Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing(MDM)technique is considered a promising candidate to enhance the capacity of an optical transmission system,in which mode multiplexers/demultiplexers(MMUX/MDEMUX)with low inse...Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing(MDM)technique is considered a promising candidate to enhance the capacity of an optical transmission system,in which mode multiplexers/demultiplexers(MMUX/MDEMUX)with low insertion loss and modal crosstalk are the key components.In this paper,a low-modal-crosstalk 4-mode MMUX/MDEMUX for the weakly-coupled triple-ring-core few-mode fiber(TRC-FMF)is designed and fabricated with side-polishing processing.The measurement results show that a pair of MMUX/MDEMUX and 25 km weakly-coupled TRC-FMF MDM link achieve low modal crosstalk of lower than−17.5 dB and insertion loss of lower than 11.56 dB for all the four modes.Based on the TRC-FMF and all-fiber MMUX/MDEMUX,an experiment for 25 km real-time 4-mode 3-λwavelength division multiplexing(WDM)-MDM transmission is conducted using commercial 400G optical transport network(OTN)transceivers.The experimental results prove weakly-coupled MDM techniques facilitate a smooth upgrade of the optical transmission system.展开更多
Dealing with the increase in data workloads and network complexity requires efficient selective manipulation of any channels in hybrid mode-/wavelength-division multiplexing(MDM/WDM)systems.A reconfigurable optical ad...Dealing with the increase in data workloads and network complexity requires efficient selective manipulation of any channels in hybrid mode-/wavelength-division multiplexing(MDM/WDM)systems.A reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer(ROADM)using special modal field redistribution is proposed and demonstrated to enable the selective access of any mode-/wavelength-channels.With the assistance of the subwavelength grating structures,the launched modes are redistributed to be the supermodes localized at different regions of the multimode bus waveguide.Microring resonators are placed at the corresponding side of the bus waveguide to have specific evanescent coupling of the redistributed supermodes,so that any mode-/wavelength-channel can be added/dropped by thermally tuning the resonant wavelength.As an example,a ROADM for the case with three mode-channels is designed with low excess losses of<0.6,0.7,and 1.3 dB as well as low cross talks of<−26.3,−28.5,and−39.3 dB for the TE0,TE1,and TE2 modes,respectively,around the central wavelength of 1550 nm.The data transmission of 30 Gbps∕channel is also demonstrated successfully.The present ROADM provides a promising route for data switching/routing in hybrid MDM/WDM systems.展开更多
Femtosecond laser fabrication technology has been applied to photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexers owing to its 3D fabrication capability.Current photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexer designs based on femtosecond laser...Femtosecond laser fabrication technology has been applied to photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexers owing to its 3D fabrication capability.Current photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexer designs based on femtosecond laser fabrication technology mostly follow a fibre-type photonic lantern design,which uses trajectory-symmetry structures with non-uniform waveguides for selective mode excitation.However,non-uniform waveguides can lead to inconsistent waveguide transmission and coupling losses.Trajectory-symmetry designs are inefficient for selective-mode excitation.Therefore,we optimised the design using trajectory asymmetry with uniform waveguides and fabricated superior ultrafast laser-inscribed photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexers.Consistent waveguide transmission and coupling losses(0.1 dB/cm and 0.2 dB/facet,respectively)at 1550 nm were obtained on uniform single-mode waveguides.Based on the trajectory-asymmetry design for photonic-lantern mode LPa11 LPb11 LP01(de)multiplexers,efficient mode excitation(,,and)with average insertion losses as low as 1 dB at 1550 nm was achieved,with mode-dependent losses of less than 0.3 dB.The photonic-lantern design was polarisation-insensitive,and the polarisation-determined losses were less than 0.2 dB.Along with polarisation LPa11x LPa11y LPb11x LPb11y LP01xmultiplexing realised by fibre-type polarisation beam splitters,six signal channels(,,,,,LP01yand),each carrying 42 Gaud/s quadrature phase-shift keying signals,were transmitted through a few-mode fibre for optical transmission.The average insertion loss of the system is less than 5 dB,while its maximum crosstalk with the few-mode fibre is less than-12 dB,leading to a 4-dB power penalty.The findings of this study pave the way for the practical application of 3D integrated photonic chips in high-capacity optical transmission systems.展开更多
Ultrasound(US)imaging is a fundamental tool in healthcare for the diagnosis of diverse conditions.Wearable,flexible ultrasound patches could expand the scope of US imaging to continuous,at-home monitoring without prof...Ultrasound(US)imaging is a fundamental tool in healthcare for the diagnosis of diverse conditions.Wearable,flexible ultrasound patches could expand the scope of US imaging to continuous,at-home monitoring without professional intervention,but require scaling to large numbers of transducer elements.This poses challenges in interconnect density,power consumption,and data bandwidth.To improve interconnect density,we present the first integration of flexible ultrasound transducers with flexible a-IGZO thin-film transistor(TFT)multiplexing electronics.In the Si CMOS readout chip,a new circuit technique cuts front-end power,while a log-delta ADC compresses data efficiently.Our system achieves an 8×reduction in required front-end circuitry and a 42%decrease in front-end power.The data needed to describe the ultrasound image are reduced five-fold,decreasing data transmission power by the same factor.These advances bring the vision of wearable high-density,large-area ultrasound imaging patches for monitoring one step closer.展开更多
We report on an eight-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on cascaded microring resonators with a high tuning power consumption and a compact footprint. Microheaters are fabricated on top of the ...We report on an eight-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on cascaded microring resonators with a high tuning power consumption and a compact footprint. Microheaters are fabricated on top of the microring resonators and can be modulated using the thermo-optic effect to achieve the reconfigurable functionality of the device. We demonstrate the reconfigurable add-drop multiplexing functionality for channel spacings of 1 O0 GHz and 50 GHz, with the centre wavelengths of the channels aligned to International Telecommunication Union grid specifications. The crosstalk for channel spacings of 100 GHz and 50 GHz are less than -22.5 dB and -15.5 dB, respectively. The average tuning efficiency is about 4.5 mW/nm, and the response speed is about 13.0 kHz.展开更多
