Although a new-class of heat pumps based on mechanically flexible nanoporous materials holds great poten-tial for the utilization of sustainable refrigerants with a considerably high coefficient of performance(COP),re...Although a new-class of heat pumps based on mechanically flexible nanoporous materials holds great poten-tial for the utilization of sustainable refrigerants with a considerably high coefficient of performance(COP),reducing their system volume remains a challenge.In this study,we explored the potential of this innovative type of heat pump in terms of COP and system volume.To broaden the scope of material exploration,we devised a new thermodynamic heat pump system applicable to soft mesoporous materials,in addition to the conventional system that is suitable only for flexible microporous materials.Several key factors have been identified through the comparison of various nanoporous materials and refrigerants.Our systematic investigation reveals that the combination of mechanically softer nanoporous materials with ammonia refrigerants can achieve a high COP and a reduced system volume.展开更多
The globally increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in atmosphere after combustion of coal-or petroleum-based fuels give rise to tremendous interest in searching for porous materials to efficiently capture carb...The globally increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in atmosphere after combustion of coal-or petroleum-based fuels give rise to tremendous interest in searching for porous materials to efficiently capture carbon dioxide(CO_2) and store methane(CH4), where the latter is a kind of clean energy source with abundant reserves and lower CO_2 emission. Hundreds of thousands of porous materials can be enrolled on the candidate list, but how to quickly identify the really promising ones, or even evolve materials(namely, rational design high-performing candidates) based on the large database of present porous materials? In this context, high-throughput computational techniques, which have emerged in the past few years as powerful tools, make the targets of fast evaluation of adsorbents and evolving materials for CO_2 capture and CH_4 storage feasible. This review provides an overview of the recent computational efforts on such related topics and discusses the further development in this field.展开更多
Organic microporous materials based on spiroketal and spirothioketal polymers were synthesized through 1,3- dioxol-forming polymerization reaction between pentaerythritol or pentaerythritol tetrathiol and different ty...Organic microporous materials based on spiroketal and spirothioketal polymers were synthesized through 1,3- dioxol-forming polymerization reaction between pentaerythritol or pentaerythritol tetrathiol and different types of cyclohexa- 1,4-dione derivatives. The structure of the prepared polymers was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and molecular mass measurements. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms of the prepared polymers show a large amount of nitrogen adsorbed at low relative pressure indicating microporosity. These polymers have Brunauer Emmitt and Teller （BET） surface areas in the range from 492 （m^2g^-1） to 685 （m^2 g^-1）. The prepared polymers were found to be useful for pervaporation separation of methanol-toluene mixture with a separation factor up to 12.5 and fluxes, varying between 6.7×10-3 kg/（m^2 h） and 13.4 × 10^-3 kg/（m^2 h）.展开更多
This is a review on up-to-date in situ/operando methods for a comprehensive characterization of nano-porous materials.The group of nanoporous materials is constantly growing,and with it,the variety of possible applica...This is a review on up-to-date in situ/operando methods for a comprehensive characterization of nano-porous materials.The group of nanoporous materials is constantly growing,and with it,the variety of possible applications.Nanoporous materials include,among others,porous carbon materials,meso-porous silica,mesoporous transition metal oxides,zeolites,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),or poly-mers.They are used as adsorbents,for gas storage,as catalysts,or for electrochemical applications to name just a few technical applications.Characterization of these materials has evolved from pure ex situ examination to increasingly complex in situ or operando methods.Monitoring nanoporous materials under reaction conditions allows for establishing structure-property relationships.This enables nanopor-ous materials to be adapted and optimized for specific processes.Recent developments on well-estab-lished but also exciting emerging methods for future applications will be discussed.The examples include in situ powder diffraction,total and small angle scattering,environmental electron microscopy,coupled with focused ion beam cutting,or X-ray tomography.This article will provide a useful reference to prac-titioners for in situ/operando characterization of nanoporous materials.展开更多
Salinity difference in ionic solutions is considered as a potential candidate for clean energy.Nowadays,nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis systems have received renewed attention for harnessing salinity gradient powe...Salinity difference in ionic solutions is considered as a potential candidate for clean energy.Nowadays,nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis systems have received renewed attention for harnessing salinity gradient power.Towards practical applications,great efforts have been made in the fabrication of membrane-scale nanoporous materials.From a theoretical point of view,however,state-of-the-art simulation methods for multi-pore nanofluidic systems consume huge amounts of computational resources that frequently preclude simulation on lab-used computers.Here,we present a concise single-pore model to simulate the osmotic energy conversion in nanoporous materials.By regulating the geometric size of the solution reservoir,we show that the single-pore model is sufficiently accurate to simulate diffusive ion transport in multi-pore nanofluidic systems.More importantly,it largely reduces the computational scale by more than one order of magnitude.A benefit of this feature is that the model can incorporate more physical processes,such as the motion of fluid and heat conduction,which greatly expands the scope of the simulation method for understanding charge and mass transport behavior through nanoporous materials.展开更多
