采用简单的一步溶剂热法合成了In_(2)O_(3)立方体,并利用X-射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray phot...采用简单的一步溶剂热法合成了In_(2)O_(3)立方体,并利用X-射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectra,XPS)和N2吸附-脱附技术对该In_(2)O_(3)立方体的结构及形貌进行了表征。制备的In_(2)O_(3)立方体尺寸范围在1~5μm。将In_(2)O_(3)立方体制成传感器,测试其对甲苯、丙酮、氯苯、苯、乙醇、二甲苯、甲醇、异丙醇和二氧化氮(NO_(2))气体的气敏性能。结果表明,在最佳工作温度92℃时,In_(2)O_(3)传感器对NO_(2)有良好的气体选择性及灵敏度,对10×10^(-6) NO_(2)气体的响应值为187.7,最低检出限为0.6×10^(-6)。基于In_(2)O_(3)立方体的传感器具有良好的稳定性、重现性和抗湿性,有望实现在实际的复杂环境中对痕量NO_(2)气体的低温检测。展开更多
As one of the most important industrially viable methods for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization,methanol synthesis serves as a platform for production of green fuels and commodity chemicals.For sustainable methanol syn...As one of the most important industrially viable methods for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization,methanol synthesis serves as a platform for production of green fuels and commodity chemicals.For sustainable methanol synthesis,In_(2)O_(3)is an ideal catalyst and has garnered significant attention.Herein,cubic In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles were prepared via the precipitation method and evaluated for CO_(2)hydrogenation to produce methanol.During the initial 10 h of reaction,CO_(2)conversion gradually increased,accompanied by a slow decrease of methanol selectivity,and the reaction reached equilibrium after 10-20 h on stream.This activation and induction stage may be attributed to the sintering of In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles and the creation of more oxygen vacancies on In_(2)O_(3)surfaces.Further experimental studies demonstrate that hydrogen induction created additional oxygen vacancies during the catalyst activation stage,enhancing the performance of In_(2)O_(3)catalyst for CO_(2)hydrogenation.Density functional theory calculations and microkinetic simulations further demonstrated that surfaces with higher oxygen vacancy coverages or hydroxylated surfaces formed during this induction period can enhance the reaction rate and increase the CO_(2)conversion.However,they predominantly promote the formation of CO instead of methanol,leading to reduced methanol selectivity.These predictions align well with the above-mentioned experimental observations.Our work thus provides an in-depth analysis of the induction stage of the CO_(2)hydrogenation process on In_(2)O_(3)nano-catalyst,and offers valuable insights for significantly improving the CO_(2)reactivity of In_(2)O_(3)-based catalysts while maintaining long-term stability.展开更多
To address the escalating demand for high-mobility transparent and conductive oxide(TCO)films in heterojunction solar cells,multiple components doped In_(2)O_(3) targets were proposed.The In_(2)O_(3) targets incorpora...To address the escalating demand for high-mobility transparent and conductive oxide(TCO)films in heterojunction solar cells,multiple components doped In_(2)O_(3) targets were proposed.The In_(2)O_(3) targets incorporating 1 wt.%CeO_(2),Ta_(2)O_(5),and TiO_(2) were sintered under different sintering temperatures and times.All the targets show the cubic bixbyite phase of In_(2)O_(3).The microstructure illustrates densely packed fine grains and uniform elemental distribution.Notably,increasing the sintering temperature and holding time contributes to effective pore elimination within the targets.A relative density of greater than 99.5%is obtained for the targets sintered at 1500℃ for 4 and 6 h,and the corresponding optimum resistivity decreases from 1.068×10^(-3)to 9.73×10^(-4)Ω·cm.These results provide the experimental basis of fabricating In_(2)O_(3)-based targets for depositing high mobility TCO films by magnetron sputtering.展开更多
Perovskite/Si tandem solar cells(TSCs)present great potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells for further advancing the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of solar cells.However,the ...Perovskite/Si tandem solar cells(TSCs)present great potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells for further advancing the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of solar cells.However,the fabrication of TSCs usually encounters challenge of selecting suitable sputtering buffer layer(SBL)to prevent the bombardment during the transparent electrode deposition.Herein,we introduce an indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3))buffer layer via e-beam deposition to fabricate semi-transparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs).The optical transmittance and electrical conductivity of In_(2)O_(3)highly depend on the deposition rate.High deposition rate results in high ratio of metallic indium in the film,which causes severe parasitic absorption.A 20 nm-thick In_(2)O_(3)film deposited at lower rate demonstrated high conductivity,transmittance and robust protection during sputtering.A 1.68 eV ST-PSC incorporating this In_(2)O_(3)buffer layer exhibits a champion PCE of 20.20%,demonstrating the excellent optoelectronic and protective properties of In_(2)O_(3).When combined with a Si subcell,the 4-terminal TSC obtains a remarkable PCE of 30.04%,Importantly,the unencapsulated ST-PSC maintained 80%of initial PCE after 423 h of continuous light soaking in N_(2).This work has provided a facile and instrumental transparent SBL strategy for perovskite/Si TSCs.展开更多
Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))with high selectivity to generate value-added chemical products and fuels,utilizing renewable electricity sources,offers an effective approach to address the continu...Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))with high selectivity to generate value-added chemical products and fuels,utilizing renewable electricity sources,offers an effective approach to address the continued increase in atmospheric CO_(2).Here,we report cerium(Ce)-doped indium oxide(In2O3)electrocatalyst generated in situ on carbon paper(Ce-In_(2)O_(3)/CP),and its application in the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)to formate formation with high Faradaic efficiency(FE)(reaching 97.6%at−1.7 V vs.Ag/AgCl)and excellent stability.Experimental analysis and density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that doping Ce onto the(222)plane of In_(2)O_(3)induces lattice distortion,which promotes electron transfer from Ce to In while adjusting the local electronic structure of the In atoms around Ce,making them more favorable for the adsorption of*OOCH intermediates and effectively lowering the energy barrier of the rate-determining step.Furthermore,Ce doping lowers the overpotential required for formate production and suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),effectively enhancing the selectivity of formate.展开更多
In sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASLBs),the development of high-capacity anode materials with stable interfaces to sulfide solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)is critical.Here,In_(2)O_(3)is explored as an ...In sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASLBs),the development of high-capacity anode materials with stable interfaces to sulfide solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)is critical.Here,In_(2)O_(3)is explored as an anode material for ASLBs for the first time,demonstrating exceptional interfacial stability and electrochemical performance.The In_(2)O_(3)anode,with a substantial mass loading of 7.64 mg cm^(-2),sustains a charge-specific capacity of528.0 mAh g^(-1)(4.03 mAh cm^(-2))at a current density of0.76 mA cm^(-2)over 500 cycles,with a capacity retention of 81.2%.Additionally,it exhibits remarkable long-term cycling stability(2900 cycles)under a high current density of 3.82 mA cm^(-2),with an exceptionally low decay rate of0.016%per cycle.The charge-discharge mechanism of the In_(2)O_(3)anode is elucidated in detail,revealing that the electrochemical evolution of In_(2)O_(3)in ASLBs involves notonly the alloying/dealloying process of indium(In)but also a conversion reaction between In and Li_(2)O.Notably,as cycling progresses,the conversion reaction of In and Li_(2)O diminishes,with the reversible alloy ing/dealloy ing process becoming predominant.This work offers valuable insights for advancing oxide anode materials in sulfide-based ASLBs.展开更多
Despite advances in photocatalytic half-reduction reactions,challenges remain in effectively utilizing electron-hole pairs in concurrent redox processes.The present study involved the construction of a p-n junction Co...Despite advances in photocatalytic half-reduction reactions,challenges remain in effectively utilizing electron-hole pairs in concurrent redox processes.The present study involved the construction of a p-n junction Co_(3)O_(4)/Zn_(3)In_(2)S_(6)(CoZ)hybrid with a complementary band edge potential.The photocatalyst formed by the 2D assembled-nanostructure portrayed an optimal yield of 13.8(H_(2))and 13.1(benzaldehyde)mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)when exposed to light(λ>420 nm),surpassing 1%Pt-added ZIS(12.4(H_(2))and 10.71(benzaldehyde)mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)).Around 95%of the electron-hole utilization rate was achieved.The solar-to-hydrogen(STH)and apparent quantum yield(AQY)values of 0.466%and 4.96%(420nm)achieved by this system in the absence of sacrificial agents exceeded those of previous works.The exceptional performance was mostly ascribed to the synergistic development of adjoining p-n heterojunctions and the built-in electric field for effective charge separation.Moreover,scavenger studies elucidated the intricate mechanistic enigma of the dual-redox process,in which benzaldehyde was produced via O-H activation and subsequent C-H cleavage of benzyl alcohol over CoZ hybrids.Furthermore,the widespread use of the optimal 1-CoZ composites was confirmed in multiple photoredox systems.This work presents an innovative perspective on the construction of dual-functioning p-n heterojunctions for practical photoredox applications.展开更多
