Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC)is envisioned as a promising technology for Sixth-Generation(6G)wireless communications,which enables simultaneous high-rate communication and high-precision target localizati...Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC)is envisioned as a promising technology for Sixth-Generation(6G)wireless communications,which enables simultaneous high-rate communication and high-precision target localization.Compared to independent sensing and communication modules,dual-function ISAC could leverage the strengths of both communication and sensing in order to achieve cooperative gains.When considering the communication core network,ISAC system facilitates multiple communication devices to collaborate for networked sensing.This paper investigates such kind of cooperative ISAC systems with distributed transmitters and receivers to support non-connected and multi-target localization.Specifically,we introduce a Time of Arrival(TOA)based multi-target localization scheme,which leverages the bi-static range measurements between the transmitter,target,and receiver channels in order to achieve elliptical localization.To obtain the low-complexity localization,a two-stage search-refine localization methodology is proposed.In the first stage,we propose a Successive Greedy Grid-Search(SGGS)algorithm and a Successive-Cancellation-List Grid-Search(SCLGS)algorithm to address the Measurement-to-Target Association(MTA)problem with relatively low computational complexity.In the second stage,a linear approximation refinement algorithm is derived to facilitate high-precision localization.Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed multi-target localization method.展开更多
The frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, known for its high range resolution, has garnered significant attention in the field of non-contact vital sign monitoring. However, accurately locating multiple ta...The frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, known for its high range resolution, has garnered significant attention in the field of non-contact vital sign monitoring. However, accurately locating multiple targets and separating their vital sign signals remains a challenging research topic. This paper proposes a scene-differentiated method for multi-target localization and vital sign monitoring. The approach identifies the relative positions of multiple targets using Range FFT and determines the directions of targets via the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Phase signals within the range bins corresponding to the targets are separated using bandpass filtering. If multiple targets reside in the same range bin, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm is employed to decompose their breathing or heartbeat signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately localizes targets. When multiple targets occupy the same range bin, the mean absolute error (MAE) for respiratory signals is 3 bpm, and the MAE for heartbeat signals is 5 bpm.展开更多
In the multi-target localization based on Compressed Sensing(CS),the sensing matrix's characteristic is significant to the localization accuracy.To improve the CS-based localization approach's performance,we p...In the multi-target localization based on Compressed Sensing(CS),the sensing matrix's characteristic is significant to the localization accuracy.To improve the CS-based localization approach's performance,we propose a sensing matrix optimization method in this paper,which considers the optimization under the guidance of the t%-averaged mutual coherence.First,we study sensing matrix optimization and model it as a constrained combinatorial optimization problem.Second,the t%-averaged mutual coherence is adopted as the optimality index to evaluate the quality of different sensing matrixes,where the threshold t is derived through the K-means clustering.With the settled optimality index,a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm named Genetic Algorithm-Tabu Local Search(GA-TLS)is proposed to address the combinatorial optimization problem to obtain the final optimized sensing matrix.Extensive simulation results reveal that the CS localization approaches using different recovery algorithms benefit from the proposed sensing matrix optimization method,with much less localization error compared to the traditional sensing matrix optimization methods.展开更多
In this paper, a low-cost dualtone radio interferometric positioning system using a single mobile anchor is proposed to locate multiple targets at the same time. We name it mDRIPS. In mDRIPS, each target continuously ...In this paper, a low-cost dualtone radio interferometric positioning system using a single mobile anchor is proposed to locate multiple targets at the same time. We name it mDRIPS. In mDRIPS, each target continuously transmits a dual-tone signal with its dedicated frequencies, and the mobile anchor receives the signals at different positions along its trajectory, Neither time synchronization between the mobile anchor and the targets nor time synchronization among the targets is required. We take the instability of targets clocks into consideration and develop an ESPRIT-type algorithm to estimate frequencies of each dual-tone signal. Furthermore, the time of arrival （TOA） of each target signal is extracted from the phase estimates of the received dual-tone signals. After measuring several TOAs at different locations along the anchor＇s trajectory, each target can be located. Since the frequency difference of the two tones of each dualtone signal is designed to be smaller than the channel coherence bandwidth, the same fading effect on these two tones can be eliminated. Moreover, the integer ambiguity problem due to phase wrapping is investigated, and a localization algorithm to deal with a simplified ambiguity problem is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed mDRIPS.展开更多
Spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL) generates a ranked list of suspicious elements by using the program execution spectrum, but the excessive number of elements ranked in parallel results in low localization accu...Spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL) generates a ranked list of suspicious elements by using the program execution spectrum, but the excessive number of elements ranked in parallel results in low localization accuracy. Most researchers consider intra-class dependencies to improve localization accuracy. However, some studies show that inter-class method call type faults account for more than 20%, which means such methods still have certain limitations. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a two-phase software fault localization based on relational graph convolutional neural networks (Two-RGCNFL). Firstly, in Phase 1, the method call dependence graph (MCDG) of the program is constructed, the intra-class and inter-class dependencies in MCDG are extracted by using the relational graph convolutional neural network, and the classifier is used to identify the faulty methods. Then, the GraphSMOTE algorithm is improved to alleviate the impact of class imbalance on classification accuracy. Aiming at the problem of parallel ranking of element suspicious values in traditional SBFL technology, in Phase 2, Doc2Vec is used to learn static features, while spectrum information serves as dynamic features. A RankNet model based on siamese multi-layer perceptron is constructed to score and rank statements in the faulty method. This work conducts experiments on 5 real projects of Defects4J benchmark. Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional SBFL technique and two baseline methods, our approach improves the Top-1 accuracy by 262.86%, 29.59% and 53.01%, respectively, which verifies the effectiveness of Two-RGCNFL. Furthermore, this work verifies the importance of inter-class dependencies through ablation experiments.展开更多