The inorganic antimicrobial material was inhibited to the microbes with the added metal ion,Zn.The primary wet product carrying 5%-10% zinc ion was generated under the following conditions：temperature was 95 ℃,solut...The inorganic antimicrobial material was inhibited to the microbes with the added metal ion,Zn.The primary wet product carrying 5%-10% zinc ion was generated under the following conditions：temperature was 95 ℃,solution zinc concentration was 1.2-2.0 mol/L,and the ratio of Zn solution to zeolite weight was 5：1.The final stable product was manufactured after baking in an oven for 1-3 h at the temperature of 500-900 ℃.The baked material was tested for its disinfection effectiveness and coloring effect when mixed with paint coating.Based on the final batch of tests,the zinc content of this anti-microbial product was further optimized.展开更多
Assessing the adsorption properties of nanoporous materials and determining their structural characterization is critical for progressing the use of such materials for many applications, including gas storage. Gas ads...Assessing the adsorption properties of nanoporous materials and determining their structural characterization is critical for progressing the use of such materials for many applications, including gas storage. Gas adsorption can he used for this characterization because it assesses a broad range of pore sizes, from micropore to mesopore. In the past 20 years, key developments have been achieved both in the knowledge of the adsorption and phase behavior of fluids in ordered nanoporous materials and in the creation and advancement of state-of-the-art approaches based on statistical mechanics, such as molecular sim- ulation and density functional theory. Together with high-resolution experimental procedures for the adsorption of suhcritical and supercritical fluids, this has led to significant advances in physical adsorp- tion textural characterization. In this short, selective review paper, we discuss a few important and central features of the underlying adsorption mechanisms of fluids in a variety of nanoporous materials with well-defined pore structure. The significance of these features for advancing physical adsorption charac- terization and gas storage applications is also discussed.展开更多
Hydrogen generation material is a new kind of energy material that can supply hydrogen by reacting with water and is drawing more and more attention with the development of hydrogen economy. In this study, a novel nan...Hydrogen generation material is a new kind of energy material that can supply hydrogen by reacting with water and is drawing more and more attention with the development of hydrogen economy. In this study, a novel nanoporous magnesium-lithium material prepared by a physical vapor deposition method exhibits an excellent hydrogen generation property. It generates hydrogen efficiently and quickly with saltwater, reaching a hydrogen generation amount of 962 mL g^(-1) and hydrogen generation rates of 60 mL g^(-1)min^(-1), 109 mL g^(-1)min^(-1),256 mL g^(-1)min^(-1) and 367 mL g^(-1)min^(-1) at 0 ℃, 25 ℃, 35 ℃ and 50 ℃, respectively. The nanoporous magnesium-lithium material is composed of a solid solution phase with a magnesium-lithium atomic ratio of 17:3. By synchrotron radiation analysis, the sizes of the nanopores are in the range of 100 nm ~ 600 nm with an average size of 280 nm, and the porosity is calculated to be ~42.4%. The improved hydrogen generation property is attributed to the nanoporous structure with a high specific surface area, and the addition of lithium element which acts as active sites in hydrogen generation process.展开更多
An efficient and highly chemoselective heterogeneous catalyst system for quinoline hydrogenation was developed using unsupported nanoporous palladium(PdNPore).The PdNPore‐catalyzed chemoselective hydrogenation of qui...An efficient and highly chemoselective heterogeneous catalyst system for quinoline hydrogenation was developed using unsupported nanoporous palladium(PdNPore).The PdNPore‐catalyzed chemoselective hydrogenation of quinoline proceeded smoothly under mild reaction conditions(low H2 pressure and temperature)to yield 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines(py‐THQs)in satisfactory to excellent yields.Various synthetically useful functional groups,such as halogen,hydroxyl,formyl,ethoxycarbonyl,and aminocarbonyl groups,remained intact during the quinoline hydrogenation.No palladium was leached from PdNPore during the hydrogenation reaction.Moreover,the catalyst was easily recovered and reused without any loss of catalytic activity.The results of kinetic,deuterium‐hydrogen exchange,and deuterium‐labeling experiments indicated that the present hydrogenation involves heterolytic H2 splitting on the surface of the catalyst.展开更多
Titanium-supported nanoporous palladium catalyst （Pd/Ti） was prepared by a hydrothermal method using PdC12 as a precursor, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA） as a ligand, and formaldehyde as a reduction agent...Titanium-supported nanoporous palladium catalyst （Pd/Ti） was prepared by a hydrothermal method using PdC12 as a precursor, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA） as a ligand, and formaldehyde as a reduction agent. Complex Pd-EDTA^2- is favorable for the formation of Pd particles with nanoscale sizes. The electroactivity of the Pd/Ti catalyst towards the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide in 1 mol/L NaOH solution was evaluated by voltammetric techniques. Both linear scan voltammetric and chronoamperometric data present significantly large steady-state reduction current density of the hydrogen peroxide electroreduction on the prepared Pd/Ti catalyst. The results show that the prepared Pd/Ti catalyst is an effective electrocatalyst for the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline media.展开更多
