Developing energy-efficient nitrite-to-ammonia(NO_(2)RR)conversion technologies while simultaneously enabling the electrochemical upcycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET)plastics into highvalue-added chemica...Developing energy-efficient nitrite-to-ammonia(NO_(2)RR)conversion technologies while simultaneously enabling the electrochemical upcycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET)plastics into highvalue-added chemicals is of great significance.Herein,an atomic oxygen vacancy(V_(o))engineering is developed to optimize the catalytic performance of V_(o2)-Co(OH)F nanoarray towards the NO_(2)RR and PET-derived ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR).The optimal V_(o2)-Co(OH)F achieves an ultralow operating potential of -0.03 V vs.RHE at -100 mA cm^(-2)and a remarkable NH_(3)Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 98.4% at -0.2 V vs.RHE for NO_(2)RR,and a high formate FE of 98.03% for EGOR.Operando spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations revealed that oxygen vacancies play a crucial role in optimizing the electronic structure of V_(o2)-Co(OH)F,modulating the adsorption free energies of key reaction intermediates,and lowering the reaction energy barrier,thereby enhancing its overall catalytic performance.Remarkably,the V_(o2)-Co(OH)F-based NO_(2)RR||EGOR electrolyzer realized high NH_(3)and formate yield rates of 33.9 and 44.9 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2)at 1.7 V,respectively,while demonstrating outstanding long-term stability over 100 h.This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts for co-electrolysis systems.展开更多
Electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)with fast frequency response are regarded as small-scale alternatives to the commercial bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors.Creating carbon-based nanoarray electrodes with pre...Electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)with fast frequency response are regarded as small-scale alternatives to the commercial bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors.Creating carbon-based nanoarray electrodes with precise alignment and smooth ion channels is crucial for enhancing EDLCs’performance.However,controlling the density of macropore-dominated nanoarray electrodes poses challenges in boosting the capacitance of line-filtering EDLCs.Herein,a simple technique to finely adjust the vertical-pore diameter and inter-spacing in three-dimensional nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide(3D-AAO)template is achieved,and 3D compactly arranged carbon tube(3D-CACT)nanoarrays are created as electrodes for symmetrical EDLCs using nanoporous 3D-AAO template-assisted chemical vapor deposition of carbon.The 3D-CACT electrodes demonstrate a high surface area of 253.0 m^(2) g^(−1),a D/G band intensity ratio of 0.94,and a C/O atomic ratio of 8.As a result,the high-density 3D-CT nanoarray-based sandwich-type EDLCs demonstrate a record high specific areal capacitance of 3.23 mF cm^(-2) at 120 Hz and exceptional fast frequency response due to the vertically aligned and highly ordered nanoarray of closely packed CT units.The 3D-CT nanoarray electrode-based EDLCs could serve as line filters in integrated circuits,aiding power system miniaturization.展开更多
Hierarchical ZnO@metal-organic framework @polyaniline(ZnO@MOF@PANI) core-shell nanorod arrays on carbon cloth has been fabricated by combining electrodeposition and hydrothermal method. Well-ordered Zn O nanorods not ...Hierarchical ZnO@metal-organic framework @polyaniline(ZnO@MOF@PANI) core-shell nanorod arrays on carbon cloth has been fabricated by combining electrodeposition and hydrothermal method. Well-ordered Zn O nanorods not only act as a scaffold for growth of MOF/PANI shell but also as Zn source for the formation of MOF. The morphology of ZnO@MOF@PANI composite is greatly influenced by the number of PANI electrodeposition cycles. Their structural and electrochemical properties were characterized with different techniques. The results indicate that the Zn O@MOF@PANI with 13 CV cycles of PANI deposition demonstrates the maximum specific capacitance of 340.7 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1, good rate capability with84.3% capacitance retention from 1.0 to 10 A g-1 and excellent cycling life of 82.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at high current density of 2.0 A g-1. This optimized core-shell nanoarchitecture endows the composite electrode with short ion diffusion pathway, rapid ion/electron transfer and high utilization of active materials, which thus result in excellent electrochemical performance of the ternary composite.展开更多
The present work proposes a novel strategy to fabricate an integrated architecture of gel polymer electrolyte （GPE）-nanoarray cathode for lithium-O2 batteries （LOBs）. As a proof-of-concept experiment, the photo-in...The present work proposes a novel strategy to fabricate an integrated architecture of gel polymer electrolyte （GPE）-nanoarray cathode for lithium-O2 batteries （LOBs）. As a proof-of-concept experiment, the photo-initiated in situ polymerization of GPE was carried out via incorporating the precursor solution in advance into a self- standing binder-free oxygen electrode of Co3O4 nanosheets array grown on carbon cloth （Co3O4@CC）, forming an integrated GPE-Co3O4@CC architecture. The performance of the solid-state LOBs using the GPE-Co3O4@CC assembly is greatly enhanced compared to the counterparts with a traditional cell structure, in which GPE was sandwiched by a lithium metal and a cathode. The enhanced performance is ascribed to the combination of the in situ polymerization of GPE and the versatile structure of nanoarray electrode, which results in abundant interfacial contacts between GPE and electrode. This work presents an alternative way to develop high-performance solid-state LOBs by combining the advantages of both gel polymer electrolytes and nanoarray electrodes.展开更多