The proposed hybrid optimization algorithm integrates particle swarm optimizatio(PSO)with Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)to improve a number of pitfalls within PSO methods traditionally considered and/or applied to indus...The proposed hybrid optimization algorithm integrates particle swarm optimizatio(PSO)with Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)to improve a number of pitfalls within PSO methods traditionally considered and/or applied to industrial robots.Particle Swarm Optimization may frequently suffer from local optima and inaccuracies in identifying the geometric parameters,which are necessary for applications requiring high-accuracy performances.The proposed approach integrates pheromone-based learning of ACO with the D-H method of developing an error model;hence,the global search effectiveness together with the convergence accuracy is further improved.Comparison studies of the hybrid PSO-ACO algorithm show higher precision and effectiveness in the optimization of geometric error parameters compared to the traditional methods.This is a remarkable reduction of localization errors,thus yielding accuracy and reliability in industrial robotic systems,as the results show.This approach improves performance in those applications that demand high geometric calibration by reducing the geometric error.The paper provides an overview of input for developing robotics and automation,giving importance to precision in industrial engineering.The proposed hybrid methodology is a good way to enhance the working accuracy and effectiveness of industrial robots and shall enable their wide application to complex tasks that require a high degree of accuracy.展开更多
Ecological monitoring vehicles are equipped with a range of sensors and monitoring devices designed to gather data on ecological and environmental factors.These vehicles are crucial in various fields,including environ...Ecological monitoring vehicles are equipped with a range of sensors and monitoring devices designed to gather data on ecological and environmental factors.These vehicles are crucial in various fields,including environmental science research,ecological and environmental monitoring projects,disaster response,and emergency management.A key method employed in these vehicles for achieving high-precision positioning is LiDAR(lightlaser detection and ranging)-Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping(SLAM).However,maintaining highprecision localization in complex scenarios,such as degraded environments or when dynamic objects are present,remains a significant challenge.To address this issue,we integrate both semantic and texture information from LiDAR and cameras to enhance the robustness and efficiency of data registration.Specifically,semantic information simplifies the modeling of scene elements,reducing the reliance on dense point clouds,which can be less efficient.Meanwhile,visual texture information complements LiDAR-Visual localization by providing additional contextual details.By incorporating semantic and texture details frompaired images and point clouds,we significantly improve the quality of data association,thereby increasing the success rate of localization.This approach not only enhances the operational capabilities of ecological monitoring vehicles in complex environments but also contributes to improving the overall efficiency and effectiveness of ecological monitoring and environmental protection efforts.展开更多
This work presents a method for the three-dimensional localization of individual shallow NV center in diamond,leveraging the near-field quenching effect of a gold tip.Our experimental setup involves the use of an atom...This work presents a method for the three-dimensional localization of individual shallow NV center in diamond,leveraging the near-field quenching effect of a gold tip.Our experimental setup involves the use of an atomic force microscope to precisely move the gold tip close to the NV center,while simultaneously employing a home-made confocal microscope to monitor the fluorescence of the NV center.This approach allows for lateral super-resolution,achieving a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 38.0 nm and a location uncertainty of 0.7 nm.Additionally,we show the potential of this method for determining the depth of the NV centers.We also attempt to determine the depth of the NV centers in combination with finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)simulations.Compared to other depth determination methods,this approach allows for simultaneous lateral and longitudinal localization of individual NV centers,and holds promise for facilitating manipulation of the local environment surrounding the NV center.展开更多
This paper investigates the mechanisms underlying the localization of Buddhism among the Kalmyks during Tsarist rule.It identifies and analyzes three interconnected processes:(1)the evolving framework of Tsarist polic...This paper investigates the mechanisms underlying the localization of Buddhism among the Kalmyks during Tsarist rule.It identifies and analyzes three interconnected processes:(1)the evolving framework of Tsarist policies aimed at administrative integration and religious regulation;(2)Kalmyk adaptive strategies,particularly the development of unique institutional responses(Supreme Lama election,Chief Bagshi,Dayanqi,and Temple Adherent systems)to navigate state constraints;and(3)spontaneous processes of cultural hybridity are manifested in material culture(e.g.,the Khoshut temple)and religious narratives(e.g.,Ulyanov’s reinvention of prophecies in Prophecies of Buddha).Utilizing the concept of“conjuncture practice”to frame these interactions,the study demonstrates how localization operated through a combination of regulatory pressure,community-level adaptation,and cultural synthesis,ultimately forging a distinct Kalmyk Buddhist expression within the imperial context.展开更多
