Nanometer TiO 2 powders were obtained from TiOSO 4 and studied by XRD, TEM and BET. The result indicated that pH and heat treatment temperature have great effects on their grain size and crystal phase structu...Nanometer TiO 2 powders were obtained from TiOSO 4 and studied by XRD, TEM and BET. The result indicated that pH and heat treatment temperature have great effects on their grain size and crystal phase structure. Annealed at 500 ℃, nanometer TiO 2 with a specific surface area of 101.39 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 10 nm were obtained(pH=5); and with a specific surface area of 95.48 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 30 nm were obtained(pH=10). The research indicated that crystal phase transformation of rutile at 750 ℃made great promotion in grain size growth.展开更多
Nanometer TiO 2 powders were obtained from TiOSO 4 and studied by XRD, TEM and BET. The result indicated that pH and heat treatment temperature have great effects on their grain size and crystal phase structu...Nanometer TiO 2 powders were obtained from TiOSO 4 and studied by XRD, TEM and BET. The result indicated that pH and heat treatment temperature have great effects on their grain size and crystal phase structure. Annealed at 500 ℃, nanometer TiO 2 with a specific surface area of 101.39 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 10 nm were obtained(pH=5); and with a specific surface area of 95.48 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 30 nm were obtained(pH=10). The research indicated that crystal phase transformation of rutile at 750 ℃made great promotion in grain size growth.展开更多
The nanometer CeO2 powder was prepared by the method of microwave-assisted heating hydrolysis,and the nanometer CeO2-supported or ordinary CeO2-supported vanadia catalysts with different vanadium loadings(atomic ratio...The nanometer CeO2 powder was prepared by the method of microwave-assisted heating hydrolysis,and the nanometer CeO2-supported or ordinary CeO2-supported vanadia catalysts with different vanadium loadings(atomic ratios:100V/Ce=0.1,1,4,10,and 20) were prepared by an incipient-wetness impregnation method.Spectroscopic techniques(XRD,FT-IR,Raman and UV-Vis DRS) were utilized to characterize the structures of VOx/CeO2 catalysts.The results showed that the structures of CeO2-supported vanadium oxide catalysts de...展开更多
Two kinds of TiO_2 nanometer thin films were prepared on stainless steel bythe reverse micellar and sol-gel methods, respectively. The calcined TiO_ 2 thin films werecharacterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic fo...Two kinds of TiO_2 nanometer thin films were prepared on stainless steel bythe reverse micellar and sol-gel methods, respectively. The calcined TiO_ 2 thin films werecharacterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), BET surface area and X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalyticdecoloration of methyl orange aqueous solution. The results showed that the TiO_2 thin filmsprepared by reverse micellar method (designated as RM-TiO_2 films) showed higher photocatalyticactivity than those by sol-gel method (designated as SG-TiO_2 films). This is attributed to the factthat the former is composed of smaller monodispersed spherical particles with a size of about 15 nmand possesses higher surface areas.展开更多
Nanometer α-Fe2O3 catalysts were prepared by hydrolyzation in high temperature. Three kinds of precipitators, NaOH, （NH4）2CO3 and urea were used to compare the effect in the process of hydrolyzation. Nanometer size...Nanometer α-Fe2O3 catalysts were prepared by hydrolyzation in high temperature. Three kinds of precipitators, NaOH, （NH4）2CO3 and urea were used to compare the effect in the process of hydrolyzation. Nanometer sizer, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were employed to test the profiles and diameters of the product particles. The test results indicate that the production is nanometer α-Fe2O3 with narrow particle size distribution （PSD） and good dispersibility. The catalysts are mixed with ammonia perchlorate （AP） in 1.0 wt.%. And the composite particles of catalysts with AP are prepared using a new solvent-nonsolvent method. Differential thermal analyzer （DTA） is employed to analysis the thermal decomposition of the composite particles and pure AP sample. The results imply that the thermal decomposition curve peaks of the samples in which nanometer α-Fe2O3 catalysts are added appear comparatively more ahead than that of pure AP sample. Among these mixtures added nanometer material, the smaller the particle diameter of catalyst is, the more ahead the thermal decomposition curve peaks of AP appear. The high and low temperature thermal decomposition curve peaks of AP mixed with the catalyst deposed by urea are more ahead of 77.8?℃ and 9.7?℃ than that of pure AP, respectively. The mechanism of the catalyst deposed by urea with smaller diameter and the distinct catalysis of the particles on the thermal decomposition of AP are discussed.展开更多