Tailoring valence electron delocalization of transition metal center is of importance to achieve highly-active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we demonstrate a“poor sulfur”route to synthes...Tailoring valence electron delocalization of transition metal center is of importance to achieve highly-active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we demonstrate a“poor sulfur”route to synthesize surface electron-deficient Co_(9)S_(8) nanoarrays,where the binding energy(BE)of Co metal center is considerably higher than all reported Co_(9)S_(8)-based electrocatalysts.The resulting Co_(9)S_(8) electrocatalysts only require the overpotentials(h)of 265 and 326 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm^(-2) with a low Tafel slope of 56 mV dec^-(1) and a 60 hlasting stability in alkaline media.The OER kinetics are greatly expedited with a low reaction activation energy of 27.9 kJ mol^-(1) as well as abundant OOH*key intermediates(24%),thus exhibiting excellent catalytic performances.The surface electron-deficient engineering gives an available strategy to improve the catalytic activity of other advanced non-noble electrocatalysts.展开更多
In the present study,the process of droplet condensation on superhydrophobic nanoarrays is simulated using a multicomponent multi-phase lattice Boltzmann model.The results indicate that three typical nucleation modes ...In the present study,the process of droplet condensation on superhydrophobic nanoarrays is simulated using a multicomponent multi-phase lattice Boltzmann model.The results indicate that three typical nucleation modes of condensate droplets are produced by changing the geometrical parameters of nanoarrays.Droplets nucleated at the top（top-nucleation mode）,or in the upside interpillar space of nanoarrays（side-nucleation mode）,generate the non-wetting Cassie state,whereas the ones nucleated at the bottom corners between the nanoarrays（bottom-nucleation mode） present the wetting Wenzel state.Time evolutions of droplet pressures at the upside and downside of the liquid phase are analyzed to understand the wetting behaviors of the droplets condensed from different nucleation modes.The phenomena of droplet condensation on nanoarrays patterned with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions are simulated,indicating that the nucleation mode of condensate droplets can also be manipulated by modifying the local intrinsic wettability of nanoarray surface.The simulation results are compared well with the experimental observations reported in the literature.展开更多
The surface topography of implants plays a major role in osteogenesis and immunomodulation.In this study,three types of TiO_(2) nanoarrays including nanorod arrays with a diameter of 45 nm(TiO_(2)-N),nanorod arrays wi...The surface topography of implants plays a major role in osteogenesis and immunomodulation.In this study,three types of TiO_(2) nanoarrays including nanorod arrays with a diameter of 45 nm(TiO_(2)-N),nanorod arrays with a diameter of 60 nm(TiO_(2)-N N),and nanocone arrays(TiO_(2)-NW)are prepared on titanium and the behavior of bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)and polarization of macrophages are studied.Compared to the planar titanium control,TiO_(2) nanoarrays facilitate osteogenesis of BMSCs and stimulate the pro-healing M2 phenotype.However,adhesion,spreading,proliferation,and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs are more pronounced on TiO_(2)-N N than both TiO_(2)-N and TiO_(2)-NW.TiO_(2)-NN also produces the best immune microenvironment,while TiO_(2)-NW is more favorable than TiO_(2)-NN from the viewpoint of cell adhesion and spreading of osteoblasts.展开更多
Lithium(Li)metal is the most potential anode material for the next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries.However,intrinsic surface unevenness and‘hostless’nature of Li metal induces infinite volume effect an...Lithium(Li)metal is the most potential anode material for the next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries.However,intrinsic surface unevenness and‘hostless’nature of Li metal induces infinite volume effect and uncontrollable dendrite growth.Herein,we design the in-situ grown lithiophilic Ni_(2)P nanoarrays inside nickel foam(PNF).Uniform Ni_(2)P nanoarrays coating presents a very low nucleation overpotential,which induces the homogeneous Li deposition in the entire spaces of three-dimensional(3D)metal framework.Specifically,the lithiophilic Ni_(2)P nanoarrays possess characteristics of electrical conductivity and structural stability,which have almost no expansion and damage during repeating Li plating/stripping.Therefore,they chronically inhibit the growth of Li dendrites.This results in an outstanding Coulombic efficiency(CE)of 98% at 3 mA cm^(-2) and an ultra long cycling life over 2000 cycles with a low overpotential.Consequently,the PNF-Li||LiFePO_(4) battery maintains a capacity retention of 95.3% with a stable CE of 99.9% over 500 cycles at 2 C.展开更多
Transition metal oxide(TMO)nanoarrays are promising architecture designs for self-supporting oxygen electrodes to achieve high catalytic activities in lithium-oxygen(Li-O2)batteries.However,the poor conductive nature ...Transition metal oxide(TMO)nanoarrays are promising architecture designs for self-supporting oxygen electrodes to achieve high catalytic activities in lithium-oxygen(Li-O2)batteries.However,the poor conductive nature of TMOs and the confined growth of nanostructures on the limited surfaces of electrode substrates result in the low areal capacities of TMO nanoarray electrodes,which seriously deteriorates the intrinsically high energy densities of Li-O2 batteries.Herein,we propose a hybrid nanoarray architecture design that integrates the high electronic conductivity of carbon nanoflakes(CNFs)and the high catalytic activity of Co3 O4 nanosheets on carbon cloth(CC).Due to the synergistic effect of two differently featured components,the hybrid nanoarrays(Co3 O4-CNF@CC)achieve a high reversible capacity of3.14 mA h cm-2 that cannot be achieved by only single components.Further,CNFs grown on CC induce the three-dimensionally distributed growth of ultrafine Co3 O4 nanosheets to enable the efficient utilization of catalysts.Thus,with the high catalytic efficiency,hybrid Co3 O4-CNF@CC also achieves a more prolonged cycling life than pristine TMO nanoarrays.The present work provides a new strategy for improving the performance of nanoarray oxygen electrodes via the hybrid architecture design that integrates the intrinsic properties of each component and induces the three-dimensional distribution of catalysts.展开更多
