Natural gas production from a gas reservoir （Reservoir A） located in the south of Iran, presents solids deposition during processing because the condensate contains suspended and dissolved solids. Solids deposition ...Natural gas production from a gas reservoir （Reservoir A） located in the south of Iran, presents solids deposition during processing because the condensate contains suspended and dissolved solids. Solids deposition occurs not only in the transportation lines from the wells to the separators but also in the various operating units of gas streams and condensate stream. In this study, the multisolid-phase model has been used to predict the wax precipitation from gas and gas condensate fluids. The properties of gas and liquid phases are described using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong （SRK） equation of state. The model is then used to predict the possibility of the wax formation in Reservoir A gas facilities, located at the south of Iran. Solid deposition which occurred in the various streams of that facility confirmed the calculated results. Finally, the wax appearance temperature （WAT）, the weight percent of wax formation and the effects of pressure and temperature on the wax formation were also predicted.展开更多
The development of low-carbon cementitious materials involves the selection of the appropriate raw materials and the transformation of the hydration mechanism.In this study,low-carbon and low-cost cementitious materia...The development of low-carbon cementitious materials involves the selection of the appropriate raw materials and the transformation of the hydration mechanism.In this study,low-carbon and low-cost cementitious materials were prepared using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash(MSWI FA),blast furnace slag(BFS),and desulfurization gypsum(DFG)as raw materials to reduce clinker usage.Results showed that the compressive strength of K5(mass ratio of BFS:DFG:MSWI FA=7:1:2)after 360 d of curing was 41.49 MPa,with a low leaching concentration of heavy metal residues that meet groundwater Class II standards,a dioxin content of only 25 ngTEG/kg,and a stable pH value ranging between 11 and 11.5.Microscopic analysis revealed a continuous decrease in the Ca/Si atomic ratios of K4(mass ratio of BFS:DFG:MSWI FA:P-I 42.5=42:10:20:28)and K5,i.e.,1.18-1.54 and 1.04-1.23,respectively,with the increase in the hydration age.The highest Al/Si atomic ratio of K5,i.e.,0.26-0.31,was observed with the strongest conversion trend of calcium-silicate-hydrate gel into calcium-aluminum-silicate-hydrate gel,and the network structure of sodium-(calcium)-aluminum-silicate-hydrate gel zeolite-like phase was generated.The water-to-binder(WTB)mass ratio of 0.35 was determined to be more suitable for the K4 and K5 systems and resulted in a 56.83%and 90.82%reduction in half-life ta compared with the WTB ratio of o.5,respectively.Notably,the value of the reaction velocity constant K in the induction period was 10 times that of K1,and the autocatalytic reaction controlled the value of N to<1.The X-ray absorption near-edge structure indicated that Zn solidification produced Zn_(2)SiO_(4) with a small solubility product.The production of 1 t of K5 emitted only 10.83 kg/t of CO_(2),which was 40 times less than that of K1.Overall,K5 provides the highest economic benefit at 40.08 USD/t,and the clinker-free cementitious system with multisolid waste synergy has significant advantages in terms of solidifying harmful substances,reducing carbon emissions,and lowering costs.展开更多
文摘Natural gas production from a gas reservoir （Reservoir A） located in the south of Iran, presents solids deposition during processing because the condensate contains suspended and dissolved solids. Solids deposition occurs not only in the transportation lines from the wells to the separators but also in the various operating units of gas streams and condensate stream. In this study, the multisolid-phase model has been used to predict the wax precipitation from gas and gas condensate fluids. The properties of gas and liquid phases are described using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong （SRK） equation of state. The model is then used to predict the possibility of the wax formation in Reservoir A gas facilities, located at the south of Iran. Solid deposition which occurred in the various streams of that facility confirmed the calculated results. Finally, the wax appearance temperature （WAT）, the weight percent of wax formation and the effects of pressure and temperature on the wax formation were also predicted.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2019YFC1803500 and 2020YFC1910000)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.FRF-TP-20-003A1 and FRF-IDRY-20-014).
文摘The development of low-carbon cementitious materials involves the selection of the appropriate raw materials and the transformation of the hydration mechanism.In this study,low-carbon and low-cost cementitious materials were prepared using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash(MSWI FA),blast furnace slag(BFS),and desulfurization gypsum(DFG)as raw materials to reduce clinker usage.Results showed that the compressive strength of K5(mass ratio of BFS:DFG:MSWI FA=7:1:2)after 360 d of curing was 41.49 MPa,with a low leaching concentration of heavy metal residues that meet groundwater Class II standards,a dioxin content of only 25 ngTEG/kg,and a stable pH value ranging between 11 and 11.5.Microscopic analysis revealed a continuous decrease in the Ca/Si atomic ratios of K4(mass ratio of BFS:DFG:MSWI FA:P-I 42.5=42:10:20:28)and K5,i.e.,1.18-1.54 and 1.04-1.23,respectively,with the increase in the hydration age.The highest Al/Si atomic ratio of K5,i.e.,0.26-0.31,was observed with the strongest conversion trend of calcium-silicate-hydrate gel into calcium-aluminum-silicate-hydrate gel,and the network structure of sodium-(calcium)-aluminum-silicate-hydrate gel zeolite-like phase was generated.The water-to-binder(WTB)mass ratio of 0.35 was determined to be more suitable for the K4 and K5 systems and resulted in a 56.83%and 90.82%reduction in half-life ta compared with the WTB ratio of o.5,respectively.Notably,the value of the reaction velocity constant K in the induction period was 10 times that of K1,and the autocatalytic reaction controlled the value of N to<1.The X-ray absorption near-edge structure indicated that Zn solidification produced Zn_(2)SiO_(4) with a small solubility product.The production of 1 t of K5 emitted only 10.83 kg/t of CO_(2),which was 40 times less than that of K1.Overall,K5 provides the highest economic benefit at 40.08 USD/t,and the clinker-free cementitious system with multisolid waste synergy has significant advantages in terms of solidifying harmful substances,reducing carbon emissions,and lowering costs.