Barium strontium titanate （Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3, BST）/silicon nanoporous pillar array （Si-NPA） thin films were prepared by a spin-coating/annealing technique based on Si-NPA with micro/nano-structure. Both the isomer co...Barium strontium titanate （Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3, BST）/silicon nanoporous pillar array （Si-NPA） thin films were prepared by a spin-coating/annealing technique based on Si-NPA with micro/nano-structure. Both the isomer conversion of acetylacetone and the network structure combined by enol and Ti-alkoxide facilitate the formation of the BST sol and the subsequent crystallization. Before the perovskite BST begins to form, the intermediate phase （Ba, Sr）Ti2OsCO3 is found. The boundary between BST and Si-NPA is of clarity and little interface diffusion, disclosing that Si-NPA is an ideal template substrate in the preparation of multifunctional composite films.展开更多
Interaction of pulsed transversely excited atmospheric （TEA） CO2-1aser radiation at 10.6 μm with nanoporous activated carbon cloth was investigated. Activated carbon cloth of different adsorption characteristics wa...Interaction of pulsed transversely excited atmospheric （TEA） CO2-1aser radiation at 10.6 μm with nanoporous activated carbon cloth was investigated. Activated carbon cloth of different adsorption characteristics was used. Activated carbon cloth modifications were initiated by laser pulse intensities from 0.5 to 28 MW/cm^2, depending on the cloth adsorption characteristics. CO2 laser radiation was effectively absorbed by the used activated carbon cloth and largely converted into thermal energy. The type of modification depended on laser power density, number of pulses, but mostly on material characteristics such as specific surface area. The higher the surface area of activated carbon cloth, the higher the damage threshold.展开更多
The group of nanoporous materials comprises a large number of different materials including,but not limit to,zeolites and zeotypes,metal–organic frameworks,carbon materials,polymers,or mesoporous materials such as si...The group of nanoporous materials comprises a large number of different materials including,but not limit to,zeolites and zeotypes,metal–organic frameworks,carbon materials,polymers,or mesoporous materials such as silicas or metal oxides.Owing to their large accessible surface area and defined pore structures,these porous materials are central to many practical applications such as heterogeneous catalysis,adsorption,filtration,and gas separation.展开更多
Percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of coronary artery disease is most commonly performed in the UK through the radial artery,as this is considered to be safer than the femoral approach.However,despit...Percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of coronary artery disease is most commonly performed in the UK through the radial artery,as this is considered to be safer than the femoral approach.However,despite improvements in technology and techniques,complications can occur.The most common complication,arterial spasm,can cause intense pain and,in some cases,procedural failure.The incidence of spasm is dependent on several variables,including operator experience,artery size,and equipment used.An antispasmolytic cocktail can be applied to reduce spasm,which usually includes an exogenous nitric oxide(NO)donor(glyceryl trinitrate).NO is an endogenous local vasodilator and therefore is a potential target for anti-spasm intervention.However,systemic administration can result in unwanted side-effects,such as hypotension.A method that adopts local delivery of NO might be advantageous.This review article describes the mechanisms involved in radial artery spasm,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of current strategies to reduce spasm,and highlight the potential of NO-loaded nanoporous materials for use in this setting.展开更多
The Cu/CeO_(2)nanoporous composite material was prepared via a one-step and energy-saving method of solution combustion synthesis(SCS).The phase composition,surface morphology and optical characteristics of Cu/CeO_(2)...The Cu/CeO_(2)nanoporous composite material was prepared via a one-step and energy-saving method of solution combustion synthesis(SCS).The phase composition,surface morphology and optical characteristics of Cu/CeO_(2)were studied.The results show that the SCS products are composed of cubic fluorite CeO_(2)and Cu.Due to the generation and escape of gas during the synthetic reaction,the SCS CeO_(2)shows porous structure,in which the mesopores(diameter 10-17 nm)nest in the wall of large pores(diameter80-300 nm).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)outcomes indicate that the oxygen vacancy concentration of CeO_(2)increases(18.97%-30.93%)with the increase of Cu concentration.The decoration of Cu greatly enhances the catalytic activity of CeO_(2)nanomaterials.30 wt%Cu/CeO_(2)composite material shows the best photocatalytic activities for the degradation of methyl orange(MO)(95.99%),which is about 4.3times that of CeO_(2)at the same time(120 min).UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS)results show that the semiconductor band gap is reduced with the addition of metallic Cu,which leads to the enhancement of photocatalytic activity.The free radical trapping experiments demonstrate that·O_(2)-and h+are the main active species in the photocatalytic degradation of MO.Based on the above results,a hypothesized mechanism for enhanced photocatalysis of Cu/CeO_(2)nanomaterials was proposed:the porous structure provides more reactive sites and channels for mass transfer,and the presence of metallic Cu improves the oxygen vacancy concentration of CeO_(2)and then promotes charge-carrier separation,which helps enhance the photocatalytic performance of Cu/CeO_(2).展开更多