This paper proves that a synchronous demultiplexer has the same logic function as a synchronous multiplexer. A new approach is proposed to implement synchronous demultiplexers in high-speed ISDN switching networks. A ...This paper proves that a synchronous demultiplexer has the same logic function as a synchronous multiplexer. A new approach is proposed to implement synchronous demultiplexers in high-speed ISDN switching networks. A synchronous demultiplexer is designed utilizing the same structure as a synchronous shuffle multiplexer. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that for the same capacity, the new method is more tolerant of signal delay variation, so a very high-speed synchronous demultiplexer can be designed with the larger capacity required in large capacity synchronous switching networks.展开更多
Advancements in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)techniques,aimed at surpassing the Shannon limit and augmenting transmission capacity,have garnered significant attention in optical fiber communica-tion,propelling the d...Advancements in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)techniques,aimed at surpassing the Shannon limit and augmenting transmission capacity,have garnered significant attention in optical fiber communica-tion,propelling the demand for high-quality multiplexers and demultiplexers.However,the criteria for ideal-mode multiplexers/demultiplexers,such as performance,scalability,compatibility,and ultra-compactness,have only partially been achieved using conventional bulky devices(e.g.,waveguides,grat-ings,and free space optics)—an issue that will substantially restrict the application of MDM techniques.Here,we present a neuro-meta-router(NMR)optimized through deep learning that achieves spatial multi-mode division and supports multi-channel communication,potentially offering scalability,com-patibility,and ultra-compactness.An MDM communication system based on an NMR is theoretically designed and experimentally demonstrated to enable simultaneous and independent multi-dataset transmission,showcasing a capacity of up to 100 gigabits per second(Gbps)and a symbol error rate down to the order of 104,all achieved without any compensation technologies or correlation devices.Our work presents a paradigm that merges metasurfaces,fiber communications,and deep learning,with potential applications in intelligent metasurface-aided optical interconnection,as well as all-optical pat-tern recognition and classification.展开更多
Sixth Generation(6G)mobile communication networks will involve sensing as a new function,with the overwhelming trend of Integrated Sensing And Communications(ISAC).Although expanding the serving range of the networks,...Sixth Generation(6G)mobile communication networks will involve sensing as a new function,with the overwhelming trend of Integrated Sensing And Communications(ISAC).Although expanding the serving range of the networks,there exists performance trade-offbetween communication and sensing,in that they have competitions on the physical resources.Different resource allocation schemes will result in different sensing and communication performance,thus influencing the system’s overall performance.Therefore,how to model the system’s overall performance,and how to optimize it are key issues for ISAC.Relying on the large-scale deployment of the networks,cooperative ISAC has the advantages of wider coverage,more robust performance and good compatibility of multiple monostatic and multistatic sensing,compared to the non-cooperative ISAC.How to capture the performance gain of cooperation is a key issue for cooperative ISAC.To address the aforementioned vital problems,in this paper,we analyze the sensing accuracy gain,propose a unified ISAC performance evaluation framework and design several optimization methods in cooperative ISAC systems.The cooperative sensing accuracy gain is theoretically analyzed via Cramér Rao lower bound.The unified ISAC performance evaluation model is established by converting the communication mutual information to the effective minimum mean squared error.To optimize the unified ISAC performance,we design the optimization algorithms considering three factors:base stations’working modes,power allocation schemes and waveform design.Through simulations,we show the performance gain of the cooperative ISAC system and the effectiveness of the proposed optimization methods.展开更多
A 16-channel arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)with an 800 GHz channel spacing in the O-band has been developed and fabricated based on silica planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology.By extending the wave⁃length allocatio...A 16-channel arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)with an 800 GHz channel spacing in the O-band has been developed and fabricated based on silica planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology.By extending the wave⁃length allocation from 8 channels to 16 channels as specified in IEEE 802.3bs,we increased the number of chan⁃nels and boosted transmission capacity to meet the 1.6 Tbps and higher-speed signal transmission requirements for future data centers.Through optimizing the AWG structure,it has achieved insertion loss(IL)better than-1.61 dB,loss uniformity below 0.35 dB,polarization-dependent loss(PDL)below 0.35 dB,adjacent channel cross⁃talk under-20.05 dB,ripple less than 0.75 dB,center wavelength offset under 0.22 nm and 1 dB bandwidth ex⁃ceeding 2.88 nm.The AWG has been successfully measured to transmit 53 Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modu⁃lation(PAM4)signal per channel and the total transmission speed can reach over 1.6 Tbps.展开更多
