Cell nanoencapsulation is a novel delivery system based on a self-assembly technique mediated by electrostatic interactions called Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition, without an increase in volume implant because of the ...Cell nanoencapsulation is a novel delivery system based on a self-assembly technique mediated by electrostatic interactions called Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition, without an increase in volume implant because of the nanometric thickness of its layers. LbL coats the entire surface of individual cells, providing mechanical resistance to cells against manipulation and storage conditions prior to implantation in the patient. In this work, single-cell nanocapsule formation using human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) given their potentiality in regenerative medicine was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and Zeta potential assays. Both methodologies were conclusive in showing layer-by-layer nanocapsule formation of every single ADSC. Significant differences in terms of viability and cell functionality preservation were observed depending on the polycation used. Using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and fluorimetric assays, we found that cell survival after nanocapsulation was only efficient when chitosan was added to cells. These results were consistent with other cell types used in this study. Other polycations such as poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) markedly decreased cell viability (22%, 11% and 15%, respectively). In addition, the use of potassium-enriched saline solutions, such as Hanks and Ringer’s solution, during the nanoencapsulation process on ADSCs was harmful on cell viability compared to standard media (36% vs 79%, respectively). The addition of a mixture of polyanions such as hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate did not affect cell viability (79% and 81%). The combination of chitosan/hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate was also effective in preserving the cell functionality of ADSCs, including the proliferation and differentiation of these cells as assessed by MTT assay and microscopy, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that ADSCs can be successfully nanoencapsulated using a first layer of chitosan and a second layer of a combination of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate with a standard potassium concentration in the culture medium.展开更多
Nanocapsules (NC) of antioxidant rich fraction of roasted <span>Moringa </span>leaves were prepared using emulsion coacervation technique with alginate (ALG) and/or chitosan (CTS) as biopolymers. NC were c...Nanocapsules (NC) of antioxidant rich fraction of roasted <span>Moringa </span>leaves were prepared using emulsion coacervation technique with alginate (ALG) and/or chitosan (CTS) as biopolymers. NC were characterized based on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC). Substituting CTS with ALG in NC caused a reduction in particle size and PDI, and enhanced EE. Mean particle size dropped from 1209 nm in 1:3 to 413 nm in 3:1 ALG/CTS-NC;PDI decreased from 0.9% to 0.2% and zeta potential from </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">5.4 to </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">28.1 mV. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">highest EE (87.6%) and LC (13%) were obtained with ALG-CTS-NC (3:1). ALG-NC were spherical while both CTS and ALG-CTS-NC were ovoid. ALG and ALG-CTS-NC were oil/water emulsions while CTS-NC formed water/oil emulsions. 60% and 70% of bioactives in ALG-CTS-NC (3:1) were released in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids respectively after 400 min. Release of antioxidants from NC is concentration-dependent (First order model) and involves simultaneously diffusion (Higuchi model), swelling (korsmeyer-Peppas model) and erosion (Hixson-Crowell model) mechanisms.展开更多
Recently,the substance P(SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor(NK-1R)system has been found to be involved in various human pathophysiological disorders including the symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Besides,studies ...Recently,the substance P(SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor(NK-1R)system has been found to be involved in various human pathophysiological disorders including the symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Besides,studies in the oncological field have demonstrated an intricate correlation between the upregulation of NK-1R and the activation of SP/NK-1R system with the progression of multiple carcinoma types and poor clinical prognosis.These findings indicate that the modulation of SP/NK-1R system with NK-1R antagonists can be a potential broad-spectrum antitumor strategy.This review updates the latest potential and applications of NK-1R antagonists in the treatment of human diseases and cancers,as well as the underlying mechanisms.Furthermore,the strategies to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of NK-1R antagonist drugs are summarized,such as solid dispersion systems,nanonization,and nanoencapsulation.As a radiopharmaceutical therapeutic,the NK-1R antagonist aprepitant was originally developed as radioligand receptor to target NK-1R-overexpressing tumors.However,combining NK-1R antagonists with other drugs can produce a synergistic effect,thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect,alleviating the symptoms,and improving patients’quality of life in several diseases and cancers.展开更多