Nanoporous carbon materials derived from metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted considerable attention due to their low density for microwave absorption.Nevertheless,their poor impedance matching has reduced the...Nanoporous carbon materials derived from metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted considerable attention due to their low density for microwave absorption.Nevertheless,their poor impedance matching has reduced the absorber performance.The design and fabrication of complex nanocarbon materials with outstanding impedance matching is still a challenge.Here,we prepared a core–shell structured ZIF-8@ZIF-67 crystal through a new seed-mediated growth method.After the thermal treatment of ZIF-8@ZIF-67 crystals,we obtained selectively nanoporous carbon materials consisting of ZnO/NPC as the cores and highly graphitic Co/NPC as the shells.The shell thicknesses of ZIF-67 can be tuned simply by varying the feeding molar ratios of Co^(2+)/Zn^(2+).The composites exhibited excellent impedance matching and strong absorption.The composite ZnO/NPC@Co/NPC-0.5 samples filling with 50 wt%of paraffin show a maximum reflection loss(RL)of−28.8 dB at a thickness of 1.9 mm.In addition,a broad absorption bandwidth for RL<−10 dB which covers from 13.8–18 GHz can be obtained.Our study not only bridges diverse carbon-based materials with infinite metal–organic frameworks but also opens a new avenue for artificially designed nano-architectures with target functionalities.展开更多
Hydrogen is expected to play an important role in future transportation as a promising alternative clean energy source to carbon-based fuels. One of the key challenges to commercialize hydrogen energy is to develop ap...Hydrogen is expected to play an important role in future transportation as a promising alternative clean energy source to carbon-based fuels. One of the key challenges to commercialize hydrogen energy is to develop appropriate onboard hydrogen storage systems, capable of charging and discharging large quantities of hydrogen with fast enough kinetics to meet commercial requirements. Metal organic framework （MOF） is a new type of inorganic and organic hybrid nanoporous particulate materials. Its diverse networks can enhance hydrogen storage through tuning the structure and property of MOFs. The MOF materials so far developed adsorb hydrogen through weak dispersion interactions, which allow significant quantity of hydrogen to be stored at cryogenic temperatures with fast kinetics. Novel MOFs are being developed to strengthen the interactions between hydrogen and MOFs in order to store hydrogen under ambient conditions. This review surveys the development of such candidate materials, their performance and future research needs.展开更多
Biomass,which is derived from abundant renewable resources,is a promising alternative to fossil-fuel-based carbon materials for building a green and sustainable society.Biomass-based carbon materials(BCMs)with tailore...Biomass,which is derived from abundant renewable resources,is a promising alternative to fossil-fuel-based carbon materials for building a green and sustainable society.Biomass-based carbon materials(BCMs)with tailored hierarchical pore structures,large specific surface areas,and various surface functional groups have been extensively studied as energy and catalysis-related materials.This review provides insights from the perspectives of intrinsic physicochemical properties and structure-property relationships for discussing several fundamental yet significant issues in BCMs and their consequences.First,the synthesis,properties,and influencing factors of BCMs are discussed.Then,the causes and effects of the poor mechanical properties of biochar are explored.The factors affecting the properties of BCMs are presented,and the approaches for tuning these properties of biochar are summarized.Further,the applications of BCMs in energy storage and conversion are highlighted,including hydrogen storage and production,fuel cells,supercapacitors,hybrid electrodes,catalytic reforming,oxygen and CO_(2) reduction,and acetylene hydrochlorination.Finally,the future trends and prospects for biochar are proposed.This review aims to serve as a useful,up-to-date reference for future studies on BCMs for energy and catalytic applications.展开更多
The high electrical conductivity and high specific surface area of graphene are traditionally regarded as the most intriguing features for its promise as the electrode material for supercapacitors. In this perspective...The high electrical conductivity and high specific surface area of graphene are traditionally regarded as the most intriguing features for its promise as the electrode material for supercapacitors. In this perspective, we highlight that from the engineering point of view, the unique colloidal chemistry of chemically functionalized graphene is the key property that has made graphene stand out as a promising nanoscale building block for constructing unique nanoporous electrodes for capacitive energy storage, We present several examples to demonstrate bow the non-covalent colloidal forces between graphene sheets can be harnessed to engineer the nanostructure of graphene-based bulk electrodes for supercapacitors based on both the electrical double layer storage and the redox reaction or pseudo-capacitance mechanisms. The colloidal engineering strategy can be extended to enable other nanomaterials to achieve high energy storage performance.展开更多
Membrane technology has attracted tremendous attention in the field of gas separation due to its low cost and energy consumption.Polymer membranes are used in some industrial-scale gas separation processes,however,the...Membrane technology has attracted tremendous attention in the field of gas separation due to its low cost and energy consumption.Polymer membranes are used in some industrial-scale gas separation processes,however,they often suffer a trade-off between permeability and selectivity.To overcome this limitation,porous materials with molecular sieve properties have been combined with polymers to give membranes with enhanced gas separation performance.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are nanoporous materials possessing ultrahigh porosity,large surface area,structural diversity and rich functionalities,which make them promising candidates for gas separation.This review primarily focuses on the fabrication methods of MOF-polymer composite membranes including MOF-based mixed-matrix membranes(MMMs)and polymer supported MOF membranes.Recent progress in MOF membrane fabrication,incorporating the challenges and difficulties faced,are presented.Furthermore,corresponding solutions and strategies are given in detail to offer instructions to fabricate membranes with ideal morphology and performance.展开更多