Introduction: Arbovirus diseases such as dengue and chikungunya threaten public health worldwide. Early and rapid diagnosis and surveillance of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections are essentia...Introduction: Arbovirus diseases such as dengue and chikungunya threaten public health worldwide. Early and rapid diagnosis and surveillance of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections are essential to the control of these diseases. In this study, we evaluate the diagnostic performance of our new in-house multiplex RT-qPCR method for detecting DENV serotypes and CHIKV in an external laboratory. Methodology: The evaluation study was conducted on 200 clinical samples of suspected patients for arbovirus disease infection, collected in Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Our new multiplex RT-qPCR was compared to the commercial kit, the Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya (ZDC) Real-Time PCR Assays kit (Bio-Rad, California, USA). Results and Conclusions: Among 200 samples, 21.5% (43/200) were DENV-positive by multiplex RT-qPCR, and 21.5% (43/200) were also DENV-positive by reference real-time RT-PCR. 157 (78.5%) samples tested negative for DENV by both tests (new mRT-qPCR and reference test). The sensitivity and specificity of mRT-qPCR were 100%. The DENV serotypes detected were DENV-1 60.5% (26/43) and DENV-3 39.5% (17/43). CHIKV was not detected in this study. Our new mRT-qPCR is sensitive, cost-effective, simple, and can be used in developing country laboratories.展开更多
Dynamically tunable terahertz(THz)beam focusing plays a critical role in emerging applications including reconfigurable imaging,localized spectral analysis,and micro-machining.Conventional methods,however,frequently e...Dynamically tunable terahertz(THz)beam focusing plays a critical role in emerging applications including reconfigurable imaging,localized spectral analysis,and micro-machining.Conventional methods,however,frequently employ complex wavefront modulators and external control algorithms,resulting in increased system footprint and limited tuning efficiency.In this work,we present an all-silicon mechanically rotatable cascaded metasurface capable of dynamic THz beam focusing.By independently adjusting the relative rotation angles between the two metasurface layers,real-time repositioning of the focal spot is achieved for orthogonal circular polarization channels.The proposed design facilitates polarization-division multiplexing without requiring external algorithms or active materials while preserving high focusing efficiency and beam quality across a predefined focal plane.Numerical simulations reveal a quasi-linear shift of the focal position with the rotation angle,with stable focusing efficiency and full-width at half-maximum observed in both polarization channels.This strategy offers an efficient and reliable approach to dynamic wavefront control for compact,reconfigurable THz imaging,sensing,and communication systems.展开更多
Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have transformed three-dimensional(3D)optical imaging and metrology,enabling high-resolution and high-precision 3D surface geometry measurements from one single fringe pa...Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have transformed three-dimensional(3D)optical imaging and metrology,enabling high-resolution and high-precision 3D surface geometry measurements from one single fringe pattern projection.However,the imaging speed of conventional fringe projection profilometry(FPP)remains limited by the native sensor refresh rates due to the inherent"one-to-one"synchronization mechanism between pattern projection and image acquisition in standard structured light techniques.Here,we present dual-frequency angular-multiplexed fringe projection profilometry(DFAMFPP),a deep learning-enabled 3D imaging technique that achieves high-speed,high-precision,and large-depth-range absolute 3D surface measurements at speeds 16 times faster than the sensor's native frame rate.By encoding multi-timeframe 3D information into a single multiplexed image using multiple pairs of dual-frequency fringes,high-accuracy absolute phase maps are reconstructed using specially trained two-stage number-theoretical-based deep neural networks.We validate the effectiveness of DFAMFPP through dynamic scene measurements,achieving 10,000 Hz 3D imaging of a running turbofan engine prototype with only a 625 Hz camera.By overcoming the sensor hardware bottleneck,DFAMFPP significantly advances high-speed and ultra-high-speed 3D imaging,opening new avenues for exploring dynamic processes across diverse scientific disciplines.展开更多
We demonstrate a bipolar graphene/F_(16)CuPc synaptic transistor(GFST)with matched p-type and n-type bipolar properties,which emulates multiplexed neurotransmission of the release of two excitatory neurotransmitters i...We demonstrate a bipolar graphene/F_(16)CuPc synaptic transistor(GFST)with matched p-type and n-type bipolar properties,which emulates multiplexed neurotransmission of the release of two excitatory neurotransmitters in graphene and F_(16)CuPc channels,separately.This process facilitates fast-switching plasticity by altering charge carriers in the separated channels.The complementary neural network for image recognition of Fashion-MNIST dataset was constructed using the matched relative amplitude and plasticity properties of the GFST dominated by holes or electrons to improve the weight regulation and recognition accuracy,achieving a pattern recognition accuracy of 83.23%.These results provide new insights to the construction of future neuromorphic systems.展开更多
Ultrasensitive detection of multiple diseases markers is of great importance in improving diagnostic accuracy,precision,and efficiency.A versatile Au nanozyme Raman probe strategy was employed to develop an ultrasensi...Ultrasensitive detection of multiple diseases markers is of great importance in improving diagnostic accuracy,precision,and efficiency.A versatile Au nanozyme Raman probe strategy was employed to develop an ultrasensitive multiplex surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)immunosensor using encoded silica photonic crystal beads(SPCBs).The efficient Au nanozyme Raman probe strategy was constructed using a robust Au nanozyme with high dual enzyme-like activity and SERS activity.On the one hand,Au nanozyme tags with oxidase-like activity can catalyze the oxidation of Raman-inactive 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)to Raman-active oxidized TMB(ox-TMB)in the presence of O_(2).On the other hand,Au nanozyme tags with peroxidase-like activity can catalyze Raman-inactive TMB to Ramanactive ox-TMB in the presence of H_(2)O_(2).This dual catalysis action results in many Raman-active reporter molecules(ox-TMB)enabling highly sensitive detection.Meanwhile,the Au nanozyme as an extraordinary SERS substrate further enhances the detection signals of these Raman reporter molecules.Using reflection peaks of different SPCBs to encode tumor markers,an ultrasensitive multiplex SERS immunosensor was developed for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),which exhibited wide linear ranges of 0.001-100 ng/m L for CEA and 0.01-1000 ng/m L for AFP,accompanied by low detection limits of 0.66 pg/m L for CEA and 9.5 pg/m L for AFP,respectively.This work demonstrates a universal and promising nanozyme Raman probe strategy to develop ultrasensitive multiplex SERS immunosensors for precise clinical diagnosis of disease.展开更多