In this study,chlorogenic acid(CGA),a phenolic compound widely distributed in fruits and vegetables,was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation method.The particles exhibited the size and zeta poten...In this study,chlorogenic acid(CGA),a phenolic compound widely distributed in fruits and vegetables,was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation method.The particles exhibited the size and zeta potential of 210 nm and 33 mV respectively.A regular,spherical shaped distribution of nanoparticles was observed through scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and the success of entrapment was confirmed by FTIR analysis.The encapsulation efficiency of CGA was at about 59%with the loading efficiency of 5.2%.In vitro ABTS assay indicated that the radical scavenging activity of CAG was retained in the nanostructure and further,the release kinetics study revealed the burst release of 69%CGA from nanoparticles at the end of 100th hours.Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats showed a lower level of Cmax,longer Tmax,longer MRT,larger AUC0et and AUC0e∞for the CGA nanoparticles compared to free CGA.Collectively,these results suggest that the synthesised nanoparticle with sustained release property can therefore ease the fortification of food-matrices targeted for health benefits through effective delivery of CGA in body.展开更多
Recently,nanoencapsulation was introduced as an efficient and promising approach for the protection,delivery,and site-specific liberation of the nutraceuticals and bioactive ingredients.Food proteins are attractive ma...Recently,nanoencapsulation was introduced as an efficient and promising approach for the protection,delivery,and site-specific liberation of the nutraceuticals and bioactive ingredients.Food proteins are attractive materials for developing nanocarriers to protect and deliver bioactives due to their unique functional and biological properties.Food proteins extracted from animals and plants have the ability to form different nanostructures including nanoparticles,hollow particles,nanogels,nanofibrillar aggregates,electrospun nanofibers,nanotubular structures,and nanocomplexes.These nanostructured food proteins have been widely used as nanocarriers for the biologically active compounds and drugs.The release of bioactive compounds from nanocarriers depends mainly on pH as well as swelling and the degradation behavior of nanostructure in the simulated physiological conditions.This review presents the applications of the nanostructured food proteins for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds.The major techniques for the fabrication of nanocarriers are described.The encapsulation,protection,and release of bioactive compounds in different nanostructured food proteins were also discussed.展开更多
Biodegradable polymer based novel drug delivery systems brought a considerable attention in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of various drugs. 14-deoxy 11, 12-didehydro andrographolide(poorly wat...Biodegradable polymer based novel drug delivery systems brought a considerable attention in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of various drugs. 14-deoxy 11, 12-didehydro andrographolide(poorly water soluble compound) loaded polycaprolactone(nanoDDA) was synthesized using the solvent evaporation technique. Nano-DDA was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and dynamic light scattering(DLS) studies. Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy(FTIR) was used to investigate the structural interaction between the drug and the polymer. Functional characterization of the formulation was determined using drug content, cellular uptake and in vitro drug release. 2-deoxy-D-[1-~3H] glucose uptake assay was carried out to assess the antidiabetic potential of nano-DDA in L6 myotubes.The nano-DDA displayed spherical shape with a smooth surface(252.898 nm diameter), zeta potential, encapsulation and loading efficiencies of -38.9 mV, 91.98 ± 0.13% and 15.09 ± 0.18% respectively. No structural alteration between the drug and the polymer was evidenced(FTIR analysis). Confocal microscopy studies with rhodamine 123 loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles(Rh123-PCL NPs) revealed the internalization of Rh123-PCL NPs in a time dependent manner in L6 myoblasts. A dose dependent increase in glucose uptake was observed for nano-DDA with a maximal uptake of 108.54 ± 1.42% at 100 nM on L6 myotubes, thereby proving its anti-diabetic efficacy. A biphasic pattern of in vitro drug release demonstrated an initial burst release at 24 h followed by a sustained release for up to 11 days. To conclude,our results revealed that nano-DDA formulation can be a potent candidate for antidiabetic drug delivery.展开更多