文摘采用简单的一步溶剂热法合成了In_(2)O_(3)立方体,并利用X-射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectra,XPS)和N2吸附-脱附技术对该In_(2)O_(3)立方体的结构及形貌进行了表征。制备的In_(2)O_(3)立方体尺寸范围在1~5μm。将In_(2)O_(3)立方体制成传感器,测试其对甲苯、丙酮、氯苯、苯、乙醇、二甲苯、甲醇、异丙醇和二氧化氮(NO_(2))气体的气敏性能。结果表明,在最佳工作温度92℃时,In_(2)O_(3)传感器对NO_(2)有良好的气体选择性及灵敏度,对10×10^(-6) NO_(2)气体的响应值为187.7,最低检出限为0.6×10^(-6)。基于In_(2)O_(3)立方体的传感器具有良好的稳定性、重现性和抗湿性,有望实现在实际的复杂环境中对痕量NO_(2)气体的低温检测。
文摘As one of the most important industrially viable methods for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))utilization,methanol synthesis serves as a platform for production of green fuels and commodity chemicals.For sustainable methanol synthesis,In_(2)O_(3)is an ideal catalyst and has garnered significant attention.Herein,cubic In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles were prepared via the precipitation method and evaluated for CO_(2)hydrogenation to produce methanol.During the initial 10 h of reaction,CO_(2)conversion gradually increased,accompanied by a slow decrease of methanol selectivity,and the reaction reached equilibrium after 10-20 h on stream.This activation and induction stage may be attributed to the sintering of In_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles and the creation of more oxygen vacancies on In_(2)O_(3)surfaces.Further experimental studies demonstrate that hydrogen induction created additional oxygen vacancies during the catalyst activation stage,enhancing the performance of In_(2)O_(3)catalyst for CO_(2)hydrogenation.Density functional theory calculations and microkinetic simulations further demonstrated that surfaces with higher oxygen vacancy coverages or hydroxylated surfaces formed during this induction period can enhance the reaction rate and increase the CO_(2)conversion.However,they predominantly promote the formation of CO instead of methanol,leading to reduced methanol selectivity.These predictions align well with the above-mentioned experimental observations.Our work thus provides an in-depth analysis of the induction stage of the CO_(2)hydrogenation process on In_(2)O_(3)nano-catalyst,and offers valuable insights for significantly improving the CO_(2)reactivity of In_(2)O_(3)-based catalysts while maintaining long-term stability.
基金supported by the Joint Fund of NSFC-Guangxi(U21A2065)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2021GXNSFAA220020)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62364007)Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi(AA21077018).
文摘To address the escalating demand for high-mobility transparent and conductive oxide(TCO)films in heterojunction solar cells,multiple components doped In_(2)O_(3) targets were proposed.The In_(2)O_(3) targets incorporating 1 wt.%CeO_(2),Ta_(2)O_(5),and TiO_(2) were sintered under different sintering temperatures and times.All the targets show the cubic bixbyite phase of In_(2)O_(3).The microstructure illustrates densely packed fine grains and uniform elemental distribution.Notably,increasing the sintering temperature and holding time contributes to effective pore elimination within the targets.A relative density of greater than 99.5%is obtained for the targets sintered at 1500℃ for 4 and 6 h,and the corresponding optimum resistivity decreases from 1.068×10^(-3)to 9.73×10^(-4)Ω·cm.These results provide the experimental basis of fabricating In_(2)O_(3)-based targets for depositing high mobility TCO films by magnetron sputtering.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52102304 and 52172238)Open Project of Shaanxi Laboratory of Aerospace Power(Grant No.2021SXSYS01-03)+1 种基金Shaanxi Bureau of Science and Technology(Award No.2022KWZ-07)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3102019JC0005)。
文摘Perovskite/Si tandem solar cells(TSCs)present great potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells for further advancing the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of solar cells.However,the fabrication of TSCs usually encounters challenge of selecting suitable sputtering buffer layer(SBL)to prevent the bombardment during the transparent electrode deposition.Herein,we introduce an indium oxide(In_(2)O_(3))buffer layer via e-beam deposition to fabricate semi-transparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs).The optical transmittance and electrical conductivity of In_(2)O_(3)highly depend on the deposition rate.High deposition rate results in high ratio of metallic indium in the film,which causes severe parasitic absorption.A 20 nm-thick In_(2)O_(3)film deposited at lower rate demonstrated high conductivity,transmittance and robust protection during sputtering.A 1.68 eV ST-PSC incorporating this In_(2)O_(3)buffer layer exhibits a champion PCE of 20.20%,demonstrating the excellent optoelectronic and protective properties of In_(2)O_(3).When combined with a Si subcell,the 4-terminal TSC obtains a remarkable PCE of 30.04%,Importantly,the unencapsulated ST-PSC maintained 80%of initial PCE after 423 h of continuous light soaking in N_(2).This work has provided a facile and instrumental transparent SBL strategy for perovskite/Si TSCs.