Taking the Hotel Indigo Shanghai on the Bund as an example,this paper explores the localization of international high-end boutique hotels in China by using the methods of literature research and case study.The results...Taking the Hotel Indigo Shanghai on the Bund as an example,this paper explores the localization of international high-end boutique hotels in China by using the methods of literature research and case study.The results show that the localization of international high-end boutique hotels is embodied in brand building,spatial layout,service design and cultural activity planning,and that the perfect integration of international brand concept and local culture is an important factor for its success in the Chinese market.The research aims to provide reference for promoting the in-depth development and integration of international high-end boutique hotels in the Chinese market and the localization process of state-owned high-end boutique hotels in the future host country.展开更多
The utilization of nanostructures with diverse geometric shapes is essential for manipulating the energy of electromagnetic(EM) fields and achieving various applications in optics, such as nanofocusing. The plasmonic ...The utilization of nanostructures with diverse geometric shapes is essential for manipulating the energy of electromagnetic(EM) fields and achieving various applications in optics, such as nanofocusing. The plasmonic cone structure is highly representative in the field of nanofocusing applications, effectively guiding EM field energy to the tip of the cone and resulting in high local electric field and temperature effects. In certain chemical catalytic applications, an elevated temperature and a larger surface area may be required to enhance catalysis reactions. Here, we propose a hollow gold nanocone structure that can achieve higher temperature both at the tip and within its hollow region under the excitation of an EM field.Through rigorous finite element method(FEM) simulations, we investigated the EM field and temperature distribution of the hollow cone at various cone angles and identified those angles that yield higher local temperatures. Additionally, the analysis of the scattering cross section of hollow cones reveals that the presence of electric dipole component of the EM field corresponds to Fabry–Perot-like(FP-like) resonance in short wavelengths(600 nm–1200 nm), which predominantly contributes to the temperature localization. These findings provide novel insights into utilizing conical nanostructures for applications such as catalysis.展开更多
Traditional Global Positioning System(GPS)technology,with its high power consumption and limited perfor-mance in obstructed environments,is unsuitable for many Internet of Things(IoT)applications.This paper explores L...Traditional Global Positioning System(GPS)technology,with its high power consumption and limited perfor-mance in obstructed environments,is unsuitable for many Internet of Things(IoT)applications.This paper explores LoRa as an alternative localization technology,leveraging its low power consumption,robust indoor penetration,and extensive coverage area,which render it highly suitable for diverse IoT settings.We comprehensively review several LoRa-based localization techniques,including time of arrival(ToA),time difference of arrival(TDoA),round trip time(RTT),received signal strength indicator(RSSI),and fingerprinting methods.Through this review,we evaluate the strengths and limitations of each technique and investigate hybrid models to potentially improve positioning accuracy.Case studies in smart cities,agriculture,and logistics exemplify the versatility of LoRa for indoor and outdoor applications.Our findings demonstrate that LoRa technology not only overcomes the limitations of GPS regarding power consumption and coverage but also enhances the scalability and efficiency of IoT deployments in complex environments.展开更多
A kind of slow deformation wave is produced in the crust under the action of internal and external factors,which plays an important role in the formation and occurrence of earthquakes.In this paper,uniaxial compressio...A kind of slow deformation wave is produced in the crust under the action of internal and external factors,which plays an important role in the formation and occurrence of earthquakes.In this paper,uniaxial compression tests are carried out on red sandstone samples with uniform texture.Displacement controlled loading methods are adopted,and the loading rates are 0.1 mm/min,0.5 mm/min and 1.0 mm/min,respectively.The micro-characterization method of speckle photography and DIC processing technology are adopted.The transfer characteristics of slow deformation and strain localization of red sandstone specimens during loading and deformation are discussed.The results show that the boundary advance velocity is proportional to the slow deformation transfer velocity with the change of position,so it can be considered that the slow deformation transfer velocity is equal to the particle motion transfer velocity.The formation and development of sample strain localization may be determined by the flow channel,nucleation and Luders zone evolution.The formation of the Luders band is related to the maximum value of the flow channel,and as deformation increases,the Luders band merges and develops with the maximum value of the nearby flow channel.By applying different loading rates,the influence of loading rate on the average transfer velocity of slow deformation was obtained;the slow deformation wave during seismic migration has similar characteristics to the deformation transfer in the experiment,therefore the research results have reference significance for further studies on the evolution characteristics of slow deformation waves and seismic migration.展开更多
The mobile sound source localization system is a technology that can track and locate mobile sound sources in real time and has broad application prospects in many fields.This article first provides an overview of the...The mobile sound source localization system is a technology that can track and locate mobile sound sources in real time and has broad application prospects in many fields.This article first provides an overview of the mobile sound source localization system,introducing its concept and composition,as well as its design and application significance.It elaborates on the importance of the mobile sound source localization system from multiple aspects,such as safety,production,and daily life,and deeply explores its design and application strategies.The problems faced by the mobile sound source localization system and its future development direction were pointed out.展开更多
