After graduating from the China Academy of Arts(Department of Oil Painting)in Hangzhou in 1995,Yang Fudong(1971)moved to Shanghai to work as a graphic designer.Inspired by his daily job in Pudong,he started producing ...After graduating from the China Academy of Arts(Department of Oil Painting)in Hangzhou in 1995,Yang Fudong(1971)moved to Shanghai to work as a graphic designer.Inspired by his daily job in Pudong,he started producing photographic series that closely resembled the advertising campaigns he worked on.Glossy images of stylish young people or dishevelled white collars in highly saturated colours,defined“intellectuals”in cryptic accompanying captions.Conversely,his body of work in black and white,almost entirely shot on 35mm film,portrays a suspended reality out of the historical time:a ghostly dimension akin to a drowsy vigil,a uchronia,an“estranged paradise”-to borrow the title of his earliest film set in Hangzhou.But it is Shanghai’s elusiveness and material relationship with the past that has contributed the most to form Yang’s trademark imagery and aesthetic.What he conjures up in his still and moving images,is a dimension with a distinctive oneiric quality,an“in-between”universe where all the circumstances are justified and have an inner logic,just like in dreams,or just like in the China of his childhood.The research of Yang Fudong is somewhat unique in the universe of contemporary Chinese art and sets him apart from a plethora of artists that have used the video in a much more“didactic”and quotational way.I will illustrate some specific aspects of his black and white body of work,trying to show how a certain self-orientalist trait can be interpreted as strategy to regain narrative agency and bring to the surface a series of removed instances:the main of which being,in my opinion,the fate of Shanghai’s(perhaps of China's Mainland in its ungraspable entirety?)modernity.展开更多
This article is not inspired by any religion or quantum many-worlds interpretation. The mathematics of multiverse is presented here. The mass operator was introduced earlier by Alnobani. This operator is used here to ...This article is not inspired by any religion or quantum many-worlds interpretation. The mathematics of multiverse is presented here. The mass operator was introduced earlier by Alnobani. This operator is used here to deduce the time state. It is found that time has four states and those four states are orthogonal. Time is the constitution of any verse. Time has direction. Every orthogonal direction of time belongs to a verse. Past and future belong to opposite directions of time and they are arbitrary. Other verses are there by their own and not a probabilities of any other verse and if any similarity it is only a coincidence. Among applications of this thesis is travelling through groups of galaxies, or more or less.展开更多
In this paper it is answered why the imaginary number is not used in the equal operator presented earlier by Ahiobani. The life criterion is presented here. The concept of energy conservation is assumed to be held wit...In this paper it is answered why the imaginary number is not used in the equal operator presented earlier by Ahiobani. The life criterion is presented here. The concept of energy conservation is assumed to be held within the gates between verses. The Hamiltonian for entry is the some when exiting, this concept is discussed. Within this concept suvat equations are discussed. Ahiobani＇ s generalized factor is presented instead of Planck＇s constant as proportionality factor between energy and frequency. A closer physical look for multiverse mathematics as tensor product is performed.展开更多
Theoretical and experimental evidence of physical reality of imaginary numbers using interpretation of Ohm’s law for electrical AC circuits proposed in 1897 by Steinmetz was presented. Other pieces of evidence are me...Theoretical and experimental evidence of physical reality of imaginary numbers using interpretation of Ohm’s law for electrical AC circuits proposed in 1897 by Steinmetz was presented. Other pieces of evidence are mentioned as well. The use of the general scientific principle of the physical reality of imaginary numbers allowed to prove that the relativistic formulas in the existing version of the special relativity theory are wrong, as well as to deny the principle of non-exceeding the speed of light and the hypothesis of monoverse. Corrected relativistic formulas are given and on their basis a theory of hidden Multiverse is proposed, parallel universes of which are mutually invisible. Using data obtained by the spacecrafts WMAP and Planck, it is proved that the hidden Multiverse has a quaternion structure, exists in the six-dimensional space, and forms Hyperverse together with other Multiverses. It is shown that the parallel universes of the hidden Multiverse are continuously drifting in