文摘Although a new-class of heat pumps based on mechanically flexible nanoporous materials holds great poten-tial for the utilization of sustainable refrigerants with a considerably high coefficient of performance(COP),reducing their system volume remains a challenge.In this study,we explored the potential of this innovative type of heat pump in terms of COP and system volume.To broaden the scope of material exploration,we devised a new thermodynamic heat pump system applicable to soft mesoporous materials,in addition to the conventional system that is suitable only for flexible microporous materials.Several key factors have been identified through the comparison of various nanoporous materials and refrigerants.Our systematic investigation reveals that the combination of mechanically softer nanoporous materials with ammonia refrigerants can achieve a high COP and a reduced system volume.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21706106,21536001 and 21322603)the National Key Basic Research Program of China ("973") (No.2013CB733503)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Normal University(16XLR011)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘The globally increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in atmosphere after combustion of coal-or petroleum-based fuels give rise to tremendous interest in searching for porous materials to efficiently capture carbon dioxide(CO_2) and store methane(CH4), where the latter is a kind of clean energy source with abundant reserves and lower CO_2 emission. Hundreds of thousands of porous materials can be enrolled on the candidate list, but how to quickly identify the really promising ones, or even evolve materials(namely, rational design high-performing candidates) based on the large database of present porous materials? In this context, high-throughput computational techniques, which have emerged in the past few years as powerful tools, make the targets of fast evaluation of adsorbents and evolving materials for CO_2 capture and CH_4 storage feasible. This review provides an overview of the recent computational efforts on such related topics and discusses the further development in this field.
文摘Organic microporous materials based on spiroketal and spirothioketal polymers were synthesized through 1,3- dioxol-forming polymerization reaction between pentaerythritol or pentaerythritol tetrathiol and different types of cyclohexa- 1,4-dione derivatives. The structure of the prepared polymers was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and molecular mass measurements. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms of the prepared polymers show a large amount of nitrogen adsorbed at low relative pressure indicating microporosity. These polymers have Brunauer Emmitt and Teller （BET） surface areas in the range from 492 （m^2g^-1） to 685 （m^2 g^-1）. The prepared polymers were found to be useful for pervaporation separation of methanol-toluene mixture with a separation factor up to 12.5 and fluxes, varying between 6.7×10-3 kg/（m^2 h） and 13.4 × 10^-3 kg/（m^2 h）.
文摘This is a review on up-to-date in situ/operando methods for a comprehensive characterization of nano-porous materials.The group of nanoporous materials is constantly growing,and with it,the variety of possible applications.Nanoporous materials include,among others,porous carbon materials,meso-porous silica,mesoporous transition metal oxides,zeolites,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),or poly-mers.They are used as adsorbents,for gas storage,as catalysts,or for electrochemical applications to name just a few technical applications.Characterization of these materials has evolved from pure ex situ examination to increasingly complex in situ or operando methods.Monitoring nanoporous materials under reaction conditions allows for establishing structure-property relationships.This enables nanopor-ous materials to be adapted and optimized for specific processes.Recent developments on well-estab-lished but also exciting emerging methods for future applications will be discussed.The examples include in situ powder diffraction,total and small angle scattering,environmental electron microscopy,coupled with focused ion beam cutting,or X-ray tomography.This article will provide a useful reference to prac-titioners for in situ/operando characterization of nanoporous materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21522108,11405143,and 11335003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China,Grant No.20720170050the Development Fund of College of Energy,Grant No.2017NYFZ03.
文摘Salinity difference in ionic solutions is considered as a potential candidate for clean energy.Nowadays,nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis systems have received renewed attention for harnessing salinity gradient power.Towards practical applications,great efforts have been made in the fabrication of membrane-scale nanoporous materials.From a theoretical point of view,however,state-of-the-art simulation methods for multi-pore nanofluidic systems consume huge amounts of computational resources that frequently preclude simulation on lab-used computers.Here,we present a concise single-pore model to simulate the osmotic energy conversion in nanoporous materials.By regulating the geometric size of the solution reservoir,we show that the single-pore model is sufficiently accurate to simulate diffusive ion transport in multi-pore nanofluidic systems.More importantly,it largely reduces the computational scale by more than one order of magnitude.A benefit of this feature is that the model can incorporate more physical processes,such as the motion of fluid and heat conduction,which greatly expands the scope of the simulation method for understanding charge and mass transport behavior through nanoporous materials.