Deconvolution methods are commonly used to improve the performance of phased array beamforming for sound source localization. However, for coherent sources localization, existing deconvolution methods are either highl...Deconvolution methods are commonly used to improve the performance of phased array beamforming for sound source localization. However, for coherent sources localization, existing deconvolution methods are either highly computationally demanding or sensitive to parameters.A deconvolution method, based on modifications of Clean based on Source Coherence(CLEAN-SC), is proposed for coherent sources localization. This method is called Coherence CLEAN-SC(C–CLEAN-SC). C–CLEAN-SC is able to locate coherent and incoherent sources in simulation and experimental cases. It has a high computational efficiency and does not require pre-set parameters.展开更多
Multiple quadrotors target encirclement is widely used in the intelligent field,as it can effectively monitor and control target behavior.However,it faces the danger of collision,as well as difficulties in localizatio...Multiple quadrotors target encirclement is widely used in the intelligent field,as it can effectively monitor and control target behavior.However,it faces the danger of collision,as well as difficulties in localization and tracking.Therefore,we propose a complete target encirclement method.Firstly,based on Hooke's law,a collision avoidance controller is designed to maintain a safe flying distance among quadrotors.Then,based on the consensus theory,a formation tracking controller is designed to meet the requirements of formation transformation and encirclement tasks,and a stability proof based on Lyapunov was provided.Besides,the target detection is designed based on YOLOv5s,and the target location model is constructed based on the principle of pinhole projection and triangle similarity.Finally,we conducted experiments on the built platform,with 3 reconnaissance quadrotors detecting and localization 3 target vehicles and 7 hunter quadrotors tracking them.The results show that the minimum average error for localization targets with reconnaissance quadrotors can reach 0.1354 m,while the minimum average error for tracking with hunter quadrotors is only 0.2960 m.No quadrotors collision occurred in the whole formation transformation and tracking experiment.In addition,compared with the advanced methods,the proposed method has better performance.展开更多
Indoor visual localization relies heavily on image retrieval to ascertain location information.However,the widespread presence and high consistency of floor patterns across different images of-ten lead to the extracti...Indoor visual localization relies heavily on image retrieval to ascertain location information.However,the widespread presence and high consistency of floor patterns across different images of-ten lead to the extraction of numerous repetitive features,thereby reducing the accuracy of image retrieval.This article proposes an indoor visual localization method based on semantic segmentation and adaptive weight fusion to address the issue of ground texture interference with retrieval results.During the positioning process,an indoor semantic segmentation model is established.Semantic segmentation technology is applied to accurately delineate the ground portion of the images.Fea-ture extraction is performed on both the original database and the ground-segmented database.The vector of locally aggregated descriptors(VLAD)algorithm is then used to convert image features into a fixed-length feature representation,which improves the efficiency of image retrieval.Simul-taneously,a method for adaptive weight optimization in similarity calculation is proposed,using a-daptive weights to compute similarity for different regional features,thereby improving the accuracy of image retrieval.The experimental results indicate that this method significantly reduces ground interference and effectively utilizes ground information,thereby improving the accuracy of image retrieval.展开更多
A lightweight composite resonator,consisting of a soft material acoustic black hole(SABH)and multiple vibration absorbers,is embedded in a plate to achieve localization and absorption of low-frequency vibration energy...A lightweight composite resonator,consisting of a soft material acoustic black hole(SABH)and multiple vibration absorbers,is embedded in a plate to achieve localization and absorption of low-frequency vibration energy.The combination of local and global admissible functions for displacement enhances the accuracy of the Ritz method in predicting vibration localization characteristics within the SABH domain.Utilizing soft materials for the SABH can reduce the mass and frequency of the composite resonator.Due to the lack of orthogonality between global vibration modes and localized modes,the low-frequency localized modes induced by the SABH are used to shape the initial global modes,thereby concentrating the global vibration of the plate in the SABH region.Consequently,the absorbers of the composite resonator only need to be a small fraction of the mass of the local SABH to achieve substantial vibration control of the host plate.This vibration localization strategy can significantly reduce the vibration amplitude of the host plate and enhance the effectiveness of lightweight absorbers in vibration reduction.展开更多
Image tampering detection and localization have emerged as a critical domain in combating the pervasive issue of image manipulation due to the advancement of the large-scale availability of sophisticated image editing...Image tampering detection and localization have emerged as a critical domain in combating the pervasive issue of image manipulation due to the advancement of the large-scale availability of sophisticated image editing tools.The manual forgery localization is often reliant on forensic expertise.In recent times,machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)have shown promising results in automating image forgery localization.However,the ML-based method relies on hand-crafted features.Conversely,the DL method automatically extracts shallow spatial features to enhance the accuracy.However,DL-based methods lack the global co-relation of the features due to this performance degradation noticed in several applications.In the proposed study,we designed FLTNet(forgery localization transformer network)with a CNN(convolution neural network)encoder and transformer-based attention.The encoder extracts local high-dimensional features,and the transformer provides the global co-relation of the features.In the decoder,we have exclusively utilized a CNN to upsample the features that generate tampered mask images.Moreover,we evaluated visual and quantitative performance on three standard datasets and comparison with six state-of-the-art methods.The IoU values of the proposed method on CASIA V1,CASIA V2,and CoMoFoD datasets are 0.77,0.82,and 0.84,respectively.In addition,the F1-scores of these three datasets are 0.80,0.84,and 0.86,respectively.Furthermore,the visual results of the proposed method are clean and contain rich information,which can be used for real-time forgery detection.The code used in the study can be accessed through URL:https://github.com/ajit2k5/Forgery-Localization(accessed on 21 January 2025).展开更多