Compact antenna designs have become a critical component in the recent advancements of wireless communication technologies over the past few decades. This paper presents a self-multiplexing antenna based on diplexing ...Compact antenna designs have become a critical component in the recent advancements of wireless communication technologies over the past few decades. This paper presents a self-multiplexing antenna based on diplexing and quadruplexing Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) cavities. The diplexing structure incorporates two V-shaped slots, while the quadruplexing structure advances this concept by combining the slots to form a cross-shaped configuration within the cavity. The widths and lengths of the slots are carefully tuned to achieve variations in the respective operating frequencies without affecting the others. The proposed diplexing antenna resonates at 8.48 and 9.2 GHz, with a frequency ratio of 1.08, while the quadruplexing antenna operates at 6.9, 7.1, 7.48, and 8.2GHz. Both designs exhibit isolation levels well below –20dB and achieve a simulated peak gain of 5.6 dBi at the highest frequency, with a compact cavity area of 0.56 λg^(2). The proposed antennas operate within the NR bands (n12, n18, n26), making them suitable for modern high-speed wireless communication systems. Moreover, the properties like multiband operation, compactness, high isolation, low loss, and low interference make the antenna favorable for the high-speed railway communication systems.展开更多
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),hepatic fibrosis,and cirrhosis are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),yet current blood-based diagnostic assays lack suffici...BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),hepatic fibrosis,and cirrhosis are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),yet current blood-based diagnostic assays lack sufficient accuracy for routine clinical use.Identifying a non-invasive molecular signature that accurately detects liver disease could improve early diagnosis and monitoring.We hypothesized that the Liver FibraChek Dx■serum assay could discriminate MASLD and HCC from healthy controls using a multiplex biomarker-based algorithm.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Liver FibraChek Dx■assay for detecting MASLD and HCC.METHODS This was a prospective,single-center study conducted in a United States tertiary care setting.Serum samples were collected from 45 participants(14 MASLD,19 HCC,12 healthy controls)with liver histology confirmed by biopsy.The Liver FibraChek Dx■algorithm integrates weighted values of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,taurocholic acid,L-tyrosine,platelet count,and patient age to generate a risk score.Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to assess associations with histologic diagnosis,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves quantified diagnostic performance.RESULTS Liver FibraChek Dx■risk scores were significantly elevated in MASLD and HCC compared to controls(median:6.92±3.86 vs 3.61±1.67,P<0.001).The area under the ROC curve was 0.890(95%CI:0.776-1.000)for distinguishing diseased from healthy individuals.Sensitivity was 93.9%,specificity 75.0%,positive predictive value 91.1%,negative predictive value 81.8%,and overall accuracy 88.9%.CONCLUSION The Liver FibraChek Dx■assay accurately detects liver disease and shows promise as a non-invasive tool for diagnosing and monitoring MASLD and HCC.展开更多
In a few-mode erbium-doped fiber(FM-EDF),which is a key section in a space-division multiplexing(SDM)communication system,linearly polarized(LP)and orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes,as twomode bases with different ph...In a few-mode erbium-doped fiber(FM-EDF),which is a key section in a space-division multiplexing(SDM)communication system,linearly polarized(LP)and orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes,as twomode bases with different phase profiles,can be transformed into each other.In principle,the LP and OAM modes have a different mode spatial intensity distribution and a gain difference for FM-EDF amplifiers.How to analyze and characterize the differential mode-bases gain(DMBG)is important,but still an issue.We build,for the first time to our knowledge,a local analysis model composed of discrete elements of the FM-EDF cross section in areas of mode spatial intensity distribution azimuthal variation.Using the model of the two mode bases,analysis of local particle number distribution and detailed description of the local gain difference are realized,and the overall gain difference between the two mode bases is obtained.By building an amplifier system based on mode phase profile controlling,the gain of two mode bases is characterized experimentally.The measured DMBG is∼0.8 dB in the second-order mode,which is consistent with the simulation result.This result provides a potential way to reduce the mode gain difference in the FM-EDF,which is important in improving the performance of the SDM communication system.展开更多
Channel state information(CSI)is very important to sparse code multiple access combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(SCMA-OFDM)systems for data detection.The main goal of this paper is to tackle the...Channel state information(CSI)is very important to sparse code multiple access combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(SCMA-OFDM)systems for data detection.The main goal of this paper is to tackle the computational complexity and pilot overhead issues when estima-ting and tracking the channel frequency response of each user in uplink SCMA-OFDM systems.To this end,a new binary pilot structure is first designed to realize the initial channel estimation with significantly reduced computational complexity.Then,a channel tracking method is proposed to update the channel estimation in time-varying channels,which exploits a modified least mean square(LMS)technique with the feedback from the detector.Simulation results show that the pro-posed pilot structure can provide accurate channel estimation results.Moreover,the average bit error rate(BER)performance of the modified LMS algorithm can approach that of a detector with perfect CSI within 2 dB at the normalized Doppler frequency up to 6×10^(-6).展开更多
Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extens...Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.展开更多
基金supported in part by the ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds.
