The phase field method has been mainly used to simulate the growth of a single crystal in the past. But polycrystalline materials predominate in engineering. In this work, a phase field model for multigrain solidifica...The phase field method has been mainly used to simulate the growth of a single crystal in the past. But polycrystalline materials predominate in engineering. In this work, a phase field model for multigrain solidification is developed, which takes into account the random crystallographic orientations of crystallites and preserves the rotational invariance of the free energy. The morphological evolution of equiaxial multigrain solidification is predicted and the effect of composition on transformation kinetics is studied. The numerical results indicate that due to the soft impingement of grains the Avrami exponent varies with the initial melt composition and the solidification fraction.展开更多
The lower mantle makes up more than a half of our planet’s volume. Mineralogical and petrological experiments on realistic bulk compositions under high pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions are essential for unders...The lower mantle makes up more than a half of our planet’s volume. Mineralogical and petrological experiments on realistic bulk compositions under high pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions are essential for understanding deep mantle processes. Such high P–T experiments are commonly conducted in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, producing a multiphase assemblage consisting of 100 nm to submicron crystallite grains. The structures of these lower mantle phases often cannot be preserved upon pressure quenching;thus, in situ characterization is needed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of such a multiphase assemblage usually displays a mixture of diffraction spots and rings as a result of the coarse grain size relative to the small X-ray beam size (3–5 lm) available at the synchrotron facilities. Severe peak overlapping from multiple phases renders the powder XRD method inadequate for indexing new phases and minor phases. Consequently, structure determination of new phases in a high P–T multiphase assemblage has been extremely difficult using conventional XRD techniques. Our recent development of multigrain XRD in high-pressure research has enabled the indexation of hundreds of individual crystallite grains simultaneously through the determination of crystallographic orientations for these individual grains. Once indexation is achieved, each grain can be treated as a single crystal. The combined crystallographic information from individual grains can be used to determine the crystal structures of new phases and minor phases simultaneously in a multiphase system. With this new development, we have opened up a new area of crystallography under the high P–T conditions of the deep lower mantle. This paper explains key challenges in studying multiphase systems and demonstrates the unique capabilities of high-pressure multigrain XRD through successful examples of its applications.展开更多
In order to improve the nutritional quality of biscuits, a multigrain premix (MGP) was developed by using whole barley, sorghum, chickpea, pea and defatted soya flour, each at 20% level. The developed MGP had 26.28% p...In order to improve the nutritional quality of biscuits, a multigrain premix (MGP) was developed by using whole barley, sorghum, chickpea, pea and defatted soya flour, each at 20% level. The developed MGP had 26.28% protein, 10.13% insoluble dietary fiber and 7.38% soluble dietary fiber. The experiment was designed to optimise the MGP and wheat flour concentration for the development of multigrain biscuits with high protein, dietary fibre and to maximize the acceptability by the application of central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The levels of incorporation of MGP and wheat flour were taken as variables whereas protein, soluble, insoluble fibers, biscuit dough hardness, breaking strength and overall acceptability (OAA) as responses. The optimum level of MGP and wheat flour obtained using numerical optimization was found to be 40 g and 60 g respectively. The biscuits prepared using these had 16.61% protein, 2.57% soluble fibre, and 6.67% insoluble fibre which is significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than control biscuit.展开更多
Gas phase polymerization of butadiene by neodymium catalyst was modeled. The effects of mass and heat transfer resistances in the external boundary layer and within particles, sorption of butadiene in polybutadiene,an...Gas phase polymerization of butadiene by neodymium catalyst was modeled. The effects of mass and heat transfer resistances in the external boundary layer and within particles, sorption of butadiene in polybutadiene,and deactivation of active sites on polymer particle growth and morphology were studied. Simulation results show that the effects of intraparticle mass and heat transfer resistances on the growth rate of polymer particles are insignificant, and that there is no significant effect of mass transfer resistance on the morphology of polymer particles.The simulation results were compared with the experimental results.展开更多
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)may lead to microvascular complications(nephropathy,retinopathy,and neuropathy)and cardiovascular diseases.The beta-glucan content in grains has the potential to i...BACKGROUND Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)may lead to microvascular complications(nephropathy,retinopathy,and neuropathy)and cardiovascular diseases.The beta-glucan content in grains has the potential to improve insulin sensitivity,lowering postprandial glucose response and reducing inflammation degrees.A proper combination of grains not only satisfies human body’s need,but also provides essential and reasonable nutritional contents.However,no trial has been conducted to evaluate the roles of multigrain in T2DM.AIM To determine the efficacy of multigrain supplementation among T2DM patients.METHODS From October 2020 to June 2021,a total of 50 adults living with T2DM,who were receiving standard diabetes care at Day Care Clinic,were randomized into either a supplementation group or a control group.The supplementation group received twice daily 30 g multigrain