multidimensional space, touch each other in many places and are even partially immersed in each other, forming portals. It is alleged that the search for extraterrestrial life in deep space is devoid of meaning, as you can even walk to the adjacent parallel universes through portals, which are anomalous zones on Earth. Moreover, extraterrestrial super civilizations have already found us long time ago and are located on Earth. The attempts to contact these super civilizations are meaningless as well, because such contacts are possible only at their wish. Consequently, to make the contacts possible, we need to convince super civilizations that human civilization is of interest to them and that it has a sufficiently high intelligence. It is shown how the human super intelligence over can be realized.展开更多
The probability of creating Antimatter Multiverses is the same as the probability of creating Matter Multiverses since the Laws of Physics do not differentiate between matter and antimatter. The interaction of Matter ...The probability of creating Antimatter Multiverses is the same as the probability of creating Matter Multiverses since the Laws of Physics do not differentiate between matter and antimatter. The interaction of Matter and Antimatter Multiverses would destroy all the lower dimensions of both Multiverses allowing only the higher dimensions of the bigger Multiverse to survive. Energy within the void builds both types of Multiverses. Entropy within the void ends the building process to send all the mass back into the original levels of the void as Energy that is continuously being exchanged between the void and the two kinds of Multiverses.展开更多
Analysis of WMAP and Planck spacecraft data has proved that we live in an invisible Multiverse, referred to as hidden, that has a quaternion structure. It explains the reason for the mutual invisibility of parallel un...Analysis of WMAP and Planck spacecraft data has proved that we live in an invisible Multiverse, referred to as hidden, that has a quaternion structure. It explains the reason for the mutual invisibility of parallel universes contained in the hidden Multiverse. It is shown that the hidden Multiverse includes most likely twenty parallel universes from different dimensions, six of which are adjacent to our universe. Besides, edges of the hidden Multiverse are connected to other (from one to four) Multiverses, which are observable neither by electromagnetic nor by gravitational manifestations. The Multiverse described contains four matter-antimatter pairs, annihilation of which is prevented by relative spatial position of the universes. The experimental proof of existence of the hidden Multiverse is explained to be the phenomenon of dark matter and dark energy that correspond to other invisible parallel universes, except ours, included in the hidden Multiverse. General scientific principle of physical reality of imaginary numbers, refuting some of the statements of the existing version of the special theory of relativity, is a physical and mathematical foundation of the outlined conception of the hidden Multiverse. The article presents relativistic formulas of the theory of special relativity adjusted in accordance with the principle. It also offers appropriate interpretation of multidimensional space of the hidden Multiverse.展开更多
Our third spatial dimension (3-D) is currently in the process of building the fourth spatial dimension. Dark Energy is being used to create higher dimensions of space from the first to the nth, and it is also responsi...Our third spatial dimension (3-D) is currently in the process of building the fourth spatial dimension. Dark Energy is being used to create higher dimensions of space from the first to the nth, and it is also responsible for the formation and the rotation of the fourth dimension from the point singularities of the vacuum space of the third dimension. To start the creation up to the nth dimension, <i>n</i>! zero dimensional singularities arise simultaneously from the <i>n</i> = 0 level of the void. Once the creation of an n dimensional ellipsoidal matter Universe has been completed, the outward Dark Energy force ends, and then the inward force of gravity takes over to crush the n dimensional Universe into the center of the nth dimensional singularity of the void. The system is now in a non-equilibrium state because the entropy of the system has attained its lowest possible value. To bring the system back to equilibrium there will arise out of the nth dimensional void an antimatter Universe which will reverse the process to deposit all the Dark Energy back into the original levels of the void so that the net change in entropy of the system becomes zero. Dark Matter is the matter that exists in the fourth spatial dimension as 4-D matter spewed there through the Black Hole singularities of our third dimension. Ellipsoidal matter and antimatter Multiverses rotating in opposite directions are a natural byproduct of this new theory of Physics which also solves certain particle Physics problems of the Standard Model.展开更多
