Researchers are increasingly focused on enabling groups of multiple unmanned vehicles to operate cohesively in complex,real-world environments,where coordinated formation control and obstacle avoidance are essential f...Researchers are increasingly focused on enabling groups of multiple unmanned vehicles to operate cohesively in complex,real-world environments,where coordinated formation control and obstacle avoidance are essential for executing sophisticated collective tasks.This paper presents a Distributed Formation Control and Obstacle Avoidance(DFCOA)framework for multi-unmanned ground vehicles(UGV).DFCOA integrates a virtual leader structure for global guidance,an improved A^(*)path planning algorithm with an advanced cost function for efficient path planning,and a repulsive-force-based improved vector field histogram star(VFH^(*))technique for collision avoidance.The virtual leader generates a reference trajectory while enabling distributed execution;the improved A^(*)algorithm reduces planning time and number of nodes to determine the shortest path from the starting position to the goal;and the improved VFH^(*)uses 2D LiDAR data with inter-agent repulsive force to simultaneously avoid collision with obstacles and maintain safe inter-vehicle distances.The formation stability of the proposed DFCOA reaches 95.8%and 94.6%in two scenarios,with root mean square(RMS)centroid errors of 0.9516 and 1.0008 m,respectively.Velocity tracking is precise(velocity centroid error RMS of 0.2699 and 0.1700 m/s),and linear velocities closely match the desired 0.3 m/s.Safety metrics showed average collision risks of 0.7773 and 0.5143,with minimum inter-vehicle distances of 0.4702 and 0.8763 m,confirming collision-free navigation of four UGVs.DFCOA outperforms conventional methods in formation stability,path efficiency,and scalability,proving its suitability for decentralized multi-UGV applications.展开更多
Introduction-Nuclei near and beyond the proton drip line represent a fascinating frontier in the nuclear landscape. Proton-rich nuclei exhibit intriguing phenomena, such as the Thomas-Ehrman shift and proton-halo stru...Introduction-Nuclei near and beyond the proton drip line represent a fascinating frontier in the nuclear landscape. Proton-rich nuclei exhibit intriguing phenomena, such as the Thomas-Ehrman shift and proton-halo structure. Beyond the proton dripline, nuclei become unbound, allowing protons to be emitted and giving rise to novel radioactive decay modes. Single-proton radioactivity, a process in which some nuclei with an odd number of protons(Z) decay by ejecting a proton, was discovered several decades ago and has been extensively studied [1, 2].展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter investigates the problem of multi-dimension formation tracking(MDFT)for the cross-domain unmanned systems,including several interconnected agents,namely,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and unmann...Dear Editor,This letter investigates the problem of multi-dimension formation tracking(MDFT)for the cross-domain unmanned systems,including several interconnected agents,namely,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and unmanned surface vehicles(USVs).We assume that each agent suffers from by the mixed constraints on its velocity,control input and Euler angle.Solving the MDFT problem implies that 1)The virtual state of each USV is determined in the earth coordinate by expanding its 2D work space to the 3D space.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colonic diverticular bleeding(CDB)is a leading cause of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage that has a high risk of recurrence.The endoscopic clipping and endoscopic band ligation(EBL)methods are widely used ...BACKGROUND Colonic diverticular bleeding(CDB)is a leading cause of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage that has a high risk of recurrence.The endoscopic clipping and endoscopic band ligation(EBL)methods are widely used for hemostasis in patients with CDB.Endoscopic detachable snare ligation(EDSL)has also become an increasingly common treatment option.The data remain inconsistent regarding the comparative efficacy of these endoscopic therapies in achieving initial hemostasis and reduction of early and late rebleeding rates.AIM To study the effectiveness and complications of endoscopic clipping,EBL,and EDSL for CDB.METHODS We conducted a systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,Google Scholar,and the Cochrane database for clinical trials to find studies that reported CDB and endoscopic clipping,EBL,or EDSL as treatment methods.The pooled estimates of initial hemostasis,early and late rebleeding,and the need for transarterial embolization or surgery between these groups were calculated.RESULTS We analyzed 28 studies with 5224 patients.Of these,4526 had active CDB and required one of the three endoscopic interventions.The pooled prevalence of early rebleeding was 23.5%,10.7%,and 10.6%in the endoscopic clipping,EBL,and EDSL groups,respectively.Patients who underwent endoscopic clipping had a significantly higher rate of early rebleeding compared to those who