In existing image manipulation localization methods,the receptive field of standard convolution is limited,and during feature transfer,it is easy to lose high-frequency information about traces of manipulation.In addi...In existing image manipulation localization methods,the receptive field of standard convolution is limited,and during feature transfer,it is easy to lose high-frequency information about traces of manipulation.In addition,during feature fusion,the use of fixed sampling kernels makes it difficult to focus on local changes in features,leading to limited localization accuracy.This paper proposes an image manipulation localization method based on dual-branch hybrid convolution.First,a dual-branch hybrid convolution module is designed to expand the receptive field of the model to enhance the feature extraction ability of contextual semantic information,while also enabling the model to focus more on the high-frequency detail features of manipulation traces while localizing the manipulated area.Second,a multiscale content-aware feature fusion module is used to dynamically generate adaptive sampling kernels for each position in the feature map,enabling the model to focus more on the details of local features while locating the manipulated area.Experimental results on multiple datasets show that this method not only effectively improves the accuracy of image manipulation localization but also enhances the robustness of the model.展开更多
文摘Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC)is envisioned as a promising technology for Sixth-Generation(6G)wireless communications,which enables simultaneous high-rate communication and high-precision target localization.Compared to independent sensing and communication modules,dual-function ISAC could leverage the strengths of both communication and sensing in order to achieve cooperative gains.When considering the communication core network,ISAC system facilitates multiple communication devices to collaborate for networked sensing.This paper investigates such kind of cooperative ISAC systems with distributed transmitters and receivers to support non-connected and multi-target localization.Specifically,we introduce a Time of Arrival(TOA)based multi-target localization scheme,which leverages the bi-static range measurements between the transmitter,target,and receiver channels in order to achieve elliptical localization.To obtain the low-complexity localization,a two-stage search-refine localization methodology is proposed.In the first stage,we propose a Successive Greedy Grid-Search(SGGS)algorithm and a Successive-Cancellation-List Grid-Search(SCLGS)algorithm to address the Measurement-to-Target Association(MTA)problem with relatively low computational complexity.In the second stage,a linear approximation refinement algorithm is derived to facilitate high-precision localization.Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed multi-target localization method.
文摘The frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, known for its high range resolution, has garnered significant attention in the field of non-contact vital sign monitoring. However, accurately locating multiple targets and separating their vital sign signals remains a challenging research topic. This paper proposes a scene-differentiated method for multi-target localization and vital sign monitoring. The approach identifies the relative positions of multiple targets using Range FFT and determines the directions of targets via the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Phase signals within the range bins corresponding to the targets are separated using bandpass filtering. If multiple targets reside in the same range bin, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm is employed to decompose their breathing or heartbeat signals. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately localizes targets. When multiple targets occupy the same range bin, the mean absolute error (MAE) for respiratory signals is 3 bpm, and the MAE for heartbeat signals is 5 bpm.
文摘In the multi-target localization based on Compressed Sensing(CS),the sensing matrix's characteristic is significant to the localization accuracy.To improve the CS-based localization approach's performance,we propose a sensing matrix optimization method in this paper,which considers the optimization under the guidance of the t%-averaged mutual coherence.First,we study sensing matrix optimization and model it as a constrained combinatorial optimization problem.Second,the t%-averaged mutual coherence is adopted as the optimality index to evaluate the quality of different sensing matrixes,where the threshold t is derived through the K-means clustering.With the settled optimality index,a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm named Genetic Algorithm-Tabu Local Search(GA-TLS)is proposed to address the combinatorial optimization problem to obtain the final optimized sensing matrix.Extensive simulation results reveal that the CS localization approaches using different recovery algorithms benefit from the proposed sensing matrix optimization method,with much less localization error compared to the traditional sensing matrix optimization methods.
基金partially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grants 61301223,61174127,61221003, and 61273181the Nature Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant 13ZR1421800the New Faculty Foundation of Ministry of Education of China under Grant 13Z102090106
文摘In this paper, a low-cost dualtone radio interferometric positioning system using a single mobile anchor is proposed to locate multiple targets at the same time. We name it mDRIPS. In mDRIPS, each target continuously transmits a dual-tone signal with its dedicated frequencies, and the mobile anchor receives the signals at different positions along its trajectory, Neither time synchronization between the mobile anchor and the targets nor time synchronization among the targets is required. We take the instability of targets clocks into consideration and develop an ESPRIT-type algorithm to estimate frequencies of each dual-tone signal. Furthermore, the time of arrival （TOA） of each target signal is extracted from the phase estimates of the received dual-tone signals. After measuring several TOAs at different locations along the anchor＇s trajectory, each target can be located. Since the frequency difference of the two tones of each dualtone signal is designed to be smaller than the channel coherence bandwidth, the same fading effect on these two tones can be eliminated. Moreover, the integer ambiguity problem due to phase wrapping is investigated, and a localization algorithm to deal with a simplified ambiguity problem is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed mDRIPS.
基金funded by the Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42261070).