The development of self-charging supercapacitor power cells(SCSPCs)has profound implications for smart electronic devices used in different fields.Here,we epitaxially electrodeposited Mo-and Fe-codoped MnO_(2)films on...The development of self-charging supercapacitor power cells(SCSPCs)has profound implications for smart electronic devices used in different fields.Here,we epitaxially electrodeposited Mo-and Fe-codoped MnO_(2)films on piezoelectric ZnO nanoarrays(NAs)grown on the flexible carbon cloth(denoted ZnO@Mo-Fe-MnO_(2)NAs).A self-charging supercapacitor power cell device was assembled with the Mo-and Fe-codoped MnO_(2)nanoarray electrode and poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)(PVDF-Trfe)piezoelectric film doped with BaTiO_(3)(BTO)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)(denoted PVDF-Trfe/CNTs/BTO).The self-charging supercapacitor power cell device exhibited an energy density of 30μWh cm^(-2)with a high power density of 40 mW cm^(-2)and delivered an excellent self-charging performance of 363 mV(10 N)driven by both the piezoelectric ZnO nanoarrays and the poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)piezoelectric film doped with BaTiO_(3)and carbon nanotubes.More intriguingly,the device could also be self-charged by 184 mV due to residual stress alone and showed excellent energy conversion efficiency and low self-discharge rate.This work illustrates for the first time the self-charging mechanism involving electrolyte ion migration driven by both electrodes and films.A comprehensive analysis strongly confirmed the important contribution of the piezoelectric ZnO nanoarrays in the self-charging process of the self-charging supercapacitor power cell device.This work provides novel directions and insights for the development of selfcharging supercapacitor power cells.展开更多
Two shapes of Co_3O_4 nanoarrays(i.e., nanosheets, nanowires) with different densities of exposed catalytic active sites were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method on Ni foam substrates and tested as the bi...Two shapes of Co_3O_4 nanoarrays(i.e., nanosheets, nanowires) with different densities of exposed catalytic active sites were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method on Ni foam substrates and tested as the binder/carbon free and free-standing cathodes for Li–O_2 batteries. Particularly, the single crystalline feature of Co_3O_4 nanosheets with a predominant high reactivity {112} exposed crystal plane and hierarchical porous nanostructure displayed better catalytic performance for both oxygen reduction reaction(during discharge process) and oxygen evolution reaction(during charge process). Li–O_2 battery with Co_3O_4 nanosheets cathode exhibited a higher discharge specific capacity(965 m Ah g^(-1)), lower discharge/charge over-potential and better cycling performance over 63 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1) with the specific capacity limited at 300 mAh g^(-1). The superior catalytic performance of Co_3O_4 nanosheets cathode is ascribed to the enlarging specific area and increasing the exposed Co^(3+) catalytic active sites within predominant {112} crystal plane which plays the key role in determining the adsorption energy for the reactants, enabling high round-trip efficiency and cyclic life.展开更多
Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silic...Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silicate hydroxide[Co_(2.5)Ni_(0.5)Si_(2)O_(5)(OH)_(4)]is vertically grown on a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)support(CNS@rGO).This is developed as a low-cost and prospective OER catalyst.Compared to cobalt or nickel silicate hydroxide@rGO(CS@rGO and NS@rGO,respectively)nanoarrays,the bimetal CNS@rGO nanoarray exhibits impressive OER performance with an overpotential of 307 mV@10 mA cm^(-2).This value is higher than that of CS@rGO and NS@rGO.The CNS@rGO nanoarray has an overpotential of 446 mV@100 mA cm^(-2),about 1.4 times that of the commercial RuO_(2)electrocatalyst.The achieved OER activity is superior to the state-of-the-art metal oxides/hydroxides and their derivatives.The vertically grown nanostructure and optimized metal-support electronic interactions play an indispensable role for OER performance improvement,including a fast electron transfer pathway,short proton/electron diffusion distance,more active metal centers,as well as optimized dualatomic electron density.Taking advantage of interlay chemical regulation and the in-situ growth method,the advanced-structural CNS@rGO nanoarrays provide a new horizon to the rational and flexible design of efficient and promising OER electrocatalysts.展开更多
We propose a facile facet regulation enabled by nanoarray architecture to achieve a high faradic efficiency of Fe_(2)O_(3) catalyst for NRR. The a-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanorod arrays (NAs) were directly grown on carbon cloth (...We propose a facile facet regulation enabled by nanoarray architecture to achieve a high faradic efficiency of Fe_(2)O_(3) catalyst for NRR. The a-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanorod arrays (NAs) were directly grown on carbon cloth (CC) with specific (104) facet exposure. The highly exposed (104) facets provide abundant unsaturated Fe atoms with dangling bonds as nitrogen reduction reaction catalytically active sites. In addition, the NAs architecture enables the enhanced electrochemical surface area (ECSA) to fully manifest the active sites and maintain the mass diffusion. Thus, the selectively exposed (104) facets coupled with the high ECSA of NAs architecture achieve a high FE of 14.89% and a high yield rate of 17.28 μg h^(-1) cm^(-2). This work presents an effective strategy to develop highly efficient catalytic electrodes for electrochemical NRR via facet regulation and nanoarray architecture.展开更多
We study the plasmonic properties of hybrid nanostructures consisting of double vacancy defected graphene(DVDGr)and metallic nanoarrays using the time-dependent density functional theory. It is found that DVDGr with p...We study the plasmonic properties of hybrid nanostructures consisting of double vacancy defected graphene(DVDGr)and metallic nanoarrays using the time-dependent density functional theory. It is found that DVDGr with pure and mixed noble/transition-metal nanoarrays can produce a stronger light absorption due to the coherent resonance of plasmons than graphene nanostructures. Comparing with the mixed Au/Pd nanoarrays, pure Au nanoarrays have stronger plasmonic enhancement. Furthermore, harmonics from the hybrid nanostructures exposed to the combination of lasers ranged from ultraviolet to infrared and a controlling pulse are investigated theoretically. The harmonic plateau can be broadened significantly and the energy of harmonic spectra is dramatically extended by the controlling pulse. Thus, it is possible to tune the width and intensity of harmonic spectrum to achieve broadband absorption of radiation. The methodology described here not only improves the understanding of the surface plasmon effect used in a DVDGr-metal optoelectronic device but also may be applicable to different optical technologies.展开更多