The nanometer and ordinary anatase titanium dioxide(TiO_2) powders were adopted as the sonocatalysts for the degradation of methyl orange used as a model compound for the first time. It was found that the sonocatalyti...The nanometer and ordinary anatase titanium dioxide(TiO_2) powders were adopted as the sonocatalysts for the degradation of methyl orange used as a model compound for the first time. It was found that the sonocatalytic degradation effect of methyl orange in the presence of TiO_2 powder were much better than that without TiO_2, but the sonocatalytic activity of the nanometer anatase TiO_2 particle was obviously higher than that of ordinary anatase TiO_2 particle. Although there are many factors influencing sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange, the experimental results showed that the best degradation ratio of methyl orange could be obtained when the experimental conditions were: initial concentration 15 mg/L, nanometer anatase TiO_2 adding amount 750 mg/L, ultrasonic frequency 40 kHz, output power 50 W, pH = 3.0 and temperature 40℃ within 150 min. In addition, the catalytic activity of reused nanometer anatase TiO_2 catalyst was also studied and found to decline gradually comparing with initial nanometer anatase TiO_2 catalyst. All experiments indicated that the method of the sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of TiO_2 powder was an advisable choice for non- or low-transparent organic wastewaters.展开更多
The transparent anatase TiO 2 nanometer thin films were prepared by the sol-gel method on soda-lime glass.X-ray diffraction,thermal analysis and UV-visible spectrophotometer were used to analyze the formation of the ...The transparent anatase TiO 2 nanometer thin films were prepared by the sol-gel method on soda-lime glass.X-ray diffraction,thermal analysis and UV-visible spectrophotometer were used to analyze the formation of the phases.Only increasing the heat-treatment time,the average grain size has no obvious change.The mechanism of grain growth in TiO 2 thin film is probably as follows:the grain of coating will become grain core later;TiO 2 sol constantly deposited on the surface of TiO 2 grain and formed membrane with increasing of coating cycle times;TiO 2 grain in the film grow steadily.展开更多
Nanometer Al_2O_3 is one of new types of functional materials with broad application and development prospects in the future. The basic principle and ways of nanometer Al_2O_3 fabricated using sol-gel technique were i...Nanometer Al_2O_3 is one of new types of functional materials with broad application and development prospects in the future. The basic principle and ways of nanometer Al_2O_3 fabricated using sol-gel technique were introduced, and the factors affecting nanometer Al_2O_3 fabricated using sol-gel method were analyzed. The progress in research on nanometer Al_2O_3 and the application fields of nanometer Al_2O_3 were reviewed. The existing problems and the problems prospect for nanometer Al_2O_3 were pointed out.展开更多
By loading nanometer anatase onto exfoliated graphite with the sol-gel method, exfoliated graphite-TiO2 composite （EG-TiO2） can be prepared, which can adsorb oil and can also degrade oil. In a technologic condition ...By loading nanometer anatase onto exfoliated graphite with the sol-gel method, exfoliated graphite-TiO2 composite （EG-TiO2） can be prepared, which can adsorb oil and can also degrade oil. In a technologic condition for preparing EG-TiO2, the impregnated number of times is the most important factor to influence oil-adsorbing capability, that is, when the impregnated number of times increases, the amount of saturation-adsorbed oil decreases. The study of EG-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of machine oil based on the weight-loss method and infrared spectrum method indicates that EG-TiO2 has obvious effect of photocatalytic degradation for machine oil. Its performance is superior to pure nanometer TiO2 powder because nanometer TiO2 in EG-TiO2 has three-dimension laminar structure and comparatively high adsorption capability.展开更多
