Digestive endoscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases.However,the anatomical complexity of specific lesions increases the difficulty of these operations,resulting in complicatio...Digestive endoscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases.However,the anatomical complexity of specific lesions increases the difficulty of these operations,resulting in complications or treatment failure.Although various strategies,such as floss traction and the application of transparent caps,have been explored,their effectiveness remains limited due to individual differences in patients’anatomical characteristics.The multibending(MB)endoscope represents a significant innovation as it is a conventional endoscope with an additional bending section and dual channels.Currently,this technology has been applied in gastroscopy,duodenoscopy and peroral cholangioscopy.The bending part of the endoscope facilitates its passage into difficult-to-reach anatomical regions and improves operating angles,thereby enhancing surgical precision and efficiency while reducing complication rates.Furthermore,the dualchannel design accelerates procedural workflows and increases operational versatility.This innovation is poised to transform endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases.Since the MB endoscope is relatively new,further research is needed to comprehensively explore its benefits for and potential in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment.The aim of this review is to summarize the current research,indications,and future directions of MB endoscope.展开更多
In recent years,a new generation of storage ring-based light sources,known as diffraction-limited storage rings(DLSRs),whose emittance approaches the diffraction limit for the range of X-ray wavelengths of interest to...In recent years,a new generation of storage ring-based light sources,known as diffraction-limited storage rings(DLSRs),whose emittance approaches the diffraction limit for the range of X-ray wavelengths of interest to the scientific community,has garnered significant attention worldwide.Researchers have begun to design and build DLSRs.Among various DLSR proposals,the hybrid multibend achromat(H-MBA)lattice enables sextupole strengths to be maintained at a reasonable level when minimizing the emittance;hence,it has been adopted in many DLSR designs.Based on the H-7BA lattice,the design of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project(APS-U)can effectively reduce emittance by replacing six quadrupoles with anti-bends.Herein,we discuss the feasibility of designing an APS-U-type H-MBA lattice for the Southern Advanced Photon Source,a mid-energy DLSR light source with ultralow emittance that has been proposed to be built adjacent to the China Spallation Neutron Source.Both linear and nonlinear dynamics are optimized to obtain a detailed design of this type of lattice.The emittance is minimized,while a sufficiently large dynamic aperture(DA)and momentum acceptance(MA)are maintained.A design comprising 36 APS-U type H-7BAs,with an energy of 3 GeV and a circumference of 972 m,is achieved.The horizontal natural emittance is 20 pm·rad,with a horizontal DA of 5.8 mm,a vertical DA of 4.5 mm,and an MA of 4%,as well as a long longitudinal damping time of 120 ms.Subsequently,a few modifications are performed based on the APS-U-type lattice to reduce the maximum value of damping time from 120 to 44 ms while maintaining other performance parameters at the same level.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81602056 and No.82273393the Young Talents Promotion Project of Shandong Medical Association in 2023,No.2023_GJ_0087.
文摘Digestive endoscopy has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases.However,the anatomical complexity of specific lesions increases the difficulty of these operations,resulting in complications or treatment failure.Although various strategies,such as floss traction and the application of transparent caps,have been explored,their effectiveness remains limited due to individual differences in patients’anatomical characteristics.The multibending(MB)endoscope represents a significant innovation as it is a conventional endoscope with an additional bending section and dual channels.Currently,this technology has been applied in gastroscopy,duodenoscopy and peroral cholangioscopy.The bending part of the endoscope facilitates its passage into difficult-to-reach anatomical regions and improves operating angles,thereby enhancing surgical precision and efficiency while reducing complication rates.Furthermore,the dualchannel design accelerates procedural workflows and increases operational versatility.This innovation is poised to transform endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases.Since the MB endoscope is relatively new,further research is needed to comprehensively explore its benefits for and potential in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment.The aim of this review is to summarize the current research,indications,and future directions of MB endoscope.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11922512)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y201904)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation—Guangdong Dongguan Joint Foundation(No.2019B1515120069).
文摘In recent years,a new generation of storage ring-based light sources,known as diffraction-limited storage rings(DLSRs),whose emittance approaches the diffraction limit for the range of X-ray wavelengths of interest to the scientific community,has garnered significant attention worldwide.Researchers have begun to design and build DLSRs.Among various DLSR proposals,the hybrid multibend achromat(H-MBA)lattice enables sextupole strengths to be maintained at a reasonable level when minimizing the emittance;hence,it has been adopted in many DLSR designs.Based on the H-7BA lattice,the design of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Project(APS-U)can effectively reduce emittance by replacing six quadrupoles with anti-bends.Herein,we discuss the feasibility of designing an APS-U-type H-MBA lattice for the Southern Advanced Photon Source,a mid-energy DLSR light source with ultralow emittance that has been proposed to be built adjacent to the China Spallation Neutron Source.Both linear and nonlinear dynamics are optimized to obtain a detailed design of this type of lattice.The emittance is minimized,while a sufficiently large dynamic aperture(DA)and momentum acceptance(MA)are maintained.A design comprising 36 APS-U type H-7BAs,with an energy of 3 GeV and a circumference of 972 m,is achieved.The horizontal natural emittance is 20 pm·rad,with a horizontal DA of 5.8 mm,a vertical DA of 4.5 mm,and an MA of 4%,as well as a long longitudinal damping time of 120 ms.Subsequently,a few modifications are performed based on the APS-U-type lattice to reduce the maximum value of damping time from 120 to 44 ms while maintaining other performance parameters at the same level.