Trifunctional Cu-mesh/Cu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays heterostructure is designed and fabricated by integrating CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays onto Cu-mesh(CM)via an in situ growth and phase transformation process.It is successfully...Trifunctional Cu-mesh/Cu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays heterostructure is designed and fabricated by integrating CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays onto Cu-mesh(CM)via an in situ growth and phase transformation process.It is successfully applied to efficiently mitigate the antibiotic pollution,including degradation of antibiotics,inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB),and damage of antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs).Under visible-light irradiation,CM/CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays exhibit a superior degradation efficiency on antibiotics(e.g.,up to 99%in 25 min for tetracycline hydrochloride,TC),due to the generated reactive oxygen species(ROS),especially the dominant·O^(2−).It can fully inactivate E.coli(HB101)with initial number of~108 CFU mL^(−1) in 10 min,which is mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of 1D nanostructure,dissolved metal ions,and generated ROS.Meanwhile,it is able to damage ARGs after 180 min of photodegradation,including tetA(vs TC)of 3.3 log 10,aphA(vs kanamycin sulfate,KAN)of 3.4 log 10,and tnpA(vs ampicillin,AMP)of 4.4 log 10,respectively.This work explores a green way for treating antibiotic pollution under visible light.展开更多
Ammonia borane(AB)has been regarded as a promising candidate for chemical hydrogen storage but needs an efficient catalyst for hydrolytic hydrogen generation.In this communication,a CoP nanoarray in situ grown on a Ti...Ammonia borane(AB)has been regarded as a promising candidate for chemical hydrogen storage but needs an efficient catalyst for hydrolytic hydrogen generation.In this communication,a CoP nanoarray in situ grown on a Ti mesh(CoP NA/Ti)is reported as a robust non-noble-metal catalyst for effective hydrogen generation from AB hydrolysis.展开更多
Developing hierarchical electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance for electrochemical hydrogen production.Here,we describe the development of a hierarchical CuO@NiCo layered doubl...Developing hierarchical electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance for electrochemical hydrogen production.Here,we describe the development of a hierarchical CuO@NiCo layered double hydroxide core–shell nanoarray on copper foil (CuO@NiCo LDH/CF) as a 3D OER electrocatalyst.When tested in 1.0 M KOH,such CuO@NiCo LDH/CF offers superior catalytic activity with a geometrical catalytic current density of 20 mA cm^(−2) at an overpotential of only 256 mV.It also shows strong long-term electrochemical durability to retain its activity for at least 24 h.展开更多
Enhancing the activity of non-precious metal electrocatalysts is crucial for advancing anion exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzer technology.In this study,we synthesized an NiFeCo layered double hydroxide quantum dots(L...Enhancing the activity of non-precious metal electrocatalysts is crucial for advancing anion exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzer technology.In this study,we synthesized an NiFeCo layered double hydroxide quantum dots(LDHQDs)-modified NiCoP nanoarray(NiCoP NA)via a hydrothermal–phosphorization–electrostatic adsorption process(LDHQDs/NiCoP NA).The LDHQDs/NiCoP NA demonstrates overpotentials of 75 and 263 mV,respectively,to achieve current densities of 10 and 1000 mA cm^(−2)for the hydrogen evolution reaction.展开更多
Electrochemical reduction of nitrite(NO_(2)-)is considered as an eco-friendly and sustainable strategy for simultaneous NH_(3) production and NO_(2)-removal.However,electroreduction of NO_(2)-is a complex reaction inv...Electrochemical reduction of nitrite(NO_(2)-)is considered as an eco-friendly and sustainable strategy for simultaneous NH_(3) production and NO_(2)-removal.However,electroreduction of NO_(2)-is a complex reaction involving multi-electron transfer steps,thus requiring highly selective and active electrocatalysts.Herein,we report that amorphous CoB supported on TiO_(2) nanoarray acts as an efficient catalyst for NH_(3) synthesis via electrochemical NO_(2)-reduction.In 0.1 M Na2SO4 with 400 ppm NO_(2)-,such an electrocatalyst achieves an outstanding yield of 233.1μmol h^(-1) cm^(-2) and a high faradaic efficiency of 95.2%at-0.7 V.In addition,its performance remains stable during long-term electrolysis and cycling tests.展开更多
Developing high-performance room temperature semiconductor gas sensors through light activation has aroused great interest recently.However,the improvement in sensing performance is greatly hindered by the extremely h...Developing high-performance room temperature semiconductor gas sensors through light activation has aroused great interest recently.However,the improvement in sensing performance is greatly hindered by the extremely high recombination rate of photo-generated carriers and poor response to visible light.Herein,we present a novel approach involving the fabrication of a step-scheme(S-scheme)NiO/CdS semiconductor heterojunction nanoarray sensor,grown in situ on a commercial alumina flat surface.This sensor demonstrates efficient room temperature detection of triethylamine under low-power visible light activation(0.06 W),exhibiting a high response to 27.8 to 100 ppm triethylamine and remarkable longterm stability lasting over one year.The distinctive charge transfer mechanism inherent in S-scheme heterojunctions not only significantly enhances the separation of photo-generated carriers and improves their response to visible light,but also substantially amplifies the oxidation capability,which are responsible for the enhanced sensing performance.In addition,the strategy of in situ grown nanoarrays largely streamlines the manufacturing process and ensures the stability of devices.This study not only expands the application of S-scheme semiconductor heterojunctions in the realm of gas sensing,but also offers new insights into enhancing the performance of light-activated room temperature gas sensors through comprehensive designing of gas sensing materials and device structures.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205205)the Fundamental Research Funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(ZSTU,25262157Y)the staff of beamline BL11B and BL13SSW at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility for experimental support。