文摘Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing(MDM)technique is considered a promising candidate to enhance the capacity of an optical transmission system,in which mode multiplexers/demultiplexers(MMUX/MDEMUX)with low insertion loss and modal crosstalk are the key components.In this paper,a low-modal-crosstalk 4-mode MMUX/MDEMUX for the weakly-coupled triple-ring-core few-mode fiber(TRC-FMF)is designed and fabricated with side-polishing processing.The measurement results show that a pair of MMUX/MDEMUX and 25 km weakly-coupled TRC-FMF MDM link achieve low modal crosstalk of lower than−17.5 dB and insertion loss of lower than 11.56 dB for all the four modes.Based on the TRC-FMF and all-fiber MMUX/MDEMUX,an experiment for 25 km real-time 4-mode 3-λwavelength division multiplexing(WDM)-MDM transmission is conducted using commercial 400G optical transport network(OTN)transceivers.The experimental results prove weakly-coupled MDM techniques facilitate a smooth upgrade of the optical transmission system.
基金supported by the National Major Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019YFB2203600)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.61725503)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62125503,91950205,61961146003,and 62005238)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LD19F050001)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesThe Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2021R01001).
文摘Dealing with the increase in data workloads and network complexity requires efficient selective manipulation of any channels in hybrid mode-/wavelength-division multiplexing(MDM/WDM)systems.A reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer(ROADM)using special modal field redistribution is proposed and demonstrated to enable the selective access of any mode-/wavelength-channels.With the assistance of the subwavelength grating structures,the launched modes are redistributed to be the supermodes localized at different regions of the multimode bus waveguide.Microring resonators are placed at the corresponding side of the bus waveguide to have specific evanescent coupling of the redistributed supermodes,so that any mode-/wavelength-channel can be added/dropped by thermally tuning the resonant wavelength.As an example,a ROADM for the case with three mode-channels is designed with low excess losses of<0.6,0.7,and 1.3 dB as well as low cross talks of<−26.3,−28.5,and−39.3 dB for the TE0,TE1,and TE2 modes,respectively,around the central wavelength of 1550 nm.The data transmission of 30 Gbps∕channel is also demonstrated successfully.The present ROADM provides a promising route for data switching/routing in hybrid MDM/WDM systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62125503,62261160388)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2023AFA028)the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(OVL2021BG004).
文摘Femtosecond laser fabrication technology has been applied to photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexers owing to its 3D fabrication capability.Current photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexer designs based on femtosecond laser fabrication technology mostly follow a fibre-type photonic lantern design,which uses trajectory-symmetry structures with non-uniform waveguides for selective mode excitation.However,non-uniform waveguides can lead to inconsistent waveguide transmission and coupling losses.Trajectory-symmetry designs are inefficient for selective-mode excitation.Therefore,we optimised the design using trajectory asymmetry with uniform waveguides and fabricated superior ultrafast laser-inscribed photonic-lantern mode(de)multiplexers.Consistent waveguide transmission and coupling losses(0.1 dB/cm and 0.2 dB/facet,respectively)at 1550 nm were obtained on uniform single-mode waveguides.Based on the trajectory-asymmetry design for photonic-lantern mode LPa11 LPb11 LP01(de)multiplexers,efficient mode excitation(,,and)with average insertion losses as low as 1 dB at 1550 nm was achieved,with mode-dependent losses of less than 0.3 dB.The photonic-lantern design was polarisation-insensitive,and the polarisation-determined losses were less than 0.2 dB.Along with polarisation LPa11x LPa11y LPb11x LPb11y LP01xmultiplexing realised by fibre-type polarisation beam splitters,six signal channels(,,,,,LP01yand),each carrying 42 Gaud/s quadrature phase-shift keying signals,were transmitted through a few-mode fibre for optical transmission.The average insertion loss of the system is less than 5 dB,while its maximum crosstalk with the few-mode fibre is less than-12 dB,leading to a 4-dB power penalty.The findings of this study pave the way for the practical application of 3D integrated photonic chips in high-capacity optical transmission systems.
基金supported by the Dutch Research Council(NWO)under Project 17608。
文摘Ultrasound(US)imaging is a fundamental tool in healthcare for the diagnosis of diverse conditions.Wearable,flexible ultrasound patches could expand the scope of US imaging to continuous,at-home monitoring without professional intervention,but require scaling to large numbers of transducer elements.This poses challenges in interconnect density,power consumption,and data bandwidth.To improve interconnect density,we present the first integration of flexible ultrasound transducers with flexible a-IGZO thin-film transistor(TFT)multiplexing electronics.In the Si CMOS readout chip,a new circuit technique cuts front-end power,while a log-delta ADC compresses data efficiently.Our system achieves an 8×reduction in required front-end circuitry and a 42%decrease in front-end power.The data needed to describe the ultrasound image are reduced five-fold,decreasing data transmission power by the same factor.These advances bring the vision of wearable high-density,large-area ultrasound imaging patches for monitoring one step closer.