received EBL[odds ratio(OR)=3.76(95%CI:2.13-6.63)]and EDSL(OR=3.30,95%CI:1.28-8.53).There was no difference in the initial hemostasis between the three groups.The pooled prevalence of late rebleeding was 27.2%in the clipping,followed by 13.8%in the EBL and 2.7%in the EDSL group.Compared to 2.6%in the EBL group,4.0%of patients who received endoscopic clipping subsequently underwent surgery or transarterial embolization.These results were consistent in the network meta-analysis.Based on the ranking of the indirect comparison of modalities,the snare technique was better at achieving initial hemostasis and had a lower late rebleeding rate.CONCLUSION The findings of this direct and indirect pairwise comparison suggest that EDSL is superior to endoscopic clipping and EBL in achieving initial hemostasis and lowering the rate of late rebleeding in patients with CDB.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the problem of time-varying formation tracking for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs) under directed switching networks. For this purpose, our first step is to present so...Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the problem of time-varying formation tracking for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs) under directed switching networks. For this purpose, our first step is to present some sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of a particular category of switched systems.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter studies the bipartite consensus tracking problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with actuator faults and a leader's unknown time-varying control input. To handle such a problem, the ...Dear Editor,This letter studies the bipartite consensus tracking problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with actuator faults and a leader's unknown time-varying control input. To handle such a problem, the continuous fault-tolerant control protocol via observer design is developed. In addition, it is strictly proved that the multi-agent system driven by the designed controllers can still achieve bipartite consensus tracking after faults occur.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter investigates predefined-time optimization problems(OPs) of multi-agent systems(MASs), where the agent of MASs is subject to inequality constraints, and the team objective function accounts for ...Dear Editor,This letter investigates predefined-time optimization problems(OPs) of multi-agent systems(MASs), where the agent of MASs is subject to inequality constraints, and the team objective function accounts for impulse effects. Firstly, to address the inequality constraints,the penalty method is introduced. Then, a novel optimization strategy is developed, which only requires that the team objective function be strongly convex.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter studies a real-world issue in leader-follower multi-agent systems(MASs)named open topology,which permits the variations of agent set and network connections.Specially,a novel transition process...Dear Editor,This letter studies a real-world issue in leader-follower multi-agent systems(MASs)named open topology,which permits the variations of agent set and network connections.Specially,a novel transition process is developed to explain how the involved variation of network scale affects the dynamic behavior of the MASs.From a resource limited perspective,the distributed saturated impulsive control is then designed,under which some sufficient criteria are integrated into local quasi-consensus performance.We also provide a combined optimization algorithm for all agents to make the estimated domain of initial errors closer to the real one,thereby resulting in less conservativeness.Finally,a numerical example validates our results.展开更多
Dear Editor,Through distributed machine learning,multi-UAV systems can achieve global optimization goals without a centralized server,such as optimal target tracking,by leveraging local calculation and communication w...Dear Editor,Through distributed machine learning,multi-UAV systems can achieve global optimization goals without a centralized server,such as optimal target tracking,by leveraging local calculation and communication with neighbors.In this work,we implement the stochastic gradient descent algorithm(SGD)distributedly to optimize tracking errors based on local state and aggregation of the neighbors'estimation.However,Byzantine agents can mislead neighbors,causing deviations from optimal tracking.We prove that the swarm achieves resilient convergence if aggregated results lie within the normal neighbors'convex hull,which can be guaranteed by the introduced centerpoint-based aggregation rule.In the given simulated scenarios,distributed learning using average,geometric median(GM),and coordinate-wise median(CM)based aggregation rules fail to track the target.Compared to solely using the centerpoint aggregation method,our approach,which combines a pre-filter with the centroid aggregation rule,significantly enhances resilience against Byzantine attacks,achieving faster convergence and smaller tracking errors.展开更多