文摘Developing energy-efficient nitrite-to-ammonia(NO_(2)RR)conversion technologies while simultaneously enabling the electrochemical upcycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET)plastics into highvalue-added chemicals is of great significance.Herein,an atomic oxygen vacancy(V_(o))engineering is developed to optimize the catalytic performance of V_(o2)-Co(OH)F nanoarray towards the NO_(2)RR and PET-derived ethylene glycol oxidation reaction(EGOR).The optimal V_(o2)-Co(OH)F achieves an ultralow operating potential of -0.03 V vs.RHE at -100 mA cm^(-2)and a remarkable NH_(3)Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 98.4% at -0.2 V vs.RHE for NO_(2)RR,and a high formate FE of 98.03% for EGOR.Operando spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations revealed that oxygen vacancies play a crucial role in optimizing the electronic structure of V_(o2)-Co(OH)F,modulating the adsorption free energies of key reaction intermediates,and lowering the reaction energy barrier,thereby enhancing its overall catalytic performance.Remarkably,the V_(o2)-Co(OH)F-based NO_(2)RR||EGOR electrolyzer realized high NH_(3)and formate yield rates of 33.9 and 44.9 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2)at 1.7 V,respectively,while demonstrating outstanding long-term stability over 100 h.This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts for co-electrolysis systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91963202,52072372,52372241,52232007,12325203)HFIPS Director’s Fund(BJPY2023A07,YZJJ-GGZX-2022-01).
文摘Electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)with fast frequency response are regarded as small-scale alternatives to the commercial bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors.Creating carbon-based nanoarray electrodes with precise alignment and smooth ion channels is crucial for enhancing EDLCs’performance.However,controlling the density of macropore-dominated nanoarray electrodes poses challenges in boosting the capacitance of line-filtering EDLCs.Herein,a simple technique to finely adjust the vertical-pore diameter and inter-spacing in three-dimensional nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide(3D-AAO)template is achieved,and 3D compactly arranged carbon tube(3D-CACT)nanoarrays are created as electrodes for symmetrical EDLCs using nanoporous 3D-AAO template-assisted chemical vapor deposition of carbon.The 3D-CACT electrodes demonstrate a high surface area of 253.0 m^(2) g^(−1),a D/G band intensity ratio of 0.94,and a C/O atomic ratio of 8.As a result,the high-density 3D-CT nanoarray-based sandwich-type EDLCs demonstrate a record high specific areal capacitance of 3.23 mF cm^(-2) at 120 Hz and exceptional fast frequency response due to the vertically aligned and highly ordered nanoarray of closely packed CT units.The 3D-CT nanoarray electrode-based EDLCs could serve as line filters in integrated circuits,aiding power system miniaturization.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFE0131200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702098)+1 种基金International Cooperation Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee(15520721100,18520744400)Research Program supported by the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports of the Czech Republic(LTACH17015)
文摘Hierarchical ZnO@metal-organic framework @polyaniline(ZnO@MOF@PANI) core-shell nanorod arrays on carbon cloth has been fabricated by combining electrodeposition and hydrothermal method. Well-ordered Zn O nanorods not only act as a scaffold for growth of MOF/PANI shell but also as Zn source for the formation of MOF. The morphology of ZnO@MOF@PANI composite is greatly influenced by the number of PANI electrodeposition cycles. Their structural and electrochemical properties were characterized with different techniques. The results indicate that the Zn O@MOF@PANI with 13 CV cycles of PANI deposition demonstrates the maximum specific capacitance of 340.7 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1, good rate capability with84.3% capacitance retention from 1.0 to 10 A g-1 and excellent cycling life of 82.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at high current density of 2.0 A g-1. This optimized core-shell nanoarchitecture endows the composite electrode with short ion diffusion pathway, rapid ion/electron transfer and high utilization of active materials, which thus result in excellent electrochemical performance of the ternary composite.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21673169 and 51672205)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0202602)+1 种基金the Research Start-Up Fund from Wuhan University of Technologythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2016IVA083 and 2017IB005)
文摘The present work proposes a novel strategy to fabricate an integrated architecture of gel polymer electrolyte （GPE）-nanoarray cathode for lithium-O2 batteries （LOBs）. As a proof-of-concept experiment, the photo-initiated in situ polymerization of GPE was carried out via incorporating the precursor solution in advance into a self- standing binder-free oxygen electrode of Co3O4 nanosheets array grown on carbon cloth （Co3O4@CC）, forming an integrated GPE-Co3O4@CC architecture. The performance of the solid-state LOBs using the GPE-Co3O4@CC assembly is greatly enhanced compared to the counterparts with a traditional cell structure, in which GPE was sandwiched by a lithium metal and a cathode. The enhanced performance is ascribed to the combination of the in situ polymerization of GPE and the versatile structure of nanoarray electrode, which results in abundant interfacial contacts between GPE and electrode. This work presents an alternative way to develop high-performance solid-state LOBs by combining the advantages of both gel polymer electrolytes and nanoarray electrodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21838003,21808061 and 91534122)the Social Development Program of Shanghai(17DZ1200900)+1 种基金the Shanghai Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(18JC1410600)he Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(222201718002).