Nano-encapsulation is a platform which offers a promising application for control release and the delivery of drugs in pharmaceuticals and antioxidant/ antimicrobial in food systems. Poly (lactic-co-glycolide acid) (P...Nano-encapsulation is a platform which offers a promising application for control release and the delivery of drugs in pharmaceuticals and antioxidant/ antimicrobial in food systems. Poly (lactic-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible co-polymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid which is used for synthesizing food based polymeric nanoparticles (NP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and physicochemical properties and the controlled release of bioactive components derived from Aloe vera gel loaded PLGA NP. The results shows the mean hydrodynamic diameter of the unloaded NP is 103 nm which is significantly (p < 0.01) smaller than the loaded freeze dried powered gel (FDG) (147 nm) and liquid gel (LG) (221 nm) and the particle size distribution given by the Poly-dispersity Index were 0.2, 0.2 and 0.3, respectively. The zeta potential for unloaded, FDG and LG NP were ±60, ±28 and ±22 mV, respectively, hence were electrokinetically stable NP. No significant (p > 0.05) inhibition of the antioxidant potential was observed with loaded NP. The entrapment efficiency for the FDG synthesized was 87%, and the burst effect was observed after 4 h as a result of the encapsulation effect. The release kinetics of bioactive is govern by the combination of mass diffusion and capillary action.展开更多
In this study, linoleic acid (LA) was encapsulated in the presence or absence of quercetin into a dual polymer system of whey protein and kappa-carrageenan using power ultrasound. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Flo...In this study, linoleic acid (LA) was encapsulated in the presence or absence of quercetin into a dual polymer system of whey protein and kappa-carrageenan using power ultrasound. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and FlowCam imaging technology were used for imaging and size determination of nano-and micro-capsules. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the freeze-dried nanocapsules. In order to examine the effect of water activity (aw) on the release profile of the encapsulated LA, the nanocapsules were equilibrated over saturated salt solution conditions corresponding to the range of aw between 0.333 and 0.769 in evacuated desiccators at room temperature. Gravimetric measurements of the steady state linoleic acid (LA) contents were conducted. The anti-oxidant activity of quercetin and the stability of encapsulated LA toward long term and thermally induced rancidity was investigated. The capsules were in the nanosize regime and 83% of the LA was effectively encapsulated. Furthermore, at aw of 0.764, the highest percentage of LA (74%) was released from the expelling nanocapsules. Quercetin was found to exhibit protective antioxidant effect against time-dependent oxidation and thermally induced rancidity of LA. Water activity values of 0.662 and 0.764 provided ideal humidity and pressure conditions for sustained release of nanoencapsulated LA at room temperature.展开更多
Comprehensive Summary Artificial cell wall(ACW)referring to active functional cellular nano-coatings is capable of providing more cell-shell synergic and cooperative properties than conventional single cell nanoencaps...Comprehensive Summary Artificial cell wall(ACW)referring to active functional cellular nano-coatings is capable of providing more cell-shell synergic and cooperative properties than conventional single cell nanoencapsulation(SCNE).With the development of SCNE,the issues of cytocompatibility,degradability,etc.,have already been improved successively.However,the further emphasis on the cooperativity between the cell itself and its shell is still missing and paying more attention on the functions of cellular hybrids.Recent research proved that the construction of nano-coating on cells not only needs to satisfy the functionalization of the single cells,but also is necessary to empower cells to interact with other cells and environments.This indicates that SCNEs on cells are tending to be more“active”to participate in the metabolic process of cells and gradually develop to the stage of ACWs.This review provided a reasonable description of artificial cell wall,and the realization of this concept requires cooperativity,self-adaption and fluxionality.Then,the methodologies of constructing ACWs were discussed.Finally,the applications were summarized accompanied by the potential outlook in the given fields.展开更多
The development of modern therapeutics has raised the requirement for controlled drug delivery system which is able to efficiently encapsulate bioactive agents and achieve their release at a desired rate satisfying th...The development of modern therapeutics has raised the requirement for controlled drug delivery system which is able to efficiently encapsulate bioactive agents and achieve their release at a desired rate satisfying the need of the practical system.In this study,two kind of aqueous model drugs with different molecule weight,Congo red and albumin from bovine serum(BSA)were nanoencapsulated in poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres by emulsion electrospray.In the preparation process,the aqueous phase of drugs was added into the PLGA chloroform solution to form the emulsion solution.The emulsion was then electrosprayed to fabricate drugnanoencapsulated PLGA microspheres.The morphology of the PLGA microspheres was affected by the volume ratio of aqueous drug phase and organic PLGA phase(V_(w)/V_(o))and the molecule weight of model drugs.Confocal laser scanning microcopy showed the nanodroplets of drug phase were scattered in the PLGA microspheres homogenously with different distribution patterns related to V_(w)/V_(o).With the increase of the volume ratio of aqueous drug phase,the number of nanodroplets increased forming continuous phase gradually that could accelerate drug release rate.Moreover,BSA showed a slower release rate from PLGA microspheres comparing to Congo red,which indicated the drug release rate could be affected by not only V_(w)/V_(o)but also the molecule weight of model drug.In brief,the PLGA microspheres prepared using emulsion electrospray provided an efficient and simple systemto achieve controlled drug release at a desired rate satisfying the need of the practices.展开更多