supplement(equivalent to 3.4 g beta-glucan)with standard medication for 12 wk,while the control group was prescribed with standard medication.Parameters such as glycemic control(HbA1c,FPG,and HOMO-IR),cardiometabolic profile(lipid profile,renal function test,and liver function test),oxidative stress status,nutritional status,and quality of life(QoL)were assessed at two time points:Baseline and the end of the treatment period(week 12).RESULTS The primary outcomes were the mean difference of glycated haemoglobin(%),fasting plasma glucose,and serum insulin as intervention effects.Secondary outcomes included the measurement of cardiometabolic profile,antioxidative and oxidative stress status,nutritional status indices,and QoL.Tertiary outcomes involved the determination of safety and tolerability,and supplementation compliance.CONCLUSION The present clinical trial will reveal the effectiveness of multigrain supplementation among T2DM patients for the improvement of diabetes management.展开更多
Multigrain noodles were made by corn and wheat flour as the main ingredients and with small ratios of oat flour, soybean flour and millet flour through extrusion process. Simplex centroid design was used to analyze ge...Multigrain noodles were made by corn and wheat flour as the main ingredients and with small ratios of oat flour, soybean flour and millet flour through extrusion process. Simplex centroid design was used to analyze gelatinization characteristics of the mixed flour, rheological characteristics of the doughs, cooking qualities and sensory qualities of noodles. A proper formula for multigrain noodles obtained as outcome: 45% corn flour, 40% wheat flour, 4% oat flour, 11% millet flour. Compared to the wheat noodles, the multigrain noodles had higher content in fat, dietary fiber and total resistant starch, but it did content less proteins than wheat noodles.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Consumption of refined white rice,a staple food in most Asian countries,reportedly causes postprandial hyperglycemia and facilitates the development of diabetes.However,cereal grains with low...Background and Objectives:Consumption of refined white rice,a staple food in most Asian countries,reportedly causes postprandial hyperglycemia and facilitates the development of diabetes.However,cereal grains with low glycemic indices may reduce postprandial glycemic response.We developed a highland barley-multigrain rice by combining traditional Chinese grains including,highland barley,brown rice,oats,corn grit,and buckwheat.This study aimed to evaluate the glycemic impact,sensory attributes,and appetite response of our highland barley-multigrain rice compared to white rice.Methods and Study Design:In this randomized crossover trial,ten healthy participants consumed highland barley-multigrain rice,white rice,and glucose,each containing 50 g of available carbohydrate under continuous glucose monitoring to compare postprandial glycemic responses over 180 min.展开更多
Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the exc...Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the excessive height of foxtail millet plants makes them susceptible to lodging, severely impacting the yield(Tian et al. 2010;Diao et al. 2024). During the “Green Revolution”, many types of cereals, including rice(Oryza sativa L.) and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)(Brosius 1991;Peng et al. 1999), were bred to dwarf, resulting in significantly increased yields. Consequently, reducing plant height has become a key breeding objective for foxtail millet.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 50395103 and 50271057）.
文摘The phase field method has been mainly used to simulate the growth of a single crystal in the past. But polycrystalline materials predominate in engineering. In this work, a phase field model for multigrain solidification is developed, which takes into account the random crystallographic orientations of crystallites and preserves the rotational invariance of the free energy. The morphological evolution of equiaxial multigrain solidification is predicted and the effect of composition on transformation kinetics is studied. The numerical results indicate that due to the soft impingement of grains the Avrami exponent varies with the initial melt composition and the solidification fraction.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41574080 and U1530402).
文摘The lower mantle makes up more than a half of our planet’s volume. Mineralogical and petrological experiments on realistic bulk compositions under high pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions are essential for understanding deep mantle processes. Such high P–T experiments are commonly conducted in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, producing a multiphase assemblage consisting of 100 nm to submicron crystallite grains. The structures of these lower mantle phases often cannot be preserved upon pressure quenching;thus, in situ characterization is needed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of such a multiphase assemblage usually displays a mixture of diffraction spots and rings as a result of the coarse grain size relative to the small X-ray beam size (3–5 lm) available at the synchrotron facilities. Severe peak overlapping from multiple phases renders the powder XRD method inadequate for indexing new phases and minor phases. Consequently, structure determination of new phases in a high P–T multiphase assemblage has been extremely difficult using conventional XRD techniques. Our recent development of multigrain XRD in high-pressure research has enabled the indexation of hundreds of individual crystallite grains simultaneously through the determination of crystallographic orientations for these individual grains. Once indexation is achieved, each grain can be treated as a single crystal. The combined crystallographic information from individual grains can be used to determine the crystal structures of new phases and minor phases simultaneously in a multiphase system. With this new development, we have opened up a new area of crystallography under the high P–T conditions of the deep lower mantle. This paper explains key challenges in studying multiphase systems and demonstrates the unique capabilities of high-pressure multigrain XRD through successful examples of its applications.