W-2 wt.%Y2O3 composite material with uniform distribution of yttrium element was fabricated through processes of mechanical alloying （MA） and spark plasma sintering （SPS）. The relevant productions were characteriz...W-2 wt.%Y2O3 composite material with uniform distribution of yttrium element was fabricated through processes of mechanical alloying （MA） and spark plasma sintering （SPS）. The relevant productions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The XRD showed that the W-2 wt.%Y2O3 composite powder, including tungsten matrix and Y2O3 particles, was refined to nanometer sizes during the MA process. The SEM and TEM micrographs showed that the MA produced composite powder presented a lamellar morphology and contained many dislocations and microcracks. The EDS showed that the Y and O elements were uniformly distributed in the W matrix after mechanically alloying for 15 h. The W-2 wt.%Y2O3 composite material with uniform distribution of yttrium was obtained by sintering of the MA produced composite powder.展开更多
The sonocatalytic damage of bovine serum albumin （BSA） was studied in the presence of nanometer titanium dioxide （TiO2） powders by low frequency （80 kHz） ultrasound. The destruction of secondary structure and ch...The sonocatalytic damage of bovine serum albumin （BSA） was studied in the presence of nanometer titanium dioxide （TiO2） powders by low frequency （80 kHz） ultrasound. The destruction of secondary structure and change of α-helical structure of BSA were reflected by ultraviolet （UV） and circular dichroism （CD） spectroscopies.展开更多
Ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) precursor was synthesized by the precipitation reaction of aluminum sulfate and ammonium carbonate. Then the precursor was dealt with five drying methods including ordinary...Ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) precursor was synthesized by the precipitation reaction of aluminum sulfate and ammonium carbonate. Then the precursor was dealt with five drying methods including ordinary drying, alcohol exchange, vacuum freeze-drying, glycol distillation, n-butanol azeotropic distillation respectively and calcined at 1 200 ℃ for 2 h to get α-Al2O3. The effects of drying methods on preparation of nanometer α-Al2O3 were discussed, and the optimal drying method was confirmed. The structural properties of powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and BET measurements. The results show that vacuum freeze-drying, glycol distillation and n-butanol azeotropic distillation can prevent the powders from aggregating, and among them the n-butanol azeotropic distillation is the best method. The nanometer α-Al2O3 powder with non-aggregation can be manufactured using n-butanol azeotropic distillation and the average particle size is about 40 nm.展开更多
A new nanometer material, nano-Al2O3 with carbon fibre as the carrier, was employed for the removal of Cd with low concentrations from polluted water. The characterization of the material was carried out by means of S...A new nanometer material, nano-Al2O3 with carbon fibre as the carrier, was employed for the removal of Cd with low concentrations from polluted water. The characterization of the material was carried out by means of SEM and TEM. Batch adsorption and elution experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption properties of Cd on the new adsorbent. The classical Thomas model was applied to estimating the equilibrium coefficients of Cd adsorption and the saturated adsorption ability. The results show that the Thomas model is fit for describing the kinetic adsorption process, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the nanometer Al2O3/carbon is 69.29 mg/g. The resulting information also indicates that the desorption of Cd eluted with de-ionized water at a rate of 9.8 mL/min can be neglected. With the advantage of a high adsorption capacity for removing low concentration Cd, the Al2O3/carbon fibre possesses the potentiality to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cd from polluted water.展开更多