基金Funded by the Construct Plan of Cooperation Project from the Beijing Education Committee(No. XK100080432)
文摘The inorganic antimicrobial material was inhibited to the microbes with the added metal ion,Zn.The primary wet product carrying 5%-10% zinc ion was generated under the following conditions：temperature was 95 ℃,solution zinc concentration was 1.2-2.0 mol/L,and the ratio of Zn solution to zeolite weight was 5：1.The final stable product was manufactured after baking in an oven for 1-3 h at the temperature of 500-900 ℃.The baked material was tested for its disinfection effectiveness and coloring effect when mixed with paint coating.Based on the final batch of tests,the zinc content of this anti-microbial product was further optimized.
文摘Assessing the adsorption properties of nanoporous materials and determining their structural characterization is critical for progressing the use of such materials for many applications, including gas storage. Gas adsorption can he used for this characterization because it assesses a broad range of pore sizes, from micropore to mesopore. In the past 20 years, key developments have been achieved both in the knowledge of the adsorption and phase behavior of fluids in ordered nanoporous materials and in the creation and advancement of state-of-the-art approaches based on statistical mechanics, such as molecular sim- ulation and density functional theory. Together with high-resolution experimental procedures for the adsorption of suhcritical and supercritical fluids, this has led to significant advances in physical adsorp- tion textural characterization. In this short, selective review paper, we discuss a few important and central features of the underlying adsorption mechanisms of fluids in a variety of nanoporous materials with well-defined pore structure. The significance of these features for advancing physical adsorption charac- terization and gas storage applications is also discussed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant No.51271021]Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality [grant No. 2162025]。
文摘Hydrogen generation material is a new kind of energy material that can supply hydrogen by reacting with water and is drawing more and more attention with the development of hydrogen economy. In this study, a novel nanoporous magnesium-lithium material prepared by a physical vapor deposition method exhibits an excellent hydrogen generation property. It generates hydrogen efficiently and quickly with saltwater, reaching a hydrogen generation amount of 962 mL g^(-1) and hydrogen generation rates of 60 mL g^(-1)min^(-1), 109 mL g^(-1)min^(-1),256 mL g^(-1)min^(-1) and 367 mL g^(-1)min^(-1) at 0 ℃, 25 ℃, 35 ℃ and 50 ℃, respectively. The nanoporous magnesium-lithium material is composed of a solid solution phase with a magnesium-lithium atomic ratio of 17:3. By synchrotron radiation analysis, the sizes of the nanopores are in the range of 100 nm ~ 600 nm with an average size of 280 nm, and the porosity is calculated to be ~42.4%. The improved hydrogen generation property is attributed to the nanoporous structure with a high specific surface area, and the addition of lithium element which acts as active sites in hydrogen generation process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21573032,21773021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT17ZD212)the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP#0048~~
文摘An efficient and highly chemoselective heterogeneous catalyst system for quinoline hydrogenation was developed using unsupported nanoporous palladium(PdNPore).The PdNPore‐catalyzed chemoselective hydrogenation of quinoline proceeded smoothly under mild reaction conditions(low H2 pressure and temperature)to yield 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines(py‐THQs)in satisfactory to excellent yields.Various synthetically useful functional groups,such as halogen,hydroxyl,formyl,ethoxycarbonyl,and aminocarbonyl groups,remained intact during the quinoline hydrogenation.No palladium was leached from PdNPore during the hydrogenation reaction.Moreover,the catalyst was easily recovered and reused without any loss of catalytic activity.The results of kinetic,deuterium‐hydrogen exchange,and deuterium‐labeling experiments indicated that the present hydrogenation involves heterolytic H2 splitting on the surface of the catalyst.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20876038)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10JJ9003)the Planned Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province, China (No. 2009GK3084)
文摘Titanium-supported nanoporous palladium catalyst （Pd/Ti） was prepared by a hydrothermal method using PdC12 as a precursor, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid （EDTA） as a ligand, and formaldehyde as a reduction agent. Complex Pd-EDTA^2- is favorable for the formation of Pd particles with nanoscale sizes. The electroactivity of the Pd/Ti catalyst towards the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide in 1 mol/L NaOH solution was evaluated by voltammetric techniques. Both linear scan voltammetric and chronoamperometric data present significantly large steady-state reduction current density of the hydrogen peroxide electroreduction on the prepared Pd/Ti catalyst. The results show that the prepared Pd/Ti catalyst is an effective electrocatalyst for the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline media.