The Void is different from the vacuum space of our Universe because it has “nothing” in it, no space, no time, no mass, and no charge. It only has Pure Energy. The only particles that have no space, no time, no mass...The Void is different from the vacuum space of our Universe because it has “nothing” in it, no space, no time, no mass, and no charge. It only has Pure Energy. The only particles that have no space, no time, no mass, and no charge are photons and hence the Void is filled with photons of different Energy levels separated from one another by quantum numbers n. The Energy from within the Void is the source of all creation and annihilation. Each Universe of the Multiverse is created in parts that are joined together by gravity. Dark (Photon) Energy creates one part of the first dimension, two parts of the second dimension, three parts of the third dimension, four parts of the fourth dimension and so on, parts that are brought together to complete the formation of that dimensional Universe by means of a Big Bang;just as the Big Bang brought 3, 3-D parts created by 3, 2-D Universes together to form our 3-D Universe.展开更多
A theological train of reasoning is avoided in this paper. The properties of the equal operator presented earlier by Alnobani are given here. A view of the present time is given. As a consequence of the presence of ti...A theological train of reasoning is avoided in this paper. The properties of the equal operator presented earlier by Alnobani are given here. A view of the present time is given. As a consequence of the presence of time state, the verses are arranged in couples and every verse including in which we live is a live verse in the same context of human life. This paper interferes with and changes the procedures and philosophy of mathematics itself. Space, mass and time are parts of one whole which is called simply time. The aim of this paper is to make the knowledge of its subject public, so other researchers can contribute to it. The concept of a gate between verses is investigated.展开更多
We consider <i>multiverses</i> as time-amalgamated multiply warped products of Lorentzian (Einstein) manifolds. We define the Local Multiverse as a time-connected component associated with our physical (3 ...We consider <i>multiverses</i> as time-amalgamated multiply warped products of Lorentzian (Einstein) manifolds. We define the Local Multiverse as a time-connected component associated with our physical (3 + 1)-spacetime. It is a collection of “parallel universes” with (mutually) synchronized timelines. Metaphysical considerations suggest that the Local Multiverse could be an extremely complex agglomeration with, at least, several hundred parallel universes in the Solar neighbourhood (and many thousands in galaxy bulks). In this paper we study a simplified time-almagamated globally hyperbolic model. Our picture implies the multiversality of elementary particles which are, actually, transcosmic (super)strings with multiple endpoints on parallel universes considered as D-branes.展开更多
The multiverse is a hypothesis created to solve certain problems in cosmology. Currently, this scheme is still largely ad hoc, rather than derived from fundamental laws and principles. Because of this, the predictive ...The multiverse is a hypothesis created to solve certain problems in cosmology. Currently, this scheme is still largely ad hoc, rather than derived from fundamental laws and principles. Because of this, the predictive power of this theory is rather limited. Furthermore, there are concerns that this theory will make it impossible to calculate some measured quantities, such as the masses of quarks and the electron. In this paper, we will show that a new development in string theory, the universal wave function interpretation of string theory, provides a way to derive the mathematical expression of the multiverse. We will demonstrate that the Weyl invariance existing in string theory indicates that our observed universe is a projection from a hologram. We will present how the laws of physics can be derived from this fact. Furthermore, we suggest it may also provide a way to calculate the masses of fundamental particles such as quarks and the electron.展开更多