Spherical, monodispersed europium hydroxycarbonate particles wereobtained by homogeneous precipitation with urea in aqueous solution of Eu.(NO3)3at elevated temperature.The particles were readily converted to the unif...Spherical, monodispersed europium hydroxycarbonate particles wereobtained by homogeneous precipitation with urea in aqueous solution of Eu.(NO3)3at elevated temperature.The particles were readily converted to the uniformEu2O3 with average particle size of 50nm after calcined at 750℃.展开更多
The nanometer MnO2 has outstanding electrochemical performance theoretically, but it is not suitable for actual utilization, which may result in capacity decrease and resource waste. In this study we have utilized the...The nanometer MnO2 has outstanding electrochemical performance theoretically, but it is not suitable for actual utilization, which may result in capacity decrease and resource waste. In this study we have utilized the characterizations of the nanometer material, synthesized a type of nanometer α-MnO2 through KMnO4 and KNO3 with hydrothermal method, and mixed the products into micron electrolytic manganese dioxide （EMD） to enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrode.The cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatical discharge measurements of the samples were investigated. It is found that the 50﹪ nanometer MnO2 mixed electrode has the best electrochemical performance. The electrochemical performance improvement mechanism of the sample nanometer MnO2 mixed into micron EMD was discussed. With the existence of electrolyte, the nanometer MnO2 particles filled into the interspaces of the micron EMD particles, the mass and charge transfer conditions of the electrode reaction were improved, and the electrode polarization was diminished.展开更多
文摘Nanometer TiO 2 powders were obtained from TiOSO 4 and studied by XRD, TEM and BET. The result indicated that pH and heat treatment temperature have great effects on their grain size and crystal phase structure. Annealed at 500 ℃, nanometer TiO 2 with a specific surface area of 101.39 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 10 nm were obtained(pH=5); and with a specific surface area of 95.48 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 30 nm were obtained(pH=10). The research indicated that crystal phase transformation of rutile at 750 ℃made great promotion in grain size growth.
文摘Nanometer TiO 2 powders were obtained from TiOSO 4 and studied by XRD, TEM and BET. The result indicated that pH and heat treatment temperature have great effects on their grain size and crystal phase structure. Annealed at 500 ℃, nanometer TiO 2 with a specific surface area of 101.39 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 10 nm were obtained(pH=5); and with a specific surface area of 95.48 m 2 ·g -1 and a grain size about 30 nm were obtained(pH=10). The research indicated that crystal phase transformation of rutile at 750 ℃made great promotion in grain size growth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20803093,20833011,20525621)the Doctor Select Foundation for the University of State Education Ministry (200804251016)+1 种基金the Beijing Outstanding Ph.D.Thesis Foundation (YB 20091141401)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (SQ2009AA06Z3488052)
文摘The nanometer CeO2 powder was prepared by the method of microwave-assisted heating hydrolysis,and the nanometer CeO2-supported or ordinary CeO2-supported vanadia catalysts with different vanadium loadings(atomic ratios:100V/Ce=0.1,1,4,10,and 20) were prepared by an incipient-wetness impregnation method.Spectroscopic techniques(XRD,FT-IR,Raman and UV-Vis DRS) were utilized to characterize the structures of VOx/CeO2 catalysts.The results showed that the structures of CeO2-supported vanadium oxide catalysts de...
基金This project is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.s 50272049, 50072016) The Excellent Young Teachers Program of MOE, China (No. (2002)350)
文摘Two kinds of TiO_2 nanometer thin films were prepared on stainless steel bythe reverse micellar and sol-gel methods, respectively. The calcined TiO_ 2 thin films werecharacterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), BET surface area and X-rayphotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalyticdecoloration of methyl orange aqueous solution. The results showed that the TiO_2 thin filmsprepared by reverse micellar method (designated as RM-TiO_2 films) showed higher photocatalyticactivity than those by sol-gel method (designated as SG-TiO_2 films). This is attributed to the factthat the former is composed of smaller monodispersed spherical particles with a size of about 15 nmand possesses higher surface areas.