文摘Spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL) generates a ranked list of suspicious elements by using the program execution spectrum, but the excessive number of elements ranked in parallel results in low localization accuracy. Most researchers consider intra-class dependencies to improve localization accuracy. However, some studies show that inter-class method call type faults account for more than 20%, which means such methods still have certain limitations. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a two-phase software fault localization based on relational graph convolutional neural networks (Two-RGCNFL). Firstly, in Phase 1, the method call dependence graph (MCDG) of the program is constructed, the intra-class and inter-class dependencies in MCDG are extracted by using the relational graph convolutional neural network, and the classifier is used to identify the faulty methods. Then, the GraphSMOTE algorithm is improved to alleviate the impact of class imbalance on classification accuracy. Aiming at the problem of parallel ranking of element suspicious values in traditional SBFL technology, in Phase 2, Doc2Vec is used to learn static features, while spectrum information serves as dynamic features. A RankNet model based on siamese multi-layer perceptron is constructed to score and rank statements in the faulty method. This work conducts experiments on 5 real projects of Defects4J benchmark. Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional SBFL technique and two baseline methods, our approach improves the Top-1 accuracy by 262.86%, 29.59% and 53.01%, respectively, which verifies the effectiveness of Two-RGCNFL. Furthermore, this work verifies the importance of inter-class dependencies through ablation experiments.
文摘The proposed hybrid optimization algorithm integrates particle swarm optimizatio(PSO)with Ant Colony Optimization(ACO)to improve a number of pitfalls within PSO methods traditionally considered and/or applied to industrial robots.Particle Swarm Optimization may frequently suffer from local optima and inaccuracies in identifying the geometric parameters,which are necessary for applications requiring high-accuracy performances.The proposed approach integrates pheromone-based learning of ACO with the D-H method of developing an error model;hence,the global search effectiveness together with the convergence accuracy is further improved.Comparison studies of the hybrid PSO-ACO algorithm show higher precision and effectiveness in the optimization of geometric error parameters compared to the traditional methods.This is a remarkable reduction of localization errors,thus yielding accuracy and reliability in industrial robotic systems,as the results show.This approach improves performance in those applications that demand high geometric calibration by reducing the geometric error.The paper provides an overview of input for developing robotics and automation,giving importance to precision in industrial engineering.The proposed hybrid methodology is a good way to enhance the working accuracy and effectiveness of industrial robots and shall enable their wide application to complex tasks that require a high degree of accuracy.
基金supported by the project“GEF9874:Strengthening Coordinated Approaches to Reduce Invasive Alien Species(lAS)Threats to Globally Significant Agrobiodiversity and Agroecosystems in China”funding from the Excellent Talent Training Funding Project in Dongcheng District,Beijing,with project number 2024-dchrcpyzz-9.
文摘Ecological monitoring vehicles are equipped with a range of sensors and monitoring devices designed to gather data on ecological and environmental factors.These vehicles are crucial in various fields,including environmental science research,ecological and environmental monitoring projects,disaster response,and emergency management.A key method employed in these vehicles for achieving high-precision positioning is LiDAR(lightlaser detection and ranging)-Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping(SLAM).However,maintaining highprecision localization in complex scenarios,such as degraded environments or when dynamic objects are present,remains a significant challenge.To address this issue,we integrate both semantic and texture information from LiDAR and cameras to enhance the robustness and efficiency of data registration.Specifically,semantic information simplifies the modeling of scene elements,reducing the reliance on dense point clouds,which can be less efficient.Meanwhile,visual texture information complements LiDAR-Visual localization by providing additional contextual details.By incorporating semantic and texture details frompaired images and point clouds,we significantly improve the quality of data association,thereby increasing the success rate of localization.This approach not only enhances the operational capabilities of ecological monitoring vehicles in complex environments but also contributes to improving the overall efficiency and effectiveness of ecological monitoring and environmental protection efforts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2325023,92265204,12104447)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF0718400)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0302200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘This work presents a method for the three-dimensional localization of individual shallow NV center in diamond,leveraging the near-field quenching effect of a gold tip.Our experimental setup involves the use of an atomic force microscope to precisely move the gold tip close to the NV center,while simultaneously employing a home-made confocal microscope to monitor the fluorescence of the NV center.This approach allows for lateral super-resolution,achieving a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of 38.0 nm and a location uncertainty of 0.7 nm.Additionally,we show the potential of this method for determining the depth of the NV centers.We also attempt to determine the depth of the NV centers in combination with finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)simulations.Compared to other depth determination methods,this approach allows for simultaneous lateral and longitudinal localization of individual NV centers,and holds promise for facilitating manipulation of the local environment surrounding the NV center.
文摘This paper investigates the mechanisms underlying the localization of Buddhism among the Kalmyks during Tsarist rule.It identifies and analyzes three interconnected processes:(1)the evolving framework of Tsarist policies aimed at administrative integration and religious regulation;(2)Kalmyk adaptive strategies,particularly the development of unique institutional responses(Supreme Lama election,Chief Bagshi,Dayanqi,and Temple Adherent systems)to navigate state constraints;and(3)spontaneous processes of cultural hybridity are manifested in material culture(e.g.,the Khoshut temple)and religious narratives(e.g.,Ulyanov’s reinvention of prophecies in Prophecies of Buddha).Utilizing the concept of“conjuncture practice”to frame these interactions,the study demonstrates how localization operated through a combination of regulatory pressure,community-level adaptation,and cultural synthesis,ultimately forging a distinct Kalmyk Buddhist expression within the imperial context.
基金Sponsored by application research project of social sciences of Jiangsu Province(24SZC-117).
