Waste collection is an important part of waste management system.Transportation costs and carbon emissions can be greatly reduced by proper vehicle routing.Meanwhile,each vehicle can work again after achieving its cap...Waste collection is an important part of waste management system.Transportation costs and carbon emissions can be greatly reduced by proper vehicle routing.Meanwhile,each vehicle can work again after achieving its capacity limit and unloading the waste.For this,an energy-efficient multi-trip vehicle routing model is established for municipal solid waste collection,which incorporates practical factors like the limited capacity,maximum working hours,and multiple trips of each vehicle.Considering both economy and environment,fixed costs,fuel costs,and carbon emission costs are minimized together.To solve the formulated model effectively,contribution-based adaptive particle swarm optimization is proposed.Four strategies named greedy learning,multi-operator learning,exploring learning,and exploiting learning are specifically designed with their own searching priorities.By assessing the contribution of each learning strategy during the process of evolution,an appropriate one is selected and assigned to each individual adaptively to improve the searching efficiency of the algorithm.Moreover,an improved local search operator is performed on the trips with the largest number of waste sites so that both the exploiting ability and the convergence accuracy of the algorithm are improved.Performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on ten waste collection instances,which include one real-world case derived from the Green Ring Company of Jiangbei New District,Nanjing,China,and nine synthetic instances with increasing scales generated from the commonly-used capacitated vehicle routing problem benchmark datasets.Comparisons with five state-of-the-art algorithms show that the proposed algorithm can obtain a solution with a higher accuracy for the constructed model.展开更多
220 k V线路是当前省网主干网架,雷击跳闸是220 k V线路跳闸的主要原因。以四川电网220 k V同塔双回沫竹一二线雷电反击四相同跳故障为分析对象,基于电磁暂态软件ATP-EMTP,对同塔双回线路反击多相同跳机理及特性进行研究。研究表明:在...220 k V线路是当前省网主干网架,雷击跳闸是220 k V线路跳闸的主要原因。以四川电网220 k V同塔双回沫竹一二线雷电反击四相同跳故障为分析对象,基于电磁暂态软件ATP-EMTP,对同塔双回线路反击多相同跳机理及特性进行研究。研究表明:在一定的杆塔结构下,杆塔接地电阻和雷击时刻导线电压初始值对多相反击耐雷水平影响显著;在接地电阻较低时,应采用非平衡绝缘加强上相绝缘水平,接地电阻较大时,应采用各相平衡绝缘;多相绝缘子两端电压相近的时刻发生雷击同跳几率较大。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory(No.2020B121201001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.61502239 and 62002148)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20150924)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KQTD2016112514355531).
文摘Waste collection is an important part of waste management system.Transportation costs and carbon emissions can be greatly reduced by proper vehicle routing.Meanwhile,each vehicle can work again after achieving its capacity limit and unloading the waste.For this,an energy-efficient multi-trip vehicle routing model is established for municipal solid waste collection,which incorporates practical factors like the limited capacity,maximum working hours,and multiple trips of each vehicle.Considering both economy and environment,fixed costs,fuel costs,and carbon emission costs are minimized together.To solve the formulated model effectively,contribution-based adaptive particle swarm optimization is proposed.Four strategies named greedy learning,multi-operator learning,exploring learning,and exploiting learning are specifically designed with their own searching priorities.By assessing the contribution of each learning strategy during the process of evolution,an appropriate one is selected and assigned to each individual adaptively to improve the searching efficiency of the algorithm.Moreover,an improved local search operator is performed on the trips with the largest number of waste sites so that both the exploiting ability and the convergence accuracy of the algorithm are improved.Performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on ten waste collection instances,which include one real-world case derived from the Green Ring Company of Jiangbei New District,Nanjing,China,and nine synthetic instances with increasing scales generated from the commonly-used capacitated vehicle routing problem benchmark datasets.Comparisons with five state-of-the-art algorithms show that the proposed algorithm can obtain a solution with a higher accuracy for the constructed model.
文摘220 k V线路是当前省网主干网架,雷击跳闸是220 k V线路跳闸的主要原因。以四川电网220 k V同塔双回沫竹一二线雷电反击四相同跳故障为分析对象,基于电磁暂态软件ATP-EMTP,对同塔双回线路反击多相同跳机理及特性进行研究。研究表明:在一定的杆塔结构下,杆塔接地电阻和雷击时刻导线电压初始值对多相反击耐雷水平影响显著;在接地电阻较低时,应采用非平衡绝缘加强上相绝缘水平,接地电阻较大时,应采用各相平衡绝缘;多相绝缘子两端电压相近的时刻发生雷击同跳几率较大。