文摘Tailoring valence electron delocalization of transition metal center is of importance to achieve highly-active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we demonstrate a“poor sulfur”route to synthesize surface electron-deficient Co_(9)S_(8) nanoarrays,where the binding energy(BE)of Co metal center is considerably higher than all reported Co_(9)S_(8)-based electrocatalysts.The resulting Co_(9)S_(8) electrocatalysts only require the overpotentials(h)of 265 and 326 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm^(-2) with a low Tafel slope of 56 mV dec^-(1) and a 60 hlasting stability in alkaline media.The OER kinetics are greatly expedited with a low reaction activation energy of 27.9 kJ mol^-(1) as well as abundant OOH*key intermediates(24%),thus exhibiting excellent catalytic performances.The surface electron-deficient engineering gives an available strategy to improve the catalytic activity of other advanced non-noble electrocatalysts.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51101035,51371051,and 51306037)
文摘In the present study,the process of droplet condensation on superhydrophobic nanoarrays is simulated using a multicomponent multi-phase lattice Boltzmann model.The results indicate that three typical nucleation modes of condensate droplets are produced by changing the geometrical parameters of nanoarrays.Droplets nucleated at the top（top-nucleation mode）,or in the upside interpillar space of nanoarrays（side-nucleation mode）,generate the non-wetting Cassie state,whereas the ones nucleated at the bottom corners between the nanoarrays（bottom-nucleation mode） present the wetting Wenzel state.Time evolutions of droplet pressures at the upside and downside of the liquid phase are analyzed to understand the wetting behaviors of the droplets condensed from different nucleation modes.The phenomena of droplet condensation on nanoarrays patterned with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions are simulated,indicating that the nucleation mode of condensate droplets can also be manipulated by modifying the local intrinsic wettability of nanoarray surface.The simulation results are compared well with the experimental observations reported in the literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52171240)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (No.2021M691992)+3 种基金the Major Projects in Research and Development of Shanxi (Projects of International Cooperation,No.201803D421090)the City University of Hong Kong Donation Research Grant (No.DON-RMG 9229021)the Hong Kong PDFS-RGC Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme (Nos.PDFS2122-1S08 and CityU 9061014)the Hong Kong HMRF (Health and Medical Research Fund) (Nos.2120972 and CityU 9211320).
文摘The surface topography of implants plays a major role in osteogenesis and immunomodulation.In this study,three types of TiO_(2) nanoarrays including nanorod arrays with a diameter of 45 nm(TiO_(2)-N),nanorod arrays with a diameter of 60 nm(TiO_(2)-N N),and nanocone arrays(TiO_(2)-NW)are prepared on titanium and the behavior of bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)and polarization of macrophages are studied.Compared to the planar titanium control,TiO_(2) nanoarrays facilitate osteogenesis of BMSCs and stimulate the pro-healing M2 phenotype.However,adhesion,spreading,proliferation,and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs are more pronounced on TiO_(2)-N N than both TiO_(2)-N and TiO_(2)-NW.TiO_(2)-NN also produces the best immune microenvironment,while TiO_(2)-NW is more favorable than TiO_(2)-NN from the viewpoint of cell adhesion and spreading of osteoblasts.
基金financial supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51874361 and 51904343)the Science and technology program of Hunan Province(2019RS3002)。
文摘Lithium(Li)metal is the most potential anode material for the next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries.However,intrinsic surface unevenness and‘hostless’nature of Li metal induces infinite volume effect and uncontrollable dendrite growth.Herein,we design the in-situ grown lithiophilic Ni_(2)P nanoarrays inside nickel foam(PNF).Uniform Ni_(2)P nanoarrays coating presents a very low nucleation overpotential,which induces the homogeneous Li deposition in the entire spaces of three-dimensional(3D)metal framework.Specifically,the lithiophilic Ni_(2)P nanoarrays possess characteristics of electrical conductivity and structural stability,which have almost no expansion and damage during repeating Li plating/stripping.Therefore,they chronically inhibit the growth of Li dendrites.This results in an outstanding Coulombic efficiency(CE)of 98% at 3 mA cm^(-2) and an ultra long cycling life over 2000 cycles with a low overpotential.Consequently,the PNF-Li||LiFePO_(4) battery maintains a capacity retention of 95.3% with a stable CE of 99.9% over 500 cycles at 2 C.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21673169,51672205,51972257)the National Key Research Program of China(No.2016YFA0202602)+1 种基金the Research Start-Up Fund from Wuhan University of Technologythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:No.2019IB003)。
文摘Transition metal oxide(TMO)nanoarrays are promising architecture designs for self-supporting oxygen electrodes to achieve high catalytic activities in lithium-oxygen(Li-O2)batteries.However,the poor conductive nature of TMOs and the confined growth of nanostructures on the limited surfaces of electrode substrates result in the low areal capacities of TMO nanoarray electrodes,which seriously deteriorates the intrinsically high energy densities of Li-O2 batteries.Herein,we propose a hybrid nanoarray architecture design that integrates the high electronic conductivity of carbon nanoflakes(CNFs)and the high catalytic activity of Co3 O4 nanosheets on carbon cloth(CC).Due to the synergistic effect of two differently featured components,the hybrid nanoarrays(Co3 O4-CNF@CC)achieve a high reversible capacity of3.14 mA h cm-2 that cannot be achieved by only single components.Further,CNFs grown on CC induce the three-dimensionally distributed growth of ultrafine Co3 O4 nanosheets to enable the efficient utilization of catalysts.Thus,with the high catalytic efficiency,hybrid Co3 O4-CNF@CC also achieves a more prolonged cycling life than pristine TMO nanoarrays.The present work provides a new strategy for improving the performance of nanoarray oxygen electrodes via the hybrid architecture design that integrates the intrinsic properties of each component and induces the three-dimensional distribution of catalysts.