Some of the most commonly used agri-food products worldwide are vegetable and fruit-based products that are rich in bioactive compounds such as vitamins,polyphenols,and other antioxidants.However,many of these molecul...Some of the most commonly used agri-food products worldwide are vegetable and fruit-based products that are rich in bioactive compounds such as vitamins,polyphenols,and other antioxidants.However,many of these molecules are sensitive and susceptible to oxidation and degradation during food processing,particularly when exposed to heat.This review examines the effect of encapsulation on bioactive compounds and how encapsulation technologies can be leveraged in the food industry to protect and optimize the functional properties of naturally occurring food bioactives.Encapsulation can also assist with the creation of desirable sensory attributes(e.g.,aroma,texture,color,and taste),thus playing a major role in the design and development of novel foods and beverages.Encapsulation is one of the few technologies experiencing continued growth due to its unique potentialities,high versatility and extensive range of applications.Various types of food grade encapsulating materials,also known as wall,coating,shell or carrier,can be employed,including proteins,polysaccharides(e.g.,gums),other biopolymers,and lipids.Encapsulation owes its success to its proven record as an effective process for preserving the encapsulated bioactives from the surrounding conditions,while assisting with optimized delivery and controlled release of the transported active compounds.Among the multiple variations and applications of encapsulation,micro-and nanoencapsulation of food-derived bioactives are the main focus of this review,which discusses the underlying principles,technological developments,as well as current and foreseeable applications aimed at protecting and enhancing the functionalities of biologically active ingredients in food systems.展开更多
Spirulina is a microalga that is well-known for its high protein content and biological activities directly related to its antioxidant capacity.The objective of this study was to produce fast-dissolving antioxidant na...Spirulina is a microalga that is well-known for its high protein content and biological activities directly related to its antioxidant capacity.The objective of this study was to produce fast-dissolving antioxidant nanofibers based on Spirulina protein concentrate (SPC) and gelatin using needleless electrospinning technique.The effect of mixing ratios of SPC (10% w/w) and gelatin (20% w/w) on the viscosity,electrical conductivity and surface tension of electrospinning solutions as well as diameter and morphology of resulting nanofibers was investigated.Increasing the SPC level in the solution blends resulted in a decrease in apparent viscosity and electrical conductivity and an almost stable trend in surface tension (29.25–32.19 mN/m) that led to diminish of diameter of the nanofibers.Scanning electron microscopy images showed that SPC/gelatin ratio of 40:60 led to the production of uniform and bead-free nanofibers with a relatively smaller average diameter (208.7 ± 46.5 nm).Atomic force microscopy images indicated mesh-like,fibrillary,and bead-free structures.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the formation of composite nanofibers and intermolecular interactions between both proteins.X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis showed higher amorphous structure and stability of produced SPC/gelatin nanofibers in comparison to pure materials which was favorable for formation of stable fast-dissolving fibers.Results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed that the antioxidant activity of composite nanofibers significantly improved with increasing SPC mixing ratio (p < 0.05).The dissolution test demonstrated that SPC/gelatin nanofibers can be rapidly dissolved in aqueous medium within 2 s.Finally,the results indicated that the electrospun SPC/gelatin nanofibers could be potentially used for nutraceutical delivery in food and packaging applications under high humidity.展开更多
Capsaicin is an alkaloid molecule with outstanding biological activity.Several reports have shown that capsaicin exerts significant antitumoral effects in several cancer cell lines,including gliomas.However,its applic...Capsaicin is an alkaloid molecule with outstanding biological activity.Several reports have shown that capsaicin exerts significant antitumoral effects in several cancer cell lines,including gliomas.However,its application has been very limited due to its hydrophobicity,low affinity,and short life span.Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of brain malignant tumors with increasing prevalence worldwide.Standard therapy against these tumors generally includes resection by surgery,radiation,and chemotherapy or their combination.However,elicitation of tumor resistance to chemical or radiation treatments remains one of the main challenges to be resolved,particularly in the case of glioblastomas.Nanotechnology is an innovative approach to the treatment of Central Nervous System diseases and especially to gliomas treatment.Indeed,the use of nanotherapeutic formulations offers several advantages over the conventional methods of drug delivery therapy.In this review,we analyzed the current literature regarding the development of capsaicin-loaded nanoparticles as a promising approach for the treatment of malignant brain tumors.展开更多