文摘We report on an eight-channel reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer based on cascaded microring resonators with a high tuning power consumption and a compact footprint. Microheaters are fabricated on top of the microring resonators and can be modulated using the thermo-optic effect to achieve the reconfigurable functionality of the device. We demonstrate the reconfigurable add-drop multiplexing functionality for channel spacings of 1 O0 GHz and 50 GHz, with the centre wavelengths of the channels aligned to International Telecommunication Union grid specifications. The crosstalk for channel spacings of 100 GHz and 50 GHz are less than -22.5 dB and -15.5 dB, respectively. The average tuning efficiency is about 4.5 mW/nm, and the response speed is about 13.0 kHz.
文摘This paper proves that a synchronous demultiplexer has the same logic function as a synchronous multiplexer. A new approach is proposed to implement synchronous demultiplexers in high-speed ISDN switching networks. A synchronous demultiplexer is designed utilizing the same structure as a synchronous shuffle multiplexer. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that for the same capacity, the new method is more tolerant of signal delay variation, so a very high-speed synchronous demultiplexer can be designed with the larger capacity required in large capacity synchronous switching networks.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2804704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12174292,12374278,and 62105250).
文摘Advancements in mode-division multiplexing(MDM)techniques,aimed at surpassing the Shannon limit and augmenting transmission capacity,have garnered significant attention in optical fiber communica-tion,propelling the demand for high-quality multiplexers and demultiplexers.However,the criteria for ideal-mode multiplexers/demultiplexers,such as performance,scalability,compatibility,and ultra-compactness,have only partially been achieved using conventional bulky devices(e.g.,waveguides,grat-ings,and free space optics)—an issue that will substantially restrict the application of MDM techniques.Here,we present a neuro-meta-router(NMR)optimized through deep learning that achieves spatial multi-mode division and supports multi-channel communication,potentially offering scalability,com-patibility,and ultra-compactness.An MDM communication system based on an NMR is theoretically designed and experimentally demonstrated to enable simultaneous and independent multi-dataset transmission,showcasing a capacity of up to 100 gigabits per second(Gbps)and a symbol error rate down to the order of 104,all achieved without any compensation technologies or correlation devices.Our work presents a paradigm that merges metasurfaces,fiber communications,and deep learning,with potential applications in intelligent metasurface-aided optical interconnection,as well as all-optical pat-tern recognition and classification.
文摘Sixth Generation(6G)mobile communication networks will involve sensing as a new function,with the overwhelming trend of Integrated Sensing And Communications(ISAC).Although expanding the serving range of the networks,there exists performance trade-offbetween communication and sensing,in that they have competitions on the physical resources.Different resource allocation schemes will result in different sensing and communication performance,thus influencing the system’s overall performance.Therefore,how to model the system’s overall performance,and how to optimize it are key issues for ISAC.Relying on the large-scale deployment of the networks,cooperative ISAC has the advantages of wider coverage,more robust performance and good compatibility of multiple monostatic and multistatic sensing,compared to the non-cooperative ISAC.How to capture the performance gain of cooperation is a key issue for cooperative ISAC.To address the aforementioned vital problems,in this paper,we analyze the sensing accuracy gain,propose a unified ISAC performance evaluation framework and design several optimization methods in cooperative ISAC systems.The cooperative sensing accuracy gain is theoretically analyzed via Cramér Rao lower bound.The unified ISAC performance evaluation model is established by converting the communication mutual information to the effective minimum mean squared error.To optimize the unified ISAC performance,we design the optimization algorithms considering three factors:base stations’working modes,power allocation schemes and waveform design.Through simulations,we show the performance gain of the cooperative ISAC system and the effectiveness of the proposed optimization methods.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2800201)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB43000000)。
文摘A 16-channel arrayed waveguide grating(AWG)with an 800 GHz channel spacing in the O-band has been developed and fabricated based on silica planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology.By extending the wave⁃length allocation from 8 channels to 16 channels as specified in IEEE 802.3bs,we increased the number of chan⁃nels and boosted transmission capacity to meet the 1.6 Tbps and higher-speed signal transmission requirements for future data centers.Through optimizing the AWG structure,it has achieved insertion loss(IL)better than-1.61 dB,loss uniformity below 0.35 dB,polarization-dependent loss(PDL)below 0.35 dB,adjacent channel cross⁃talk under-20.05 dB,ripple less than 0.75 dB,center wavelength offset under 0.22 nm and 1 dB bandwidth ex⁃ceeding 2.88 nm.The AWG has been successfully measured to transmit 53 Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modu⁃lation(PAM4)signal per channel and the total transmission speed can reach over 1.6 Tbps.
文摘Introduction: Arbovirus diseases such as dengue and chikungunya threaten public health worldwide. Early and rapid diagnosis and surveillance of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections are essential to the control of these diseases. In this study, we evaluate the diagnostic performance of our new in-house multiplex RT-qPCR method for detecting DENV serotypes and CHIKV in an external laboratory. Methodology: The evaluation study was conducted on 200 clinical samples of suspected patients for arbovirus disease infection, collected in Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Our new multiplex RT-qPCR was compared to the commercial kit, the Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya (ZDC) Real-Time PCR Assays kit (Bio-Rad, California, USA). Results and Conclusions: Among 200 samples, 21.5% (43/200) were DENV-positive by multiplex RT-qPCR, and 21.5% (43/200) were also DENV-positive by reference real-time RT-PCR. 157 (78.5%) samples tested negative for DENV by both tests (new mRT-qPCR and reference test). The sensitivity and specificity of mRT-qPCR were 100%. The DENV serotypes detected were DENV-1 60.5% (26/43) and DENV-3 39.5% (17/43). CHIKV was not detected in this study. Our new mRT-qPCR is sensitive, cost-effective, simple, and can be used in developing country laboratories.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants U22A2008,12404484,12464016,and 62405219)the Double First Class Joint Special Key Project of Yunnan Science and Technology Department and Yunnan University(Grant 202401BF070001-012)Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program(Grant 25QNJJ2419).