The paper posits that the multiverse is reversible, so all universes in the multiverse are reversible cyclic universes which have the inexhaustible resources of space-time to expand. The collision of expanding univers...The paper posits that the multiverse is reversible, so all universes in the multiverse are reversible cyclic universes which have the inexhaustible resources of space-time to expand. The collision of expanding universes is permanently irreversible, forbidden in the reversible multiverse, so every universe is surrounded by the zero-energy interuniversal void as the permanent gap among universes to keep universes apart. A zero-sum energy dual universe of positive energy universe and negative energy universe can be created in the interuniversal void, and the new dual universe is again surrounded by the interuniversal void. This paper also posits the reversible string theory with oscillating space-time dimension number oscillating between 11D (space-time dimension) and 4D without the conventional compactization of string. Dimension number decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. The 4D and the 11D have zero and the highest vacuum energies, respectively. The universes in the reversible multiverse oscillate reversibly between high and low dimension numbers. Under symmetry breaking as in our universe, the positive energy universe as our observed universe absorbed the interuniversal void, while the negative energy universe did not. The interuniversal void has zero vacuum energy, so the absorption of the interuniversal void by the positive energy universe forced the positive energy 10D universe with high vacuum energy to be transformed into the positive energy 4D universe with zero vacuum energy, resulting in the inflation followed by the Big Bang. The negative energy universe undergoes dimension number oscillation between 4D and 10D dimension by dimension. The negative energy >4D universe is hidden, and the negative energy 4D universe appears as dark energy. The calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter and the calculated time for dark energy to start are in good agreements with the observed values.展开更多
We consider the Hyperverse as a collection of multiverses in a (4 + 1)-dimensional spacetime with gravitational constant G. Multiverses in our model are bouquets of thin shells (with synchronized intrinsic times). If ...We consider the Hyperverse as a collection of multiverses in a (4 + 1)-dimensional spacetime with gravitational constant G. Multiverses in our model are bouquets of thin shells (with synchronized intrinsic times). If gis the gravitational constant of a shell Sand εits thickness, then G~εg. The physical universe is supposed to be one of those thin shells inside the local bouquet called Local Multiverse. Other remarkable objects of the Hyperverse are supposed to be black holes, black lenses, black rings and (generalized) Black Saturns. In addition, Schwarzschild-de Sitter multiversal nurseries can be hidden inside those Black Saturns, leading to their Bousso-Hawking nucleation. It also suggests that black holes in our physical universe might harbor embedded (2 + 1)-dimensional multiverses. This is compatible with outstanding ideas and results of Bekenstein, Hawking-Vaz and Corda about “black holes as atoms” and the condensation of matter on “apparent horizons”. It allows us to formulate conjecture 12.1 about the origin of the Local Multiverse. As an alternative model, we examine spacetime warping of our universe by external universes. It gives data for the accelerated expansion and the cosmological constant Λ, which are in agreement with observation, thus opening a possibility for verification of the multiverse model.展开更多
We consider the Hyperverse as a collection of multiverses in 5-dimensional spacetime with gravitational constant G. Each multiverse in our simplified model is a bouquet of nested spherical Gogberashvili shells. If g&l...We consider the Hyperverse as a collection of multiverses in 5-dimensional spacetime with gravitational constant G. Each multiverse in our simplified model is a bouquet of nested spherical Gogberashvili shells. If g<sub>k</sub> is the gravitational constant of a thin shell S<sub>k</sub> and ε<sub>k</sub>, its thickness then G ~ ε<sub>k</sub>g<sub>k</sub>. The physical universe is supposed to be one of those shells inside the local nested bouquet called Local Multiverse. We relate this construction to Robinson-Trautman metrics describing expanding spacetimes with spherical gravitational waves. Supermassive astronomical black holes, located at cores of elliptic/spiral galaxies, are also conjecturally described within this theory. Our constructions are equally consistent with the modern theory of cosmological coupling.展开更多
The Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model is currently the best model to describe the development of the Universe from the Big Bang to the present time. It is composed of six parameters, two of them, Dark Energy (DE) ...The Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model is currently the best model to describe the development of the Universe from the Big Bang to the present time. It is composed of six parameters, two of them, Dark Energy (DE) and CDM, with unknown physical explanations. DE, leading to accelerated expansion of the Universe, is considered a scalar field characterized by exerting its force by repulsive gravity. We examined whether DE can be explained as the warping of spacetime in our Universe by external universes as components of a Multiverse or, in other words, as the gravitational pull exerted by other universes. The acceleration, the resultant kinetic energy, E<sub>kin</sub>, and the cosmological constant, Λ, were calculated for one to four external universes. The acceleration is approx. 10<sup>-11</sup> m/s<sup>2</sup>, which is in agreement with observations. Its value is dependent upon the numbers and relative positions of external universes. DE density is approx. 10<sup>-29</sup> kg/m<sup>3</sup> and Λ is in the range of 10<sup>-38</sup> s<sup>-2</sup> and 10<sup>-55</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>, respectively. Warping of spacetime by external universes as a physical explanation for DE seems feasible and warrants further considerations.展开更多
A discussion of nature is given.Time is discussed with respect to certain other factors of nature.A potential energy equation is given which holds all relevant information about any system at equilibrium or non-equili...A discussion of nature is given.Time is discussed with respect to certain other factors of nature.A potential energy equation is given which holds all relevant information about any system at equilibrium or non-equilibrium state with no restriction on number of phases.A differential form of the fundamental equation is also given,and it gives the amount of energy released if one or more of the variables are changed.The states of different distances in coupled verses are derived.There is no system of measurements outside the human mind,every verse calculates dynamically for itself.Vessel design using sub-verses and gates is discussed.The fundamental equation has important application for human self-development(martial arts).展开更多
文摘After graduating from the China Academy of Arts(Department of Oil Painting)in Hangzhou in 1995,Yang Fudong(1971)moved to Shanghai to work as a graphic designer.Inspired by his daily job in Pudong,he started producing photographic series that closely resembled the advertising campaigns he worked on.Glossy images of stylish young people or dishevelled white collars in highly saturated colours,defined“intellectuals”in cryptic accompanying captions.Conversely,his body of work in black and white,almost entirely shot on 35mm film,portrays a suspended reality out of the historical time:a ghostly dimension akin to a drowsy vigil,a uchronia,an“estranged paradise”-to borrow the title of his earliest film set in Hangzhou.But it is Shanghai’s elusiveness and material relationship with the past that has contributed the most to form Yang’s trademark imagery and aesthetic.What he conjures up in his still and moving images,is a dimension with a distinctive oneiric quality,an“in-between”universe where all the circumstances are justified and have an inner logic,just like in dreams,or just like in the China of his childhood.The research of Yang Fudong is somewhat unique in the universe of contemporary Chinese art and sets him apart from a plethora of artists that have used the video in a much more“didactic”and quotational way.I will illustrate some specific aspects of his black and white body of work,trying to show how a certain self-orientalist trait can be interpreted as strategy to regain narrative agency and bring to the surface a series of removed instances:the main of which being,in my opinion,the fate of Shanghai’s(perhaps of China's Mainland in its ungraspable entirety?)modernity.
文摘This article is not inspired by any religion or quantum many-worlds interpretation. The mathematics of multiverse is presented here. The mass operator was introduced earlier by Alnobani. This operator is used here to deduce the time state. It is found that time has four states and those four states are orthogonal. Time is the constitution of any verse. Time has direction. Every orthogonal direction of time belongs to a verse. Past and future belong to opposite directions of time and they are arbitrary. Other verses are there by their own and not a probabilities of any other verse and if any similarity it is only a coincidence. Among applications of this thesis is travelling through groups of galaxies, or more or less.
文摘In this paper it is answered why the imaginary number is not used in the equal operator presented earlier by Ahiobani. The life criterion is presented here. The concept of energy conservation is assumed to be held within the gates between verses. The Hamiltonian for entry is the some when exiting, this concept is discussed. Within this concept suvat equations are discussed. Ahiobani＇ s generalized factor is presented instead of Planck＇s constant as proportionality factor between energy and frequency. A closer physical look for multiverse mathematics as tensor product is performed.