文摘Cell nanoencapsulation is a novel delivery system based on a self-assembly technique mediated by electrostatic interactions called Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition, without an increase in volume implant because of the nanometric thickness of its layers. LbL coats the entire surface of individual cells, providing mechanical resistance to cells against manipulation and storage conditions prior to implantation in the patient. In this work, single-cell nanocapsule formation using human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) given their potentiality in regenerative medicine was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and Zeta potential assays. Both methodologies were conclusive in showing layer-by-layer nanocapsule formation of every single ADSC. Significant differences in terms of viability and cell functionality preservation were observed depending on the polycation used. Using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and fluorimetric assays, we found that cell survival after nanocapsulation was only efficient when chitosan was added to cells. These results were consistent with other cell types used in this study. Other polycations such as poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) markedly decreased cell viability (22%, 11% and 15%, respectively). In addition, the use of potassium-enriched saline solutions, such as Hanks and Ringer’s solution, during the nanoencapsulation process on ADSCs was harmful on cell viability compared to standard media (36% vs 79%, respectively). The addition of a mixture of polyanions such as hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate did not affect cell viability (79% and 81%). The combination of chitosan/hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate was also effective in preserving the cell functionality of ADSCs, including the proliferation and differentiation of these cells as assessed by MTT assay and microscopy, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that ADSCs can be successfully nanoencapsulated using a first layer of chitosan and a second layer of a combination of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate with a standard potassium concentration in the culture medium.
文摘Nanocapsules (NC) of antioxidant rich fraction of roasted <span>Moringa </span>leaves were prepared using emulsion coacervation technique with alginate (ALG) and/or chitosan (CTS) as biopolymers. NC were characterized based on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC). Substituting CTS with ALG in NC caused a reduction in particle size and PDI, and enhanced EE. Mean particle size dropped from 1209 nm in 1:3 to 413 nm in 3:1 ALG/CTS-NC;PDI decreased from 0.9% to 0.2% and zeta potential from </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">5.4 to </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">28.1 mV. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">highest EE (87.6%) and LC (13%) were obtained with ALG-CTS-NC (3:1). ALG-NC were spherical while both CTS and ALG-CTS-NC were ovoid. ALG and ALG-CTS-NC were oil/water emulsions while CTS-NC formed water/oil emulsions. 60% and 70% of bioactives in ALG-CTS-NC (3:1) were released in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids respectively after 400 min. Release of antioxidants from NC is concentration-dependent (First order model) and involves simultaneously diffusion (Higuchi model), swelling (korsmeyer-Peppas model) and erosion (Hixson-Crowell model) mechanisms.
基金This work was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LD22H310004)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2022C03005),China.
文摘Recently,the substance P(SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor(NK-1R)system has been found to be involved in various human pathophysiological disorders including the symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Besides,studies in the oncological field have demonstrated an intricate correlation between the upregulation of NK-1R and the activation of SP/NK-1R system with the progression of multiple carcinoma types and poor clinical prognosis.These findings indicate that the modulation of SP/NK-1R system with NK-1R antagonists can be a potential broad-spectrum antitumor strategy.This review updates the latest potential and applications of NK-1R antagonists in the treatment of human diseases and cancers,as well as the underlying mechanisms.Furthermore,the strategies to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of NK-1R antagonist drugs are summarized,such as solid dispersion systems,nanonization,and nanoencapsulation.As a radiopharmaceutical therapeutic,the NK-1R antagonist aprepitant was originally developed as radioligand receptor to target NK-1R-overexpressing tumors.However,combining NK-1R antagonists with other drugs can produce a synergistic effect,thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect,alleviating the symptoms,and improving patients’quality of life in several diseases and cancers.