文摘Dynamically tunable terahertz(THz)beam focusing plays a critical role in emerging applications including reconfigurable imaging,localized spectral analysis,and micro-machining.Conventional methods,however,frequently employ complex wavefront modulators and external control algorithms,resulting in increased system footprint and limited tuning efficiency.In this work,we present an all-silicon mechanically rotatable cascaded metasurface capable of dynamic THz beam focusing.By independently adjusting the relative rotation angles between the two metasurface layers,real-time repositioning of the focal spot is achieved for orthogonal circular polarization channels.The proposed design facilitates polarization-division multiplexing without requiring external algorithms or active materials while preserving high focusing efficiency and beam quality across a predefined focal plane.Numerical simulations reveal a quasi-linear shift of the focal position with the rotation angle,with stable focusing efficiency and full-width at half-maximum observed in both polarization channels.This strategy offers an efficient and reliable approach to dynamic wavefront control for compact,reconfigurable THz imaging,sensing,and communication systems.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2804603,2022YFB2804605)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2033)+4 种基金Fundamental Research Funds forthe Central Universities(2023102001,2024202002)National Key Laborato-ry of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics(JCKYS2024212111)China Post-doctoral Science Fund(2023T160318)Open Research Fund of JiangsuKey Laboratory of Spectral Imaging&Intelligent Sense(JSGP202105,JSGP202201)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX25_0695,SJCX25_0188)。
文摘Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have transformed three-dimensional(3D)optical imaging and metrology,enabling high-resolution and high-precision 3D surface geometry measurements from one single fringe pattern projection.However,the imaging speed of conventional fringe projection profilometry(FPP)remains limited by the native sensor refresh rates due to the inherent"one-to-one"synchronization mechanism between pattern projection and image acquisition in standard structured light techniques.Here,we present dual-frequency angular-multiplexed fringe projection profilometry(DFAMFPP),a deep learning-enabled 3D imaging technique that achieves high-speed,high-precision,and large-depth-range absolute 3D surface measurements at speeds 16 times faster than the sensor's native frame rate.By encoding multi-timeframe 3D information into a single multiplexed image using multiple pairs of dual-frequency fringes,high-accuracy absolute phase maps are reconstructed using specially trained two-stage number-theoretical-based deep neural networks.We validate the effectiveness of DFAMFPP through dynamic scene measurements,achieving 10,000 Hz 3D imaging of a running turbofan engine prototype with only a 625 Hz camera.By overcoming the sensor hardware bottleneck,DFAMFPP significantly advances high-speed and ultra-high-speed 3D imaging,opening new avenues for exploring dynamic processes across diverse scientific disciplines.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20210324121002008)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.T2125005)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFE0198200,2022YFA1204500,and 2022YFA1204504)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(Nos.22JCYBJC01290 and 23JCQNJC01440)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.22JCZDJC00120)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University(Nos.BEG124901 and BEG124401)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515110319)the Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(No.242102210171).
文摘We demonstrate a bipolar graphene/F_(16)CuPc synaptic transistor(GFST)with matched p-type and n-type bipolar properties,which emulates multiplexed neurotransmission of the release of two excitatory neurotransmitters in graphene and F_(16)CuPc channels,separately.This process facilitates fast-switching plasticity by altering charge carriers in the separated channels.The complementary neural network for image recognition of Fashion-MNIST dataset was constructed using the matched relative amplitude and plasticity properties of the GFST dominated by holes or electrons to improve the weight regulation and recognition accuracy,achieving a pattern recognition accuracy of 83.23%.These results provide new insights to the construction of future neuromorphic systems.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21475116,21575125 and 22474124)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20221370,BK20211362)+5 种基金Key University Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu-Province(No.20KJA150004)the Project for Science and Technology of Yangzhou(No.YZ2022074)the Project for Yangzhou City and Yangzhou University corporation(No.YZ2023204)Cross cooperation project of Subei Peoples’Hospital of Jiangsu Province(No.SBJC220009)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science(No.SKLACLS2405)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_3728)。
文摘Ultrasensitive detection of multiple diseases markers is of great importance in improving diagnostic accuracy,precision,and efficiency.A versatile Au nanozyme Raman probe strategy was employed to develop an ultrasensitive multiplex surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)immunosensor using encoded silica photonic crystal beads(SPCBs).The efficient Au nanozyme Raman probe strategy was constructed using a robust Au nanozyme with high dual enzyme-like activity and SERS activity.On the one hand,Au nanozyme tags with oxidase-like activity can catalyze the oxidation of Raman-inactive 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)to Raman-active oxidized TMB(ox-TMB)in the presence of O_(2).On the other hand,Au nanozyme tags with peroxidase-like activity can catalyze Raman-inactive TMB to Ramanactive ox-TMB in the presence of H_(2)O_(2).This dual catalysis action results in many Raman-active reporter molecules(ox-TMB)enabling highly sensitive detection.Meanwhile,the Au nanozyme as an extraordinary SERS substrate further enhances the detection signals of these Raman reporter molecules.Using reflection peaks of different SPCBs to encode tumor markers,an ultrasensitive multiplex SERS immunosensor was developed for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),which exhibited wide linear ranges of 0.001-100 ng/m L for CEA and 0.01-1000 ng/m L for AFP,accompanied by low detection limits of 0.66 pg/m L for CEA and 9.5 pg/m L for AFP,respectively.This work demonstrates a universal and promising nanozyme Raman probe strategy to develop ultrasensitive multiplex SERS immunosensors for precise clinical diagnosis of disease.