基金supported by the Research Funds of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, China (No.0710908-04-K)Guangxi Natural Science Fund, China (No.0832257)the Research Funds of Education Bureau of Guangxi Province, China (No.200708LX333)
文摘Barium strontium titanate （Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3, BST）/silicon nanoporous pillar array （Si-NPA） thin films were prepared by a spin-coating/annealing technique based on Si-NPA with micro/nano-structure. Both the isomer conversion of acetylacetone and the network structure combined by enol and Ti-alkoxide facilitate the formation of the BST sol and the subsequent crystallization. Before the perovskite BST begins to form, the intermediate phase （Ba, Sr）Ti2OsCO3 is found. The boundary between BST and Si-NPA is of clarity and little interface diffusion, disclosing that Si-NPA is an ideal template substrate in the preparation of multifunctional composite films.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia (Contracts Nos. 45005 and 172019)
文摘Interaction of pulsed transversely excited atmospheric （TEA） CO2-1aser radiation at 10.6 μm with nanoporous activated carbon cloth was investigated. Activated carbon cloth of different adsorption characteristics was used. Activated carbon cloth modifications were initiated by laser pulse intensities from 0.5 to 28 MW/cm^2, depending on the cloth adsorption characteristics. CO2 laser radiation was effectively absorbed by the used activated carbon cloth and largely converted into thermal energy. The type of modification depended on laser power density, number of pulses, but mostly on material characteristics such as specific surface area. The higher the surface area of activated carbon cloth, the higher the damage threshold.
文摘The group of nanoporous materials comprises a large number of different materials including,but not limit to,zeolites and zeotypes,metal–organic frameworks,carbon materials,polymers,or mesoporous materials such as silicas or metal oxides.Owing to their large accessible surface area and defined pore structures,these porous materials are central to many practical applications such as heterogeneous catalysis,adsorption,filtration,and gas separation.
基金Supported by the European Social Fund and Scottish Funding Council as part of Developing Scotland’s Workforce in the Scotland 2014-2020 European Structural and Investment Fund Programme
文摘Percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of coronary artery disease is most commonly performed in the UK through the radial artery,as this is considered to be safer than the femoral approach.However,despite improvements in technology and techniques,complications can occur.The most common complication,arterial spasm,can cause intense pain and,in some cases,procedural failure.The incidence of spasm is dependent on several variables,including operator experience,artery size,and equipment used.An antispasmolytic cocktail can be applied to reduce spasm,which usually includes an exogenous nitric oxide(NO)donor(glyceryl trinitrate).NO is an endogenous local vasodilator and therefore is a potential target for anti-spasm intervention.However,systemic administration can result in unwanted side-effects,such as hypotension.A method that adopts local delivery of NO might be advantageous.This review article describes the mechanisms involved in radial artery spasm,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of current strategies to reduce spasm,and highlight the potential of NO-loaded nanoporous materials for use in this setting.
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019ZDPY20)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX21_2199)。
文摘The Cu/CeO_(2)nanoporous composite material was prepared via a one-step and energy-saving method of solution combustion synthesis(SCS).The phase composition,surface morphology and optical characteristics of Cu/CeO_(2)were studied.The results show that the SCS products are composed of cubic fluorite CeO_(2)and Cu.Due to the generation and escape of gas during the synthetic reaction,the SCS CeO_(2)shows porous structure,in which the mesopores(diameter 10-17 nm)nest in the wall of large pores(diameter80-300 nm).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)outcomes indicate that the oxygen vacancy concentration of CeO_(2)increases(18.97%-30.93%)with the increase of Cu concentration.The decoration of Cu greatly enhances the catalytic activity of CeO_(2)nanomaterials.30 wt%Cu/CeO_(2)composite material shows the best photocatalytic activities for the degradation of methyl orange(MO)(95.99%),which is about 4.3times that of CeO_(2)at the same time(120 min).UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS)results show that the semiconductor band gap is reduced with the addition of metallic Cu,which leads to the enhancement of photocatalytic activity.The free radical trapping experiments demonstrate that·O_(2)-and h+are the main active species in the photocatalytic degradation of MO.Based on the above results,a hypothesized mechanism for enhanced photocatalysis of Cu/CeO_(2)nanomaterials was proposed:the porous structure provides more reactive sites and channels for mass transfer,and the presence of metallic Cu improves the oxygen vacancy concentration of CeO_(2)and then promotes charge-carrier separation,which helps enhance the photocatalytic performance of Cu/CeO_(2).