文摘Nanometer α-Fe2O3 catalysts were prepared by hydrolyzation in high temperature. Three kinds of precipitators, NaOH, （NH4）2CO3 and urea were used to compare the effect in the process of hydrolyzation. Nanometer sizer, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were employed to test the profiles and diameters of the product particles. The test results indicate that the production is nanometer α-Fe2O3 with narrow particle size distribution （PSD） and good dispersibility. The catalysts are mixed with ammonia perchlorate （AP） in 1.0 wt.%. And the composite particles of catalysts with AP are prepared using a new solvent-nonsolvent method. Differential thermal analyzer （DTA） is employed to analysis the thermal decomposition of the composite particles and pure AP sample. The results imply that the thermal decomposition curve peaks of the samples in which nanometer α-Fe2O3 catalysts are added appear comparatively more ahead than that of pure AP sample. Among these mixtures added nanometer material, the smaller the particle diameter of catalyst is, the more ahead the thermal decomposition curve peaks of AP appear. The high and low temperature thermal decomposition curve peaks of AP mixed with the catalyst deposed by urea are more ahead of 77.8?℃ and 9.7?℃ than that of pure AP, respectively. The mechanism of the catalyst deposed by urea with smaller diameter and the distinct catalysis of the particles on the thermal decomposition of AP are discussed.
基金Foundation item: The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20371023)
文摘The nanometer and ordinary anatase titanium dioxide(TiO_2) powders were adopted as the sonocatalysts for the degradation of methyl orange used as a model compound for the first time. It was found that the sonocatalytic degradation effect of methyl orange in the presence of TiO_2 powder were much better than that without TiO_2, but the sonocatalytic activity of the nanometer anatase TiO_2 particle was obviously higher than that of ordinary anatase TiO_2 particle. Although there are many factors influencing sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange, the experimental results showed that the best degradation ratio of methyl orange could be obtained when the experimental conditions were: initial concentration 15 mg/L, nanometer anatase TiO_2 adding amount 750 mg/L, ultrasonic frequency 40 kHz, output power 50 W, pH = 3.0 and temperature 40℃ within 150 min. In addition, the catalytic activity of reused nanometer anatase TiO_2 catalyst was also studied and found to decline gradually comparing with initial nanometer anatase TiO_2 catalyst. All experiments indicated that the method of the sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of TiO_2 powder was an advisable choice for non- or low-transparent organic wastewaters.
文摘The transparent anatase TiO 2 nanometer thin films were prepared by the sol-gel method on soda-lime glass.X-ray diffraction,thermal analysis and UV-visible spectrophotometer were used to analyze the formation of the phases.Only increasing the heat-treatment time,the average grain size has no obvious change.The mechanism of grain growth in TiO 2 thin film is probably as follows:the grain of coating will become grain core later;TiO 2 sol constantly deposited on the surface of TiO 2 grain and formed membrane with increasing of coating cycle times;TiO 2 grain in the film grow steadily.
文摘Nanometer Al_2O_3 is one of new types of functional materials with broad application and development prospects in the future. The basic principle and ways of nanometer Al_2O_3 fabricated using sol-gel technique were introduced, and the factors affecting nanometer Al_2O_3 fabricated using sol-gel method were analyzed. The progress in research on nanometer Al_2O_3 and the application fields of nanometer Al_2O_3 were reviewed. The existing problems and the problems prospect for nanometer Al_2O_3 were pointed out.
文摘By loading nanometer anatase onto exfoliated graphite with the sol-gel method, exfoliated graphite-TiO2 composite （EG-TiO2） can be prepared, which can adsorb oil and can also degrade oil. In a technologic condition for preparing EG-TiO2, the impregnated number of times is the most important factor to influence oil-adsorbing capability, that is, when the impregnated number of times increases, the amount of saturation-adsorbed oil decreases. The study of EG-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of machine oil based on the weight-loss method and infrared spectrum method indicates that EG-TiO2 has obvious effect of photocatalytic degradation for machine oil. Its performance is superior to pure nanometer TiO2 powder because nanometer TiO2 in EG-TiO2 has three-dimension laminar structure and comparatively high adsorption capability.