文摘In order to improve the nutritional quality of biscuits, a multigrain premix (MGP) was developed by using whole barley, sorghum, chickpea, pea and defatted soya flour, each at 20% level. The developed MGP had 26.28% protein, 10.13% insoluble dietary fiber and 7.38% soluble dietary fiber. The experiment was designed to optimise the MGP and wheat flour concentration for the development of multigrain biscuits with high protein, dietary fibre and to maximize the acceptability by the application of central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The levels of incorporation of MGP and wheat flour were taken as variables whereas protein, soluble, insoluble fibers, biscuit dough hardness, breaking strength and overall acceptability (OAA) as responses. The optimum level of MGP and wheat flour obtained using numerical optimization was found to be 40 g and 60 g respectively. The biscuits prepared using these had 16.61% protein, 2.57% soluble fibre, and 6.67% insoluble fibre which is significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than control biscuit.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29876035).
文摘Gas phase polymerization of butadiene by neodymium catalyst was modeled. The effects of mass and heat transfer resistances in the external boundary layer and within particles, sorption of butadiene in polybutadiene,and deactivation of active sites on polymer particle growth and morphology were studied. Simulation results show that the effects of intraparticle mass and heat transfer resistances on the growth rate of polymer particles are insignificant, and that there is no significant effect of mass transfer resistance on the morphology of polymer particles.The simulation results were compared with the experimental results.
文摘BACKGROUND Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)may lead to microvascular complications(nephropathy,retinopathy,and neuropathy)and cardiovascular diseases.The beta-glucan content in grains has the potential to improve insulin sensitivity,lowering postprandial glucose response and reducing inflammation degrees.A proper combination of grains not only satisfies human body’s need,but also provides essential and reasonable nutritional contents.However,no trial has been conducted to evaluate the roles of multigrain in T2DM.AIM To determine the efficacy of multigrain supplementation among T2DM patients.METHODS From October 2020 to June 2021,a total of 50 adults living with T2DM,who were receiving standard diabetes care at Day Care Clinic,were randomized into either a supplementation group or a control group.The supplementation group received twice daily 30 g multigrain supplement(equivalent to 3.4 g beta-glucan)with standard medication for 12 wk,while the control group was prescribed with standard medication.Parameters such as glycemic control(HbA1c,FPG,and HOMO-IR),cardiometabolic profile(lipid profile,renal function test,and liver function test),oxidative stress status,nutritional status,and quality of life(QoL)were assessed at two time points:Baseline and the end of the treatment period(week 12).RESULTS The primary outcomes were the mean difference of glycated haemoglobin(%),fasting plasma glucose,and serum insulin as intervention effects.Secondary outcomes included the measurement of cardiometabolic profile,antioxidative and oxidative stress status,nutritional status indices,and QoL.Tertiary outcomes involved the determination of safety and tolerability,and supplementation compliance.CONCLUSION The present clinical trial will reveal the effectiveness of multigrain supplementation among T2DM patients for the improvement of diabetes management.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401642)
文摘Multigrain noodles were made by corn and wheat flour as the main ingredients and with small ratios of oat flour, soybean flour and millet flour through extrusion process. Simplex centroid design was used to analyze gelatinization characteristics of the mixed flour, rheological characteristics of the doughs, cooking qualities and sensory qualities of noodles. A proper formula for multigrain noodles obtained as outcome: 45% corn flour, 40% wheat flour, 4% oat flour, 11% millet flour. Compared to the wheat noodles, the multigrain noodles had higher content in fat, dietary fiber and total resistant starch, but it did content less proteins than wheat noodles.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82100848)the Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(20234Y0040)。
文摘Background and Objectives:Consumption of refined white rice,a staple food in most Asian countries,reportedly causes postprandial hyperglycemia and facilitates the development of diabetes.However,cereal grains with low glycemic indices may reduce postprandial glycemic response.We developed a highland barley-multigrain rice by combining traditional Chinese grains including,highland barley,brown rice,oats,corn grit,and buckwheat.This study aimed to evaluate the glycemic impact,sensory attributes,and appetite response of our highland barley-multigrain rice compared to white rice.Methods and Study Design:In this randomized crossover trial,ten healthy participants consumed highland barley-multigrain rice,white rice,and glucose,each containing 50 g of available carbohydrate under continuous glucose monitoring to compare postprandial glycemic responses over 180 min.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32200222)the High-level Talents Start-up Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University, China (J242198006)+2 种基金the Start-up Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University, China (2021BQ84)the Shanxi Province Outstanding Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Scholarship Award Foundation,China(SXBYKY 2021055 and SXBYKY2022033)the Houji Laboratory Foundation, China (202204010910001-32)。
文摘Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) is one of the primary multigrain crops originating from China, with a long history of cultivation and significant importance in Chinese farming civilization(Diao 2019). However, the excessive height of foxtail millet plants makes them susceptible to lodging, severely impacting the yield(Tian et al. 2010;Diao et al. 2024). During the “Green Revolution”, many types of cereals, including rice(Oryza sativa L.) and wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)(Brosius 1991;Peng et al. 1999), were bred to dwarf, resulting in significantly increased yields. Consequently, reducing plant height has become a key breeding objective for foxtail millet.
