差热分析证实了合成的粉煤灰沸石中沸石水的存在。N aP 1型粉煤灰沸石的阳离子交换容量(CEC)达213 cm o l/kg,比表面积达29 m2/g,分别比粉煤灰高约100倍和26倍。
文摘植物转录因子NAP(NAC-Like,Activated by AP3/PI)是近年来发现的一类与调控植物生长发育、控制叶片衰老以及响应外界环境胁迫等功能有关的转录因子,是NAC(NAM、ATAF1/2和CUC2)家族中的一个重要成员,也是一类植物特有的转录因子。转录因子NAP在结构上具有NAC家族的保守结构,即在N端具有保守的NAC区以及在C末端具有相对多样性的TAR区,但也有不同于其它NAC亚家族的一些特点,如其TAR区也有一定的保守性等;同时,NAP亚家族的基因表达产物主要集中在细胞核中,表明转录因子NAP是一个核蛋白;再者转录因子NAP的基因主要包括3个外显子和2个内含子。自从第一个转录因子NAP于1998年由Robert等在拟南芥中对控制花发育的AP3/PI的靶基因进行研究时发现以来,目前已在水稻、小麦、大豆、棉花、竹子、葡萄、番红花等植物中相继发现,表明NAP是存在于植物界中的一个特有的转录因子。转录因子NAP具有多种生物学功能,广泛参与植物种子、根、花等的生长发育,对植物生长发育过程起着重要的调节作用;与此同时,转录因子NAP也在叶片凋亡过程中起着举足轻重的作用,对叶片在衰老过程中涉及到的大分子物质的降解以及营养物质的再分配等过程起着重要的调控作用;而且,转录因子NAP对包括干旱、盐渍、冷害等外界环境胁迫有一定的响应,是一类参与调控植物体内各种生理反应的关键因子;同时,转录因子NAP也与植物尤其是农作物的品质有密切的关系,这也为农作物育种提供了一种新的思路和方法。最新研究表明,NAP主要受脱落酸和乙烯调控,已发现一个定位在高尔基体的PP2C家族中的成员SAG113为转录因子NAP的一个直接的靶基因,而且发现SAG113在控制气孔运动方面尤其是在衰老叶片中可能是ABA调控中的一个负调控元件,通过酵母杂交试验以及电泳迁移率变动分析技术得出转录因子NAP受到ABA的调控并直接与其靶基因SAG113启动子区域的一个特定的区域进行专一性的结合,即在衰老叶片中转录因子NAP通过ABA-NAP-SAG113 PP2C调节链提高其靶基因SAG113的表达,以及通过促进气孔开放从而导致水分丧失和通过足够的氧气进入到组织中使得乙烯释放进而使呼吸作用加快等加速叶片衰老的信号这一调控机制。文章主要对NAP转录因子的结构特点、生物学功能以及调控机制等方面在植物中的研究现况进行较为详细的阐述,以期为后续研究提供一定的参考。