文摘Theoretical and experimental evidence of physical reality of imaginary numbers using interpretation of Ohm’s law for electrical AC circuits proposed in 1897 by Steinmetz was presented. Other pieces of evidence are mentioned as well. The use of the general scientific principle of the physical reality of imaginary numbers allowed to prove that the relativistic formulas in the existing version of the special relativity theory are wrong, as well as to deny the principle of non-exceeding the speed of light and the hypothesis of monoverse. Corrected relativistic formulas are given and on their basis a theory of hidden Multiverse is proposed, parallel universes of which are mutually invisible. Using data obtained by the spacecrafts WMAP and Planck, it is proved that the hidden Multiverse has a quaternion structure, exists in the six-dimensional space, and forms Hyperverse together with other Multiverses. It is shown that the parallel universes of the hidden Multiverse are continuously drifting in multidimensional space, touch each other in many places and are even partially immersed in each other, forming portals. It is alleged that the search for extraterrestrial life in deep space is devoid of meaning, as you can even walk to the adjacent parallel universes through portals, which are anomalous zones on Earth. Moreover, extraterrestrial super civilizations have already found us long time ago and are located on Earth. The attempts to contact these super civilizations are meaningless as well, because such contacts are possible only at their wish. Consequently, to make the contacts possible, we need to convince super civilizations that human civilization is of interest to them and that it has a sufficiently high intelligence. It is shown how the human super intelligence over can be realized.
文摘The probability of creating Antimatter Multiverses is the same as the probability of creating Matter Multiverses since the Laws of Physics do not differentiate between matter and antimatter. The interaction of Matter and Antimatter Multiverses would destroy all the lower dimensions of both Multiverses allowing only the higher dimensions of the bigger Multiverse to survive. Energy within the void builds both types of Multiverses. Entropy within the void ends the building process to send all the mass back into the original levels of the void as Energy that is continuously being exchanged between the void and the two kinds of Multiverses.
文摘Analysis of WMAP and Planck spacecraft data has proved that we live in an invisible Multiverse, referred to as hidden, that has a quaternion structure. It explains the reason for the mutual invisibility of parallel universes contained in the hidden Multiverse. It is shown that the hidden Multiverse includes most likely twenty parallel universes from different dimensions, six of which are adjacent to our universe. Besides, edges of the hidden Multiverse are connected to other (from one to four) Multiverses, which are observable neither by electromagnetic nor by gravitational manifestations. The Multiverse described contains four matter-antimatter pairs, annihilation of which is prevented by relative spatial position of the universes. The experimental proof of existence of the hidden Multiverse is explained to be the phenomenon of dark matter and dark energy that correspond to other invisible parallel universes, except ours, included in the hidden Multiverse. General scientific principle of physical reality of imaginary numbers, refuting some of the statements of the existing version of the special theory of relativity, is a physical and mathematical foundation of the outlined conception of the hidden Multiverse. The article presents relativistic formulas of the theory of special relativity adjusted in accordance with the principle. It also offers appropriate interpretation of multidimensional space of the hidden Multiverse.
文摘Our third spatial dimension (3-D) is currently in the process of building the fourth spatial dimension. Dark Energy is being used to create higher dimensions of space from the first to the nth, and it is also responsible for the formation and the rotation of the fourth dimension from the point singularities of the vacuum space of the third dimension. To start the creation up to the nth dimension, <i>n</i>! zero dimensional singularities arise simultaneously from the <i>n</i> = 0 level of the void. Once the creation of an n dimensional ellipsoidal matter Universe has been completed, the outward Dark Energy force ends, and then the inward force of gravity takes over to crush the n dimensional Universe into the center of the nth dimensional singularity of the void. The system is now in a non-equilibrium state because the entropy of the system has attained its lowest possible value. To bring the system back to equilibrium there will arise out of the nth dimensional void an antimatter Universe which will reverse the process to deposit all the Dark Energy back into the original levels of the void so that the net change in entropy of the system becomes zero. Dark Matter is the matter that exists in the fourth spatial dimension as 4-D matter spewed there through the Black Hole singularities of our third dimension. Ellipsoidal matter and antimatter Multiverses rotating in opposite directions are a natural byproduct of this new theory of Physics which also solves certain particle Physics problems of the Standard Model.