文摘Taking the Hotel Indigo Shanghai on the Bund as an example,this paper explores the localization of international high-end boutique hotels in China by using the methods of literature research and case study.The results show that the localization of international high-end boutique hotels is embodied in brand building,spatial layout,service design and cultural activity planning,and that the perfect integration of international brand concept and local culture is an important factor for its success in the Chinese market.The research aims to provide reference for promoting the in-depth development and integration of international high-end boutique hotels in the Chinese market and the localization process of state-owned high-end boutique hotels in the future host country.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Department of Gansu Province, China (Grant No. 24RCKB011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12325511)。
文摘The utilization of nanostructures with diverse geometric shapes is essential for manipulating the energy of electromagnetic(EM) fields and achieving various applications in optics, such as nanofocusing. The plasmonic cone structure is highly representative in the field of nanofocusing applications, effectively guiding EM field energy to the tip of the cone and resulting in high local electric field and temperature effects. In certain chemical catalytic applications, an elevated temperature and a larger surface area may be required to enhance catalysis reactions. Here, we propose a hollow gold nanocone structure that can achieve higher temperature both at the tip and within its hollow region under the excitation of an EM field.Through rigorous finite element method(FEM) simulations, we investigated the EM field and temperature distribution of the hollow cone at various cone angles and identified those angles that yield higher local temperatures. Additionally, the analysis of the scattering cross section of hollow cones reveals that the presence of electric dipole component of the EM field corresponds to Fabry–Perot-like(FP-like) resonance in short wavelengths(600 nm–1200 nm), which predominantly contributes to the temperature localization. These findings provide novel insights into utilizing conical nanostructures for applications such as catalysis.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under grant no.LGF22F010006the Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Ministry of Education of China under grant no.22YJAZH016.
文摘Traditional Global Positioning System(GPS)technology,with its high power consumption and limited perfor-mance in obstructed environments,is unsuitable for many Internet of Things(IoT)applications.This paper explores LoRa as an alternative localization technology,leveraging its low power consumption,robust indoor penetration,and extensive coverage area,which render it highly suitable for diverse IoT settings.We comprehensively review several LoRa-based localization techniques,including time of arrival(ToA),time difference of arrival(TDoA),round trip time(RTT),received signal strength indicator(RSSI),and fingerprinting methods.Through this review,we evaluate the strengths and limitations of each technique and investigate hybrid models to potentially improve positioning accuracy.Case studies in smart cities,agriculture,and logistics exemplify the versatility of LoRa for indoor and outdoor applications.Our findings demonstrate that LoRa technology not only overcomes the limitations of GPS regarding power consumption and coverage but also enhances the scalability and efficiency of IoT deployments in complex environments.
基金Postdoctoral Science Fund(043201027)National Natural Science Key Foundation of China(41831290)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52079068).
文摘A kind of slow deformation wave is produced in the crust under the action of internal and external factors,which plays an important role in the formation and occurrence of earthquakes.In this paper,uniaxial compression tests are carried out on red sandstone samples with uniform texture.Displacement controlled loading methods are adopted,and the loading rates are 0.1 mm/min,0.5 mm/min and 1.0 mm/min,respectively.The micro-characterization method of speckle photography and DIC processing technology are adopted.The transfer characteristics of slow deformation and strain localization of red sandstone specimens during loading and deformation are discussed.The results show that the boundary advance velocity is proportional to the slow deformation transfer velocity with the change of position,so it can be considered that the slow deformation transfer velocity is equal to the particle motion transfer velocity.The formation and development of sample strain localization may be determined by the flow channel,nucleation and Luders zone evolution.The formation of the Luders band is related to the maximum value of the flow channel,and as deformation increases,the Luders band merges and develops with the maximum value of the nearby flow channel.By applying different loading rates,the influence of loading rate on the average transfer velocity of slow deformation was obtained;the slow deformation wave during seismic migration has similar characteristics to the deformation transfer in the experiment,therefore the research results have reference significance for further studies on the evolution characteristics of slow deformation waves and seismic migration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2013602).
文摘The mobile sound source localization system is a technology that can track and locate mobile sound sources in real time and has broad application prospects in many fields.This article first provides an overview of the mobile sound source localization system,introducing its concept and composition,as well as its design and application significance.It elaborates on the importance of the mobile sound source localization system from multiple aspects,such as safety,production,and daily life,and deeply explores its design and application strategies.The problems faced by the mobile sound source localization system and its future development direction were pointed out.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2017-II-003–0015)。
文摘Deconvolution methods are commonly used to improve the performance of phased array beamforming for sound source localization. However, for coherent sources localization, existing deconvolution methods are either highly computationally demanding or sensitive to parameters.A deconvolution method, based on modifications of Clean based on Source Coherence(CLEAN-SC), is proposed for coherent sources localization. This method is called Coherence CLEAN-SC(C–CLEAN-SC). C–CLEAN-SC is able to locate coherent and incoherent sources in simulation and experimental cases. It has a high computational efficiency and does not require pre-set parameters.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62303348 and 62173242)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2024M071048002)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.62225308)to provide fund for conducting experiments.