文摘Compact antenna designs have become a critical component in the recent advancements of wireless communication technologies over the past few decades. This paper presents a self-multiplexing antenna based on diplexing and quadruplexing Substrate-Integrated Waveguide (SIW) cavities. The diplexing structure incorporates two V-shaped slots, while the quadruplexing structure advances this concept by combining the slots to form a cross-shaped configuration within the cavity. The widths and lengths of the slots are carefully tuned to achieve variations in the respective operating frequencies without affecting the others. The proposed diplexing antenna resonates at 8.48 and 9.2 GHz, with a frequency ratio of 1.08, while the quadruplexing antenna operates at 6.9, 7.1, 7.48, and 8.2GHz. Both designs exhibit isolation levels well below –20dB and achieve a simulated peak gain of 5.6 dBi at the highest frequency, with a compact cavity area of 0.56 λg^(2). The proposed antennas operate within the NR bands (n12, n18, n26), making them suitable for modern high-speed wireless communication systems. Moreover, the properties like multiband operation, compactness, high isolation, low loss, and low interference make the antenna favorable for the high-speed railway communication systems.
文摘BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),hepatic fibrosis,and cirrhosis are major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),yet current blood-based diagnostic assays lack sufficient accuracy for routine clinical use.Identifying a non-invasive molecular signature that accurately detects liver disease could improve early diagnosis and monitoring.We hypothesized that the Liver FibraChek Dx■serum assay could discriminate MASLD and HCC from healthy controls using a multiplex biomarker-based algorithm.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Liver FibraChek Dx■assay for detecting MASLD and HCC.METHODS This was a prospective,single-center study conducted in a United States tertiary care setting.Serum samples were collected from 45 participants(14 MASLD,19 HCC,12 healthy controls)with liver histology confirmed by biopsy.The Liver FibraChek Dx■algorithm integrates weighted values of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,taurocholic acid,L-tyrosine,platelet count,and patient age to generate a risk score.Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to assess associations with histologic diagnosis,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves quantified diagnostic performance.RESULTS Liver FibraChek Dx■risk scores were significantly elevated in MASLD and HCC compared to controls(median:6.92±3.86 vs 3.61±1.67,P<0.001).The area under the ROC curve was 0.890(95%CI:0.776-1.000)for distinguishing diseased from healthy individuals.Sensitivity was 93.9%,specificity 75.0%,positive predictive value 91.1%,negative predictive value 81.8%,and overall accuracy 88.9%.CONCLUSION The Liver FibraChek Dx■assay accurately detects liver disease and shows promise as a non-invasive tool for diagnosing and monitoring MASLD and HCC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0706300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22B2010,62035018,and U2001601)+1 种基金the Program of Marine Economy Development Special Fund(Six Marine Industries)under the Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province(Grant No.GDNRC[2024]16)the project supported by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.SML2023SP231).
文摘In a few-mode erbium-doped fiber(FM-EDF),which is a key section in a space-division multiplexing(SDM)communication system,linearly polarized(LP)and orbital angular momentum(OAM)modes,as twomode bases with different phase profiles,can be transformed into each other.In principle,the LP and OAM modes have a different mode spatial intensity distribution and a gain difference for FM-EDF amplifiers.How to analyze and characterize the differential mode-bases gain(DMBG)is important,but still an issue.We build,for the first time to our knowledge,a local analysis model composed of discrete elements of the FM-EDF cross section in areas of mode spatial intensity distribution azimuthal variation.Using the model of the two mode bases,analysis of local particle number distribution and detailed description of the local gain difference are realized,and the overall gain difference between the two mode bases is obtained.By building an amplifier system based on mode phase profile controlling,the gain of two mode bases is characterized experimentally.The measured DMBG is∼0.8 dB in the second-order mode,which is consistent with the simulation result.This result provides a potential way to reduce the mode gain difference in the FM-EDF,which is important in improving the performance of the SDM communication system.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62171135)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2023J01399)。
文摘Channel state information(CSI)is very important to sparse code multiple access combined with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(SCMA-OFDM)systems for data detection.The main goal of this paper is to tackle the computational complexity and pilot overhead issues when estima-ting and tracking the channel frequency response of each user in uplink SCMA-OFDM systems.To this end,a new binary pilot structure is first designed to realize the initial channel estimation with significantly reduced computational complexity.Then,a channel tracking method is proposed to update the channel estimation in time-varying channels,which exploits a modified least mean square(LMS)technique with the feedback from the detector.Simulation results show that the pro-posed pilot structure can provide accurate channel estimation results.Moreover,the average bit error rate(BER)performance of the modified LMS algorithm can approach that of a detector with perfect CSI within 2 dB at the normalized Doppler frequency up to 6×10^(-6).
基金Project(52175445)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022JJ30743)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(2023GK2024)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2023ZZTS0391)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China。
文摘Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.