文摘The Void is different from the vacuum space of our Universe because it has “nothing” in it, no space, no time, no mass, and no charge. It only has Pure Energy. The only particles that have no space, no time, no mass, and no charge are photons and hence the Void is filled with photons of different Energy levels separated from one another by quantum numbers n. The Energy from within the Void is the source of all creation and annihilation. Each Universe of the Multiverse is created in parts that are joined together by gravity. Dark (Photon) Energy creates one part of the first dimension, two parts of the second dimension, three parts of the third dimension, four parts of the fourth dimension and so on, parts that are brought together to complete the formation of that dimensional Universe by means of a Big Bang;just as the Big Bang brought 3, 3-D parts created by 3, 2-D Universes together to form our 3-D Universe.
文摘A theological train of reasoning is avoided in this paper. The properties of the equal operator presented earlier by Alnobani are given here. A view of the present time is given. As a consequence of the presence of time state, the verses are arranged in couples and every verse including in which we live is a live verse in the same context of human life. This paper interferes with and changes the procedures and philosophy of mathematics itself. Space, mass and time are parts of one whole which is called simply time. The aim of this paper is to make the knowledge of its subject public, so other researchers can contribute to it. The concept of a gate between verses is investigated.
文摘We consider <i>multiverses</i> as time-amalgamated multiply warped products of Lorentzian (Einstein) manifolds. We define the Local Multiverse as a time-connected component associated with our physical (3 + 1)-spacetime. It is a collection of “parallel universes” with (mutually) synchronized timelines. Metaphysical considerations suggest that the Local Multiverse could be an extremely complex agglomeration with, at least, several hundred parallel universes in the Solar neighbourhood (and many thousands in galaxy bulks). In this paper we study a simplified time-almagamated globally hyperbolic model. Our picture implies the multiversality of elementary particles which are, actually, transcosmic (super)strings with multiple endpoints on parallel universes considered as D-branes.
文摘The multiverse is a hypothesis created to solve certain problems in cosmology. Currently, this scheme is still largely ad hoc, rather than derived from fundamental laws and principles. Because of this, the predictive power of this theory is rather limited. Furthermore, there are concerns that this theory will make it impossible to calculate some measured quantities, such as the masses of quarks and the electron. In this paper, we will show that a new development in string theory, the universal wave function interpretation of string theory, provides a way to derive the mathematical expression of the multiverse. We will demonstrate that the Weyl invariance existing in string theory indicates that our observed universe is a projection from a hologram. We will present how the laws of physics can be derived from this fact. Furthermore, we suggest it may also provide a way to calculate the masses of fundamental particles such as quarks and the electron.
文摘The paper posits that the multiverse is reversible, so all universes in the multiverse are reversible cyclic universes which have the inexhaustible resources of space-time to expand. The collision of expanding universes is permanently irreversible, forbidden in the reversible multiverse, so every universe is surrounded by the zero-energy interuniversal void as the permanent gap among universes to keep universes apart. A zero-sum energy dual universe of positive energy universe and negative energy universe can be created in the interuniversal void, and the new dual universe is again surrounded by the interuniversal void. This paper also posits the reversible string theory with oscillating space-time dimension number oscillating between 11D (space-time dimension) and 4D without the conventional compactization of string. Dimension number decreases with decreasing speed of light, decreasing vacuum energy, and increasing rest mass. The 4D and the 11D have zero and the highest vacuum energies, respectively. The universes in the reversible multiverse oscillate reversibly between high and low dimension numbers. Under symmetry breaking as in our universe, the positive energy universe as our observed universe absorbed the interuniversal void, while the negative energy universe did not. The interuniversal void has zero vacuum energy, so the absorption of the interuniversal void by the positive energy universe forced the positive energy 10D universe with high vacuum energy to be transformed into the positive energy 4D universe with zero vacuum energy, resulting in the inflation followed by the Big Bang. The negative energy universe undergoes dimension number oscillation between 4D and 10D dimension by dimension. The negative energy >4D universe is hidden, and the negative energy 4D universe appears as dark energy. The calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter and the calculated time for dark energy to start are in good agreements with the observed values.