文摘W-2 wt.%Y2O3 composite material with uniform distribution of yttrium element was fabricated through processes of mechanical alloying （MA） and spark plasma sintering （SPS）. The relevant productions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The XRD showed that the W-2 wt.%Y2O3 composite powder, including tungsten matrix and Y2O3 particles, was refined to nanometer sizes during the MA process. The SEM and TEM micrographs showed that the MA produced composite powder presented a lamellar morphology and contained many dislocations and microcracks. The EDS showed that the Y and O elements were uniformly distributed in the W matrix after mechanically alloying for 15 h. The W-2 wt.%Y2O3 composite material with uniform distribution of yttrium was obtained by sintering of the MA produced composite powder.
基金We greatly acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support.
文摘The sonocatalytic damage of bovine serum albumin （BSA） was studied in the presence of nanometer titanium dioxide （TiO2） powders by low frequency （80 kHz） ultrasound. The destruction of secondary structure and change of α-helical structure of BSA were reflected by ultraviolet （UV） and circular dichroism （CD） spectroscopies.
基金Project (5JJ30103) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China
文摘Ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) precursor was synthesized by the precipitation reaction of aluminum sulfate and ammonium carbonate. Then the precursor was dealt with five drying methods including ordinary drying, alcohol exchange, vacuum freeze-drying, glycol distillation, n-butanol azeotropic distillation respectively and calcined at 1 200 ℃ for 2 h to get α-Al2O3. The effects of drying methods on preparation of nanometer α-Al2O3 were discussed, and the optimal drying method was confirmed. The structural properties of powders were characterized by XRD, SEM and BET measurements. The results show that vacuum freeze-drying, glycol distillation and n-butanol azeotropic distillation can prevent the powders from aggregating, and among them the n-butanol azeotropic distillation is the best method. The nanometer α-Al2O3 powder with non-aggregation can be manufactured using n-butanol azeotropic distillation and the average particle size is about 40 nm.
基金Supported by the Starting Foundation for Graduated Doctors in Jilin University(No.420010302353).
文摘A new nanometer material, nano-Al2O3 with carbon fibre as the carrier, was employed for the removal of Cd with low concentrations from polluted water. The characterization of the material was carried out by means of SEM and TEM. Batch adsorption and elution experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption properties of Cd on the new adsorbent. The classical Thomas model was applied to estimating the equilibrium coefficients of Cd adsorption and the saturated adsorption ability. The results show that the Thomas model is fit for describing the kinetic adsorption process, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the nanometer Al2O3/carbon is 69.29 mg/g. The resulting information also indicates that the desorption of Cd eluted with de-ionized water at a rate of 9.8 mL/min can be neglected. With the advantage of a high adsorption capacity for removing low concentration Cd, the Al2O3/carbon fibre possesses the potentiality to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of Cd from polluted water.
文摘Spherical, monodispersed europium hydroxycarbonate particles wereobtained by homogeneous precipitation with urea in aqueous solution of Eu.(NO3)3at elevated temperature.The particles were readily converted to the uniformEu2O3 with average particle size of 50nm after calcined at 750℃.
基金This paper is supported by Chenguang Program for Young Scientists of Wuhan, Hubei Province (No. 20065004116-22).
文摘The nanometer MnO2 has outstanding electrochemical performance theoretically, but it is not suitable for actual utilization, which may result in capacity decrease and resource waste. In this study we have utilized the characterizations of the nanometer material, synthesized a type of nanometer α-MnO2 through KMnO4 and KNO3 with hydrothermal method, and mixed the products into micron electrolytic manganese dioxide （EMD） to enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrode.The cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatical discharge measurements of the samples were investigated. It is found that the 50﹪ nanometer MnO2 mixed electrode has the best electrochemical performance. The electrochemical performance improvement mechanism of the sample nanometer MnO2 mixed into micron EMD was discussed. With the existence of electrolyte, the nanometer MnO2 particles filled into the interspaces of the micron EMD particles, the mass and charge transfer conditions of the electrode reaction were improved, and the electrode polarization was diminished.