基金supported by DRDO,India.The authors are also thankful to the Director,DFRL,and Mysore for providing technical support and valuable suggestions.
文摘In this study,chlorogenic acid(CGA),a phenolic compound widely distributed in fruits and vegetables,was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation method.The particles exhibited the size and zeta potential of 210 nm and 33 mV respectively.A regular,spherical shaped distribution of nanoparticles was observed through scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and the success of entrapment was confirmed by FTIR analysis.The encapsulation efficiency of CGA was at about 59%with the loading efficiency of 5.2%.In vitro ABTS assay indicated that the radical scavenging activity of CAG was retained in the nanostructure and further,the release kinetics study revealed the burst release of 69%CGA from nanoparticles at the end of 100th hours.Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats showed a lower level of Cmax,longer Tmax,longer MRT,larger AUC0et and AUC0e∞for the CGA nanoparticles compared to free CGA.Collectively,these results suggest that the synthesised nanoparticle with sustained release property can therefore ease the fortification of food-matrices targeted for health benefits through effective delivery of CGA in body.
基金The support of University of Tehran and Iran National Science Foundation(INSF)is acknowledged.
文摘Recently,nanoencapsulation was introduced as an efficient and promising approach for the protection,delivery,and site-specific liberation of the nutraceuticals and bioactive ingredients.Food proteins are attractive materials for developing nanocarriers to protect and deliver bioactives due to their unique functional and biological properties.Food proteins extracted from animals and plants have the ability to form different nanostructures including nanoparticles,hollow particles,nanogels,nanofibrillar aggregates,electrospun nanofibers,nanotubular structures,and nanocomplexes.These nanostructured food proteins have been widely used as nanocarriers for the biologically active compounds and drugs.The release of bioactive compounds from nanocarriers depends mainly on pH as well as swelling and the degradation behavior of nanostructure in the simulated physiological conditions.This review presents the applications of the nanostructured food proteins for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds.The major techniques for the fabrication of nanocarriers are described.The encapsulation,protection,and release of bioactive compounds in different nanostructured food proteins were also discussed.
文摘Biodegradable polymer based novel drug delivery systems brought a considerable attention in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of various drugs. 14-deoxy 11, 12-didehydro andrographolide(poorly water soluble compound) loaded polycaprolactone(nanoDDA) was synthesized using the solvent evaporation technique. Nano-DDA was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and dynamic light scattering(DLS) studies. Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy(FTIR) was used to investigate the structural interaction between the drug and the polymer. Functional characterization of the formulation was determined using drug content, cellular uptake and in vitro drug release. 2-deoxy-D-[1-~3H] glucose uptake assay was carried out to assess the antidiabetic potential of nano-DDA in L6 myotubes.The nano-DDA displayed spherical shape with a smooth surface(252.898 nm diameter), zeta potential, encapsulation and loading efficiencies of -38.9 mV, 91.98 ± 0.13% and 15.09 ± 0.18% respectively. No structural alteration between the drug and the polymer was evidenced(FTIR analysis). Confocal microscopy studies with rhodamine 123 loaded polycaprolactone nanoparticles(Rh123-PCL NPs) revealed the internalization of Rh123-PCL NPs in a time dependent manner in L6 myoblasts. A dose dependent increase in glucose uptake was observed for nano-DDA with a maximal uptake of 108.54 ± 1.42% at 100 nM on L6 myotubes, thereby proving its anti-diabetic efficacy. A biphasic pattern of in vitro drug release demonstrated an initial burst release at 24 h followed by a sustained release for up to 11 days. To conclude,our results revealed that nano-DDA formulation can be a potent candidate for antidiabetic drug delivery.