为了提升运动想象脑电(MI-EEG)信号的分类精度,提出多尺度滑窗注意力时序卷积网络(MSWATCN),充分挖掘MI-EEG信号的时空信息.结合多尺度双流分组卷积、滑动窗口多头注意力机制和窗口化时间卷积模块,实现对MI-EEG信号复杂时空特性的精准解...为了提升运动想象脑电(MI-EEG)信号的分类精度,提出多尺度滑窗注意力时序卷积网络(MSWATCN),充分挖掘MI-EEG信号的时空信息.结合多尺度双流分组卷积、滑动窗口多头注意力机制和窗口化时间卷积模块,实现对MI-EEG信号复杂时空特性的精准解码.利用多尺度卷积模块提取信号的底层时空特征,通过滑动窗口注意力机制聚焦局部关键特征,突出对分类任务重要的信息.窗口化时间卷积模块通过建模时间序列中的长期依赖关系,增强模型处理时序信息的能力.实验结果表明,MSWATCN在BCI Competition IV 2a和2b数据集上的分类准确率和一致性优于对比网络和基准模型.展开更多
文摘Researchers are increasingly focused on enabling groups of multiple unmanned vehicles to operate cohesively in complex,real-world environments,where coordinated formation control and obstacle avoidance are essential for executing sophisticated collective tasks.This paper presents a Distributed Formation Control and Obstacle Avoidance(DFCOA)framework for multi-unmanned ground vehicles(UGV).DFCOA integrates a virtual leader structure for global guidance,an improved A^(*)path planning algorithm with an advanced cost function for efficient path planning,and a repulsive-force-based improved vector field histogram star(VFH^(*))technique for collision avoidance.The virtual leader generates a reference trajectory while enabling distributed execution;the improved A^(*)algorithm reduces planning time and number of nodes to determine the shortest path from the starting position to the goal;and the improved VFH^(*)uses 2D LiDAR data with inter-agent repulsive force to simultaneously avoid collision with obstacles and maintain safe inter-vehicle distances.The formation stability of the proposed DFCOA reaches 95.8%and 94.6%in two scenarios,with root mean square(RMS)centroid errors of 0.9516 and 1.0008 m,respectively.Velocity tracking is precise(velocity centroid error RMS of 0.2699 and 0.1700 m/s),and linear velocities closely match the desired 0.3 m/s.Safety metrics showed average collision risks of 0.7773 and 0.5143,with minimum inter-vehicle distances of 0.4702 and 0.8763 m,confirming collision-free navigation of four UGVs.DFCOA outperforms conventional methods in formation stability,path efficiency,and scalability,proving its suitability for decentralized multi-UGV applications.
文摘Introduction-Nuclei near and beyond the proton drip line represent a fascinating frontier in the nuclear landscape. Proton-rich nuclei exhibit intriguing phenomena, such as the Thomas-Ehrman shift and proton-halo structure. Beyond the proton dripline, nuclei become unbound, allowing protons to be emitted and giving rise to novel radioactive decay modes. Single-proton radioactivity, a process in which some nuclei with an odd number of protons(Z) decay by ejecting a proton, was discovered several decades ago and has been extensively studied [1, 2].
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62073301,62373162,62473349,U24A20268,62233007)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20240813114007010).
文摘Dear Editor,This letter investigates the problem of multi-dimension formation tracking(MDFT)for the cross-domain unmanned systems,including several interconnected agents,namely,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)and unmanned surface vehicles(USVs).We assume that each agent suffers from by the mixed constraints on its velocity,control input and Euler angle.Solving the MDFT problem implies that 1)The virtual state of each USV is determined in the earth coordinate by expanding its 2D work space to the 3D space.
文摘BACKGROUND Colonic diverticular bleeding(CDB)is a leading cause of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage that has a high risk of recurrence.The endoscopic clipping and endoscopic band ligation(EBL)methods are widely used for hemostasis in patients with CDB.Endoscopic detachable snare ligation(EDSL)has also become an increasingly common treatment option.The data remain inconsistent regarding the comparative efficacy of these endoscopic therapies in achieving initial hemostasis and reduction of early and late rebleeding rates.AIM To study the effectiveness and complications of endoscopic clipping,EBL,and EDSL for CDB.METHODS We conducted a systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase,Google Scholar,and the Cochrane database for clinical trials to find studies that reported CDB and endoscopic clipping,EBL,or EDSL as treatment methods.The pooled estimates of initial hemostasis,early and late rebleeding,and the need for transarterial embolization or surgery between these groups were calculated.RESULTS We analyzed 28 studies with 5224 patients.Of these,4526 had active CDB and required one of the three endoscopic interventions.The pooled prevalence of early rebleeding was 23.5%,10.7%,and 10.6%in the endoscopic clipping,EBL,and EDSL groups,respectively.Patients who underwent endoscopic clipping had a significantly higher rate of early rebleeding compared to those who received EBL[odds ratio(OR)=3.76(95%CI:2.13-6.63)]and EDSL(OR=3.30,95%CI:1.28-8.53).There was no difference in the initial hemostasis between the three groups.The pooled prevalence of late rebleeding was 27.2%in the clipping,followed by 13.8%in the EBL and 2.7%in the EDSL group.Compared to 2.6%in the EBL group,4.0%of patients who received endoscopic clipping subsequently underwent surgery or transarterial embolization.These results were consistent in the network meta-analysis.Based on the ranking of the indirect comparison of modalities,the snare technique was better at achieving initial hemostasis and had a lower late rebleeding rate.CONCLUSION The findings of this direct and indirect pairwise comparison suggest that EDSL is superior to endoscopic clipping and EBL in achieving initial hemostasis and lowering the rate of late rebleeding in patients with CDB.