基金the support by the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(20203BBE53069)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0208200)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51862026,22022505,and 21872069)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(02051438026,020514380272 and 020514380274)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Special Fund for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality of Jiangsu Province(BK20220008)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20192ACBL21048)the Nanjing International Col aboration Research Program(202201007 and 2022SX00000955)the Suzhou Gusu Leading Talent Program of Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Wujiang District(ZXL2021273)
文摘The development of self-charging supercapacitor power cells(SCSPCs)has profound implications for smart electronic devices used in different fields.Here,we epitaxially electrodeposited Mo-and Fe-codoped MnO_(2)films on piezoelectric ZnO nanoarrays(NAs)grown on the flexible carbon cloth(denoted ZnO@Mo-Fe-MnO_(2)NAs).A self-charging supercapacitor power cell device was assembled with the Mo-and Fe-codoped MnO_(2)nanoarray electrode and poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)(PVDF-Trfe)piezoelectric film doped with BaTiO_(3)(BTO)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs)(denoted PVDF-Trfe/CNTs/BTO).The self-charging supercapacitor power cell device exhibited an energy density of 30μWh cm^(-2)with a high power density of 40 mW cm^(-2)and delivered an excellent self-charging performance of 363 mV(10 N)driven by both the piezoelectric ZnO nanoarrays and the poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)piezoelectric film doped with BaTiO_(3)and carbon nanotubes.More intriguingly,the device could also be self-charged by 184 mV due to residual stress alone and showed excellent energy conversion efficiency and low self-discharge rate.This work illustrates for the first time the self-charging mechanism involving electrolyte ion migration driven by both electrodes and films.A comprehensive analysis strongly confirmed the important contribution of the piezoelectric ZnO nanoarrays in the self-charging process of the self-charging supercapacitor power cell device.This work provides novel directions and insights for the development of selfcharging supercapacitor power cells.
基金supported by the Key Program of Equipment PreResearch Foundation of China(6140721020103)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2013CB934001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51074011 and51274017)
文摘Two shapes of Co_3O_4 nanoarrays(i.e., nanosheets, nanowires) with different densities of exposed catalytic active sites were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal method on Ni foam substrates and tested as the binder/carbon free and free-standing cathodes for Li–O_2 batteries. Particularly, the single crystalline feature of Co_3O_4 nanosheets with a predominant high reactivity {112} exposed crystal plane and hierarchical porous nanostructure displayed better catalytic performance for both oxygen reduction reaction(during discharge process) and oxygen evolution reaction(during charge process). Li–O_2 battery with Co_3O_4 nanosheets cathode exhibited a higher discharge specific capacity(965 m Ah g^(-1)), lower discharge/charge over-potential and better cycling performance over 63 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1) with the specific capacity limited at 300 mAh g^(-1). The superior catalytic performance of Co_3O_4 nanosheets cathode is ascribed to the enlarging specific area and increasing the exposed Co^(3+) catalytic active sites within predominant {112} crystal plane which plays the key role in determining the adsorption energy for the reactants, enabling high round-trip efficiency and cyclic life.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT21LK34)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2020-MS-113).
文摘Rational design of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts at low cost would greatly benefit the economy.Taking advantage of earth-abundant elements Si,Co and Ni,we produce a unique-structure where cobalt-nickel silicate hydroxide[Co_(2.5)Ni_(0.5)Si_(2)O_(5)(OH)_(4)]is vertically grown on a reduced graphene oxide(rGO)support(CNS@rGO).This is developed as a low-cost and prospective OER catalyst.Compared to cobalt or nickel silicate hydroxide@rGO(CS@rGO and NS@rGO,respectively)nanoarrays,the bimetal CNS@rGO nanoarray exhibits impressive OER performance with an overpotential of 307 mV@10 mA cm^(-2).This value is higher than that of CS@rGO and NS@rGO.The CNS@rGO nanoarray has an overpotential of 446 mV@100 mA cm^(-2),about 1.4 times that of the commercial RuO_(2)electrocatalyst.The achieved OER activity is superior to the state-of-the-art metal oxides/hydroxides and their derivatives.The vertically grown nanostructure and optimized metal-support electronic interactions play an indispensable role for OER performance improvement,including a fast electron transfer pathway,short proton/electron diffusion distance,more active metal centers,as well as optimized dualatomic electron density.Taking advantage of interlay chemical regulation and the in-situ growth method,the advanced-structural CNS@rGO nanoarrays provide a new horizon to the rational and flexible design of efficient and promising OER electrocatalysts.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22075219 and 51972257)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WUT:2021IA002)the National Key Research Program of China (No. 2016YFA0202602)。
文摘We propose a facile facet regulation enabled by nanoarray architecture to achieve a high faradic efficiency of Fe_(2)O_(3) catalyst for NRR. The a-Fe_(2)O_(3) nanorod arrays (NAs) were directly grown on carbon cloth (CC) with specific (104) facet exposure. The highly exposed (104) facets provide abundant unsaturated Fe atoms with dangling bonds as nitrogen reduction reaction catalytically active sites. In addition, the NAs architecture enables the enhanced electrochemical surface area (ECSA) to fully manifest the active sites and maintain the mass diffusion. Thus, the selectively exposed (104) facets coupled with the high ECSA of NAs architecture achieve a high FE of 14.89% and a high yield rate of 17.28 μg h^(-1) cm^(-2). This work presents an effective strategy to develop highly efficient catalytic electrodes for electrochemical NRR via facet regulation and nanoarray architecture.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0303600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974253 and 11774248)。
文摘We study the plasmonic properties of hybrid nanostructures consisting of double vacancy defected graphene(DVDGr)and metallic nanoarrays using the time-dependent density functional theory. It is found that DVDGr with pure and mixed noble/transition-metal nanoarrays can produce a stronger light absorption due to the coherent resonance of plasmons than graphene nanostructures. Comparing with the mixed Au/Pd nanoarrays, pure Au nanoarrays have stronger plasmonic enhancement. Furthermore, harmonics from the hybrid nanostructures exposed to the combination of lasers ranged from ultraviolet to infrared and a controlling pulse are investigated theoretically. The harmonic plateau can be broadened significantly and the energy of harmonic spectra is dramatically extended by the controlling pulse. Thus, it is possible to tune the width and intensity of harmonic spectrum to achieve broadband absorption of radiation. The methodology described here not only improves the understanding of the surface plasmon effect used in a DVDGr-metal optoelectronic device but also may be applicable to different optical technologies.