基金financial support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(no.:11575085)the Aeronautics Sciences Foundation of China(no.:2014ZF52072)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology of Nanjing University,the Qing Lan Project,Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(no.:XCL-035)the project also founded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Nanoporous carbon materials derived from metal organic frameworks(MOFs)have attracted considerable attention due to their low density for microwave absorption.Nevertheless,their poor impedance matching has reduced the absorber performance.The design and fabrication of complex nanocarbon materials with outstanding impedance matching is still a challenge.Here,we prepared a core–shell structured ZIF-8@ZIF-67 crystal through a new seed-mediated growth method.After the thermal treatment of ZIF-8@ZIF-67 crystals,we obtained selectively nanoporous carbon materials consisting of ZnO/NPC as the cores and highly graphitic Co/NPC as the shells.The shell thicknesses of ZIF-67 can be tuned simply by varying the feeding molar ratios of Co^(2+)/Zn^(2+).The composites exhibited excellent impedance matching and strong absorption.The composite ZnO/NPC@Co/NPC-0.5 samples filling with 50 wt%of paraffin show a maximum reflection loss(RL)of−28.8 dB at a thickness of 1.9 mm.In addition,a broad absorption bandwidth for RL<−10 dB which covers from 13.8–18 GHz can be obtained.Our study not only bridges diverse carbon-based materials with infinite metal–organic frameworks but also opens a new avenue for artificially designed nano-architectures with target functionalities.
文摘Hydrogen is expected to play an important role in future transportation as a promising alternative clean energy source to carbon-based fuels. One of the key challenges to commercialize hydrogen energy is to develop appropriate onboard hydrogen storage systems, capable of charging and discharging large quantities of hydrogen with fast enough kinetics to meet commercial requirements. Metal organic framework （MOF） is a new type of inorganic and organic hybrid nanoporous particulate materials. Its diverse networks can enhance hydrogen storage through tuning the structure and property of MOFs. The MOF materials so far developed adsorb hydrogen through weak dispersion interactions, which allow significant quantity of hydrogen to be stored at cryogenic temperatures with fast kinetics. Novel MOFs are being developed to strengthen the interactions between hydrogen and MOFs in order to store hydrogen under ambient conditions. This review surveys the development of such candidate materials, their performance and future research needs.
基金financially supported by Key Research and Development Projects of Sichuan Province(2023YFG0222)“Tianfu Emei”Science and Technology Innovation Leader Program in Sichuan Province,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Talent Start-up Funds(A1098531023601208)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21472235,21464015).
文摘Biomass,which is derived from abundant renewable resources,is a promising alternative to fossil-fuel-based carbon materials for building a green and sustainable society.Biomass-based carbon materials(BCMs)with tailored hierarchical pore structures,large specific surface areas,and various surface functional groups have been extensively studied as energy and catalysis-related materials.This review provides insights from the perspectives of intrinsic physicochemical properties and structure-property relationships for discussing several fundamental yet significant issues in BCMs and their consequences.First,the synthesis,properties,and influencing factors of BCMs are discussed.Then,the causes and effects of the poor mechanical properties of biochar are explored.The factors affecting the properties of BCMs are presented,and the approaches for tuning these properties of biochar are summarized.Further,the applications of BCMs in energy storage and conversion are highlighted,including hydrogen storage and production,fuel cells,supercapacitors,hybrid electrodes,catalytic reforming,oxygen and CO_(2) reduction,and acetylene hydrochlorination.Finally,the future trends and prospects for biochar are proposed.This review aims to serve as a useful,up-to-date reference for future studies on BCMs for energy and catalytic applications.
基金the financial support for the Australian Research Council(FT110100341 and DP140102624)
文摘The high electrical conductivity and high specific surface area of graphene are traditionally regarded as the most intriguing features for its promise as the electrode material for supercapacitors. In this perspective, we highlight that from the engineering point of view, the unique colloidal chemistry of chemically functionalized graphene is the key property that has made graphene stand out as a promising nanoscale building block for constructing unique nanoporous electrodes for capacitive energy storage, We present several examples to demonstrate bow the non-covalent colloidal forces between graphene sheets can be harnessed to engineer the nanostructure of graphene-based bulk electrodes for supercapacitors based on both the electrical double layer storage and the redox reaction or pseudo-capacitance mechanisms. The colloidal engineering strategy can be extended to enable other nanomaterials to achieve high energy storage performance.
基金supported by the 973 Program 2013CB834704Provincial Key Project of China(grant no.7131253)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.21471018,21404010,21201018,21490570)。
文摘Membrane technology has attracted tremendous attention in the field of gas separation due to its low cost and energy consumption.Polymer membranes are used in some industrial-scale gas separation processes,however,they often suffer a trade-off between permeability and selectivity.To overcome this limitation,porous materials with molecular sieve properties have been combined with polymers to give membranes with enhanced gas separation performance.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are nanoporous materials possessing ultrahigh porosity,large surface area,structural diversity and rich functionalities,which make them promising candidates for gas separation.This review primarily focuses on the fabrication methods of MOF-polymer composite membranes including MOF-based mixed-matrix membranes(MMMs)and polymer supported MOF membranes.Recent progress in MOF membrane fabrication,incorporating the challenges and difficulties faced,are presented.Furthermore,corresponding solutions and strategies are given in detail to offer instructions to fabricate membranes with ideal morphology and performance.