文摘Nano-encapsulation is a platform which offers a promising application for control release and the delivery of drugs in pharmaceuticals and antioxidant/ antimicrobial in food systems. Poly (lactic-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible co-polymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid which is used for synthesizing food based polymeric nanoparticles (NP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and physicochemical properties and the controlled release of bioactive components derived from Aloe vera gel loaded PLGA NP. The results shows the mean hydrodynamic diameter of the unloaded NP is 103 nm which is significantly (p < 0.01) smaller than the loaded freeze dried powered gel (FDG) (147 nm) and liquid gel (LG) (221 nm) and the particle size distribution given by the Poly-dispersity Index were 0.2, 0.2 and 0.3, respectively. The zeta potential for unloaded, FDG and LG NP were ±60, ±28 and ±22 mV, respectively, hence were electrokinetically stable NP. No significant (p > 0.05) inhibition of the antioxidant potential was observed with loaded NP. The entrapment efficiency for the FDG synthesized was 87%, and the burst effect was observed after 4 h as a result of the encapsulation effect. The release kinetics of bioactive is govern by the combination of mass diffusion and capillary action.
文摘In this study, linoleic acid (LA) was encapsulated in the presence or absence of quercetin into a dual polymer system of whey protein and kappa-carrageenan using power ultrasound. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and FlowCam imaging technology were used for imaging and size determination of nano-and micro-capsules. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the freeze-dried nanocapsules. In order to examine the effect of water activity (aw) on the release profile of the encapsulated LA, the nanocapsules were equilibrated over saturated salt solution conditions corresponding to the range of aw between 0.333 and 0.769 in evacuated desiccators at room temperature. Gravimetric measurements of the steady state linoleic acid (LA) contents were conducted. The anti-oxidant activity of quercetin and the stability of encapsulated LA toward long term and thermally induced rancidity was investigated. The capsules were in the nanosize regime and 83% of the LA was effectively encapsulated. Furthermore, at aw of 0.764, the highest percentage of LA (74%) was released from the expelling nanocapsules. Quercetin was found to exhibit protective antioxidant effect against time-dependent oxidation and thermally induced rancidity of LA. Water activity values of 0.662 and 0.764 provided ideal humidity and pressure conditions for sustained release of nanoencapsulated LA at room temperature.
基金We thank NSFC(22377022,22171058 and 22475056)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HIT.0CEF.2023040)China-German Mobility Programme(M-0470)for financial support.
文摘Comprehensive Summary Artificial cell wall(ACW)referring to active functional cellular nano-coatings is capable of providing more cell-shell synergic and cooperative properties than conventional single cell nanoencapsulation(SCNE).With the development of SCNE,the issues of cytocompatibility,degradability,etc.,have already been improved successively.However,the further emphasis on the cooperativity between the cell itself and its shell is still missing and paying more attention on the functions of cellular hybrids.Recent research proved that the construction of nano-coating on cells not only needs to satisfy the functionalization of the single cells,but also is necessary to empower cells to interact with other cells and environments.This indicates that SCNEs on cells are tending to be more“active”to participate in the metabolic process of cells and gradually develop to the stage of ACWs.This review provided a reasonable description of artificial cell wall,and the realization of this concept requires cooperativity,self-adaption and fluxionality.Then,the methodologies of constructing ACWs were discussed.Finally,the applications were summarized accompanied by the potential outlook in the given fields.
基金This work is partly supported by Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(20161080091,20131089199)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2016M591075)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572144).
文摘The development of modern therapeutics has raised the requirement for controlled drug delivery system which is able to efficiently encapsulate bioactive agents and achieve their release at a desired rate satisfying the need of the practical system.In this study,two kind of aqueous model drugs with different molecule weight,Congo red and albumin from bovine serum(BSA)were nanoencapsulated in poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres by emulsion electrospray.In the preparation process,the aqueous phase of drugs was added into the PLGA chloroform solution to form the emulsion solution.The emulsion was then electrosprayed to fabricate drugnanoencapsulated PLGA microspheres.The morphology of the PLGA microspheres was affected by the volume ratio of aqueous drug phase and organic PLGA phase(V_(w)/V_(o))and the molecule weight of model drugs.Confocal laser scanning microcopy showed the nanodroplets of drug phase were scattered in the PLGA microspheres homogenously with different distribution patterns related to V_(w)/V_(o).With the increase of the volume ratio of aqueous drug phase,the number of nanodroplets increased forming continuous phase gradually that could accelerate drug release rate.Moreover,BSA showed a slower release rate from PLGA microspheres comparing to Congo red,which indicated the drug release rate could be affected by not only V_(w)/V_(o)but also the molecule weight of model drug.In brief,the PLGA microspheres prepared using emulsion electrospray provided an efficient and simple systemto achieve controlled drug release at a desired rate satisfying the need of the practices.