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273255,62350003,62088101)the Shanghai Science and Technology Cooperation Project(22510712000,21550760900)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2021SHZDZX0100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the problem of time-varying formation tracking for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs) under directed switching networks. For this purpose, our first step is to present some sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of a particular category of switched systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62325304,U22B2046,62073079,62376029)the Jiangsu Provincial Scientific Research Center of Applied Mathematics(BK20233002)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730255,2024T171123)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter studies the bipartite consensus tracking problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems with actuator faults and a leader's unknown time-varying control input. To handle such a problem, the continuous fault-tolerant control protocol via observer design is developed. In addition, it is strictly proved that the multi-agent system driven by the designed controllers can still achieve bipartite consensus tracking after faults occur.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62276119)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20241764)the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_2860)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter investigates predefined-time optimization problems(OPs) of multi-agent systems(MASs), where the agent of MASs is subject to inequality constraints, and the team objective function accounts for impulse effects. Firstly, to address the inequality constraints,the penalty method is introduced. Then, a novel optimization strategy is developed, which only requires that the team objective function be strongly convex.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20240009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373105,62373262)Jiangsu Provincial Scientific Research Center of Applied Mathematics(BK20233002).
文摘Dear Editor,This letter studies a real-world issue in leader-follower multi-agent systems(MASs)named open topology,which permits the variations of agent set and network connections.Specially,a novel transition process is developed to explain how the involved variation of network scale affects the dynamic behavior of the MASs.From a resource limited perspective,the distributed saturated impulsive control is then designed,under which some sufficient criteria are integrated into local quasi-consensus performance.We also provide a combined optimization algorithm for all agents to make the estimated domain of initial errors closer to the real one,thereby resulting in less conservativeness.Finally,a numerical example validates our results.
基金supported By Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2023B0303000009)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515030153,2025A1515011587)+1 种基金Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(2023ZDZX4046)Shen-zhen Natural Science Fund(Stable Support Plan Program 20231122121608001),Ningbo Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(ZX2024000604).
文摘Dear Editor,Through distributed machine learning,multi-UAV systems can achieve global optimization goals without a centralized server,such as optimal target tracking,by leveraging local calculation and communication with neighbors.In this work,we implement the stochastic gradient descent algorithm(SGD)distributedly to optimize tracking errors based on local state and aggregation of the neighbors'estimation.However,Byzantine agents can mislead neighbors,causing deviations from optimal tracking.We prove that the swarm achieves resilient convergence if aggregated results lie within the normal neighbors'convex hull,which can be guaranteed by the introduced centerpoint-based aggregation rule.In the given simulated scenarios,distributed learning using average,geometric median(GM),and coordinate-wise median(CM)based aggregation rules fail to track the target.Compared to solely using the centerpoint aggregation method,our approach,which combines a pre-filter with the centroid aggregation rule,significantly enhances resilience against Byzantine attacks,achieving faster convergence and smaller tracking errors.
文摘为了提升运动想象脑电(MI-EEG)信号的分类精度,提出多尺度滑窗注意力时序卷积网络(MSWATCN),充分挖掘MI-EEG信号的时空信息.结合多尺度双流分组卷积、滑动窗口多头注意力机制和窗口化时间卷积模块,实现对MI-EEG信号复杂时空特性的精准解码.利用多尺度卷积模块提取信号的底层时空特征,通过滑动窗口注意力机制聚焦局部关键特征,突出对分类任务重要的信息.窗口化时间卷积模块通过建模时间序列中的长期依赖关系,增强模型处理时序信息的能力.实验结果表明,MSWATCN在BCI Competition IV 2a和2b数据集上的分类准确率和一致性优于对比网络和基准模型.