文摘We consider the Hyperverse as a collection of multiverses in a (4 + 1)-dimensional spacetime with gravitational constant G. Multiverses in our model are bouquets of thin shells (with synchronized intrinsic times). If gis the gravitational constant of a shell Sand εits thickness, then G~εg. The physical universe is supposed to be one of those thin shells inside the local bouquet called Local Multiverse. Other remarkable objects of the Hyperverse are supposed to be black holes, black lenses, black rings and (generalized) Black Saturns. In addition, Schwarzschild-de Sitter multiversal nurseries can be hidden inside those Black Saturns, leading to their Bousso-Hawking nucleation. It also suggests that black holes in our physical universe might harbor embedded (2 + 1)-dimensional multiverses. This is compatible with outstanding ideas and results of Bekenstein, Hawking-Vaz and Corda about “black holes as atoms” and the condensation of matter on “apparent horizons”. It allows us to formulate conjecture 12.1 about the origin of the Local Multiverse. As an alternative model, we examine spacetime warping of our universe by external universes. It gives data for the accelerated expansion and the cosmological constant Λ, which are in agreement with observation, thus opening a possibility for verification of the multiverse model.
文摘We consider the Hyperverse as a collection of multiverses in 5-dimensional spacetime with gravitational constant G. Each multiverse in our simplified model is a bouquet of nested spherical Gogberashvili shells. If g<sub>k</sub> is the gravitational constant of a thin shell S<sub>k</sub> and ε<sub>k</sub>, its thickness then G ~ ε<sub>k</sub>g<sub>k</sub>. The physical universe is supposed to be one of those shells inside the local nested bouquet called Local Multiverse. We relate this construction to Robinson-Trautman metrics describing expanding spacetimes with spherical gravitational waves. Supermassive astronomical black holes, located at cores of elliptic/spiral galaxies, are also conjecturally described within this theory. Our constructions are equally consistent with the modern theory of cosmological coupling.
文摘The Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model is currently the best model to describe the development of the Universe from the Big Bang to the present time. It is composed of six parameters, two of them, Dark Energy (DE) and CDM, with unknown physical explanations. DE, leading to accelerated expansion of the Universe, is considered a scalar field characterized by exerting its force by repulsive gravity. We examined whether DE can be explained as the warping of spacetime in our Universe by external universes as components of a Multiverse or, in other words, as the gravitational pull exerted by other universes. The acceleration, the resultant kinetic energy, E<sub>kin</sub>, and the cosmological constant, Λ, were calculated for one to four external universes. The acceleration is approx. 10<sup>-11</sup> m/s<sup>2</sup>, which is in agreement with observations. Its value is dependent upon the numbers and relative positions of external universes. DE density is approx. 10<sup>-29</sup> kg/m<sup>3</sup> and Λ is in the range of 10<sup>-38</sup> s<sup>-2</sup> and 10<sup>-55</sup> m<sup>-2</sup>, respectively. Warping of spacetime by external universes as a physical explanation for DE seems feasible and warrants further considerations.
文摘A discussion of nature is given.Time is discussed with respect to certain other factors of nature.A potential energy equation is given which holds all relevant information about any system at equilibrium or non-equilibrium state with no restriction on number of phases.A differential form of the fundamental equation is also given,and it gives the amount of energy released if one or more of the variables are changed.The states of different distances in coupled verses are derived.There is no system of measurements outside the human mind,every verse calculates dynamically for itself.Vessel design using sub-verses and gates is discussed.The fundamental equation has important application for human self-development(martial arts).