基金This study is part of an ongoing project(146/2020)financially supported by the Deanship of Research,Jordan University of Science and Technology.
文摘Some of the most commonly used agri-food products worldwide are vegetable and fruit-based products that are rich in bioactive compounds such as vitamins,polyphenols,and other antioxidants.However,many of these molecules are sensitive and susceptible to oxidation and degradation during food processing,particularly when exposed to heat.This review examines the effect of encapsulation on bioactive compounds and how encapsulation technologies can be leveraged in the food industry to protect and optimize the functional properties of naturally occurring food bioactives.Encapsulation can also assist with the creation of desirable sensory attributes(e.g.,aroma,texture,color,and taste),thus playing a major role in the design and development of novel foods and beverages.Encapsulation is one of the few technologies experiencing continued growth due to its unique potentialities,high versatility and extensive range of applications.Various types of food grade encapsulating materials,also known as wall,coating,shell or carrier,can be employed,including proteins,polysaccharides(e.g.,gums),other biopolymers,and lipids.Encapsulation owes its success to its proven record as an effective process for preserving the encapsulated bioactives from the surrounding conditions,while assisting with optimized delivery and controlled release of the transported active compounds.Among the multiple variations and applications of encapsulation,micro-and nanoencapsulation of food-derived bioactives are the main focus of this review,which discusses the underlying principles,technological developments,as well as current and foreseeable applications aimed at protecting and enhancing the functionalities of biologically active ingredients in food systems.
文摘Spirulina is a microalga that is well-known for its high protein content and biological activities directly related to its antioxidant capacity.The objective of this study was to produce fast-dissolving antioxidant nanofibers based on Spirulina protein concentrate (SPC) and gelatin using needleless electrospinning technique.The effect of mixing ratios of SPC (10% w/w) and gelatin (20% w/w) on the viscosity,electrical conductivity and surface tension of electrospinning solutions as well as diameter and morphology of resulting nanofibers was investigated.Increasing the SPC level in the solution blends resulted in a decrease in apparent viscosity and electrical conductivity and an almost stable trend in surface tension (29.25–32.19 mN/m) that led to diminish of diameter of the nanofibers.Scanning electron microscopy images showed that SPC/gelatin ratio of 40:60 led to the production of uniform and bead-free nanofibers with a relatively smaller average diameter (208.7 ± 46.5 nm).Atomic force microscopy images indicated mesh-like,fibrillary,and bead-free structures.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the formation of composite nanofibers and intermolecular interactions between both proteins.X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis showed higher amorphous structure and stability of produced SPC/gelatin nanofibers in comparison to pure materials which was favorable for formation of stable fast-dissolving fibers.Results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities showed that the antioxidant activity of composite nanofibers significantly improved with increasing SPC mixing ratio (p < 0.05).The dissolution test demonstrated that SPC/gelatin nanofibers can be rapidly dissolved in aqueous medium within 2 s.Finally,the results indicated that the electrospun SPC/gelatin nanofibers could be potentially used for nutraceutical delivery in food and packaging applications under high humidity.
基金supported by CONACYT(Project FON.INST./44/2016 and A1-S51264 of Ciencia Básica).
文摘Capsaicin is an alkaloid molecule with outstanding biological activity.Several reports have shown that capsaicin exerts significant antitumoral effects in several cancer cell lines,including gliomas.However,its application has been very limited due to its hydrophobicity,low affinity,and short life span.Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of brain malignant tumors with increasing prevalence worldwide.Standard therapy against these tumors generally includes resection by surgery,radiation,and chemotherapy or their combination.However,elicitation of tumor resistance to chemical or radiation treatments remains one of the main challenges to be resolved,particularly in the case of glioblastomas.Nanotechnology is an innovative approach to the treatment of Central Nervous System diseases and especially to gliomas treatment.Indeed,the use of nanotherapeutic formulations offers several advantages over the conventional methods of drug delivery therapy.In this review,we analyzed the current literature regarding the development of capsaicin-loaded nanoparticles as a promising approach for the treatment of malignant brain tumors.