基金financially supported by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant No.22H01855,Japan.Ziyuan Yang,Xiaowei An,Zhongbao Feng,Peng LuoChangrui Feng gratefully acknowledge the China Scholarship Council(CSC),China.Yusrin Ramli greatly acknowledges the MEXT of Japan for the scholarship.Numerical calculations were conducted at the Hefei Advanced Computing Center in China.The authors also acknowledge the Shared Facility Center for Science and Technology(SFCST)at Hirosaki University,Japan,for XRD,SEM-EDS,and TEM-EDS measurements.
文摘Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))with high selectivity to generate value-added chemical products and fuels,utilizing renewable electricity sources,offers an effective approach to address the continued increase in atmospheric CO_(2).Here,we report cerium(Ce)-doped indium oxide(In2O3)electrocatalyst generated in situ on carbon paper(Ce-In_(2)O_(3)/CP),and its application in the electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)(CO_(2)RR)to formate formation with high Faradaic efficiency(FE)(reaching 97.6%at−1.7 V vs.Ag/AgCl)and excellent stability.Experimental analysis and density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that doping Ce onto the(222)plane of In_(2)O_(3)induces lattice distortion,which promotes electron transfer from Ce to In while adjusting the local electronic structure of the In atoms around Ce,making them more favorable for the adsorption of*OOCH intermediates and effectively lowering the energy barrier of the rate-determining step.Furthermore,Ce doping lowers the overpotential required for formate production and suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),effectively enhancing the selectivity of formate.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22301151)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(No.2022QN05024)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.2024SKYPT0011)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hohhot,China(No.2024-JieBangGuaShuai-Gao-4)
文摘In sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASLBs),the development of high-capacity anode materials with stable interfaces to sulfide solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)is critical.Here,In_(2)O_(3)is explored as an anode material for ASLBs for the first time,demonstrating exceptional interfacial stability and electrochemical performance.The In_(2)O_(3)anode,with a substantial mass loading of 7.64 mg cm^(-2),sustains a charge-specific capacity of528.0 mAh g^(-1)(4.03 mAh cm^(-2))at a current density of0.76 mA cm^(-2)over 500 cycles,with a capacity retention of 81.2%.Additionally,it exhibits remarkable long-term cycling stability(2900 cycles)under a high current density of 3.82 mA cm^(-2),with an exceptionally low decay rate of0.016%per cycle.The charge-discharge mechanism of the In_(2)O_(3)anode is elucidated in detail,revealing that the electrochemical evolution of In_(2)O_(3)in ASLBs involves notonly the alloying/dealloying process of indium(In)but also a conversion reaction between In and Li_(2)O.Notably,as cycling progresses,the conversion reaction of In and Li_(2)O diminishes,with the reversible alloy ing/dealloy ing process becoming predominant.This work offers valuable insights for advancing oxide anode materials in sulfide-based ASLBs.
基金support provided by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(No.FRGS/1/2024/TK08/XMU/02/1)supported by the PETRONAS-Academia Collaboration Dialogue(PACD 2023)grant,provided by PETRONAS Research Sdn.Bhd.(PRSB)+6 种基金the Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation(MOSTI)Malaysia under the Strategic Research Fund(SRF)(S.22015)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22202168)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515111019)support from the State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces,Xiamen University(No.2023X11)supported by the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Malaysia(EENG/0045)funded by Xiamen University Malaysia Investigatorship Grant(No.IENG/0038)Xiamen University Malaysia Research Fund(ICOE/0001,XMUMRF/2021-C8/IENG/0041 and XMUMRF/2025-C15/IENG/0080).
文摘Despite advances in photocatalytic half-reduction reactions,challenges remain in effectively utilizing electron-hole pairs in concurrent redox processes.The present study involved the construction of a p-n junction Co_(3)O_(4)/Zn_(3)In_(2)S_(6)(CoZ)hybrid with a complementary band edge potential.The photocatalyst formed by the 2D assembled-nanostructure portrayed an optimal yield of 13.8(H_(2))and 13.1(benzaldehyde)mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)when exposed to light(λ>420 nm),surpassing 1%Pt-added ZIS(12.4(H_(2))and 10.71(benzaldehyde)mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)).Around 95%of the electron-hole utilization rate was achieved.The solar-to-hydrogen(STH)and apparent quantum yield(AQY)values of 0.466%and 4.96%(420nm)achieved by this system in the absence of sacrificial agents exceeded those of previous works.The exceptional performance was mostly ascribed to the synergistic development of adjoining p-n heterojunctions and the built-in electric field for effective charge separation.Moreover,scavenger studies elucidated the intricate mechanistic enigma of the dual-redox process,in which benzaldehyde was produced via O-H activation and subsequent C-H cleavage of benzyl alcohol over CoZ hybrids.Furthermore,the widespread use of the optimal 1-CoZ composites was confirmed in multiple photoredox systems.This work presents an innovative perspective on the construction of dual-functioning p-n heterojunctions for practical photoredox applications.
