Multilayer paper-based cell culture,as an in vitro three-dimensional(3D)cell culture method,has been frequently used to research drug bioavailability,therapeutic efficacy,and dose-limiting toxicity in malignant tumors...Multilayer paper-based cell culture,as an in vitro three-dimensional(3D)cell culture method,has been frequently used to research drug bioavailability,therapeutic efficacy,and dose-limiting toxicity in malignant tumors.This paper proposes a heterogenous multilayer paper stacking co-culture system to establish a model of natural killer(NK)cells moving through the endothelium layer and attacking tumor spheroids.This system consists of three layers:a bottom tumor-spheroid layer,a middle invasion layer,and a top endothelium layer.NK-92 cells were placed in the supernatant on top of the three layers.After two days of co-culture,the attack of tumor spheroids by NK cells was observed.We additionally examined the infiltration of NK-92 cells within the tumor spheroids at different Z-axis depths using a confocal microscope,and the results suggested that the system successfully realizes NK cells traveling cross the endothelium layer to form tumor-infiltrating NK cells(TINKs).The potential application of multilayer paper for co-culture models involving cancer cells and immune cells holds great promise for exploring the interaction dynamics of these two cell types.展开更多
Traditional automated guided vehicle(AGV)primarily relies on scheduling systems to manage warehouse locations and execute picking or placing tasks on fixedheight pallets.However,these conventional systems are illsuite...Traditional automated guided vehicle(AGV)primarily relies on scheduling systems to manage warehouse locations and execute picking or placing tasks on fixedheight pallets.However,these conventional systems are illsuited for scenarios involving variable heights,such as vehicle loading and unloading or the complex stacking of soft packages.To address the challenges of AGV endeffector operations in nonfixed height scenarios,this paper proposes an innovative solution leveraging lowcost depth camera sensors.By capturing image and depth data,and integrating deep learning,image processing,and spatial attitude calculation techniques,the method accurately determines the position of the endeffector center point relative to the upper plane of the fork.The approach effectively resolves a key issue in AGV operations within intelligent logistics scenarios that lack fixed heights.The proposed algorithm is deployed on a domestic embedded,lowcost ARM chip controller,and extensive experiments are conducted on a real AGV equipped with multiple stacked vehicles and nonstandard vehicles.The experimental results demonstrate that for diverse vehicles with different heights,the measurement error can be maintained within±10 mm,satisfying the requirements for highprecision measurement.The height measurement method developed in the paper not only enhances the AGV’s adaptability in nonfixed height scenarios but also significantly broadens its application potential across various industries.展开更多
Radio-photovoltaic cells(RPVCs)are able to offer high reliability and extended operational lifetimes,making them ideal for harsh-environment applications.However,the two-stage energy conversion process inherently limi...Radio-photovoltaic cells(RPVCs)are able to offer high reliability and extended operational lifetimes,making them ideal for harsh-environment applications.However,the two-stage energy conversion process inherently limits energy conversion efficiency(ECE).This study presents a novel RPVC design based on a waveguide light concentration(WLC)scheme,employing multilayer-stacked GAGG:Ce scintillation waveguides alternately loaded with^(90)Sr radioisotope sources.Electron beam irradiation tests revealed highly efficient radioluminescence(RL)emission from the edge surfaces of GAGG:Ce waveguide at electron energies exceeding 60 keV.A RPVC prototype incorporating 1.43 Ci of^(90)Sr achieved a maximum output power(Pmax)of 48.9μW,with an unprecedented ECE of 2.96%—the highest reported value for radioisotope-powered RPVCs to date.Furthermore,a multi-module integrated RPVC prototype demonstrated a Pmax of 3.17 mW,with a short circuit current of 2.23 mA and an open circuit voltage of 2.14 V.Remarkably,the device exhibited only 13.8%RL performance degradation after a 50-year equivalent electron beam irradiation(total fluence:5.625×10^(18)e/cm^(2)),confirming exceptional radiation hardness.These findings demonstrate that the WLC-based RPVCs achieve both high power output and exceptional long-term stability,representing a substantial advancement for facilitating nuclear battery applications.展开更多