基金This work was financially sup-ported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Nos:22171212,21771140,51771138,51979194)International Corporation Project of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology by China(No.21160710300)International Exchange Grant(IEC/NSFC/201078)through Royal Society UK and NSFC.
文摘Trifunctional Cu-mesh/Cu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays heterostructure is designed and fabricated by integrating CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays onto Cu-mesh(CM)via an in situ growth and phase transformation process.It is successfully applied to efficiently mitigate the antibiotic pollution,including degradation of antibiotics,inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB),and damage of antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs).Under visible-light irradiation,CM/CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays exhibit a superior degradation efficiency on antibiotics(e.g.,up to 99%in 25 min for tetracycline hydrochloride,TC),due to the generated reactive oxygen species(ROS),especially the dominant·O^(2−).It can fully inactivate E.coli(HB101)with initial number of~108 CFU mL^(−1) in 10 min,which is mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of 1D nanostructure,dissolved metal ions,and generated ROS.Meanwhile,it is able to damage ARGs after 180 min of photodegradation,including tetA(vs TC)of 3.3 log 10,aphA(vs kanamycin sulfate,KAN)of 3.4 log 10,and tnpA(vs ampicillin,AMP)of 4.4 log 10,respectively.This work explores a green way for treating antibiotic pollution under visible light.
文摘Ammonia borane(AB)has been regarded as a promising candidate for chemical hydrogen storage but needs an efficient catalyst for hydrolytic hydrogen generation.In this communication,a CoP nanoarray in situ grown on a Ti mesh(CoP NA/Ti)is reported as a robust non-noble-metal catalyst for effective hydrogen generation from AB hydrolysis.
基金supported by the Shanghai Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(No.18JC1410604).
文摘Developing hierarchical electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance for electrochemical hydrogen production.Here,we describe the development of a hierarchical CuO@NiCo layered double hydroxide core–shell nanoarray on copper foil (CuO@NiCo LDH/CF) as a 3D OER electrocatalyst.When tested in 1.0 M KOH,such CuO@NiCo LDH/CF offers superior catalytic activity with a geometrical catalytic current density of 20 mA cm^(−2) at an overpotential of only 256 mV.It also shows strong long-term electrochemical durability to retain its activity for at least 24 h.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52025041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902020,51974021,and 52250091)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-20-02C2)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)(No.FRF-IDRY-21-028).
文摘Enhancing the activity of non-precious metal electrocatalysts is crucial for advancing anion exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzer technology.In this study,we synthesized an NiFeCo layered double hydroxide quantum dots(LDHQDs)-modified NiCoP nanoarray(NiCoP NA)via a hydrothermal–phosphorization–electrostatic adsorption process(LDHQDs/NiCoP NA).The LDHQDs/NiCoP NA demonstrates overpotentials of 75 and 263 mV,respectively,to achieve current densities of 10 and 1000 mA cm^(−2)for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos 22072015 and 22176109).
文摘Electrochemical reduction of nitrite(NO_(2)-)is considered as an eco-friendly and sustainable strategy for simultaneous NH_(3) production and NO_(2)-removal.However,electroreduction of NO_(2)-is a complex reaction involving multi-electron transfer steps,thus requiring highly selective and active electrocatalysts.Herein,we report that amorphous CoB supported on TiO_(2) nanoarray acts as an efficient catalyst for NH_(3) synthesis via electrochemical NO_(2)-reduction.In 0.1 M Na2SO4 with 400 ppm NO_(2)-,such an electrocatalyst achieves an outstanding yield of 233.1μmol h^(-1) cm^(-2) and a high faradaic efficiency of 95.2%at-0.7 V.In addition,its performance remains stable during long-term electrolysis and cycling tests.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62361033 and 51962009)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20224BAB204026 and 20224BAB212026)+1 种基金Jiangxi Province’s Double Thousand Plan(Grant No.jxsq2023201128)the Research Projects of Education Department of Jiangxi Province(No.GJJ2202604).
文摘Developing high-performance room temperature semiconductor gas sensors through light activation has aroused great interest recently.However,the improvement in sensing performance is greatly hindered by the extremely high recombination rate of photo-generated carriers and poor response to visible light.Herein,we present a novel approach involving the fabrication of a step-scheme(S-scheme)NiO/CdS semiconductor heterojunction nanoarray sensor,grown in situ on a commercial alumina flat surface.This sensor demonstrates efficient room temperature detection of triethylamine under low-power visible light activation(0.06 W),exhibiting a high response to 27.8 to 100 ppm triethylamine and remarkable longterm stability lasting over one year.The distinctive charge transfer mechanism inherent in S-scheme heterojunctions not only significantly enhances the separation of photo-generated carriers and improves their response to visible light,but also substantially amplifies the oxidation capability,which are responsible for the enhanced sensing performance.In addition,the strategy of in situ grown nanoarrays largely streamlines the manufacturing process and ensures the stability of devices.This study not only expands the application of S-scheme semiconductor heterojunctions in the realm of gas sensing,but also offers new insights into enhancing the performance of light-activated room temperature gas sensors through comprehensive designing of gas sensing materials and device structures.