文摘Multiple quadrotors target encirclement is widely used in the intelligent field,as it can effectively monitor and control target behavior.However,it faces the danger of collision,as well as difficulties in localization and tracking.Therefore,we propose a complete target encirclement method.Firstly,based on Hooke's law,a collision avoidance controller is designed to maintain a safe flying distance among quadrotors.Then,based on the consensus theory,a formation tracking controller is designed to meet the requirements of formation transformation and encirclement tasks,and a stability proof based on Lyapunov was provided.Besides,the target detection is designed based on YOLOv5s,and the target location model is constructed based on the principle of pinhole projection and triangle similarity.Finally,we conducted experiments on the built platform,with 3 reconnaissance quadrotors detecting and localization 3 target vehicles and 7 hunter quadrotors tracking them.The results show that the minimum average error for localization targets with reconnaissance quadrotors can reach 0.1354 m,while the minimum average error for tracking with hunter quadrotors is only 0.2960 m.No quadrotors collision occurred in the whole formation transformation and tracking experiment.In addition,compared with the advanced methods,the proposed method has better performance.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61971162,61771186)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.PL2024F025)+2 种基金the Open Research Fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University(No.2023D07)the Outstanding Youth Program of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.YQ2020F012)the Funda-mental Scientific Research Funds of Heilongjiang Province(No.2022-KYYWF-1050).
文摘Indoor visual localization relies heavily on image retrieval to ascertain location information.However,the widespread presence and high consistency of floor patterns across different images of-ten lead to the extraction of numerous repetitive features,thereby reducing the accuracy of image retrieval.This article proposes an indoor visual localization method based on semantic segmentation and adaptive weight fusion to address the issue of ground texture interference with retrieval results.During the positioning process,an indoor semantic segmentation model is established.Semantic segmentation technology is applied to accurately delineate the ground portion of the images.Fea-ture extraction is performed on both the original database and the ground-segmented database.The vector of locally aggregated descriptors(VLAD)algorithm is then used to convert image features into a fixed-length feature representation,which improves the efficiency of image retrieval.Simul-taneously,a method for adaptive weight optimization in similarity calculation is proposed,using a-daptive weights to compute similarity for different regional features,thereby improving the accuracy of image retrieval.The experimental results indicate that this method significantly reduces ground interference and effectively utilizes ground information,thereby improving the accuracy of image retrieval.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12302006,12132002,and 62188101).
文摘A lightweight composite resonator,consisting of a soft material acoustic black hole(SABH)and multiple vibration absorbers,is embedded in a plate to achieve localization and absorption of low-frequency vibration energy.The combination of local and global admissible functions for displacement enhances the accuracy of the Ritz method in predicting vibration localization characteristics within the SABH domain.Utilizing soft materials for the SABH can reduce the mass and frequency of the composite resonator.Due to the lack of orthogonality between global vibration modes and localized modes,the low-frequency localized modes induced by the SABH are used to shape the initial global modes,thereby concentrating the global vibration of the plate in the SABH region.Consequently,the absorbers of the composite resonator only need to be a small fraction of the mass of the local SABH to achieve substantial vibration control of the host plate.This vibration localization strategy can significantly reduce the vibration amplitude of the host plate and enhance the effectiveness of lightweight absorbers in vibration reduction.
文摘Image tampering detection and localization have emerged as a critical domain in combating the pervasive issue of image manipulation due to the advancement of the large-scale availability of sophisticated image editing tools.The manual forgery localization is often reliant on forensic expertise.In recent times,machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)have shown promising results in automating image forgery localization.However,the ML-based method relies on hand-crafted features.Conversely,the DL method automatically extracts shallow spatial features to enhance the accuracy.However,DL-based methods lack the global co-relation of the features due to this performance degradation noticed in several applications.In the proposed study,we designed FLTNet(forgery localization transformer network)with a CNN(convolution neural network)encoder and transformer-based attention.The encoder extracts local high-dimensional features,and the transformer provides the global co-relation of the features.In the decoder,we have exclusively utilized a CNN to upsample the features that generate tampered mask images.Moreover,we evaluated visual and quantitative performance on three standard datasets and comparison with six state-of-the-art methods.The IoU values of the proposed method on CASIA V1,CASIA V2,and CoMoFoD datasets are 0.77,0.82,and 0.84,respectively.In addition,the F1-scores of these three datasets are 0.80,0.84,and 0.86,respectively.Furthermore,the visual results of the proposed method are clean and contain rich information,which can be used for real-time forgery detection.The code used in the study can be accessed through URL:https://github.com/ajit2k5/Forgery-Localization(accessed on 21 January 2025).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61703363)Shanxi Provincial Basic Research Program(202403021221206)+2 种基金Key Project of Shanxi Provincial Strategic Research on Science and Technology(202304031401011)Funding Project for Scientific Research Innovation Team on Data Mining and Industrial Intelligence Applications(YCXYTD-202402)Yuncheng University Research Project(YQ-2020021)。
文摘In existing image manipulation localization methods,the receptive field of standard convolution is limited,and during feature transfer,it is easy to lose high-frequency information about traces of manipulation.In addition,during feature fusion,the use of fixed sampling kernels makes it difficult to focus on local changes in features,leading to limited localization accuracy.This paper proposes an image manipulation localization method based on dual-branch hybrid convolution.First,a dual-branch hybrid convolution module is designed to expand the receptive field of the model to enhance the feature extraction ability of contextual semantic information,while also enabling the model to focus more on the high-frequency detail features of manipulation traces while localizing the manipulated area.Second,a multiscale content-aware feature fusion module is used to dynamically generate adaptive sampling kernels for each position in the feature map,enabling the model to focus more on the details of local features while locating the manipulated area.Experimental results on multiple datasets show that this method not only effectively improves the accuracy of image manipulation localization but also enhances the robustness of the model.