Moirésuperconductivity represents a new class of superconducting materials since the discovery of superconductivity in magic‐angle(1.1°)twisted bi‐layer graphene(MATBG),forming a Moirélattice with a m...Moirésuperconductivity represents a new class of superconducting materials since the discovery of superconductivity in magic‐angle(1.1°)twisted bi‐layer graphene(MATBG),forming a Moirélattice with a much bigger crystal parameter as the original lattice constant of graphene.Hence,experimentally changing the Moirétwist angle,0.93°≤Θ≤1.27,leads to a variation of the superconducting properties and enables a new way of engineering 2D superconducting materials.Details of the robust superconducting state of MATBG as function of charge carrier density,temperature and applied magnetic fields are reviewed.The influence of the top/bottom hexagonal boron nitride layer thickness on the superconducting properties of MATBG was also demonstrated in the literature.In all fabricated MATBG devices,changing of the charge carrier density leads to the appearance of insulating,metallic and even ferromagnetic states,which separate several superconducting domes in the phase diagram(longitudinal resistance,Rxx,as function of temperature T and charge carrier density,n).Further works have considered MATBG combined with WSe2‐layers,twisted bi‐layer WSe2,magic‐angle trilayer graphene(MATTG),and most recently,four‐layer(MAT4G)and five‐layer(MAT5G)stacks.The differences between the layered,cuprate high‐Tc superconductors and the Moirésuperconductors are compiled together.The collected information is then used to apply the Roeser‐Huber formalism to Moiré‐type superconductivity to calculate the superconducting transition temperature,Tc,using only information of the Moirélattice and the electronic configuration.To account for the different charge carrier densities in the experimental data sets and the low charge carrier mass demands that a new parameterηmust be introduced to the Roeser‐Huber formalism to enable the description of several superconducting domes found in the phase diagram for a given Moiréangle.Doing so,the calculated data fit well to the correlation curve defined within the Roeser‐Huber formalism.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171401)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Nos.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0808 and cstc2021jcyj-bsh0239)the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province(No.YSPTZX202126),China。
文摘Multilayer paper-based cell culture,as an in vitro three-dimensional(3D)cell culture method,has been frequently used to research drug bioavailability,therapeutic efficacy,and dose-limiting toxicity in malignant tumors.This paper proposes a heterogenous multilayer paper stacking co-culture system to establish a model of natural killer(NK)cells moving through the endothelium layer and attacking tumor spheroids.This system consists of three layers:a bottom tumor-spheroid layer,a middle invasion layer,and a top endothelium layer.NK-92 cells were placed in the supernatant on top of the three layers.After two days of co-culture,the attack of tumor spheroids by NK cells was observed.We additionally examined the infiltration of NK-92 cells within the tumor spheroids at different Z-axis depths using a confocal microscope,and the results suggested that the system successfully realizes NK cells traveling cross the endothelium layer to form tumor-infiltrating NK cells(TINKs).The potential application of multilayer paper for co-culture models involving cancer cells and immune cells holds great promise for exploring the interaction dynamics of these two cell types.
基金Supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(No.201904a05020035)the Postdoctoral Research Initiative of Anhui Province(No.2024B804)the Hefei City Key Technology Research and Development‘Ranking’(No.2023SGJ017).
