The vibrational performance of wood materials critical affects the acoustic quality of a lute. The purpose of this research was to apply a multiple choice model to predict the quality of musical instruments based on d...The vibrational performance of wood materials critical affects the acoustic quality of a lute. The purpose of this research was to apply a multiple choice model to predict the quality of musical instruments based on data on lute soundboard vibrational properties of Paulownia wood. In the lute production, lute material selection mainly depends on the subjective evaluation of technicians, which is not only inefficient, but inaccurate. In this study, nine lutes were fabricated. Using the multiple selection model, the lute tone quality was predicted by the soundboard wood vibration data. Compared with the actual value, the dependent value predicted by the count of observations with the maximum probability had 22 erroneous judgments. The model precision is 87.78%. The results confirmed that the prediction model can be used as a guideline for the selection of the soundboard wood in musical instrument plants.展开更多
Language testing is very important and necessary,and moreover as we all know,nowadays,in English language testing, the muhiple-choice item is most widely used and many users regard the multiple-choice item as the most...Language testing is very important and necessary,and moreover as we all know,nowadays,in English language testing, the muhiple-choice item is most widely used and many users regard the multiple-choice item as the most flexible and probably the most effective of the objective item types.The multiple-choice item has its characteristics,advantages and disadvantages.We should bring out its strengths to make up for its weaknesses and use it appropriately.Although it has its limitations,it is suitable for large-scale tests and tests dealing with wide-range knowledge.We should correctly ap- ply testing principles and methods in order to make testing more effective and reliable.展开更多
In this paper, an exact algorithm was proposed for optimal redundancy in a series system with multiple component choices. A reformulation of the nonseparable reliability function was approximated by a separable intege...In this paper, an exact algorithm was proposed for optimal redundancy in a series system with multiple component choices. A reformulation of the nonseparable reliability function was approximated by a separable integer programming problem. The resulting separable nonlinear integer programming problem is used to compute upper bounds by Lagrangian relaxation and dual search. A special partition scheme was derived to reduce the duality gap in a branch-and-bound process, thus ensure the convergence of the algorithm. Computational results show that the algorithm is efficient for solving this class of reliability optimization problems.展开更多
In this paper,a research has been done to test grammar and usage in two types of items--completion items in context by using multiple choice techniques and completion items in separate sentences.The results of the two...In this paper,a research has been done to test grammar and usage in two types of items--completion items in context by using multiple choice techniques and completion items in separate sentences.The results of the two types of testing items and data have been analyzed to reveal that testing grammar and usage in the form of completion items in context by using multiple-choice techniques shows its advantages over completion forms in separate sentences by using multiple-choice techniques.展开更多
Introduction Large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated potential applications across diverse fields,yet their effectiveness in supporting field epidemiology investigations remains uncertain.Methods We assessed six ...Introduction Large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated potential applications across diverse fields,yet their effectiveness in supporting field epidemiology investigations remains uncertain.Methods We assessed six prominent LLMs(ChatGPT-o4-mini-high,ChatGPT-4o,DeepSeek-R1,DeepSeek-V3,Qwen3-235B-A22B,and Qwen2.5-max)using multiple-choice and case-based questions from the 2025 Zhejiang Field Epidemiology Training Program entrance examination.Model responses were evaluated against standard answers and benchmarked against performance scores from junior epidemiologists.Results For multiple-choice questions,only DeepSeek-V3(75%)exceeded the 75th percentile performance level of junior epidemiologists(67.5%).In case-based assessments,most LLMs achieved or surpassed the 75th percentile of junior epidemiologists,demonstrating particular strength in data analysis tasks.Conclusion Although LLMs demonstrate promise as supportive tools in field epidemiology investigations,they cannot yet replace human expertise.Significant challenges persist regarding the accuracy and timeliness of model outputs,alongside critical concerns about data security and privacy protection that must be addressed before widespread implementation.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)through Grant Number30972300
文摘The vibrational performance of wood materials critical affects the acoustic quality of a lute. The purpose of this research was to apply a multiple choice model to predict the quality of musical instruments based on data on lute soundboard vibrational properties of Paulownia wood. In the lute production, lute material selection mainly depends on the subjective evaluation of technicians, which is not only inefficient, but inaccurate. In this study, nine lutes were fabricated. Using the multiple selection model, the lute tone quality was predicted by the soundboard wood vibration data. Compared with the actual value, the dependent value predicted by the count of observations with the maximum probability had 22 erroneous judgments. The model precision is 87.78%. The results confirmed that the prediction model can be used as a guideline for the selection of the soundboard wood in musical instrument plants.
文摘Language testing is very important and necessary,and moreover as we all know,nowadays,in English language testing, the muhiple-choice item is most widely used and many users regard the multiple-choice item as the most flexible and probably the most effective of the objective item types.The multiple-choice item has its characteristics,advantages and disadvantages.We should bring out its strengths to make up for its weaknesses and use it appropriately.Although it has its limitations,it is suitable for large-scale tests and tests dealing with wide-range knowledge.We should correctly ap- ply testing principles and methods in order to make testing more effective and reliable.
文摘In this paper, an exact algorithm was proposed for optimal redundancy in a series system with multiple component choices. A reformulation of the nonseparable reliability function was approximated by a separable integer programming problem. The resulting separable nonlinear integer programming problem is used to compute upper bounds by Lagrangian relaxation and dual search. A special partition scheme was derived to reduce the duality gap in a branch-and-bound process, thus ensure the convergence of the algorithm. Computational results show that the algorithm is efficient for solving this class of reliability optimization problems.
文摘In this paper,a research has been done to test grammar and usage in two types of items--completion items in context by using multiple choice techniques and completion items in separate sentences.The results of the two types of testing items and data have been analyzed to reveal that testing grammar and usage in the form of completion items in context by using multiple-choice techniques shows its advantages over completion forms in separate sentences by using multiple-choice techniques.
基金Supported by the Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission(2024KY896)the Public Health Talent Development Support Program of National Disease Control and Prevention Administration(2025)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Vaccine and Preventive Research on Infectious Diseases from Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province(2024).
文摘Introduction Large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated potential applications across diverse fields,yet their effectiveness in supporting field epidemiology investigations remains uncertain.Methods We assessed six prominent LLMs(ChatGPT-o4-mini-high,ChatGPT-4o,DeepSeek-R1,DeepSeek-V3,Qwen3-235B-A22B,and Qwen2.5-max)using multiple-choice and case-based questions from the 2025 Zhejiang Field Epidemiology Training Program entrance examination.Model responses were evaluated against standard answers and benchmarked against performance scores from junior epidemiologists.Results For multiple-choice questions,only DeepSeek-V3(75%)exceeded the 75th percentile performance level of junior epidemiologists(67.5%).In case-based assessments,most LLMs achieved or surpassed the 75th percentile of junior epidemiologists,demonstrating particular strength in data analysis tasks.Conclusion Although LLMs demonstrate promise as supportive tools in field epidemiology investigations,they cannot yet replace human expertise.Significant challenges persist regarding the accuracy and timeliness of model outputs,alongside critical concerns about data security and privacy protection that must be addressed before widespread implementation.