文摘Traditional automated guided vehicle(AGV)primarily relies on scheduling systems to manage warehouse locations and execute picking or placing tasks on fixedheight pallets.However,these conventional systems are illsuited for scenarios involving variable heights,such as vehicle loading and unloading or the complex stacking of soft packages.To address the challenges of AGV endeffector operations in nonfixed height scenarios,this paper proposes an innovative solution leveraging lowcost depth camera sensors.By capturing image and depth data,and integrating deep learning,image processing,and spatial attitude calculation techniques,the method accurately determines the position of the endeffector center point relative to the upper plane of the fork.The approach effectively resolves a key issue in AGV operations within intelligent logistics scenarios that lack fixed heights.The proposed algorithm is deployed on a domestic embedded,lowcost ARM chip controller,and extensive experiments are conducted on a real AGV equipped with multiple stacked vehicles and nonstandard vehicles.The experimental results demonstrate that for diverse vehicles with different heights,the measurement error can be maintained within±10 mm,satisfying the requirements for highprecision measurement.The height measurement method developed in the paper not only enhances the AGV’s adaptability in nonfixed height scenarios but also significantly broadens its application potential across various industries.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB1903200)the Electronic Components Project of China(No.2009ZYHN0003).
文摘Radio-photovoltaic cells(RPVCs)are able to offer high reliability and extended operational lifetimes,making them ideal for harsh-environment applications.However,the two-stage energy conversion process inherently limits energy conversion efficiency(ECE).This study presents a novel RPVC design based on a waveguide light concentration(WLC)scheme,employing multilayer-stacked GAGG:Ce scintillation waveguides alternately loaded with^(90)Sr radioisotope sources.Electron beam irradiation tests revealed highly efficient radioluminescence(RL)emission from the edge surfaces of GAGG:Ce waveguide at electron energies exceeding 60 keV.A RPVC prototype incorporating 1.43 Ci of^(90)Sr achieved a maximum output power(Pmax)of 48.9μW,with an unprecedented ECE of 2.96%—the highest reported value for radioisotope-powered RPVCs to date.Furthermore,a multi-module integrated RPVC prototype demonstrated a Pmax of 3.17 mW,with a short circuit current of 2.23 mA and an open circuit voltage of 2.14 V.Remarkably,the device exhibited only 13.8%RL performance degradation after a 50-year equivalent electron beam irradiation(total fluence:5.625×10^(18)e/cm^(2)),confirming exceptional radiation hardness.These findings demonstrate that the WLC-based RPVCs achieve both high power output and exceptional long-term stability,representing a substantial advancement for facilitating nuclear battery applications.
基金supported by DFG‐ANR project under the references ANR‐17‐CE05‐0030 and DFGANR Ko2323‐10,respectively.
文摘Moirésuperconductivity represents a new class of superconducting materials since the discovery of superconductivity in magic‐angle(1.1°)twisted bi‐layer graphene(MATBG),forming a Moirélattice with a much bigger crystal parameter as the original lattice constant of graphene.Hence,experimentally changing the Moirétwist angle,0.93°≤Θ≤1.27,leads to a variation of the superconducting properties and enables a new way of engineering 2D superconducting materials.Details of the robust superconducting state of MATBG as function of charge carrier density,temperature and applied magnetic fields are reviewed.The influence of the top/bottom hexagonal boron nitride layer thickness on the superconducting properties of MATBG was also demonstrated in the literature.In all fabricated MATBG devices,changing of the charge carrier density leads to the appearance of insulating,metallic and even ferromagnetic states,which separate several superconducting domes in the phase diagram(longitudinal resistance,Rxx,as function of temperature T and charge carrier density,n).Further works have considered MATBG combined with WSe2‐layers,twisted bi‐layer WSe2,magic‐angle trilayer graphene(MATTG),and most recently,four‐layer(MAT4G)and five‐layer(MAT5G)stacks.The differences between the layered,cuprate high‐Tc superconductors and the Moirésuperconductors are compiled together.The collected information is then used to apply the Roeser‐Huber formalism to Moiré‐type superconductivity to calculate the superconducting transition temperature,Tc,using only information of the Moirélattice and the electronic configuration.To account for the different charge carrier densities in the experimental data sets and the low charge carrier mass demands that a new parameterηmust be introduced to the Roeser‐Huber formalism to enable the description of several superconducting domes found in the phase diagram for a given Moiréangle.Doing so,the calculated data fit well to the correlation curve defined within the Roeser‐Huber formalism.
